CN1273729C - Megawatt grade wind generator set speed change and distance change control system - Google Patents
Megawatt grade wind generator set speed change and distance change control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1273729C CN1273729C CNB021448094A CN02144809A CN1273729C CN 1273729 C CN1273729 C CN 1273729C CN B021448094 A CNB021448094 A CN B021448094A CN 02144809 A CN02144809 A CN 02144809A CN 1273729 C CN1273729 C CN 1273729C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind-driven power generation control system, be adapted at megawatt-level wind unit speed change, feather control use.
Background technique
At present, China's grid connected wind power unit mainly contains two kinds of types, and a kind of is fixed pitch Stall Type wind-powered electricity generation machine; Another kind is a displacement type wind-powered electricity generation unit, and two kinds of types have all been developed the model machine of 600KW, yet, first kind of type exists catches the inefficient shortcoming of wind, though second kind of type caught wind efficient than first kind of type height, the stronger fitful wind that unit is subjected to impacts, and makes unit wind wheel and transmission system, parts such as wheel hub, main shaft, gear-box and generator are subjected to strong inhomogeneous impact and vibrations, thereby greatly reduce working life.
Summary of the invention
In order to realize the control of wind-driven generator variable speed constant frequency, purpose of the present invention provides a kind of megawatt-level wind unit speed change, displacement control system, utilize both four-quadrant frequency converters of two way convertor, to realize most economical, the most effective design proposal of power of the assembling unit optimization output.
Technological scheme of the present invention is achieved in that control system of the present invention is by control section, test section and drive three parts and form (as shown in Figure 1), wherein control section is operation controller, displacement controller and variable-speed controller three parts and is formed by master controller; The test section is made up of wind wheeling rotor, driving mechanism, double-fed generator stator, double-fed generator rotor, slip excitation variable-frequency power sources and pulsewidth modulation inverter component sensors; Drive part is by the actuating motor of difference in functionality, by driftage, cooling waits the actuating motor device, hydraulic servomechanism and relay control device are formed, the connection of above-mentioned each parts of control system is unit wind wheeling rotors of test section, driving mechanism, the double-fed generator stator, the double-fed generator rotor, slip excitation variable-frequency power sources and pulsewidth modulation inverter, export with sensor signal respectively, signal conversion is become the receivable standard signal of controller, digital signal low level 0V, high level 24V, analogue signal 4-20mA, computer operation condition, parameter detecting system, this signal is carried out sampling processing, data after the processing are sent into the parameter acquisition system more respectively, and the input switch state is arranged; Meteorological electrical network parameter; Generator operation parameter and system running state, again this parameter is sent into state controller respectively, control section is that operation controller, displacement controller and variable-speed controller three parts are formed by master controller, and these control outputs directly connect drive template by control output; Drive template output is connected to the actuating motor by difference in functionality, driftage, cooling actuating motor device, hydraulic servomechanism, relay control device is arranged, by the coordinated operation of control requirement each several part.
Relevant controlling, detection and driving three part detailed structure are as follows:
Control section has:
1, master controller
Master controller is the core controller of control system, master controller is formed (by shown in Figure 2) and is finished by the S7-300 series Programmable logic Controller (PLC), all output input signals of system are respectively by the interface circuit of 5 difference in functionalitys, promptly control gating circuit, input photoelectric isolating circuit, Hall electric weight sensing interface circuit, switching value input isolation circuit, variable-speed controller interface circuit and output controlling and driving circuit, wherein, other part temperatures such as cabin temperature, hydraulic fluid temperature is input to programmable controller by the control gating circuit; The lower velocity shaft rotating speed; High speed shaft rotating speed, wind speed, wind direction, just, inverse time counter, displacement angle input/output signal be input to programmable controller by the input photoelectric isolating circuit; Stator a phase voltage, stator b phase voltage and rotor a, b, c phase voltage, phase current signal output are input to programmable controller by Hall electrical quantity sensor interface circuit; Vibration signal, motor overload, the left and right limit, vibration and over speed switch, brake lining wearing and tearing, pressure switch one, two, three, four and maintenance, the emergent stop signal turned round all are input to programmable controller by the switching value input isolation circuit; The output of variable-speed controller interface circuit is connected to stator and is incorporated into the power networks, rotor-exciting and inverter are incorporated into the power networks, rotating speed control, power control, the main circuit cooling, controller heats each input end, output controlling and driving circuit output end is connected to the control box heating respectively, the gear oil heating, heat radiation, the hydraulic oil heating, the motor dehumidifying, the driftage gate valve, hydraulic-pressure pump, hydraulic pressure valve position one, two, three, yaw motor one, two, the cabin fan, the mechanical brake motor, the displacement Proportional valve, displacement control, control box cooling input end, variable speed constant frequency wind-powered electricity generation unit master control program flow chart (by shown in Figure 3), upper left corner dotted portion is an operation controller, controller is at first finished the meteorology that system monitoring needs, electrical network, wind-powered electricity generation unit and test of frequency variator status parameter and record, flow process with start shooting-be incorporated into the power networks-intelligent control-off-grid-dead halt serves as theme, the preparation of starting shooting on request respectively, driftage is adjusted, fault treatment and intelligent optimizing parameter calculate, speed and the given and system's operation management of power control, the right side dotted portion is the feather controller, it provides control mode by intelligent control module and the pitch location/velocity is given, realize the target power adjusting of propeller pitch angle by hydraulic system and pitch-changing mechanism, at lower left corner dotted portion is variable-speed controller, it and master controller are formed the MS master-slave control system, master controller carries out the master control management by it, variable-speed controller becomes slave controller, under the management of master control, carry out its variable-speed operation management independently; At first detect generator stator rotor and electrical network parameter (I, U, N, τ, O, cos φ), carry out the adjusting of generator power factor, power of the assembling unit optimization control, wind speed round optimization control, constant frequency and constant voltage control and PWM modulation output control; the rotor/stator of generator is incorporated into the power networks and is controlled etc. by variable-speed controller; also to be that target is calculated in the power of unit and rotational speed optimization control given for intelligent control module in the master controller; when master control is out of control, also can independently carry out the dead halt of the control of speed change displacement, system protection control, unit fully.
2, feather controller
Feather controller (being called for short the displacement controller) is by blade upwind position detecting sensor, the pitched speed detection sensor, position regulator, speed regulator, feather actuator and hydraulic servomechanism are formed, (by shown in Figure 3) displacement controller is pressed the given control target of intelligent control module, regulate the position and the speed of pulp distance varying mechanism respectively, finish the feather control of wind-powered electricity generation unit, feather control is to make the wind-powered electricity generation unit keep the constant rated power of the above output of rated wind speed, regulate the facing the wind power control at angle of blade and rotate along its vertical axle center by blade, its regulative mode is divided into three phases: the phase I is a start-up phase, when wind energy conversion system reaches operating conditions, calculate given blade pitch angle, first step pitch angle is adjusted to about 28 °; When rotating speed reaches 1/2 rated speed, be adjusted to out 0 ° of the angle of flat oar again, reaching rated speed up to wind energy conversion system generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, second stage is: when wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed value, be that output power is during less than rated power, the blade pitch angle remains on out flat oar invariant position, phase III is: when wind speed during greater than the rated wind speed value, and power reach specified after, the feather regulating system puts into operation, rated power when the key of regulating is rated wind speed, when wind speed during greater than rated wind speed, and output power is during greater than rated power, promptly turn the blade propeller pitch angle down, otherwise promptly right, pitched is constantly carried out with change of wind velocity, and displacement control in the present invention combines with speed Control and reaches the purpose of power optimization control.
3, variable-speed controller
Variable-speed controller is an invention key point of the present invention, variable-speed controller is divided into three parts substantially: speed Control core controller hardware, the speed Control principle realizes software, the variable-speed controller main circuit, speed Control is to adopt vector control technology, frequency to the slip variable-frequency power sources, phase place, amplitude is regulated, reach generator and carry out field current adjusting purpose, realize the control that wind wheeling rotor is regulated by control target, control is with generating unit speed and power optimization control, stator and rotor generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and adopt two kinds of ways, 1. the double-fed generator synchronizer regulating method that is incorporated into the power networks, 2. rotating speed surpasses the pressure and the net mode of the scope formula of the rotating speed that is incorporated into the power networks, along with wind speed constantly increases, judging whether unit satisfies the rotor power generation conditions, is that wind speed is crossed the rated power point in native system rotor power generation conditions, four quadrant convertor working stability and rotating speed are crossed synchronous points and are satisfied simultaneously; Realization rotor by the grid side pulse width modulation inverter send to the electrical network feedback; the constant frequency and constant voltage of system; rotating speed and power optimization control are transferred current amplitude by the slip excitation converter of motor side; phase place and frequency realize; control mode can adopt the given mode of master control; also variable speed control calculation optimization setting value voluntarily; can be with reference to figure 7 speed change displacement control principle block diagrams; the four-quadrant variable-frequency power sources is the key of controller in the speed Control; it is the emphasis of security of system protection; when its (main circuit) breaks down, realize unit off-grid stoppage protection by the relay logic control circuit.
4, constant frequency control
The present invention adopts double-fed winding-type influence generator, its staor winding directly inserts electrical network, the rotor winding is supplied with the three phase low frequency field current by a frequency, low-frequency power that voltage is adjustable, when the rotor winding passes through the three phase low frequency electric current, in rotor, form a low speed rotation magnetic field, the rotational speed (n in this magnetic field 2) with the wind speed round (n of rotor r) superimposed, make it equal the synchronous speed (n of stator 1), i.e. n r± n 2=n 1,
Thereby in the generator unit stator winding, induce corresponding power-frequency voltage, when wind speed changes, rotation speed n rChange, at n thereupon rWhen changing, the frequency of corresponding change rotor current and the speed n of rotating magnetic field 2With the small electromotor change in rotational speed, keep output frequency invariable, the low-frequency power that is adopted in the system is that a kind of frequency translation is become the power-converting device of another kind of lower frequency is the slip excitation converter of system, in order to obtain output voltage and current waveform preferably, output frequency is no more than 1/3rd of incoming frequency, because the slip excitation converter is in the rotor loop (energized circuit) of generator, its capacity is no more than 36% of generator rating power, generator in the native system can supersynchronously move that (rotor rotating magnetic field direction is opposite with the wind wheel sense of rotation, n 2For negative), can subsynchronously move also that (rotor rotating magnetic field direction is identical with the wind wheel sense of rotation, n 2For just), in the previous case, except that stator to electrical network is presented electric power, rotor is also presented a part of electric power to electrical network; Under latter event, then at stator when electrical network is presented electric power, need be to rotor feed-in part electric power.
5, variable-speed controller main circuit principle
The variable-speed controller main circuit is formed (by shown in Figure 6), the slip excitation converter is arranged, pulse width modulation inverter, dc bus, K1, K2, the K3 control contactor, wave filter is formed, slip excitation converter wherein, dc bus and pulse width modulation inverter constitute the four quadrant convertor main circuit, the topological structure of dc bus two lateral circuits is basic identical in the main circuit, form with IGBT inversion/rectifier bridge and drive circuit, connect by dc-link capacitance resistance between them, busbar voltage is sent voltage on generator unit stator and rotor and is decided, the voltage that generator amature sends is lower than the voltage of stator, but rotor is when the electrical network feed, circuit must adopt copped wave to boost and realize the inversion online, this circuit inserts inductance in the outlet of grid side pulse width modulation inverter, electric capacity L1, L2, L3, C1, C2, C3, combine with the IGBT pulsewidth modulation, realize the feedback of rotor low voltage electricity generation grid-connecting energy, simultaneously, these electric capacity and inductance still are the part of sine wave filter.
6, speed Control core controller circuit theory
(by shown in Figure 8) master controller is made up of CPU board and peripheral interface circuit plate two large divisions, little process chip of host CPU plate is TMS320F240, expanded 64K16 position program storage on the bus, 64K16 bit data storage, 12 road PMW are provided output, 2 tunnel 10 bit port A/D output, 3 16 general purpose timers outputs, system has SPI and general RS-232 interface, 16 road A/D input interfaces, expansion a slice MP7680JE interface has 4 tunnel 12 D/A outputs, expand two SR128KX8R type flash memory devices, make system have 128*16 position SRAM program and number storage, bus hangs with 4 74ACT245 bus drivers, and these device circuitry have constituted DSP high-performance numeral microprocessing systems, the peripheral interface circuit plate is by four most of compositions, and the digital signal input is handled, buffer circuit; Analogue signal output/input gating, amplification, buffer circuit; PWM ripple output fixed ampllitude buffer circuit; Buffer circuit is amplified in switching signal output.
Drawn the advantage of variable speed constant frequency technology in the present invention, make the wind-powered electricity generation unit have following characteristics: to adopt the double-fed generator vector control technology, by regulating rotor excitation current, realize wind wheeling rotor speed-optimization and variable-speed operation, simultaneously, can carry out the meritorious adjusting of double-fed generating, make the rich line formula alternating current power-generating system of double-fed have the complete characteristic that the synchronous generator online is had, this system not only can be to the electrical network transmission of electric energy, and can be by the control output current, the phase relationship of voltage, the regulator generator power factor, carry or absorbing reactive power to electrical network, length to wind-powered electricity generation is carried out reactive-load compensation apart from conveying circuit, improves the power supply quality of wind-powered electricity generation online.
Double-fed generator rotor-exciting control technique and two-way four quadrant running converter technique combine; realize wind-powered electricity generation unit the flexibly connecting of wind wheeling rotor and generator under the variable speed constant frequency running state; to reduce the impulse force that peak load causes to blade and driving mechanism; reach and improve unit generation efficient, strengthen protective function and prolong system's multiple effect in working life.
The feather target power is followed the tracks of with the speed change adjusting and is combined, and guarantees more than rated wind speed point, stable rated power output, under rated wind speed, keep best tip-speed ratio running state, improve capturing wind energy efficient, make system in full blast speed scope, obtain optimized energy output.
Adopt advanced Computer Control Technology, carry out self study operation control strategy, when obtaining unit self optimum operation characteristic, can guarantee system's real-time optimization control system performance index, make unit remain on the operation optimum state, present the high-quality electric energy to electrical network.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is megawatt-level wind unit speed change, displacement control system structured flowchart;
Fig. 2 is megawatt-level wind unit speed change, displacement control system master controller composition frame chart;
Fig. 3 is megawatt-level wind unit speed change, displacement control system variable speed constant frequency wind-powered electricity generation unit primary controller procedure flow chart;
Fig. 4 is megawatt-level wind unit speed change, displacement control system displacement control system composition frame chart;
Fig. 5 is megawatt-level wind unit speed change, displacement control system displacement speed Control flow chart;
Fig. 6 is megawatt-level wind unit speed change, displacement control system speed Control main circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is that megawatt-level wind unit speed change, the control of displacement control system speed change displacement realize theory diagram;
Fig. 8 is megawatt-level wind unit speed change, displacement control system speed Control core controller electrical schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The working principle of native system:
Speed change displacement control principle is shown in the control principle block diagram of Fig. 7, system's control is regulated quantity to follow the tracks of change of wind velocity, to optimize wind speed round, output power and security of system stable operation are control target, formed the three main clues that control system is regulated: (one) is target with the wind speed round optimization control, and form the closed loop control link: provide rotating speed of target by intelligent object, and subtract each other with actual speed, and entering block diagram 5-block diagram 9-block diagram 11, deviate carries out the transformation of coordinates 17 of vector control, entering slip excitation Irq current closed-loop again regulates, carrying out proportion differential by 5 pairs of field current signals of regulator Irq regulates, signal output changes voltage signal into through resistance, be superimposed as PWM modulation output wave at last, enter transformation of coordinates 17 by rotor current output detection, electric current is sent into comparison node B5, form the field current close loop negative feedback and regulate control, the variation of field current causes rotation speed change, enter comparison node B1 through the measurement of rotating speed link, form the closed loop control of rotating speed; (2) be controlled to be target with power optimization and 2 tunnel closed loop controls that form, power optimization comprises the adjusting of active power and the adjusting of power factor (the present invention is idle for indirect regulation), it is given that intelligent control module provides active power, after subtracting each other with the available power of reality, obtain the rotating speed deviation, advance regulator 2, enter the adder sum with another road through the torque component of divider 6 and take advantage of scale factor K m 2Enter adder 10 again, after transformation of coordinates, the adjusting closed-loop feedback regulating system of forming by regulator 5 as the amplitude variable quantity of field current, regulator 6 carries out field current Ird component to be regulated, and Irq and Ird and regulating loop are finished the modulation output of PWM ripple jointly.
(3) according to the power characteristic of system and the characteristic of wind speed, determine that pitch Place object and pitch speed regulation target are given, subtract each other with actual blade pitch position and speed and obtain deviation signal and enter respectively Regulator 30 and PID regulator 36, regulated signal output drives hydraulic actuator respectively, and the position detection signal of its pitch is finished the target following control of propeller pitch angle as feedback signal.
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| CNB021448094A CN1273729C (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2002-11-13 | Megawatt grade wind generator set speed change and distance change control system |
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| CNB021448094A CN1273729C (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2002-11-13 | Megawatt grade wind generator set speed change and distance change control system |
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| CN1410669A CN1410669A (en) | 2003-04-16 |
| CN1273729C true CN1273729C (en) | 2006-09-06 |
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2002
- 2002-11-13 CN CNB021448094A patent/CN1273729C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1976180B (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-05-26 | 天津市新源电气科技有限公司 | Variable speed variable frequency pneumatic electric machine and excitation control system |
| CN101646867B (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2013-09-11 | 罗伯特.博世有限公司 | Drive device for driving several axles |
| CN101892953A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-24 | 三一电气有限责任公司 | Electric variable propeller system of wind generating set |
| CN101892953B (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-10-24 | 三一电气有限责任公司 | Electric variable propeller system of wind generating set |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1410669A (en) | 2003-04-16 |
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