CN1245839C - 分散式视频数据流解码方法 - Google Patents

分散式视频数据流解码方法 Download PDF

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CN1245839C
CN1245839C CNB011200227A CN01120022A CN1245839C CN 1245839 C CN1245839 C CN 1245839C CN B011200227 A CNB011200227 A CN B011200227A CN 01120022 A CN01120022 A CN 01120022A CN 1245839 C CN1245839 C CN 1245839C
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李钊城
江金原
吴富政
邱永丰
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Xia Hou Holdings Limited
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    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/12Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
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    • H04N19/169Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/174Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a slice, e.g. a line of blocks or a group of blocks
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • HELECTRICITY
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Abstract

本发明提出一种分散式视频数据流解码方法,是以中央处理器执行解码软件构成的辅助解码器来支援由硬件构成的主要解码器的解码动作,借以加速整体的解码效率;该解码方法包含下列步骤:读取图像,以软件读取视频数据流的图像;分割图像,以软件将图像分割成复数个区段封包;分离区段,以软件将区段封包分离成个别的区段,并在辅助解码器等待时,传送一区段至辅助解码器,且在主要解码器的区段伫列长度小于一预设值时,传送至少一区段至主要解码器;以及,解码步骤,辅助解码器将所接收的区段进行解码,以及主要解码器将所接收的区段进行解码。

Description

分散式视频数据流解码方法
技术领域
本发明涉及计算机解码技术,尤其是关于利用辅助解码器分散主要解码器的工作量的一种分散式视频数据流解码系统与方法。
背景技术
图1所示为MPEG(Motion Picture Experts Group)系统解码架构图。MPEG系统数据流输入系统解码器100之后,被分解成三组数据,即视频数据流、音频数据流、以及时序数据。视频数据流被送至视频解码器110,并经由该视频解码器110解压缩成解压缩视频数据。音频数据流被送至音频解码器120,并经由该音频解码器120解压缩成解压缩音频数据。而视频解码器110与音频解码器120是根据时序数据来进行同步控制。
图2显示视频数据流序列的组成架构。视频数据流序列是由复数组图像群组所构成,而每个图像群组包含I、P、B、B、P、B、B等数张图像(Picture),其中I为内部图像(Intra-picture)、P为预测的内部图像(Intra-fram ePredicted picture)、而B为双向预测的图像(Bi-directional Predictedpicture)。每个图像130包含复数组区段(slice)140,而每个区段140是由复数个巨集区块(Macro-Block)150所组成。且每个巨集区块150由4个8*8像素的区块所构成。根据MPEG规格,若I、P、B图像显示的顺序为I(1)、B(2)、B(3)、P(4)、B(5)、B(6)、P(7),则视频数据流对于I、P、B图像的顺序为I(1)、P(4)、B(2)、B(3)、P(7)、B(5)、B(6)。
由于中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit,CPU)的运算速度正在快速的进步,预计今年CPU的运算速度可超过1.5GHZ。但是,一般硬件(H/W)MPEG的解码速度有限,若只用硬件MPEG执行MPEG的解码工作,则CPU等待(Id1e)的比例会越来越高。
发明内容
有鉴于上述问题,本发明的目的是提出一种以中央处理器执行解码软件来支援主要硬件解码器的分散式视频数据流解码方法。
本发明的另一目的是提出一种以辅助硬件处理器来支援主要硬件解码器的分散式视频数据流解码方法。
为达成上述目的,本发明提出一种分散式视频数据流解码方法,以中央处理器执行解码软件构成的辅助解码器来支援由硬件构成的主要解码器的解码动作,借以加速整体的解码效率,该解码方法包含下列步骤:计算解码速度比例,是计算前述辅助解码器与前述主要解码器对于图像的I、P与B的解码速度比例;调整解码速度比例,根据前述辅助解码器的解码速度变化,调整前述辅助解码器与前述主要解码器对于图像的I、P与B的解码速度比例;读取图像,读取视频数据流的图像;分割图像,将前述图像分割成复数个区段封包;分离区段,将前述区段封包分离成个别的区段,并根据前述调整的解码速度比例将各区段传送至前述辅助解码器或前述主要解码器;以及解码步骤,前述辅助解码器将所接收的区段进行解码,以及前述主要解码器将所接收的区段进行解码。
本发明的分散式视频数据流解码方法,以辅助解码器来支援由硬件构成的主要解码器的解码动作,可以加速整体的解码效率。
附图说明
图1所示为MPEG系统解码架构图;
图2显示视频数据流序列的组成架构;
图3为本发明分散式视频数据流解码系统的架构图;
图4为区段封包的架构图;
图5为本发明分散式视频数据流解码系统的区段分配流程图的第一实施例;
图6为本发明分散式视频数据流解码系统的区段分配流程图的第二实施例。
图中元件参数说明:
10  主要MPEG解码器            20  辅助MPEG解码器
30  视频数据流                40  图像解码器
50  区段分离器                60  视频帧
具体实施方式
图3为本发明分散式视频数据流解码系统的架构图。如该图所示,分散式视频数据流解码系统1具有两个区段解码器Dmaster与Dsec,其中Dmaster为主要MPEG解码器10,并以硬件实施,而Dsec为辅助MPEG解码器20,可以软件或简单的硬件实施。该数据流解码系统1读取视频数据流30后,该视频数据流30经过图像解码器(Picture decoder)40产生区段封包(slicepackage)并传至区段分离器(Slice dispatcher)50。区段分离器50将区段封包的每个区段分离,并根据控制将每个区段传给主要MPEG解码器10或辅助MPEG解码器20。经过主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20所产生的解压缩视频数据被存储至视频帧存储器60。上述视频数据流30的读取、图像解码器40、以及区段分离器50是由电脑的软件控制,且由电脑的CPU执行。
辅助MPEG解码器20是以CPU执行解码软件来处理解码前置工作,包括以可变长度解码(Variable Length Decoding,VLD)离散(parsing)压缩的视频数据流、执行已解码参数(decoded coefficients)的反向量化(Inverse quantization,IQ)、以及执行反相离散余弦变换(InVerseDiscrete Cosine Transform,IDCT),并将结果存储至运动补偿伫列。之后,可借由简单的硬件或是仍由软件执行运动补偿的工作,并将解压缩视频数据存储至视频帧存储器60。而主要MPEG解码器10为一般现有技术的MPEG解码器,亦将解压缩视频数据存储至视频帧存储器60。由于主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20是以平行方式处理各区段的解码工作,因此可有效利用CPU高速运算的优点来支援主要MPEG解码器10的解码工作。且,辅助MPEG解码器20可利用电脑的CPU资源来达成,或以简单的硬件来实施,故可减轻主要MPEG解码器10的负担,并提高整体解码效率。
图4显示区段封包的架构。如图所示,区段封包由一图像标头(Picturehead)以及复数个区段所构成。由于图像标头的数据量较大,若由图像解码器40直接将该图像标头配置在每个区段,将造成处理上的困难,且占用较大的存储器容量。因此,本发明在图像解码器40时以区段封包的架构来配置图像标头,并于区段分离器50时才将图像标头配置于每个区段,并传至区段解码器。
图5显示本发明分散式视频数据流解码系统的区段分配的控制流程图的第一实施例。如图所示,本发明分散式视频数据流解码系统的区段分配的执行步骤如下:
步骤S502:由电脑读取一编码的图像;
步骤S504:将该编码的图像解码成区段封包;
步骤S506:从DMA暂存器(DMA shadowed register)读取主要MPEG解码器10的伫列长度L;
步骤S508:比较伫列长度L是否小于一预设值N,若伫列长度L小于预设值N,则跳至步骤S510,否则跳至步骤S512;
步骤S510:输入一区段至主要MPEG解码器10的区段伫列,并由该主要MPEG解码器10执行区段伫列的区段封包的解码工作,并跳至步骤S516;
步骤S512:检测辅助MPEG解码器20是否为等待状态,若为等待状态,则跳至步骤S514,否则跳至步骤S516;
步骤S514:输入一区段至辅助MPEG解码器20,并跳至步骤S516;
步骤S516:检测该图像是否处理完毕,若尚未处理完毕,则跳至步骤S506,若已处理完毕,则结束。
图6显示本发明分散式视频数据流解码系统的区段分配的控制流程图的第二实施例。如该图所示,本发明分散式视频数据流解码系统的区段分配的执行步骤如下:
步骤S602:分别计算主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20对于I、P、B图像的解码速度比例;
步骤S604:由电脑读取一编码的图像;
步骤S606:将该编码的图像解码成区段封包;
步骤S608:将分离的区段数据,根据主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20对于I、P、B图像的解码速度比例,分配给主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20;
步骤S610:根据辅助MPEG解码器20对于I、P、B图像的解码速度变化,重新计算主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20对于I、P、B图像的解码速度比例;
步骤S616:检测该图像是否处理完毕,若尚未处理完毕,则跳至步骤S606,若已处理完毕,则结束.
计算主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20的解码速度比例的方法分两个阶段。第一是分别计算主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20对于预先准备的I、P、B图像解码所花费的时间TI1、TI2、TB1、TB2、TP1、TP2。第二计算主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20的解码速度比例:RI=TT1/(TI1+TI2)、RB=TB1/(TB1+TB2)及RP=TP1/(TP1+TP2)。因此,分配区段时,即可根据解码速度比例RI、RB、RP分配不同区段数量给主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20。由于主机不仅执行该解码工作,亦可能执行其他程序,所以为了避免分配不均,在步骤S610重新计算主要MPEG解码器10与辅助MPEG解码器20对于I、P、B图像的解码速度比例。如此,可动态调整解码速度比例,使区段的分配最佳化。
图5与图6所示的流程图是以软件控制每个图像的区段该分配给主要MPEG解码器10或辅助MPEG解码器20。在分配的同时,主要MPEG解码器10或辅助MPEG解码器20同时持续进行解码的动作。
以上虽以实施例说明本发明,但并不因此限定本发明的范围,只要不脱离本发明的要旨,该行业者可进行各种变形或变更。

Claims (4)

1.一种分散式视频数据流解码方法,其特征是:以中央处理器执行解码软件构成的辅助解码器来支援由硬件构成的主要解码器的解码动作,借以加速整体的解码效率,该解码方法包含下列步骤:
计算解码速度比例,是计算前述辅助解码器与前述主要解码器对于图像的I、P与B的解码速度比例;
调整解码速度比例,根据前述辅助解码器的解码速度变化,调整前述辅助解码器与前述主要解码器对于图像的I、P与B的解码速度比例;
读取图像,读取视频数据流的图像;
分割图像,将前述图像分割成复数个区段封包;
分离区段,将前述区段封包分离成个别的区段,并根据前述调整的解码速度比例将各区段传送至前述辅助解码器或前述主要解码器;以及
解码步骤,前述辅助解码器将所接收的区段进行解码,以及前述主要解码器将所接收的区段进行解码。
2.根据权利要求1所记载的分散式视频数据流解码方法,其特征是:其中前述计算解码速度比例的步骤为:
分别计算主要解码器与辅助解码器对于预先准备的I、P、B图像解码所花费的时间TI1、TI2、TB1、TB2、TP1、TP2;以及
计算主要解码器与辅助解码器的解码速度比例RT=TI1/(TI1+TI2)、RB=TB1/(TB1+TB2)及RP=TP1/(TP1+TP2);
其中TI1、TI2是主要解码器与辅助解码器对预先准备的I图像所花费的时间、TP1、TP2是主要解码器与辅助解码器对预先准备的P图像所花费的时间、TB1、TB2是主要解码器与辅助解码器对预先准备的B图像所花费的时间、RI是主要解码器与辅助解码器对I图像解码速度的比例、RB是主要解码器与辅助解码器对B图像解码速度的比例、RP是主要解码器与辅助解码器对P图像解码速度的比例。
3.根据权利要求2所记载的分散式视频数据流解码方法,其特征是:其中前述辅助解码器的解码步骤是执行可变长度解码离散压缩的视频数据流、执行已解码参数的反向量化、以及执行反向离散余弦变换,并将结果存储至一运动补偿伫列。
4.根据权利要求1至3所记载的分散式视频数据流解码方法,其特征是:前述解码过程中,还会根据所述辅助解码器的解码速度变化,重新计算所述主要解码器与辅助解码器的解码速度比例,来动态分配所述主要解码器与辅助解码器的工作量。
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