CN1266510A - Method of sequencing computer controlled tasks based on the relative spatial location of task objects in a directional field - Google Patents
Method of sequencing computer controlled tasks based on the relative spatial location of task objects in a directional field Download PDFInfo
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- CN1266510A CN1266510A CN 98805711 CN98805711A CN1266510A CN 1266510 A CN1266510 A CN 1266510A CN 98805711 CN98805711 CN 98805711 CN 98805711 A CN98805711 A CN 98805711A CN 1266510 A CN1266510 A CN 1266510A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/48—Program initiating; Program switching, e.g. by interrupt
- G06F9/4806—Task transfer initiation or dispatching
- G06F9/4843—Task transfer initiation or dispatching by program, e.g. task dispatcher, supervisor, operating system
- G06F9/4881—Scheduling strategies for dispatcher, e.g. round robin, multi-level priority queues
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/30—Creation or generation of source code
- G06F8/34—Graphical or visual programming
Abstract
A graphical method for sequencing computer control task uses objects to represent the task to be performed by the computer. The objects are placed in a directional field having a directional attribute which specifies how the tasks are to be sequenced. The sequence of tasks to be performed collectively defines a procedure. When the procedure is initiated, the computer automatically sequences the task within the procedure based on the relative special location of the task objects and the directional attribute. The sequence can be modified by changing the relative location of the task objects or by changing the directional attribute.
Description
Invention field
Relate generally to of the present invention is used for the graphical user interface of running program computing machine, particularly is used for the graphical user interface to the task ranking that will be carried out by computing machine.
Background of invention
Classic method to a series of task rankings is employing program, script or graphical user interface (GUI).A succession of instruction that program or script are carried out particular task by instruct computer is formed.Yet most of program designs or script need the grammer of the programming language of prehension program method for designing and use.Most computers user does not have to set up makes time or the technical ability that the useful structure of these instruments is required.Therefore, this method is infeasible for these users.This another problem that method of task ranking is existed is if desired modifications task order must rewrite code.
In GUI, the task list that can carry out is shown object.After the default attribute that has defined object, the user is connecting object manually, with the order of definition task.Process to task ranking is generally finished by with desirable order these objects manually being linked together by the user.A problem of this method is consuming time and goes out error easily.For example, many programs based on GUI allow to be called as second object of destination object and to generate a chain between source object and destination object by first object, artificial selection that artificial selection is called as source object to fetch object order.This link is shown generically in the line that extends between source object and the destination object.This line can also comprise the arrow of an indication Sort Direction.This process repeats for one time one everywhere, and to generate a continuous chain, wherein previous destination object becomes source object, and selects new object as target.In case be configured to, can trigger whole sequence or chain and carry out basic task with user's named order.
This task ranking method is at " figure process capability ", and (in April, 1991, Vol.33 are described in No.11) the open communique of ibm technology.The icon representation of connecting object in graphical user interface and the conventional method that its corresponding task is sorted represented in this piece article.The many software programs that are commonly called quick application and development (RAD) program and the many product instruments that are used for the program generation use this method.The example of these product instruments and usage policy thereof can be at Steve McConnell, " exploitation fast: Taming Wild software agenda " (1996) and James Koblielus of Microsoft Press can find in IDG Books Worldwide Inc. " Workflow Strategies " (1997).
The number that an intrinsic problem of this method is shown as the object that comprises any sequence becomes very big.Because art methods need be taken some actions with clearly with an object association be linked to next object by the user, determine in the related or link that constitutes between the object of sequence, so need any rearrangement of removing existing link or generating new url all very consuming time and make mistakes easily.The complex sequence that often needs the modification task is with the user of this task of satisfying the demand or the quick change needs of tissue.If the user reassigns the order of any one linked object in the sequence, then may influence the follow-up task relevant or link with this object that is moved.That is to say that the ordering of special object may depend on being carried out by some previous objects of task.In this case, for the rearrangement that makes object reaches desirable result, the user also must make change to all follow-up peer links.This is extremely consuming time and make mistakes easily in the program of prior art.
Be that number along with object and peer link thereof becomes big and a large amount of quantity of information that show to the user to another problem of the method for task ranking in the prior art.For so a large amount of objects, the user is easy to be overwhelmed by the density of virtual information. ParcPlace-Digitalk ' sParts for Java 1.0 ").Yet nobody provides the object that expression has been hidden or the method for link.
In prior art program about workflow or task ranking, in the position of the task object in graphical user interface and the sequence between the order of task without any correlativity.The shortage of this correlativity is very chaotic for the final user.In fact, no matter how everyone of culture background has the inborn comprehension to pattern.The prior art program is not utilized the inborn comprehension of people to pattern, and this makes these programs be difficult to study more and uses.
Therefore, need a kind of with the improved graphical user interface of more effective and less mode consuming time to computer-controlled task ranking.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of graphical method to computer-controlled task ranking.According to the present invention, computer-controlled task list is shown object in the graphical user interface.By the user task object is placed in the field of direction in the user interface.The field of direction comprises a direction attribute, is represented by the direction designator in user interface.The direction attribute is specified order how to determine the task in the field.The object relative position and the direction attribute of the field of direction when carrying out sequence relative to each other sorted to task automatically by computing machine in according to the field of direction.The user does not need clearly an object linking on another.On the contrary, when carrying out sequence, can generate link automatically.
The user can revise the task order in one of two ways.The first, can change the order of task by mobile object in the field of direction with the relative position that changes object.The second, the direction attribute that can change the field of direction changes order.When carrying out sequence, will dynamically regenerate the link between object next time.
In most preferred embodiment of the present invention, when carrying out ordering in the link of drawing on the screen between the object.This is linked at and is shown as the line that two objects are linked together on the interface.This link has formed geometric pattern, and this geometric pattern provides the character about the sequence on basis, and selects the application-specific of use irrelevant with any individual, tissue or group.For example, this pattern had both reflected the ordering of the task of comprising this sequence, reflected the personal user's who generates this sequence space preference again.
These patterns are discovered by the common connate ability of people and are discerned pattern.People's congenital pattern recognition capability is that generation system provides the foundation to the unified method that a series of operations sorts.One from a kind of working environment change to another kind of working environment, the acquainted user that for example changes to statistics from research will become adaptation work quickly, because pattern is represented and the loose information that links to each other of basic sequence task.And if other object is placed in the existing sequence, the user will intuitively know how this object is comprised in this chain, new object is not linked the link of existing object and do not need manually to draw.Such system has many good qualities.Such system not only provides all the time information reliably with the form of spontaneous geometric pattern from ordering, also allows to pass on meaning between the individual, and does not need common language or shared culture background.
By generation be used for computer interactive for the more natural system of people, thereby we adhere to obtaining the improvement on computing machine uses.Field of direction designator allows acquainted user in the tram of estimating object in the field of direction instinctively, to realize desirable result.The user does not need to generate clearly link between object.On the contrary, can when carrying out this sequence, dynamically generate link.Elimination generates link clearly between object needs make the calling sequence generation more efficient.It is also important that, eliminate the needs that generate link clearly and make the user more concentrate one's energy on whole sequence.
A major advantage of the present invention is in the raising that generates on the complex task sequence efficient.Here no longer need to resemble the situation of program of prior art artificial generation or revise sequence.The acquainted user of any degree, no matter be beginner or experienced user can by rearrange in the field of direction object and rapidly and easily revise sequence.Because the user does not need to define clearly the link between the object, so need behavior still less.
Another advantage of the present invention is the steric loosely connected of object in the user interface and is formed the geometric pattern that obtains by the line that object is linked together.These geometric patterns provide information about basic sequence character to the user, and do not consider the application-specific used.The user can easily explain the implication of pattern, and the contextual prerequisite knowledge when not needing this application to set up at first.And the user can easily be sent to next environment with pattern from an environment, and need not spended time and energy obtain to set up special knowledge in the specific program of its initial pattern.An acquainted user who changes to another program from a program will adapt to quickly, and the nuance with the study new procedures of not needing to retrain.
Another advantage is that the present invention allows to transmit special knowledge by the task sequence pattern.Geometric pattern has the implication of the special knowledge in the context knowledge of its generation.Therefore, acquainted user can more easily understand and revise the sequence by another generation.
Certainly, under the situation of spirit that does not depart from invention and inner characteristic, the present invention can realize in other the special modes except the mode of being stated here.Therefore, illustration ground and consider these embodiment without limitation in all fields, all changes in the implication of accessory claim book and the equivalent scope are included in it.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1 explanation is set to a plurality of task objects and the single person in charge's object arranged in the field of direction of UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT (upper right to the lower-left) at its direction attribute.
Fig. 2 is that the task sequence pattern that produces is arranged in explanation by the object among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 explanation same object as shown in Figure 1, wherein, a task object is moved.
Fig. 4 has shown the task sequence that object shown in Fig. 3 is arranged.
Fig. 5 has shown same object as shown in Figure 1, and wherein, the direction attribute becomes UPPERLEFT TO LOWER RIGHT (left to bottom right).
Fig. 6 has shown the task sequence that object shown in Fig. 5 is arranged.
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic sketch that two observers of explanation observe a task sequence pattern.
Fig. 8 has shown a plurality of task objects and the person in charge's object that is placed in the field of direction, wherein is responsible for object and has limited range of influence.
Fig. 9 has shown identical task object as shown in Figure 8 and has been responsible for object, wherein, is responsible for object and relative influence zone thereof and is moved.
Figure 10 has shown a plurality of task objects and two person in charge's objects that are placed in the field of direction, and wherein each person in charge's object has limited range of influence, and its mutual attribute of each limited range of influence is set to NONE.
Figure 11 has shown identical task object as shown in figure 10 and has been responsible for object, yet each mutual attribute of being responsible for each range of influence of object is set to call other person in charge's objects.
Figure 12 has shown identical task object as shown in figure 10 and has been responsible for object, yet each mutual attribute of being responsible for each range of influence of object is set to CALL ALLOBJECTS (calling all objects).
Figure 13 has shown a plurality of dissimilar task object that is placed in the field of direction and person in charge's object of a plurality of particular types.
Figure 14 is a process flow diagram of describing sort method of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the diagrammatic sketch that the typical user interface of the software program that comprises sort method of the present invention is described.
Figure 16 is the diagrammatic sketch that explanation shows each spatial sequence designator of the 2-dimension field of direction.
Figure 17 is the diagrammatic sketch that explanation has a plurality of task objects that have limited range of influence and the 3-dimension field of direction of being responsible for object.
Figure 18 is the external view of an outer-Nei menu object.
Figure 19 is the internal view of an outer-Nei menu object.
Figure 20 is the diagrammatic sketch that explanation comprises the virtual office of sort method of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference now to accompanying drawing,, particularly Fig. 1 illustrates in greater detail the method to computer-controlled task ranking of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, this method realizes by user interface 10, wherein, is task or task object 14 in spatial field 12 with diagrammatic representation with computer-controlled task on graphoscope.By the relative position of computing machine task is sorted automatically according to the task object in the spatial field 12 14.Spatial field 12 comprise an appointment how to set the tasks the order the direction attribute.In order to realize this process, the user generates task object, and task object is placed in the spatial field 12.Particular task in task object sequence of 14 expressions or the process.Task object can be expressed as button or the icon of notifying the task that user and this particular object instance interrelate.
In case generation or example illustrate a task object 14, then by the user its default behavior or function are set.The behavior of task object 14 for example can be provided with by property pages, and wherein property pages provides the included various attributes of task object and the visit of method.By being provided with or changing the attribute of task object 14, function or task that the user can appointed task object 14 carries out.Task object 14 can be represented virtually can be by any task of computing machine execution or control.For example, task object 14 can be used for other programs on the object computer or sends thump to application program.At present, in case the user by illustration, the attribute of then understanding the basic function influence task object 14 is addressable just enough for the user.
Computer-controlled process or process generally comprise a plurality of tasks, and these a plurality of tasks are expressed as a series of task objects 14 in user interface.By computing machine task ranking and the execution to being expressed as task object 14 automatically.When each task was performed, a line that is called as sequence line 20 drew between can each task object 14 in sequence.Sequence line 20 extends between each point on the object, and each point on the object is called as object's position point 24 here.In the example that provides, object's position point 24 is arranged in the upper left corner of each object of user interface 10.Yet object's position point 24 also can be placed on the position of object outside.No matter be inside or outside, object's position point 24 is by computing machine be used for the setting the tasks sequence of object 14.That is to say, be to use the position of object's position point 24 to determine the ordering of object.When this sequence is activated, draw sequence lines 20 from the object's position point 24 of object's position point 24 next task object 14 to sequence of a task object 14.So, can find out at an easy rate that sequence line 20 also is used as a kind of progress indicator of form.As shown in Figure 2, sequence line 20 forms a pattern, is referred to as task sequence pattern 22 here.
The user can be in one of two ways to computer-controlled task ranking.The first, can change task sequence by the corresponding task object 14 in the spatial field 12 is moved to a reposition.That is to say, can change the relative position of task in the sequence by the icon representation of the task (being task object) in the mobile space field 12 only.In case a task object 14 is moved in spatial field 12, the just automatic rearrangement task of computing machine, and the user needn't reconnect object clearly.
The second way that changes task sequence is the direction attribute that changes spatial field 12.The direction attribute specifies how to come task ranking according to the position of task in spatial field 12.For example, in two-dimensional space field 12, the direction attribute can be specified, according to the position of corresponding task object in the spatial field 12 from upper right to the lower-left to task ranking.Specify a bottom right to upper left sequence if the direction attribute becomes, even then all task objects 14 all remain on same position, the task order also will change.In the present invention, be icon that on user interface, show, that be called as spatial sequence designator 18 with the direction attribute representation.
By the access attribute page or leaf direction attribute of spatial field is set, for example realizes by right click in spatial field 12.Property pages permits a user to this spatial field and sets a property.The direction attribute that attribute is a spatial field.How this attribute specifies to being placed on the object order in the spatial field.In disclosed 2D embodiment, the direction attribute has six possible settings.Each setting is represented by a different spatial sequence steady arm as shown in figure 16.The value of direction attribute comprises UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT, LOWER RIGHT TO UPPER LEFT, LOWERLEFT TO UPPER RIGHT, UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT, CURRENT POSITIONOUTWARD, and OUTER MOST POINTS INWARD (left to bottom right, the bottom right is to upper left, and the lower-left is to upper right, and is upper right to the lower-left, current location is outside, and outermost point is inside).Spatial field 12 can also have can be by other attributes of user's setting, for example color or font.
In Fig. 1, six task objects 14 are placed in the spatial field 12, i.e. object 1, object 2, object 3, object 4, object 5 and object 6.It is UPPERRIGHT TO LOWER LEFT (upper right to the lower-left) that the direction attribute is specified clooating sequence.In this clooating sequence, horizontal level has right of priority than the upright position.When this process started, computing machine was carried out the task by 14 expressions of the task object in the spatial field 12.Start this sequence by a trigger event.In most preferred embodiment of the present invention, use and be responsible for the execution that object 16 triggers sequence.Being responsible for object 16 is purpose objects for the default behavior of the one or more task objects 14 of activation.In disclosed embodiment, when being responsible for object 16 quilts " click ", being responsible for object and responding with initiating sequence.
The order of task is determined by the relative position and the direction attribute of task object in spatial field 12.In a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, when each task of execution, draw a sequence line 20 to next object from an object 14.Best, when the task of finishing by a back object representation, drawing connects the sequence line 20 of two task objects 14.In the example that provides, at first carry out object 2, then carry out object 1, object 3, object 4 and object 6.When interrelating with object 2 of task is finished, from object 2 to the object 1 sequence line 20 that draws.Repeat this process, last task in finishing sequence.The task sequence pattern 22 of sequence shown in Fig. 1 has been described among Fig. 2.
It should be noted that object 5 is not included in the sequence in Fig. 1.Each task object 14 has an attribute, is called as and comprises attribute, and this attribute makes task object 14 or comprised or be excluded that this depends on the setting that comprises attribute.When comprising attribute and be set to " YES ", object is included in the sequence.Otherwise when comprising attribute and be set to " NO ", object is left out.Comprising the property pages of attribute by task object is provided with.
Fig. 3 has shown identical as shown in fig. 1 task object 14, but the relative position of first task object 14 changes.In this example, the task executions order changes.More specifically, object 2 is at first carried out, and then carries out object 3, object 4, object 6, is object 1 at last.Be also to be noted that formed task sequence pattern 22 as shown in Figure 4 is different from Fig. 1.When the final user works with a particular task sequence pattern 22, between the operation on task sequence chart sample 22 and basis, make the association of nature by the user.In case make association, 22 in task sequence pattern provides a more modeling environment of intuition.
Fig. 5 has shown the task object 12 in same position same as shown in Figure 1, but the direction attribute of spatial field 12 has become the sequence of specifying a UPPER LEFT TO BOTTOM RIGHT (left to bottom right).In this example, the task executions order is affected, and produces a different task sequence pattern 22.More specifically, new sequence proceeds to object 2, object 3, object 4 and object 6 then in order from object 1.Fig. 6 has shown the task sequence pattern 22 of this sequence.This example has proved that how reformed task sequence is under the situation of the relative position of object in not changing spatial field 12.
Important feature of the present invention is at the task sequence pattern 22 that is produced to by the task ranking of object representation the time.Though pattern 22 is unique for the specific environment of its generation, hidden the complicacy below special object and the expression thereof, and allow the observer be primarily focused on sequence originally on one's body.By generating the extraction of a higher common grade, the mankind of task sequence pattern 22 by utilizing shared in common apperceive characteristic makes that people can be to come mutual than known in the past rank more natural, intuition.Fig. 7 has shown that two users from different background observe a sequence pattern of having hidden following object.This sequence pattern makes two users can both understand and rap off regardless of its cultural difference.
In the discussion in front, all task objects 14 in the hypothesis space field 12 are all by being responsible for object 16 controls.Yet, in a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, can define a range of influence 26 being responsible for object 16.When the scope of being responsible for object 16 is limited, have only those task objects that fall into the range of influence 26 of being responsible for object 16 14 can be responsible for object 16 controls.Being responsible for the range of influence 26 of object 16 is represented by a boundary line on graphoscope.It is unconfined defaulting to range of influence 26.
Fig. 8 and 9 has illustrated how range of influence 26 can be used in the ordering.In Fig. 8, five task objects 14 and person in charge's object 16 are placed in the spatial field 12.The range of influence 26 of being responsible for object 16 is shown in boundary line 26, and this boundary line 26 can be seen on user interface 10.Two task objects 14, be that object 1 and object 2 fall in the range of influence 26 of being responsible for object 16.Object 3, object 4 and object 5 are positioned at the outside of the range of influence 26 of being responsible for object 16.When person in charge's object 16 was triggered, object 1 and object 2 all were included in the sequence.Object 3, object 4 and object 5 are left out, because they are positioned at the outside of the range of influence 26 of being responsible for object 16.
Fig. 9 has shown the spatial disposition of task object same as shown in Figure 8 14, but the range of influence 26 of person in charge's object 16 has moved on to the right.By moving influence zone 26, be left out by the task of object 1 and object 2 expressions, and in being included in by the task of object 3, object 4 and object 5 expressions.New execution sequence is object 3, object 4 and object 5.
Method to computer-controlled task ranking of the present invention is supported a plurality of person in charge's objects 16, and each is responsible for object 16 and has its oneself range of influence 26.The present invention also supports to be responsible for mutual between the object 16.Each person in charge's object 16 has can be by the attribute of user's setting.An attribute already mentioned above is the direction attribute.Another attribute of person in charge's object 16 that can be provided with by the user is the pattern attribute.The pattern attribute specifies in an interactive mode of being responsible between object 16 and other person in charge's objects 16.In the present invention, three kinds of pattern: NONE are arranged, CALLOTHER MASTER, and CALL ALL OBJECTS (do not have, call other and be responsible for object, and call all objects).If interactive mode is set to NONE, then should be responsible for object 16 and will sorts, and ignore task object 14 outside its oneself range of influence 26 task objects in its own range of influence 26 14.If interactive mode is set to CALLOTHER MASTER, in case then the task objects 14 in its oneself the range of influence 26 are sorted, this person in charge's object 16 will trigger other person in charge's objects 16 that is provided with mode characteristic suitably.Must in the property pages of being responsible for object 16 that is called, call person in charge's object 16 with name or type appointment.If the interactive mode characteristic is set to CALL ALL OBJECTS, then be responsible for object 16 and handle all task objects 14 in the whole spatial field 12, just look like that they all are in its own range of influence 26.In this case, all objects all are sorted, and it is the same to just look like that this person in charge's object 16 has unconfined scope.
Figure 10-12 has shown in difference and has been responsible for mutual between the object 16.Figure 10 has shown two person in charge's objects that have crossing range of influence 26.Each is responsible for object 16 and has two task objects 14.Object 1 and object 2 belong to is responsible for 1.Object 3 and object 4 belong to is responsible for 2.When the person in charge 1 is triggered, carry out task by object 1 and object 2 expressions.Equally, when second person in charge's object, when the person in charge 2 is triggered, carry out task by object 3 and object 4 expressions.It should be noted, be responsible in 2 the range of influence 26, but object 2 be can't help to be responsible for 2 and triggered even object 2 looks like to have fallen into.This is because object 2 is persons in charge 1 but not is responsible for 2 subobject.
Figure 11 has shown identical as shown in figure 10 person in charge's object 16 and task object 14.But each interactive mode attribute of being responsible for object 16 is set to CALL OTHER MASTER.In this case, be responsible for object 16, when the person in charge 1 is triggered, carry out task when first by object 1 and object 2 expressions.When first person in charge's object 16, when the person in charge 1 finishes the ordering of the object in its range of influence 26, it calls second and is responsible for object 16, the person in charge 2.Note, be responsible for 2 and must have the reactive nature that is set in response to being responsible for 1.Being responsible for 2 sorts to the process of the object representation in its range of influence 26 then and carries out.Specifically, being responsible for 2 feasible interrelating with object 3 and object 4 of tasks is performed.
CALL OTHER MASTERS attribute allows to be responsible for object and equally responds other person in charge's objects 16 with regard to liking a task object 14.All person in charge's objects 16 have one can be by the reactive nature of user's setting, and other are responsible for object types or respond specific person in charge's object with name so that one is responsible for object 16 responses.Reactive nature will identify specific person in charge's object 16 with type or the name that responds with it.By this attribute is set, person in charge's object 16 can be responsible for object 16 by another and call.Have its default behavior when being responsible for object 16 and triggering when being responsible for object 16, should be responsible for object 16 and be called a subordinate person in charge object by in its reaction tabulation another.The reaction tabulation is used as the safety practice in the large program, wherein can have hundreds of person in charge's object and task to be responsible for object.
Figure 12 shown and person in charge's object 16 and task object 14 identical shown in Figure 10 and 11, but is responsible for object 16 in Figure 12, promptly is responsible for 1 and be responsible for 2 pattern attribute and be set to CALL ALL OBJECTS.In this case, being responsible for object 16, promptly being responsible for 1 or be responsible at 2 o'clock carrying out any one, will all objects in two zones of being responsible for objects 16 be sorted, just looks like that all objects all belong to the single unconfined range of influence in.In this example, sequence will be object 4, object 1, object 2 and object 3.Owing to be responsible for object 16 and have identical direction attribute for two, so being responsible for object 16, whichever begins this sequence, all can trigger same sequence.If be different from and be responsible for 1 direction attribute but be responsible for 2 direction attribute, then sequence will change.So, when mutual attribute is set to CALL ALL OBJECTS, then handle all task objects 14, in they all belong to a single unconfined range of influence.
In a specific range of influence, exist under the situation of many task objects 14, may wish only to carry out a subclass by the task of 14 expressions of the task object in this zone.According to the discussion of front, a kind of implementation is that the user wishes that the attribute that comprises of the task object 14 that sorts is set to YES, and the attribute that comprises of every other task object 14 is set to NO.But when relating to the task object 14 of big figure very, this setting comprises the process of attribute can be cumbersome.
The task that another solution of this problem is to use dissimilar objects to indicate to carry out.The default behavior of being responsible for object 16 only will be set to the task object 14 of a particular type is sorted.So,, corresponding 16 ordering of events to this particular type of object of being responsible for will be arranged for every type task object 14.Adopt a generic to be responsible for object to all object orders, and no matter its type.In a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, dissimilar objects has different outward appearances, therefore can easily be distinguished by the final user.
Figure 13 illustrated dissimilar to as if how to be used for task ranking.Figure 13 has shown four task objects 14 and three person in charge's objects 16.Task object 14 is two types-type A and type B.There are two generics to be responsible for object and general person in charge's object.When click type category-A owner manages object, only to type A object order.Specifically, to type-A-object 1 and type-A-object 2 orderings.Equally, when clicking the type B generic and be responsible for object, only to the type B object order, i.e. type-B-object 1 and type-B-object 2.Yet, when clicking general person in charge's object, ignore object type, to all task objects 14 orderings.In this case, sequence is type-A-object 1, type-B-object 1, type-A-object 2 and type-B-object 2.Under the situation of the object that many mixed types are arranged, the ability that only has the object order of particular type is very easily, and the state that comprises that does not need to change the position or the existing object of deletion of object or change object.
Figure 14 is the process flow diagram of explanation computing machine to the process of the task ranking that is expressed as the task object 14 in the user interface.This process is generally by an Event triggered (square frame 100).In described embodiment, default behavior of being responsible for object 16 of this Event triggered.But it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that being responsible for object 16 is not the essential part of trigger process.Can use other technologies to trigger sequence, for example timer event or outside input.Generate a dynamic data structure (square frame 102) with the information of storage about object in the user interface.Canned data comprises the position of object.After generating dynamic data structure, call the number (square frame 104) that a function returns the object that will sort.Computing machine carries out repetition (square frame 106) to all task objects 14 in the range of influence 26 of being responsible for object 16 then.After each the repetition, computing machine has determined whether on inspection all objects (square frame 108).If not, check the attribute (square frame 110) of next object.According to the attribute of object, computing machine determines whether this special object is included in (square frame 112) in the sequence.If comprise this object, this object is added to (square frame 114) in the dynamic data structure.After having checked all objects, according to the locus of object and the direction attribute of being responsible for object 16 to object listed in the dynamic data structure classify (square frame 116).After finishing classification, these objects are carried out their appointed task (square frame 118) in sequences.After finishing all tasks, this process finishes.
With reference now to Figure 15,, shown that user interface appears at based on the explanation in the application program of Windows.As shown in the figure, interface comprises a main viewfinder 200, and main viewfinder 200 is made up of a plurality of common Windows part that generally occurs in most of window applications.Main viewfinder 200 comprises a window frame 202, and other parts of main viewfinder 200 are surrounded.Title bar 206 stretches along the top of main viewfinder 200.System menu and application icon 204 are placed on an end of the title bar 206 in the form upper left corner.Three title bar buttons are placed on the right-hand member of title bar 206.Leftmost in these buttons is to minimize form button 208, allows the user that form is minimized.The button that minimizes form button 208 the right is a Max Toggle button 210.This button allows the user with main viewfinder 200 maximizations.Rightmost button is to cut out form button 212, allows the user to close main viewfinder 200.On the right of form, a vertical scroll bar 214 appears, be used for the vertical scrolling of main viewfinder 200.Adjacent with the base of main viewfinder 200 is HScrollBar 216, is used for horizontal rolling.Main viewfinder 200 area surrounded are called visible client area 218.Vertical scroll bar 214 and HScrollBar 216 allows visible client area 218 is vertical and move horizontally, to check the object outside the border that is positioned at main viewfinder 200.Cursor 222 appears in the visible client area 218, can be handled by mouse or other input equipments.In the lower right corner of main viewfinder 200 is a window dimension control 220, allows the user to change window dimension.
Principal function by menu bar 224 and the application of tool bar 226 calling parties.Menu bar 224 just in time is positioned at the bottom of title bar 206, and many menu options are provided, for example file and help.When having selected file, menu option tabulation (for example, newly-built, open, save as, withdraw from) appears.Help menu activates a help file.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that each menu item can comprise many menu items and submenu.The menu structure of application program is known for those of ordinary skills.
Be close to below the menu bar 24 is mother-tool bar 226.Tool bar 226 generally comprises a succession of button, some buttons provide to the visit of menu bar 224 identical functions.For example, the left end at tool bar 226 is three buttons of the function of repetition menu bar 224.Specifically, File Open button 228 is opened a common form dialog box that is used to open file.File save button 230 is opened a common form dialog box that is used to preserve file.Exit button 232 is closed application program.
Residue button on the user interface 10 is arranged to two groups.Will describe as following, button 240,242,244,246,248,250 and 252 is used for the task object 14 that example illustrates user interface 10. Button 260 and 262 is used for person in charge's object 16 that example illustrates user interface 10.For an object in the illustration user interface 10, the user selects a button (passing through with pointing apparatus 222, for example click button usually), with cursor 222 location on visible client area 218, clicks on desirable position with cursor 222 then.The object of selected type will be illustrated in the place that cursor 222 is positioned.It is very general in Windows uses that this use button combines the method for the object in the illustration user interface 10 with cursor 222, is known for those of ordinary skills.
In case an object by illustration, then is provided with the default behavior of object by property pages.Property pages for example can be by visiting with pointing apparatus right click or double-click object.The user can the dependency page or leaf be provided with or changes the attribute of illustrative object in user interface 10.Property pages for example is used to be provided with default behavior and the task of being carried out by object.Comprising attribute also visits by property pages.Another useful attribute is the hiding attribute of object.Hiding attribute allows illustrative Objects hide is got up not in sight.This attribute is useful for the visit of controlling the object setting for example.For example, if employed a new employee, particular object instance can be hidden, and makes that this example can not be accessed, allows new employee's active program simultaneously.Along with this employee to working environment and comprise that the context of the sequence task of this program becomes more familiar, this employee can be given more visit.Hide an object instance and make that the user can not be mutual with it, promptly change attribute, locus etc., but this object is included in still in this sequence.Hiding attribute provides the extra measurement of control, dirigibility and security to program really.
In most preferred embodiment of the present invention, even dissimilar to liking, it is also roughly the same that the top layer of each object moves back stack formula menu.This consistance in the user interface 10 helps the user mutual with object instance apace.
As mentioned above, button 240-252 permission user is illustrated in the task object 14 in the user interface 10.Dissimilar task object 14 of each expression in these buttons.In disclosed embodiment, button 240 is used for exit button object of illustration.The exit button object provides the variety of way of the current example that withdraws from application program.
Button 246 allows SQL button object of user's illustration.The difference of SQL button object and operation button object and operation image object is that its default behavior allows by ODBC (opening database connectivity), JDBC (java database connectivity) and SQL (Structured Query Language (SQL)) access of database.Button 248 allows QBE button object of user's illustration, and this QBE button object allows the visit to the third party's enquiry machine that for example comprises inquiry.SQL, QBE, JDBC and ODBC are known for those of ordinary skills.
Button 250 allows an automatic object fabricator of user capture (AOM).AOM allows the user to add an existing database file and selects in this database file those fields corresponding to the required attribute of illustration one certain object type.The top menu of AOM shows can be by a drop-down list of illustrative available objects type.The user selects record from database, is used to construct an object instance, and places it on the visible client area 218, as by manual illustration.
It is evident that to have the other object type of different behavioral traits for the technician in the field of object-based Interface design, can easily expand these instruments by increase.
The method of having described with regard to two-dimensional space to object order can also be implemented in three dimensions above.Figure 17 has shown three-dimensional " virtual reality " space of adopting sort method of the present invention.Identical in object illustration among the 3-D and the 2-D media, but the object in the virtual media of 3-D has at least three coordinates.These objects in the 3-D virtual environment also have inside surface and the outside surface that comprises one or more.Texture can be added on the outside surface and inside surface of object.These textures provide additional information to the user usually, and this uses the attribute of sensation of peculiar basic object attribute but can be used for strengthening reflection.
Figure 17 has shown that two are responsible for object 16, and each is responsible for object 16 and has a conditional range of influence 26.Each range of influence 26 comprises a plurality of task objects 14.Spatial sequence designator 18 interrelates with each range of influence 26.Spatial sequence designator 18 show in the specific effect zone 26 to as if how to be sorted.For example, in the embodiment shown, spatial sequence designator 18 is reflected as FRONT TO BACK-UPPER LEFT TOLOWER RIGHT (preceding to afterwards-left to bottom right) with the direction attribute.
Three-dimensional embodiment of the present invention have several in 2-D embodiment non-existent object, it can be described as on the whole outer-Nei object.Outward-Nei to as if can be by the three dimensional object of user input.In disclosed embodiment, outer-Nei object can be used for several purposes.Outward-purpose of Nei object is to user's display message.Information is presented on the inside surface and outside surface of outer-Nei object.So no matter the user is positioned at the inside or the outside of object, the information that is presented on outer-Nei object all is visible for the user.Outward-Nei object can also be used as by the method for user input commands or otherwise allow user and environmental interaction.
Use outer-Nei object of three types, comprised directed inspection box 30, spatial sequence designator 18 and outer-Nei menu object.Directed inspection box 30 (OVB) is six a box, and each face all is denoted as corresponding to the relevant view in the virtual environment: FRONT, RIGHT, and BACK, LEFT, TOP OR BOTTOM (preceding, the right side, after, a left side, the top or the end).Under the situation in the observer enters box, these labels also can find in the inside of directed inspection box 30.The purpose of directed inspection box 30 provides quick reference tool and comes orientation for place to the observer in the specific effect zone 26.
Another outer-Nei is to liking spatial sequence designator 18.In 3-D embodiment, spatial sequence designator 18 is represented as a cube, shows an icon on each in cubical six inside surfaces and outside surface.This allow user in object with object outside many different vantage points determine the direction attribute of the field of direction 12.
Outer-Nei of the third type is to liking outer-Nei menu object.Outward-Nei menu object replaced the top layer in 2-D embodiment, the position of top menu.Outward-the stack formula of the moving back menu found among Nei menu object and the 2-D embodiment provides identical functions.Yet different with the 2-D show media, by menu item is illustrated on a plurality of object surface simultaneously, making not only can from the outside of object or any observation point of the inside can be observed and can be mutual, and the virtual media of 3-D becomes more effective.If the user outside one-Nei find in the menu object ownly, then he can be mutual with the inside surface of object, and do not need to withdraw from this object or change position, thereby saved the time.
In 3-D embodiment, outer-Nei menu object of the 3-D field of direction is positioned on this angle.Outer-Nei menu object of task object 14 and person in charge's object 16 is positioned at the inside of these objects.It should be understood that task object 14 and being responsible for object 16 also is outer-Nei object.
Figure 18 shown from its outside check outside-Nei menu object.Figure 19 has shown outside its interior examination-Nei menu object.As shown in the figure, menu item has all occurred on the inside surface of object and outside surface, thereby no matter the user is still outside in the inside of object, can both be mutual with menu object.
The method of using among sort method in 3-D embodiment and the 2-D embodiment is identical.When person in charge's object 16 is triggered, to task ranking and execution by task object 14 expressions.Spatial sequence designator 18 definite order standards that will use.In the embodiment shown in Figure 17, with object from front to back, then from left to bottom right the ordering.When carrying out the action that interrelates with each task object 14, an ordering line that two objects are connected together draws.Object among the 3-D embodiment also has one and comprises attribute, as mentioned above, can be used for getting rid of particular task from sequence.
Figure 20 has shown a practical application of sort method previously discussed.Figure 20 is that a virtual office shows, by the object in the mobile virtual office space, allows ordering and rearrangement.The actual purpose of virtual office environment is the mode of showing the file ordering that will fax.Background images 300 only is the graphic image that comprises office's background that is stored in the image object example.By right click Anywhere in this background, the user can visit the attribute of this object, and carry out needed any change, comprise by loading a new graphic image and change background, as shown in figure 20, used graphic image demonstrates the office of a routine, has virtual desk and door.Door has one and leaves symbol, and this leaves symbol and is actually an exit button object 302.Four objects appear on the virtual desk, are actually the example of aforesaid operation image object.The image of first object 304 is the file on the desktop.Other three objects 306,308 and 310 vivid similar envelope letter.The start button 312 in the lower left corner of virtual office is a person in charge's object with the external position point 314 that is positioned on the facsimile recorder image.Spatial sequence designator 18 indication direction attributes are set to point to from outermost inner.When person in charge's object 16 is activated, at first carry out interrelating of task with folder object, then be three letter objects successively.Carry out interrelating of task with object according to order from distance facsimile recorder object farthest to the nearest object of distance facsimile recorder.The virtual office represents that the present invention can be used for a kind of mode to task ranking.
The invention provides a kind of user or programmer come control task ordering by the object in the manipulating graphics user interface method easily and easily.The object of the task of indicating to carry out is placed in the field of direction.Automatically sort according to the task that the relative tertiary location of object in the field of direction pair and each object interrelate by computing machine.According to the notion of the task ranking of relative tertiary location is new example in the program design field.
Certainly, under the situation that does not depart from spirit of the present invention and essential characteristic, the present invention can realize with other ad hoc fashions except aforesaid way.Therefore, illustration ground and consider these embodiment without limitation in all fields, all changes in the implication of accessory claim book and the equivalent scope are included in it.
Claims (28)
1. one kind to being carried out by computing machine or the method for a plurality of task rankings of control, comprising:
A) task object is placed in the field of direction with a direction attribute, wherein said task object is represented will be by the task of described computing machine execution; And
B) the one or more task objects in the field of direction are sorted according to the relative tertiary location of task object in the field of direction and the direction attribute of the field of direction by described computing machine.
2. sort method as claimed in claim 1 also comprises by the relative tertiary location that changes the task object in the field of direction and comes step to described task object rearrangement.
3. sort method as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the step of the direction attribute of choice direction field.
4. sort method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described task object has one or more revisable attributes that are used for the behavior of control task object.
5. sort method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, a described revisable attribute is used for comprising a task object of the field of direction or the task object in this field of direction being excluded described sequence by described sequence.
6. sort method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, at least one revisable attribute is specified will be by the task of task object execution.
7. sort method as claimed in claim 1 also comprises and is responsible for the step that object is placed in the field of direction, is used to start described task sequence with one.
8. sort method as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described task object responds described person in charge's object to carry out the task that it interrelates.
9. sort method as claimed in claim 8 also is included as the step of a conditional range of influence of described person in charge's object definition, and wherein, described person in charge's object is used to start one and comprises the sequence that falls into the task object in the range of influence of being responsible for object.
10. sort method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, sequence includes only the task object in those range of influence that fall into person in charge's object.
11. sort method as claimed in claim 8 comprises a plurality of person in charge's objects, each is responsible for object and has a range of influence, wherein, at least one is responsible for one or more other of object response and is responsible for the activation of objects, to start the ordering of the task object in its oneself the control area.
12. sort method as claimed in claim 8 also comprises from a predefined list of types step of selecting a type for each task object, wherein, each is responsible for object and only is programmed to the task object of some specified type is sorted.
13. sort method as claimed in claim 12 also is included as the step that is used for a universal class of person in charge's object definition of all types of task object orderings.
14. one kind to being carried out by computing machine or the method for a plurality of task rankings of control, comprising:
A) on graphoscope, show a user interface with field of direction;
B) in response to user's input, task object is placed in the described field of direction, wherein said task object is represented will be by the task of described computing machine execution;
C) be that the described field of direction is selected a direction attribute;
D) the one or more task objects in the field of direction are sorted according to the relative tertiary location of task object in the field of direction and the direction attribute of the field of direction by described computing machine.
15. sort method as claimed in claim 14 also comprises by the relative tertiary location that changes the task object in the field of direction and comes step to described task object rearrangement.
16. sort method as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described task object has one or more revisable attributes that are used for the behavior of control task object.
17. sort method as claimed in claim 16, wherein, a described revisable attribute is used for comprising a task object of the field of direction or the task object in this field of direction being excluded described sequence by described sequence.
18. sort method as claimed in claim 16, wherein, the definable attribute of at least one user is used to specify will be by the task of task object execution.
19. sort method as claimed in claim 14 comprises that also being responsible for object with one is placed in the field of direction, is used to start the step of described task sequence.
20. sort method as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described task object responds described person in charge's object to carry out the task that it interrelates.
21. sort method as claimed in claim 20 also is included as the step of a conditional range of influence of described person in charge's object definition, wherein, described person in charge's object is used to start one and comprises the sequence that falls into the task object in the range of influence of being responsible for object.
22. sort method as claimed in claim 21, wherein, sequence includes only the task object in those range of influence that fall into person in charge's object.
23. sort method as claimed in claim 20 comprises a plurality of person in charge's objects, each is responsible for object and has a range of influence, wherein, at least one is responsible for one or more other of object response and is responsible for the activation of objects, to start the ordering of the task object in its oneself the range of influence.
24. sort method as claimed in claim 20 also comprises from a predefined list of types step of selecting a type for each task object, wherein, each is responsible for object and only is programmed to the task object of some specified type is sorted.
25. sort method as claimed in claim 24 also is included as the step that is used for a universal class of person in charge's object definition of all types of task object orderings.
26. one kind is used for to user's display message and receives computing method from user's input, comprising:
A) three dimensional object in the demonstration 3-D virtual environment on graphoscope, wherein, described menu object comprises outside surface and inside surface; And
B) display message all on the inside surface of described object and outside surface so that when the user in the inside of object or during the outside this information all be visible for the user.
27. computing method as claimed in claim 26, wherein, display menu item all on the inside surface of object and outside surface.
28. computing method as claimed in claim 27 also comprise the step that is chosen in the inside surface or a menu item on the outside surface of menu object in response to user's input.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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| US4337197P | 1997-04-04 | 1997-04-04 | |
| US60/043,371 | 1997-04-04 | ||
| US08/905,701 US6948173B1 (en) | 1997-08-04 | 1997-08-04 | Method of sequencing computer controlled tasks based on the relative spatial location of task objects in a directional field |
| US08/905,701 | 1997-08-04 |
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| CN1266510A true CN1266510A (en) | 2000-09-13 |
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| CN 98805711 Pending CN1266510A (en) | 1997-04-04 | 1998-03-27 | Method of sequencing computer controlled tasks based on the relative spatial location of task objects in a directional field |
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| EP (1) | EP1031079A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1266510A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998045767A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1329802C (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2007-08-01 | 索尼计算机娱乐公司 | Method and apparatus for processing files utilizing a concept of weight so as to visually represent the files in terms of whether the weight thereof is heavy or light |
| CN100405363C (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2008-07-23 | 国际商业机器公司 | Using continuous optimization for ordering categorical data sets in a data processing system |
| TWI512295B (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2015-12-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Process and device to provide an alignment signal and an apparatus with such a device |
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| JPS63254513A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1988-10-21 | Toshiba Corp | Picture display method |
| EP0347162A3 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1990-09-12 | Tektronix, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for controlling data flow processes by generated instruction sequences |
| US5212771A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1993-05-18 | Bachman Information Systems, Inc. | System for establishing concurrent high level and low level processes in a diagram window through process explosion and implosion subsystems |
| FR2662009B1 (en) * | 1990-05-09 | 1996-03-08 | Apple Computer | MULTIPLE FACES MANOPULABLE ICON FOR DISPLAY ON COMPUTER. |
| WO1993015455A1 (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1993-08-05 | Interactive Media Corporation | System for performing function on second portal upon activation of related first portal |
| JP2768412B2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1998-06-25 | 財団法人ニューメディア開発協会 | User adaptive system and adaptive method |
| US5442746A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1995-08-15 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Procedural user interface |
| US5586243A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-12-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multiple display pointers for computer graphical user interfaces |
| US5623592A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1997-04-22 | Molecular Dynamics | Method and apparatus for constructing an iconic sequence to operate external devices |
| AU712491B2 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1999-11-11 | Sony Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for improved graphical user interface with function icons |
| US5724492A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1998-03-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Systems and method for displaying control objects including a plurality of panels |
| GB9606791D0 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1996-06-05 | British Telecomm | Control interface |
| US5745109A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-04-28 | Sony Corporation | Menu display interface with miniature windows corresponding to each page |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100405363C (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2008-07-23 | 国际商业机器公司 | Using continuous optimization for ordering categorical data sets in a data processing system |
| CN1329802C (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2007-08-01 | 索尼计算机娱乐公司 | Method and apparatus for processing files utilizing a concept of weight so as to visually represent the files in terms of whether the weight thereof is heavy or light |
| TWI512295B (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2015-12-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Process and device to provide an alignment signal and an apparatus with such a device |
Also Published As
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| WO1998045767A2 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
| WO1998045767A3 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
| EP1031079A2 (en) | 2000-08-30 |
| EP1031079A4 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
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