CN1279838C - 蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法 - Google Patents
蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法 Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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Abstract
本发明涉及蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法。其特点是:蜂蜜或蜂皇浆装入封闭容器中,充入氮气后,密封容器;将密封的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆用伽玛射线进行辐照处理,辐照降解处理剂量范围为4KGy-10KGy。采用本发明辐照降解方法可降解蜂蜜中的氯霉素,使用现有的酶联免疫法和液相色谱分析法检测,其含量降低到0.1μg/kg以下,并保持蜂蜜中各种糖含量、酶活性基本不变,保持原有的外观颜色和风味。该方法操作简便,成本低,可广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的降解方法。
背景技术
在养蜂过程中,通常把一定量的氯霉素与蜜混合来喂养蜜蜂,以防治蜜蜂的疾病。但长期使用,在蜂蜜中就有少量残留氯霉素,这对人体具有严重的副作用。国内外对蜂蜜中氯霉素的残留量都有严格的限制,氯霉素残留问题也是目前困扰我国蜂产品出口的主要因素。
氯霉素(chlorampheniclol),分子式:C11H12Cl2N2O5
化学名:D-苏式-(-)-N-[α-(羟基甲基)-b-羟基-对硝基苯乙基]-2、2-二氯乙酰胺
其化学特性较为稳定,在水中煮沸5小时,效价几乎无变化,所以一般方法很难将其去除。
目前蜂蜜中氯霉素残留尚无有效方法去除,有人使用活性炭吸附法,或臭氧法去除蜂蜜中氯霉素,会造成蜂蜜中酶等有效成分的大量损失,同时成本高,去除效果差。
发明内容
本发明旨在,提供一种可有效降解蜂蜜中氯霉素的方法,即蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照法降解方法。
实现上述发明目的的具体技术解决方案是这样的:
1、蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:
A、将100-240升的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆装入封闭容器中,常温度条件下,向容器中充入氮气,采用边充边排的方式,使容器内空间充满氮气后密封容器;
B、在常温状态下、将密封的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆用伽玛射线进行辐照处理,辐照降解处理剂量范围为4KGy-10KGy。
2、根据上述1所述的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:
a、将100-240升的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆装入封闭容器中,常温度条件下,向容器中充入氮气,采用边充边排的方式,使容器内空间充满氮气后密封容器;
b、将充氮气密封后的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆放入冷冻室,在-18度温度条件下,冷冻4-8小时,使成为冷冻状态;
c、将冷冻状态的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆用伽玛射线和电子束进行辐照降解处理,辐照降解处理剂量范围为4KGy-10KGy。
3、根据上述1所述的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:对蜂蜜中氯霉素含量低于10μg/kg以下,辐照降解处理剂量范围为4~10KGy。
4、根据上述1所述的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:对蜂蜜中氯霉素含量高于10μg/kg,可将其稀释后再辐照处理,所述稀释为加入不含氯霉素的蜂蜜混合,使其混合后氯霉素含量低于10μg/kg。
5、根据上述1所述的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:在辐照过程中,要保证蜂蜜或蜂皇浆接受辐照计量的均匀性,其最高接受计量与最低接受计量的比为1.5左右,最高不得大于2。
采用本发明辐照降解方法,对蜂蜜和蜂皇浆产品进行批量生产应用,经检测,样品中氯霉素的初始含量最高为8.79ppb,辐照处理后全部降低到0.3ppb以下或检测为零,产品质量达到欧美标准。蜂蜜中的葡萄糖、果糖、果糖占还原糖的比例以及酶的活性变化不显著。
本发明方法可在常温下操作,也可将蜂蜜和蜂皇浆产品进行冷冻后进行辐照,采用低温冷冻和充氮气操作工艺能更好地减少蜂蜜或蜂皇浆的营养损失。
总之,采用本发明辐照降解方法可降解蜂蜜中的氯霉素,使用酶联免疫法和液相色谱分析法检测,其含量降低到0.1μg/kg以下,并保持蜂蜜中各种糖含量、酶活性基本不变,保持原有的外观颜色和风味。该方法操作简便,成本低,可广泛应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步地说明。
实施例1:
专用铁桶装新鲜蜂蜜240升,蜂蜜中氯霉素含量低于10μg/kg以下,经充氮气,采用边充边排的方式,使容器内空间充满氮气后密封容器;将容器运入-18度冷库中冷冻处理4-8小时后,将冷冻状态的蜂蜜及容器使用γ射线辐照,其平均吸收剂量7Kgy;采用静态堆码辐照,即将密封容器重叠堆放,辐照过程中根据辐照时间计算吸收半剂量时换层换面,即将重叠堆放的密封容器上、下、前后掉换位置,使其接受辐照剂量均匀。其最高接受计量与最低接受计量的比为1.5左右,最高不得大于2。
采用低温冷冻和充氮气操作工艺能更好地减少蜂蜜或蜂皇浆营养损失。
辐照处理后随机抽样检查氯霉素的含量及蜂蜜营养成分的变化、结果如下表:
总之,采用本发明辐照降解方法可降解蜂蜜中的氯霉素,使用现有的酶联免疫法和液相色谱分析法检测,其含量降低到0.1μg/kg以下,并保持蜂蜜中各种糖含量、酶活性基本不变,保持原有的外观颜色和风味。该方法操作简便,成本低,可广泛应用。
实施例2:
专用铁桶装新鲜蜂皇浆100升,蜂皇浆中氯霉素含量低于10μg/kg以下,经充氮气,采用边充边排的方式,使容器内空间充满氮气后密封容器;在-18度冷库中冷冻处理4-8小时后,在冷冻状态下,使用γ射线辐照,其平均吸收剂量10Kgy;采用静态堆码辐照,即将密封容器重叠堆放,辐照过程中根据辐照时间计算吸收半剂量时换层换面,即将重叠堆放的密封容器上、下、前后掉换位置,使其接受辐照剂量均匀。
辐照处理后新鲜蜂皇浆中氯霉素的含量及蜂蜜营养成分的变化、结果基本同实施例1。
实施例3:
专用铁桶装新鲜蜂蜜180升,蜂蜜中氯霉素含量高于10μg/kg,先将蜂蜜稀释,具体操作方法是:在氯霉素含量高于10μg/kg的蜂蜜中,加入不含氯霉素的蜂蜜,并搅拌混合均匀,加入的量根据测定的氯霉素初始含量而定,使其混合后氯霉素含量低于10μg/kg。
将稀释后的蜂蜜,经充氮气,采用边充边排的方式,使容器内空间充满氮气后密封容器,在常温条件下,使用γ射线辐照,其平均吸收剂量4Kgy。采用静态堆码辐照,即将密封容器重叠堆放,辐照过程中根据辐照时间计算吸收半剂量时换层换面,即将重叠堆放的密封容器上、下、前后掉换位置,使其接受辐照剂量均匀。
辐照处理后蜂蜜中氯霉素的含量及蜂蜜营养成分的变化、结果基本同实施例1。
Claims (5)
1、蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:
A、将100-240升的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆装入封闭容器中,常温度条件下,向容器中充入氮气,采用边充边排的方式,使容器内空间充满氮气后密封容器;
B、在常温状态下、将密封的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆用伽玛射线进行辐照处理,辐照降解处理剂量范围为4KGy-10KGy。
2、蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:
a、将100-240升的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆装入封闭容器中,常温度条件下,向容器中充入氮气,采用边充边排的方式,使容器内空间充满氮气后密封容器;
b、将充氮气密封后的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆放入冷冻室,在-18度温度条件下,冷冻4-8小时,使成为冷冻状态;
c、将冷冻状态的蜂蜜或蜂皇浆用伽玛射线和电子束进行辐照降解处理,辐照降解处理剂量范围为4KGy-10KGy。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:对蜂蜜中氯霉素含量低于10μg/kg以下,辐照降解处理剂量范围为4~10KGy。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:对蜂蜜中氯霉素含量高于10μg/kg,可将其稀释后再辐照处理,所述稀释为加入不含氯霉素的蜂蜜混合,使其混合后氯霉素含量低于10μg/kg。
5、根据权利要求1或2所述的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留的辐照降解方法,其特征在于:在辐照过程中,要保证蜂蜜或蜂皇浆接受辐照计量的均匀性,其最高接受计量与最低接受计量的比为1.5左右,最高不得大于2。
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| CN103698440B (zh) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-08-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种烟曲霉毒素和t-2毒素的辐照降解处理法 |
| CN106858494A (zh) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-20 | 江西省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | 一种天然蜂蜜的加工方法 |
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