CN1247490C - Fertilizer coating composite, its making method and multicomponent coated granular fertilizer - Google Patents
Fertilizer coating composite, its making method and multicomponent coated granular fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1247490C CN1247490C CNB031094031A CN03109403A CN1247490C CN 1247490 C CN1247490 C CN 1247490C CN B031094031 A CNB031094031 A CN B031094031A CN 03109403 A CN03109403 A CN 03109403A CN 1247490 C CN1247490 C CN 1247490C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a coating composition used for coated fertilizers and a manufacturing method thereof, and fertilizers manufactured by the composition. The coating composition comprises a coating agent, a curing agent, a synergistic agent for nitrogen elements, inorganic acid or organic acid, a surface active agent and an auxiliary agent. The nitrogen use efficiency of the fertilizer manufactured by the method is from 6 to 10% higher than the nitrogen use efficiency of the fertilizer which is not coated, and the fertilizer can save 15 to 45% when the crop yield is the same. The fertilizer effect period of the fertilizer is long and can reach 60 to 120 days.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to coated fertilizer and manufacture method thereof.More specifically, the present invention relates to employed coating composition of coated fertilizer and their manufacture method, and the fertilizer that uses this composition to make.
[background technology]
As everyone knows, simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer or nitrogenous compound manure are the solid particulate fertilizer of present application quantity maximum, are water soluble quick-acting fertilizer.After in a single day these water soluble quick-acting fertilizer are manured into soil, wherein a part of fertilizer can be absorbed by crop, but most of fertilizer is because leaching loss, volatilization or mineralization may cause serious loss, thereby cause fertilizer utilization ratio very low, its result not only causes the waste of huge resource, but also can cause the severe contamination of waters, atmospheric environment, this situation has caused that countries in the world pay much attention to.
Those skilled in the art know clearly, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is very low generally because of due to the volatilization loss of the denitrification of nitrate and ammonia, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer only is 28-41%; Phosphate fertilizer is non-volatile, but in soil poor mobility, easily fixed by the calcium in the soil, magnesium plasma, therefore, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency only is 10-15%; Potash fertilizer is non-volatile, but potassium ion is in soil under the alternation of wetting and drying, can enter in the clay mineral lattice and is fixed, and potassium utilization rate is about 30-60%.
In addition, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassic fertilizer ratio are inharmonious, lack trace element, and use chemical fertilizer in a large number, the fertilizer consumption reduces relatively, and soil nutrient, structure are damaged, even produce soil sandization, leak fertile phenomenon, also be the major reason that causes chemical fertilizer utilization ratio low.
In order to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, just proposed to adopt coating process to improve the imagination of fertilizer performance as far back as 1907.The agricultural experiment report of just relevant coating fertilizer up to 1940.After this, coat fertilizer was made by ADM company in 1964, and the coating main component is dicyclopentadiene and glycerine ester polymkeric substance.
1972, ICI company produced 32%N, 30%S, 2% paraffin bag Thio Urea.
1978, the sulphur coated urea that U.S. TVA company produces came out.
After the eighties, some companies disclose with inorganic materials and organic polymer and have produced coated fertilizer.Japan Centval Glass Co.Ltd company has developed double wrapped fertilizer, with resin compound Wrapped fertilizers such as paraffin or EVA, again with through Synolac, petroleum resin and the paraffin of oil treatment and oil (soybean wet goods vegetables oil), anticaking agent mixture, be wrapped on the fertiliser granulates, this Wrapped fertilizer can select different materials to reach the sustained release nutrient.
Chisso, KK company have mainly developed the olefin polymer Wrapped fertilizer.
As lapping, this material is easy to biological degradation with the L-lactic acid polymer in Asahi Chemical Ind company.
China has developed multiple fertilizer coating technology, and the fertilizer coating technology that adopts heat curing-type, thermoplastic resin coating is wherein arranged, with the coated fertilizer that adopts these technology to produce etc.
The fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate Wrapped fertilizer is by Zhengzhou Polytechnical College, and Nanjing soil institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences succeeds in developing.This fertilizer is the release rate that reaches the control nutrient by controlling packet film thickness and front cover agent consumption.
It is the slow release fertilizer that coating agent makes that Beijing University of Chemical Technology develops with the urea-formaldehyde resin.
Chinese Academy of Sciences's Nanjing soil Research Institute goes out the coating agrochemical fertilizer.Select the degraded organic polymer material for use, make coated urea as urea aldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol Ureaphil, polyvinyl alcohol, acetal.
The Hunan plastic institute is developed polyvinyl alcohol-starch coated fertilizer, uses 10% ldpe resin toluene solution, atomizing spraying, and fluidized bed granulation, drying makes coated fertilizer.
These coated fertilizers mainly use organic polymer material, and the fertilizer cost made from these materials is very high, is difficult to obtain widespread use, perhaps because of being difficult to natural decomposition to the environment structure detrimentally affect.
Guangzhou Nitrogenous Fertilizer Factory adopts the certain colloidal solution of urea granules surface coated and makes coating urea.But this coating is water miscible, and coating is difficult to permanent maintenance.
Therefore, many researchists have been used to humic acids to improve utilization rate of fertilizer.Humic acids is the amorphous macromolecule compound, formed by many minimum spherical particles gatherings, be characterized in that internal surface area is big, ion-exchange absorption ability is strong, fertilizer-preserving ability and ion-exchange capacity than the big 10-20 of mineral colloid in the soil doubly, adsorbable ammonia 2.2-2.7 weight %.Humic acids and urea generate complex compound, stronger inhibition urase is arranged and suppress nitrated effect.
People also are used to zeolite to improve utilization rate of fertilizer.The characteristics of zeolite are to have the hole that the utmost point is grown aspect mineral structure, and surfaces externally and internally is long-pending can to reach 800-900 rice
2/ gram, water-absorbent is strong, and the ammonium of absorption, potassium plasma are slowly discharged.
[summary of the invention]
[technical problem that will solve]
Have the above-mentioned widely used defective that has a strong impact in order to overcome in the existing coated fertilizer, the present patent application people is through research, found the coating made with the natural of modification and/or synthetical glue system to have extraordinary effect.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fertilizer coating composition and manufacture method thereof.
Another one purpose of the present invention provides a kind of polynary coated compound fertilizer material and manufacture method thereof.
[technical scheme]
Implementation of the present invention will be described in detail belows.
At first, the fertilizer coating composition is described.
Said composition is made up of the following component in weight part:
5.0-35.0 part coating agent
1.0-5.0 part solidifying agent
5.0-35.0 part nitrogen synergistic agent
2.0-3.0 part mineral acid or organic acid
0.1-0.5 part tensio-active agent
3.0-30.0 part auxiliary agent
Described coating agent is selected from natural and/or the synthetic colloid;
Described solidifying agent is one or more solidifying agent that are selected from low grade aldehyde or divalent-metal ion salt;
Described nitrogen stabilizer is selected from urease inhibitor and/or nitrification inhibitor.
Described mineral acid is that one or more are selected from normally used acid in the fertilizer industry, and described organic acid is that one or more are selected from C
2-C
20The organic acid of lipid acid;
Described tensio-active agent is selected from aniorfic surfactant, cationic surfactant, nonionic surface active agent and/or amphoteric ionic surfactant;
Described auxiliary agent is selected from natural or synthetic inorganic materials or organic materials.
Preferably, said composition is made up of following component in weight part:
12.0-26.5 part coating agent
2.0-4.5 part solidifying agent
12.0-28.0 part nitrogen synergistic agent
2.0-3.0 part organic acid
0.15-0.4 part tensio-active agent
6.0-18.0 part auxiliary agent
Preferably, the natural or synthetic colloid in the said composition is that one or more are selected from the colloid in gelatin, gelatine, gelatin, gum arabic, pectin, sodium alginate, methylcellulose gum, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate-phthalate, calcium stearate, hardened fat, dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, wax, Vaseline and/or the water glass.
More preferably, the described colloid in the said composition is one or more colloids that are selected from gelatin, gelatine, gelatin, gum arabic, pectin, sodium alginate, methylcellulose gum, wax, Vaseline and/or water glass; Particularly preferably be the technology that adopts those skilled in the art to know, use one or more tankages in skin, hair, bone, angle, hoof, muscle and/or the tendon of animal to be raw material, the gelatin that hydrolysis makes under alkalescence or acidic conditions.
In composition of the present invention, described solidifying agent is one or more solidifying agent that are selected from formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, copper sulfate, alum, tschermigite, potassium alum, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate or sal epsom.
In said composition, described urease inhibitor is one or more urease inhibitors that are selected from boric acid or borax, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, rare earth nitrate, diaminobenzene phosphoric acid salt, dihydric phenol and/or quinhydrones.Preferably, described urease inhibitor can be selected from boric acid or borax, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, rare earth nitrate and/or quinhydrones, particularly preferably can be selected from boric acid or borax, ferrous sulfate and/or rare earth nitrate.
In said composition, described nitrification inhibitor is one or more nitrification inhibitors that are selected from Dyhard RU 100, thiocarbamide, miaow base thiocarbamide, 2-amino-4-chloromethyl pyrimidine, Sulphathiazole, whiteruss and/or 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethane) pyridine.Preferably, described nitrification inhibitor is selected from Dyhard RU 100 or thiocarbamide.
In said composition, described mineral acid is one or more acid that are selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid, and described organic acid is that one or more are selected from xitix, citric acid, Whitfield's ointment or stearic acid.
Preferably, described mineral acid is one or more acid that are selected from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid, and described organic acid is that one or more are selected from citric acid or stearic acid.
In said composition, described aniorfic surfactant is selected from soap, alkyl-sulphate and/or glycerine mono fatty acid vitriol; Described cationic surfactant be selected from amido amine, halogenation pyridines and/the fatty alkyl quaternary amines; Described nonionic surface active agent is selected from sorbitan fatty acid ester, cithrol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester derivative and/or Polyoxyethylene Sorbitol Fatty Acid Esters; Described amphoteric ionic surfactant is selected from imdazole derivatives, betaines and/or amino acids.
In said composition, described natural or synthetic is inorganic or organic materials is one or more materials that are selected from silicon-dioxide, talcum powder, kaolin, terra alba, sodium aluminium silicate, urea, methyl alcohol, ethanol, starch and/or inorganic pigment powder.
Preferably, the inorganic or organic materials of the natural or synthetic described in the said composition is one or more materials that are selected from silicon-dioxide, talcum powder, kaolin, starch and/or inorganic pigment powder.
More preferably, described natural or synthetic is inorganic or organic materials is selected from silicon-dioxide, talcum powder and/or kaolin.
These are natural or synthetic is inorganic or the granularity of organic materials generally is the 80-200 order, and preferably the 80-150 order more preferably is the 90-120 order.If this granularity is greater than 80 orders, the coating quality, promptly the slow releasing function of coated fertilizer obviously reduces; If this granularity brings many insoluble problems less than 120 orders, for so this material powder processing, and tooling cost obviously increases.
The following describes the manufacture method of described fertilizer coating composition.
This method may further comprise the steps:
(1) toward the described mixture natural and/or synthetic colloid and 12-60 parts by weight solvent of 5.0-35 weight part in the temperature 40-100 ℃ of glue that following hydrolysis obtains, add described tensio-active agent of 0.1-0.5 weight part and the described auxiliary agent of 3.0-30.0 weight part, this mixture violent stirring mixing reaches 30-60 minute.
(2) the described nitrogen synergistic agent of 5.0-35.0 weight part is mixed with described mineral acid of 2.0-3.0 weight part or organic acid, again with mineral acid or mineral alkali with the pH regulator of this mixture to 3-5, then at temperature of reaction 65-100 ℃ of following stirring reaction 20-50 minute.
(3) mixture that obtains of mixture that step (1) is obtained and step (2) mixes and reaches 30-60 minute, obtains a kind of filtrate after the product that obtains removes the gred after filtration.
(4) filtrate that step (3) is obtained and the described solidifying agent thorough mixing of 1.0-5.0 weight part promptly obtain described fertilizer coating composition.
Preferably, the manufacture method of described fertilizer coating composition may further comprise the steps:
(1) toward the described natural and/or synthetic colloid of 12.0-26.5 weight part and 18-56 parts by weight solvent mixture in the temperature 40-100 ℃ of glue that following hydrolysis obtains, add described tensio-active agent of 0.15-0.4 weight part and the described auxiliary agent of 6.0-18.0 weight part, this mixture violent stirring mixing reaches 40-55 minute.
(2) the described nitrogen synergistic agent of 12.0-28.0 weight part is mixed with described mineral acid of 2.0-3.0 weight part or organic acid, again with mineral acid or mineral alkali with the pH regulator of this mixture to 3-5, be 75-95 ℃ of following stirring reaction 30-50 minute in temperature of reaction then.
(3) mixture that obtains of mixture that step (1) is obtained and step (2) mixes and reaches 40-60 minute, and the product that obtains obtains filtrate after removing the gred after filtration.
(4) filtrate that step (3) is obtained and the described solidifying agent thorough mixing of 2.0-4.5 weight part promptly obtain described fertilizer coating composition.
We describe now with above-mentioned fertilizer coating composition is the polynary coated compound fertilizer material of coating.
This polynary coated compound fertilizer material contains in coated compound fertilizer material gross weight, 8-20 weight % humic acids and/or zeolite, and the described fertilizer coating composition of 0.5-5.0 weight %, surplus is a mineral manure.
Preferably, this fertilizer contains in coated compound fertilizer material gross weight, 9-15 weight % humic acids and/or zeolite, and the described fertilizer coating composition of 0.6-4.0 weight %, surplus is a mineral manure.
More preferably, this fertilizer contains in coated compound fertilizer material gross weight, 10-12 weight % humic acids and/or zeolite, and the described fertilizer coating composition of 0.6-3.5 weight %, surplus is a mineral manure.
The zeolite that contains in polynary coated compound fertilizer material is one or more zeolites that are selected from sepiolite, mordenite, A type zeolite, y-type zeolite and/or X type zeolite.
Preferably, the zeolite that contains of this fertilizer is one or more zeolites that are selected from sepiolite, mordenite and/or X type zeolite.
The mineral manure that contains in polynary coated compound fertilizer material is one or more fertilizer that are selected from urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, Repone K, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sal epsom, boric acid, Sodium Tetraborate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and/or rare earth nitrate.According to all multifactor selection fertilizer varieties and content ranges thereof such as soil regime, weather condition, crop varieties, cultivating methods, these all are that those skilled in the art know.
In polynary coated compound fertilizer material, the fertilizer coating composition is made up of the agent of 5.0-35.0 weight part coating, 1.0-5.0 weight part solidifying agent, 5.0-35.0 weight part nitrogen synergistic agent, 2.0-3.0 weight part mineral acid or organic acid, 0.1-0.5 weight part tensio-active agent and 3.0-30.0 weight part auxiliary agent.
This coating agent is selected from foregoing natural and/or synthetic colloid.
Described solidifying agent is selected from foregoing low grade aldehyde or divalent-metal ion salt.
This nitrogen stabilizer is selected from urease inhibitor and/or the nitrification inhibitor of having described the front.
Described mineral acid is selected from normally used acid in the foregoing fertilizer industry, and described organic acid is selected from C
2-C
20The organic acid of lipid acid.
This tensio-active agent is selected from aniorfic surfactant, cationic surfactant, nonionic surface active agent and/or the amphoteric ionic surfactant of having described in detail the front.
Natural or synthetic inorganic materials or organic materials that this auxiliary agent has illustrated in being selected from front.
The manufacture method of above-mentioned polynary coated compound fertilizer material will be described below.
This method comprises the steps:
(1) humic acids and/or natural zeolite and mineral manure are mixed, the gained mixture carries out granulation, makes granular mixture.
(2) adopt method well known in the prior art that described fertilizer coating composition is coated on step (1) the resulting granules shape mixture.
(3) cooling scribbles the particle of fertilizer coating composition, just obtains described polynary coated compound fertilizer material after the curing.
Humic acids that uses in the above-mentioned steps and/or natural zeolite consumption are to count 8.0-20.0 weight % with coated compound fertilizer material gross weight; Described fertilizer coating composition consumption is 0.5-1.2 weight %, and surplus is a mineral manure.
The humic acid material that this method is selected for use contains humic acids＞30 weight %, ash＜30 weight %, organic matter＞40 weight %, and granularity is less than 80 orders.Particularly, humic acids can be the humic acids that extracts from mud coal, brown coal, weathered coal.
The zeolite that this method is selected for use can be a natural zeolite, as zeolite, and molecular sieve.Preferably, select Na-Type Mordenit, sepiolite for use, zeolite particle size can be the 80-200 order.
Coating process can be selected from the technology of chemical principle film forming, physical method freezing film or theory of machines coating, and these coating processes are known in the prior art, and report is all arranged in many publications.
[positively effect]:
1, a large amount of pot experiments prove, the fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency that adopts fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency that the inventive method obtains to handle than coating not improves 6-10 percentage point, during identical crop yield, can save fertilizer 15-45%.
2, with than the fertilizer of not coating processing compare, the fertilizer efficiency period of fertilizer of the present invention obviously prolongs, and fertilizer efficiency period can reach 60-120 days, therefore, muptiple-use fertilising of a season can be become single fertilization.Like this, not only reduce rural labor intensity, but also reduced production cost.
3, fertilizer of the present invention can apply synchronously with seed, does not burn seedling, therefore, can carry out mechanized operation.
4, fertilizer of the present invention has increased multiple functional mass, and balanced for fertile, the water conservation drought resisting strengthens crop anti-adversity, improves the crop and fruit quality.
6, production process of the present invention is pollution-free, also obviously reduces Dust Capacity and ammonia volatilization amount.
[embodiment]
In order to understand the present invention better, the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
At first make the fertilizer coating composition.Its preparation process is as follows:
The mixture of (1) 5 weight part gelatin and 55 weight parts waters, dissolved 1.5 hours down at temperature 70-75 ℃, obtain a kind of glue, add 0.5 weight part octadecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 3.0 weight part silicon-dioxide and 12 weight part talcum powder toward this glue again, continue violent stirring 40 minutes, and can obtain uniform mixture.
(2) 5 weight part thiocarbamides, 4.0 weight part boraxs, 4.0 parts of zinc sulfate, 5.0 parts of ferrous sulfate mix with 2.0 weight part manganous sulfates, add water then and make saturated solution, add 2.0 weight part citric acids again and mix, and obtain uniform mixture.
(3) mixture that step (1) is obtained joins in the resulting mixture of step (2), mixed 30 minutes, again with the pH regulator to 3.5 of citric acid with this mixture, and then stirring reaction 35 minutes, obtain a kind of uniform mixture, obtain a kind of filtrate behind the filter cleaner.
(4) filtrate that step (3) is obtained and 4 weight part concentrated formaldehyde solution mix, so obtain described fertilizer coating composition.
The polynary coated compound fertilizer material that uses above-mentioned fertilizer coating composition to make is described now.
10 weight part granularities mix less than 80 purpose zeolites and 89 parts of 15-15-15 composite fertilizers, and the gained mixture adopts the disk comminution granulation to carry out granulation, makes particulate state, screening then, and the particle of choosing granularity and be the 1-4 millimeter is standby.
The prepared fertilizer coating composition sprayed in front is coated on the resulting fertiliser granulates, its fertilizer coating amount of composition is 1 weight part again.
Then, cooling scribbles the fertiliser granulates of fertilizer coating composition, just obtains described coated compound fertilizer material after the curing.
The solubility test of fertilizer carries out according to following steps: at first, accurately pipette a certain amount of deionized water, put into the ground triangular flask of band bottle stopper, cover bottle stopper, this bottle is transferred in the water bath with thermostatic control, bath temperature is regulated and is controlled at 25 ± 1 ℃.When treating that water temperature continues to have in the bottle, the coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer that takes by weighing the present embodiment preparation of certainweight puts into bottle.
Meanwhile, the 15-15-15 composite fertilizer of last coating with above-mentioned identical condition under carried out solubility test.
Concrete test conditions is as follows: 1 liter of deionized water, and composite fertilizer's 2 grams, temperature regulation also is controlled at 25 ± 1 ℃.This test-results shows, the dissolution time of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer is 3.0 times of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer not.
Embodiment 2
At first make the fertilizer coating composition.Its preparation process is as follows:
(1) under 95 ℃ of temperature 5 weight account polyethylene alcohol are dissolved in 56 weight parts waters, obtain a kind of glue, add 0.5 weight part Sodium hexametaphosphate 99 (10 weight %) toward this glue again, violent stirring can obtain uniform mixture.
(2) 5 weight parts water glass (modulus 3) are regulated its pH 10.0-11.0 with dilute phosphoric acid, and violent stirring obtains uniform mixture.
(3) mixture that step (1) is obtained joins in the resulting mixture of step (2), mixes 30 minutes, adds 12 weight part light calcium carbonates, 10 parts of talcum powder again, and high-speed stirring obtains a kind of uniform mixture.
(4) filtrate that step (3) is obtained and 7 weight part calcium chloride (10 weight %) solution mixes, so obtain described fertilizer coating composition.
The polynary coated compound fertilizer material that uses above-mentioned fertilizer coating composition to make is described now.
10 weight part granularities mix less than 80 purpose zeolites and 89 parts of 15-15-15 composite fertilizers, and the gained mixture adopts the disk comminution granulation to carry out granulation, makes particulate state, screening then, and the particle of choosing granularity and be the 1-4 millimeter is standby.
The prepared fertilizer coating composition sprayed in front is coated on the resulting fertiliser granulates, its fertilizer coating amount of composition is 2 weight parts again.
Then, cooling scribbles the fertiliser granulates of fertilizer coating composition, just obtains described coated compound fertilizer material after the curing.
This fertilizer solubility test carries out according to the solubility test mode of embodiment 1 fully.
These test-results show, the dissolution time of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer is 3.4 times of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer not.
Embodiment 3
At first make the fertilizer coating composition.Its preparation process is as follows:
(1) under 85 ℃ of temperature, 35 weight part hardened fats is dissolved in 60 weight parts waters, obtains a kind of mixture solution.
(2) add 0.5 weight part tween 80 emulsifying agent in the mixture solution of step (1), high-speed stirring makes it emulsification, adds 10 weight part Dyhard RU 100s again, stirs to obtain uniform mixture in 40 minutes.
(3) mixture that step (1) is obtained joins in the resulting mixture of step (2), mixes 30 minutes, adds 10 weight part kaolin and 10 weight part talcum powder again, and high-speed stirring obtains a kind of uniform mixture, obtains filtrate after filtration.
(4) filtrate that step (3) is obtained and 10 weight part calcium chloride (10 weight %) solution mixes, so obtain described fertilizer coating composition.
The polynary coated compound fertilizer material that uses above-mentioned fertilizer coating composition to make is described now.
10 weight part granularities mix less than 80 purpose humic acidss and 89 parts of 15-15-15 composite fertilizers, and the gained mixture adopts the disk comminution granulation to carry out granulation, makes particulate state, screening then, and the particle of choosing granularity and be the 1-4 millimeter is standby.
The prepared fertilizer coating composition sprayed in front is coated on the resulting fertiliser granulates, its fertilizer coating amount of composition is 0.5 weight part again.
Then, cooling scribbles the fertiliser granulates of fertilizer coating composition, just obtains described coated compound fertilizer material after the curing.
This fertilizer solubility test carries out according to the solubility test mode of embodiment 1 fully.
Concrete test conditions is as follows: 1 liter of deionized water, and composite fertilizer's 2 grams, temperature regulation also is controlled at 25 ± 1 ℃.These test-results show, the dissolution time of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer is 4.5 times of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer not.
Embodiment 4
At first make the fertilizer coating composition.Its preparation process is as follows:
(1) under 40 ℃ of temperature, 3 weight part sodium alginates is dissolved in 100 weight parts waters, obtains a kind of viscous solution.
(2) add 0.5 weight part Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate emulsifying agent in the solution of step (1), high-speed stirring makes it emulsification, adds 10 weight part quinhydrones again, stirs to obtain uniform mixture in 40 minutes.
(3) solution that step (1) is obtained joins in the resulting mixture of step (2), mixes 30 minutes, adds 10 weight part starch again, and high-speed stirring obtains a kind of uniform mixture.
(4) mixture that step (3) is obtained and 10 weight part calcium chloride (10 weight %) solution mixes, so obtain described fertilizer coating composition.
The polynary coated compound fertilizer material that uses above-mentioned fertilizer coating composition to make is described now.
10 weight part granularities mix less than 80 purpose humic acidss and 89 parts of 15-15-15 composite fertilizers, and the gained mixture adopts the disk comminution granulation to carry out granulation, makes particulate state, screening then, and the particle of choosing granularity and be the 1-4 millimeter is standby.
The prepared fertilizer coating composition sprayed in front is coated on the resulting fertiliser granulates, its fertilizer coating amount of composition is 2.5 weight parts again.
Then, cooling scribbles the fertiliser granulates of fertilizer coating composition, just obtains described coated compound fertilizer material after the curing.
This fertilizer solubility test carries out according to the solubility test mode of embodiment 1 fully.
Concrete test conditions is as follows: 1 liter of deionized water, and composite fertilizer's 2 grams, temperature regulation also is controlled at 25 ± 1 ℃.These test-results show, the dissolution time of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer is 2.5 times of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer not.
Embodiment 5
At first make the fertilizer coating composition.Its preparation process is as follows:
(1) under 40 ℃ of temperature, 5 weight part gelatin and 5 weight part sodium alginates are dissolved in respectively obtain two kinds of solution in 60 weight parts waters, two kinds of solution violent stirring mixings obtain a kind of solution.
(2) add 0.5 weight part Sodium hexametaphosphate 99 emulsifying agent in the solution of step (1), high-speed stirring makes it emulsification, adds 8 weight part boric acid again, stirs to obtain uniform mixture in 40 minutes.
(3) solution that step (1) is obtained joins in the resulting mixture of step (2), mixes 30 minutes, adds 10 weight part silicon-dioxide again, and high-speed stirring obtains a kind of uniform mixture.
(4) mixture that obtains of step (3) is regulated its pH4.5 with 30% dilute sulphuric acid, so obtain described fertilizer coating composition.
The polynary coated compound fertilizer material that uses above-mentioned fertilizer coating composition to make is described now.
10 weight part granularities mix less than 80 purpose humic acidss and 89 parts of 15-15-15 composite fertilizers, and the gained mixture adopts the disk comminution granulation to carry out granulation, makes particulate state, screening then, and the particle of choosing granularity and be the 1-4 millimeter is standby.
The prepared fertilizer coating composition sprayed in front is coated on the resulting fertiliser granulates, its fertilizer coating amount of composition is 4.2 weight parts again.
Then, cooling scribbles the fertiliser granulates of fertilizer coating composition, just obtains described coated compound fertilizer material after the curing.
This fertilizer solubility test carries out according to the solubility test mode of embodiment 1 fully.
Concrete test conditions is as follows: 1 liter of deionized water, and composite fertilizer's 2 grams, temperature regulation also is controlled at 25 ± 1 ℃.These test-results show, the dissolution time of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer is 5 times of coating 15-15-15 composite fertilizer not.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of fertilizer coating composition is characterized in that said composition is made up of following component in weight part:
5.0-35.0 part coating agent
1.0-5.0 part solidifying agent
5.0-35.0 part nitrogen synergistic agent
2.0-3.0 part mineral acid or organic acid
0.1-0.5 part tensio-active agent
3.0-30.0 part auxiliary agent
Described coating agent is one or more natural and/or synthetic colloids that are selected from gelatin, gelatine, gelatin, gum arabic, pectin, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate-phthalate, calcium stearate, hardened fat, dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, wax, Vaseline and/or silicate solutions;
Described solidifying agent is that one or more are selected from the low grade aldehyde of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, copper sulfate, alum, tschermigite, potassium alum, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate or sal epsom or the solidifying agent of divalent-metal ion salt;
Described nitrogen synergistic agent is selected from urease inhibitor and/or nitrification inhibitor; Described urease inhibitor is one or more urease inhibitors that are selected from boric acid or borax, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, rare earth nitrate, diaminobenzene phosphoric acid salt, dihydric phenol and/or quinhydrones; Described nitrification inhibitor is one or more nitrification inhibitors that are selected from Dyhard RU 100, thiocarbamide, miaow base thiocarbamide, 2-amino-4-chloromethyl pyrimidine, Sulphathiazole, whiteruss and/or 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethane) pyridine;
Described mineral acid is that one or more are selected from normally used acid in the fertilizer industry of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid; Described organic acid is that one or more are selected from xitix, citric acid, Whitfield's ointment or stearic C
2-C
20Lipid acid;
Described tensio-active agent is selected from aniorfic surfactant, cationic surfactant, nonionic surface active agent and/or amphoteric ionic surfactant; Described aniorfic surfactant is selected from soap, alkyl-sulphate and/or glycerine mono fatty acid vitriol; Described cationic surfactant be selected from amido amine, halogenation pyridines and/the fatty alkyl quaternary amines; Described nonionic surface active agent is selected from sorbitan fatty acid ester, cithrol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester derivative and/or Polyoxyethylene Sorbitol Fatty Acid Esters; Described amphoteric ionic surfactant is selected from imdazole derivatives, betaines and/or amino acids;
Described auxiliary agent is one or more natural or synthetic inorganic material and/or natural or synthetic organic materials of being selected from silicon-dioxide, talcum powder, kaolin, terra alba, Sodium hexametaphosphate 99, urea, methyl alcohol, ethanol, starch and/or inorganic pigment powder.
2, fertilizer coating composition according to claim 1 is characterized in that said composition is made up of following component in weight part:
12.0-26.5 part coating agent
2.0-4.5 part solidifying agent
12.0-28.0 part nitrogen synergistic agent
2.0-3.0 part mineral acid or organic acid
0.15-0.4 part tensio-active agent
6.0-18.0 part auxiliary agent.
3,, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps according to the manufacture method of fertilizer coating composition described in claim 1 or 2:
(1) one or more are selected from gelatin toward the 5.0-35 weight part, gelatine, gelatin, gum arabic, pectin, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate-phthalate, calcium stearate, hardened fat, dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, wax, natural and/or the synthetic colloid of Vaseline and/or silicate solutions and the mixture of 12-60 parts by weight solvent are in the temperature 40-100 ℃ of glue that dissolving obtains down, one or more are selected from aniorfic surfactant to add the 0.1-0.5 weight part, cationic surfactant, the tensio-active agent of nonionic surface active agent and/or amphoteric ionic surfactant, described aniorfic surfactant is selected from soap, alkyl-sulphate and/or glycerine mono fatty acid vitriol; Described cationic surfactant be selected from amido amine, halogenation pyridines and/the fatty alkyl quaternary amines; Described nonionic surface active agent is selected from sorbitan fatty acid ester, cithrol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester derivative and/or Polyoxyethylene Sorbitol Fatty Acid Esters; Described amphoteric ionic surfactant is selected from imdazole derivatives, betaines and/or amino acids, with the described auxiliary agent of 3.0-30.0 weight part, it is one or more natural or synthetic inorganic material and/or natural or synthetic organic materials of being selected from silicon-dioxide, talcum powder, kaolin, terra alba, Sodium hexametaphosphate 99, urea, methyl alcohol, ethanol, starch and/or inorganic pigment powder, then, this mixture violent stirring mixing reaches 30-60 minute;
(2) with the described nitrogen stabilizer of 5.0-35.0 weight part, it is that one or more are selected from boric acid or borax, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, rare earth nitrate, diaminobenzene phosphoric acid salt, the urease inhibitor of dihydric phenol and/or quinhydrones and/or one or more are selected from Dyhard RU 100, thiocarbamide, miaow base thiocarbamide, 2-amino-4-chloromethyl pyrimidine, Sulphathiazole, whiteruss and/or 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethane) pyridine nitrification inhibitor, one or more are selected from sulfuric acid with the 2.0-3.0 weight part, hydrochloric acid, the normally used acid in fertilizer industry of phosphoric acid or nitric acid or one or more are selected from xitix, citric acid, Whitfield's ointment or stearic C
2-C
20Lipid acid mixes, again with mineral acid or mineral alkali with the pH regulator of this mixture to 3-5, be 65-100 ℃ of following stirring reaction 20-50 minute in temperature of reaction then;
(3) mixture that obtains of mixture that step (1) is obtained and step (2) mixes and reaches 30-60 minute, and the product that obtains obtains filtrate after removing the gred after filtration;
(4) filtrate that step (3) is obtained and 1.0-5.0 weight part one or more be selected from the low grade aldehyde of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, copper sulfate, alum, tschermigite, potassium alum, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate or sal epsom or the solidifying agent thorough mixing of divalent-metal ion salt, promptly obtain described fertilizer coating composition.
4, a kind of polynary coated compound fertilizer material is characterized in that this fertilizer is by being that mineral manure is formed in coated compound fertilizer material gross weight 8-20 weight % humic acids and/or zeolite, 0.5-5.0 weight % fertilizer coating composition, surplus;
Described zeolite is one or more zeolites that are selected from sepiolite, mordenite, A type zeolite, y-type zeolite and/or X type zeolite;
Described mineral manure is one or more fertilizer that are selected from urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, Repone K, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sal epsom, boric acid, Sodium Tetraborate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate and/or rare earth nitrate.
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| CNB031094031A CN1247490C (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2003-04-09 | Fertilizer coating composite, its making method and multicomponent coated granular fertilizer |
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| CN1247490C true CN1247490C (en) | 2006-03-29 |
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| CN102863275A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-09 | 乔保军 | Sustained or controlled-release potash fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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