CN1240779A - Efficient multifunctional composite microbe fertilizer and its industrially preparing process - Google Patents

Abstract

An efficient multifunctional compound microbe fertilizer is prepared from well-known original bacteria including rhizobia (60-95%) and others (5-40%) such as azotobacterium and actinomycetes, matrix, and trace elements, as well as very less chemical mutagen. Different temp, pH values and conditions for fermentation and culture are used in multiplying the bacteria to generate dominant microbe colony. The rhizobia contained in said compound fertilizer can not be limited to particular host, so it is suitable for different crops.

Description

Efficient multifunctional composite microbe fertilizer and industrially preparing process thereof

The present invention relates to a kind of efficient multifunctional composite microbe fertilizer and industrially preparing process thereof.This composite microbe fertilizer belongs to universal microorganism fixed nitrogen fertilizer.

As everyone knows, the nitrogen element is one of three necessary big nutritive elements of crop growth.The root nodule bacterium of leguminous plants root can be converted into ammonia to airborne nitrogen, and are required for leguminous plants growth, and non-leguminous plant does not have this " fixed nitrogen " function.If non-leguminous plant, grass particularly, also has " fixed nitrogen " function as leguminous plants, being equivalent to every plant root all has the natural nitrogen fertilizer plant of oneself, supply plant growth required nutrient continuously, will change the situation of present world agriculture greatly, even cause a new Green Revolution.Therefore the biological nitrogen fixation Study on Technology is subjected to the attention that countries in the world double, and obtain progress in various degree in recent years, but aspect the technical study of non-leguminous plant fixed nitrogen, not seeing has breakthrough, and some progress are in the laboratory or the bench-scale testing stage.

The big 1991-1993 of China microorganism Chen Ting of man obtains significant effect of increasing production once the association nitrogen fixation Inoculant of a strain nitrogen-fixing rhizobia as non-leguminous crop wheat, corn, paddy rice, thinks that the main effect of this bacterium is fixed nitrogen and stimulates plant growth.Britain " New Scientist " weekly 1994.12.17 report " research group that is made up of Britain, Australia, China and Mexico scientist finds two bacterial strains (OR5571 and OR5310) of vinelandii; they can enter the root of cereal class, and beginning is converted into a kind of form that plant can utilize to the nitrogen in the atmosphere ....The research that enters crop root by the cracking to bacterial strain obtains this clue: perhaps also can invade non-pulse family effect with a kind of bacterium ... nitrogen fixation takes place with the standard method proof, but be not sure whether plant is benefited, they hold the prudent attitude to saving a plurality of nitrogenous fertilizer, and next stage is carried out field test " (seeing 1995.2.6 " Reference News ").

The manufacture method of tradition rhizobium inoculant adopts single culture more, and the range of application of the nitragin of making is quite single-minded, and for example soybean rhizobium inoculant, peanut rhizobium agent, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) nitragin are dressed seed before only being applicable to soybean, peanut and Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) sowing respectively.Traditional in other words root nodule bacterium are subjected to the restriction of host specificity.

The enrichment procedure of traditional both at home and abroad microbial fertilizer manufacturing processed bacterium, next breeds step by step at a certain rigid condition often to adopt the bacterial classification of single bacterial strain.This bacterial strain of coming out of cultivating under fixed fat city condition lacks competitive capacity, and difficult adaptation soil complicated and changeable is made substance environment.In it was manured into soil, surviving rate was very low, and its own existence is difficult to ensure, looks to them to make contributions tangible difficult for crop.

The objective of the invention is to make a kind of universal microorganism fixed nitrogen fertilizer; this seed manure can make a kind of root nodule bacterium (for example rihizobium japonicum) of leguminous crop not only play symbiotic nitrogen fixation on soybean; and can also be at various non-leguminous crops;, receive significant volume increase, fertile, the fertile ground of joint, improve the soil, improve quality of agricultural product, comprehensive effect such as preserve the ecological environment with playing the coordination nitrogen fixation on the cash crop such as thing and vegetables, cotton, tobacco, fruit, flowers, trees such as grains such as paddy rice, wheat, corns.

The concrete technical scheme of implementing universal microorganism fixed nitrogen fertilizer of the present invention is as described below: this fertilizer adds multiple micro element by known original strain and matrix and forms, used bacterial classification is based on the root nodule root, other mushroom is the composite bacteria of assisting, promptly undertaken compound by two strains or the bacterium more than two strains, microbial population with the rational proportion composition, the root nodule bacterium composition accounts for 60-95% wherein (to contain hundred million/milliliter of effective viable count 20-100), other mushroom composition accounts for 5-40%, its proportioning depends primarily on crop varieties, factor such as edatope and fertilizer application condition, each component proportions is not unalterable, but statistics shows and is limited in the above-mentioned scope in practice.As the main body mushroom and be to be rihizobium japonicum, peanut, mung bean, Semen Ormosiae Hosiei, Striped Crotalaria Herb, cowpea rhizobium, rhizobium leguminosarum, rhizobium phaseoli or French beans root nodule bacterium from the symbiotic nitrogen fixation root nodule mushroom that leguminous crop extracts; As complementary mushroom can be azotobacter, actinomycetes, blue bacterium, bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering or endophyte; Can adopt peat soil (or being referred to as brown coal, mud coal, plaster or the peat composed of rotten mosses) sugar refinery sugar mud, sludge of sewage treatment plant, rivers,lakes and seas mud as the matrix that absorbs bacterium liquid, or in these matrix two or more mixed use; Contain the necessary various trace elements composition of plant-growth, its content range is as follows in PPM: lithium 0.05-10, boron 0.1-15, magnesium 5015, silicon 5-15, sulphur 10-30, calcium 30-100, titanium 0.1-3, iron 50-100, copper 5-15, selenium 0.1-3, molybdenum 0.5-5, thorium 0.05-5, beryllium 0.03-8, sodium 5-30, aluminium 0.5-5, phosphorus 0.5-5, potassium 5-30, vanadium 0.1-3, manganese 0.5-5, cobalt 0.1-3, zinc 10-30, zirconium 0.1-3, cerium 0.01-2, gold 0.01-0.03, these compositions can be by quantitatively adding the zeolite powder that one or more are mixed toward matrix, vermiculite power, the fine coal ashes, slag powders, smelt ground-slag, mineral compositions such as sepiolite powder, or the artificial solid chemical compound or the aqueous solution that past matrix adds the respective element composition obtain.The chemical mutagen that contains denier (0.5-10ppb) in this fertilizer, they are alkylating agent, base analogue and Y acridine compound, can select for use one or more to mix and use.In the ecotope of strain improvement and propagation whole process, adopt changeable temperature condition (temperature from 0 ℃ until 40 ℃), changeable soda acid becomes condition (meta-acid PH values 4.0-6.9, neutral medium pH value 7.0, until inclined to one side alkaline media pH value 7.1-10.0), closing anaerobic fermentation, the aerobe fermentation of holding concurrently combine with unlimited aerobic aeration, the bacterial classification single culture combines with mixed culture, even the solid fermentation cultivation combines with liquid fermentation and culture.So just can make wherein contained root nodule bacterium not be subjected to the restriction of host specificity, not only can infect various leguminous crops and play the nodulation and nitrogen fixation effect, and also can play the coordination nitrogen fixation various non-leguminous crops.

The form and the performance of the original strain that adopt in laboratory of the present invention all are the known mushrooms that can find in domestic and foreign literature or the textbook, and these original strains can extract seed selection from occurring in nature, use for producing; The bacteria culture medium that the present invention adopts also can arbitrarily be selected for use from the prescription of domestic and foreign literature record.

It is that main dominant strain cooperates other mushroom that contribution of the present invention is root nodule bacterium, be optimized combination, rational proportion, and these bacterial strains under complicated and changeable even " harsh ", unconventional ecological environmental condition, breed, preferably, strengthen, thereby turn out microorganism species with stronger vitality.Effect fertilizer enters in the edatope on the matrix when this microorganism species is absorbed in, just can show what one's be, between performance bacterium and the bacterium, between bacterium and the crop and " survival of the fittest effect " between bacterial strain and the soil, " mushroom common prosperity and nutrition regulation effect ", " fixed nitrogen and P and K decomposing effect ".The comprehensive effect of this bacterial manure is the performance of beneficial microorganism mass function, is that beneficial microorganism colony regulates the embodiment of plant rhizosphere environmental ecology equilibrated.

The industrially preparing process of composite microbe fertilizer of the present invention is as described below, but is not the restriction to the inventive method.

With a test tube slant soybean nodulation bacterial classification, be transferred to and be equipped with in the triangular flask of high-temperature sterilization liquid nutrient medium, carry out the enlarged culturing under the room temperature, use vibrator oxygenation, continuous oscillation 3 days is interrupted vibration 1 day, the failure of oscillations 3 days; Regulate the pH value with 30%NaOH solution and rare HCl, allow that the pH value fluctuates in the 4-10 scope, with a potassium bacterium and actinomycetes also as above method enlarged culturing, this just makes three kinds of bacterium enlarged culturing bacterium liquid, measures in the triangular flask viable bacteria concentration and puts into 0 ℃ of refrigerator and preserve standby.

Fill in the fermentor tank of high-temperature sterilization substratum enlarging the taking-up of bacterium liquid in the refrigerator, being transferred to, continuous aeration 5 days (vapour-liquid ratio 5: 1) was interrupted aeration one day, stopped aeration two days.Regulate the pH value with 30%NaOH solution and rare HCl, allow that the pH value fluctuates in the 4-10 scope; With cold water, steam regulator solution temperature, allow in the jar when viable bacteria concentration reaches hundred million/milliliter of 20-100, can put into 0 ℃ of refrigerator and store when producing bacterium liquid and use; Also the enlarged culturing liquid of various bacterium can be amplified in the fermentor tank in proportion, carry out mixed culture, temperature, pH value and oxygen supply condition are produced bacterium liquid thereby prepare as mentioned above.

According to root nodule bacterium: the potassium bacterium: 70: 20: 10 ratios of actinomycetes ≈, it is volume required to calculate various production bacterium liquid, emit certain volume produce bacterium liquid with through high temperature and high pressure steam (pressure 1.4-1.5 kg/cm ², temperature 121-130 ℃, constant temperature 1-2 hour) and the sterilization postcooling is to the matrix (dry in advance to water ratio≤15%, ball mill is crushed to 8% can pass through 80 sieve meshes) that is rich in organic matter and trace element of room temperature, absorbs above-mentioned production bacterium liquid.Its method be by solid, liquid two-phase in proportion (Gu: liquid=75～95: 2～25) mix; with rotation mixer stir (or continue by tablets press granulation); carry out quantitative packing and weigh, in the polythene film bag of the easy degraded of pack into airtight and lucifuge, just make this bacterial manure.

Above-mentioned mention form microorganism species with rational proportion, wherein the root nodule bacterium composition accounts for 60-95%, other mushroom composition accounts for 5-40%, and its proportioning depends primarily on factors such as crop varieties, edatope and fertilizer application condition, and each component proportions is not unalterable.For example, be used for the bacterial manure of beans, leaf vegetables plant, can suitably increase the ratio of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia; Be used for piece root class plant, can strengthen the content of phosphate solubilizing bacteria; For aquatic crops, can select for use blue bacterium to be auxiliary mushroom; For woody section plant, can select actinomycetes for use; Also should be according to each seed manure part of different soils and the rich scarce degree of trace element, the bacterial strain kind in the conversion bacterial manure, mutual ratio and micronutrient levels proportioning targetedly.Only in this way, just can accomplish on purpose composting and scientifically fertilising, get an expected result.

Composite microbe fertilizer of the present invention has multiple efficacies such as significant fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, stimulation plant growth, disease resistance, or to be used with chemical fertilizer, fertilizer, saving chemical fertilizer, applications of pesticide amount can reach 30-50%.In addition, various staple crops and cash crop are had remarkable effect of increasing production, the volume increase width of cloth produces generally at 5-50%, indivedual crops even reach 100-200%.For example paddy rice, corn, wheat increase yield 5-20%, beans volume increase 10-30%, vegetables volume increase 20-50%, sugarcane production-increasing 10-30%, cotton volume increase 10-30%, tobacco leaf volume increase 20-40%, fruit volume increase 10-30%, tealeaves volume increase 10-30%, Chinese medicinal materials volume increase 10-20%, herbage, forest volume increase 10-30%.

Claims (5)

1. an efficient multifunctional composite microbe fertilizer is made up of known original strain and matrix adding various trace elements, it is characterized in that, used bacterial classification is based on root nodule bacterium, other mushroom is the composite bacteria of assisting, the i.e. microbial population of forming by two strains or the bacterium more than two strains, wherein the root nodule bacterium composition accounts for 60-95%, other mushroom composition accounts for 5-40%, as the main body mushroom and be that the symbiotic nitrogen fixation utmost point knurl mushroom that extracts from leguminous crop can be a rihizobium japonicum, peanut, mung bean, Semen Ormosiae Hosiei, Striped Crotalaria Herb, cowpea rhizobium, rhizobium leguminosarum, rhizobium phaseoli or French beans root nodule bacterium; As complementary mushroom can be azotobacter, actinomycetes, blue bacterium, bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering or endophyte; Can adopt peat soil (or being referred to as brown coal, mud coal, peat or the peat composed of rotten mosses), sugar refinery's sugar mud, sludge of sewage treatment plant, rivers,lakes and seas mud as the matrix that absorbs bacterium liquid, or in these matrix two or more mixed use; Contain the necessary various trace elements composition of plant-growth, its content range is as follows in PPM: lithium 0.05-10, boron 0.1-15, magnesium 5015, silicon 5-15, sulphur 10-30, calcium 30-100, titanium 0.1-3, iron 50-100, copper 5-15, selenium 0.1-3, molybdenum 0.5-5, thorium 0.05-5, beryllium 0.03-8, sodium 5-30, aluminium 0.5-5, phosphorus 0.5-5, potassium 5-30, vanadium 0.1-3, manganese 0.5-5, cobalt 0.1-3, zinc 10-30, zirconium 0.1-3, cerium 0.01-2, gold 0.01-0.03, these compositions can be by quantitatively adding the zeolite powder that one or more are mixed toward matrix, vermiculite power, the fine coal ashes, slag powders, smelt ground-slag, mineral compositions such as sepiolite powder, or the artificial solid chemical compound or the aqueous solution that past matrix adds the respective element composition obtain.

2. by the described composite microbe fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, proportioning between described principal constituent root nodule bacterial classification and other bacterial classifications of described ancillary component depends primarily on factors such as crop varieties, edatope and fertilizer application condition, and it is not unalterable making composition proportion.

3. by the described composite microbe fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that contain the chemical mutagen of denier (0.5-10ppb) in this fertilizer, they are alkylating agent, base analogue and Y acridine compound, can select for use one or more to mix and use.

4. by the described composite microbe fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the ecotope of strain improvement and propagation whole process, adopt changeable temperature condition (temperature with 0 ℃ until 40 ℃), changeable potential of hydrogen condition (meta-acid medium, pH value 4.0-6.9, neutral medium pH plants 7.0, until inclined to one side alkaline media pH value 7.1-10.0), closing anaerobic fermentation, the aerobe fermentation of holding concurrently combine with unlimited aerobic aeration, the bacterial classification single culture combines with mixed culture, even the solid fermentation cultivation combines with liquid fermentation and culture.

5. by the described composite microbe fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that contained root nodule bacterium are not subjected to the place to give birth to narrow spectrum restriction in this fertilizer, not only can infect various leguminous crops and play the nodulation and nitrogen fixation effect, and can play the coordination nitrogen fixation to various non-leguminous crops yet.