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Double-layer waterproof material of asphalt mastic spreading membrane and board and its construction method
CN1239730A
China
Description
translated from Chinese
本发明涉及混凝土结构中的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水材料及其施工方法，混凝土结构的屋顶、停车场的顶表面、地下室外墙壁表面或者地下空腔等可实现有效的防水；特别是，涉及在一个混凝土结构中沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水材料及其施工方法，其中通过使用防水材料例如沥青砂胶铺展膜和板，即通过在混凝土铺展体上，形成一个具有强力的粘着力和弹性的沥青砂胶铺展膜的防水层，因此，保持抵抗混凝土破裂的抵抗力，并通过简单的工程施工，完全防止水或潮气渗透进入结构表面内，从而使双层防水效率最大化。The invention relates to a double-layer waterproof material of an asphalt mastic spreading membrane and a board in a concrete structure and a construction method thereof. The roof of a concrete structure, the top surface of a parking lot, the surface of an outdoor wall of a basement or an underground cavity can realize effective waterproofing; In particular, it relates to a double-layer waterproofing material of asphalt mastic spread membrane and slab in a concrete structure and a construction method thereof, wherein a membrane and slab are spread by using a waterproof material such as asphalt mastic, ie, on a concrete spread body, to form a The waterproof layer of the asphalt mastic spread membrane with strong adhesion and elasticity, therefore, maintains the resistance against concrete cracking, and completely prevents water or moisture from penetrating into the surface of the structure through simple engineering construction, thereby making the double layer waterproof Maximize efficiency.
通常，在用于一个混凝土结构的屋顶，停车场的顶表面，地下室外墙壁表面或者地下空腔等的防水施工方法中，使用了一种传统的沥青8层防水施工方法。通过使用由合成聚合无机纤维等制成的防水材料进行一层结构的施工，从而实现沥青8层防水施工方法，该防水材料具有从石油化学领域中获得的固体褐色沥青，沥青毡和沥青盖屋顶材料作为其主要成分。这种施工方法包括步骤有：将主体的表面处理成干燥状态；在其上实施顺序先后铺展透层、褐色沥青和沥青毡的工序；再在其上铺展褐色沥青、沥青盖屋顶材料和褐色沥青；在其上涂敷保护砂浆；然后夯实压紧混凝土作为修整工序。Generally, in a waterproofing construction method for a roof of a concrete structure, a top surface of a parking lot, a basement outdoor wall surface or an underground cavity, etc., a conventional asphalt 8-layer waterproofing construction method is used. Asphalt 8-layer waterproofing construction method by performing construction of a one-layer structure using a waterproof material made of synthetic polymeric inorganic fiber, etc., which has solid brown asphalt obtained from the petrochemical field, asphalt felt, and asphalt roofing material as its main component. This construction method includes the steps of: treating the surface of the main body to a dry state; implementing the process of spreading the permeable layer, brown asphalt and asphalt felt in sequence on it; and then spreading brown asphalt, asphalt roofing material and brown asphalt on it ; Apply protective mortar on it; Then tamp the compacted concrete as a finishing process.
这种传统的8层防水施工方法具有基于高效率防水、耐久性以及防水性能的高防水可靠性，这是因为通过累积层构造，用作防水层的铺展膜较厚。与此同时，在这种方法中，固体褐色沥青需要在高温下加热融化，由于累积层构造，还导致一种复杂的施工工艺，而且，特种施工技术带来较高的人力费用，由于在高温下加热工作带来了高度危险性，和由于烟和气味导致严重的环境污染。而且很容易引起接缝部分和粘附部分的松脱现象，而且由于对温度变化的敏感性，因而在低温下，防水层容易开裂。而且，不仅在发生一些问题情况下很难找到缺陷部分，这样，由于较大的维修区域，因而需要很多维修费用，而且考虑到雨季，因而工期很长。This conventional 8-layer waterproofing construction method has high waterproofing reliability based on high-efficiency waterproofing, durability, and waterproofing performance because the spread membrane used as a waterproofing layer is thick through the cumulative layer construction. At the same time, in this method, the solid brown asphalt needs to be heated and melted at high temperature, which also leads to a complicated construction process due to the cumulative layer structure, and the special construction technology brings high labor costs, due to the high temperature Working under heating brings a high degree of danger and serious environmental pollution due to smoke and odor. And it is easy to cause loosening of seam parts and adhesive parts, and because of the sensitivity to temperature changes, the waterproof layer is easy to crack at low temperatures. Also, not only is it difficult to find the defective part in the case of some troubles, thus requiring a lot of maintenance costs due to a large maintenance area, but also the construction period is long in consideration of the rainy season.
为了解决8层防水施工方法的这些缺陷，在图1所示的一种改进的沥青板防水施工方法中，合成树脂例如无纺聚酯纤维或聚丙烯织物纤维等用作一种中心加强材料，其两个表面与均匀厚度的沥青混合物粘附，其上表面与细砂或聚乙烯薄膜粘附，其底表面与具有粘附性能的聚乙烯薄膜或硅剥皮膜粘附，从而形成本身具有粘着力的卷筒型防水板。在其施工方法中，发展了一种预备表面处理工艺，以便在母体的表面上，从板的一侧表面涂敷铺展透层、剥皮膜，以便通过板本身的粘着力粘附到母体的表面，以及一种防水保护砂浆的工艺。In order to solve these defects of the 8-ply waterproof construction method, in an improved asphalt slab waterproof construction method shown in Fig. 1, synthetic resin such as non-woven polyester fiber or polypropylene fabric fiber etc. is used as a central reinforcement material, Its two surfaces are adhered with asphalt mixture of uniform thickness, its upper surface is adhered with fine sand or polyethylene film, and its bottom surface is adhered with adhesive polyethylene film or silicon peeling film, thus forming itself with adhesion Powerful roll type flashing. In its construction method, a preparatory surface treatment process has been developed so that on the surface of the parent body, a spread-through layer, a peeling film is applied from one side surface of the board so as to adhere to the surface of the parent body by the adhesive force of the board itself , and a process for waterproofing and protecting mortar.
然而，这种施工方法需要达到一种连接精度，因为有许多接缝部分，特别是即使在沥青透层铺展后，板材料粘附到其上，由于与主体的实际粘着力变弱，因此产生松脱现象。而且，通过在接缝部分使用通风管，从而形成约10cm宽的热融化接头，这样在板接缝部分上常产生缺陷，这样在接缝部分很难保证防水效果。在发生缺陷的情况下，在板防水层下渗漏的水流吸入到混凝土结构的薄弱部分内，例如裂缝等，因此很难发现其缺陷发生位置，并且需要大量维修费用。而且，作为防水保护层的保护砂浆必须以这种方法夯实，这样不经济，且当进行外侧施工时，需要一些工作空间，而且在一个胸墙防水施工中，其内侧应进行流体防水施工。However, this construction method needs to achieve a connection precision because there are many joint parts, especially even after the asphalt permeable layer is spread, the board material adheres to it, and since the actual adhesion with the main body becomes weak, it is produced loose phenomenon. Moreover, by using the ventilation pipe at the seam portion, thereby forming a heat-melt joint with a width of about 10 cm, defects are often produced on the board seam portion, and it is difficult to ensure a waterproof effect at the seam portion. In the event of a defect, the flow of water seeping under the slab waterproof layer is sucked into the weak part of the concrete structure, such as cracks, etc., so it is difficult to find where the defect occurred, and a lot of repair costs are required. Also, the protective mortar as a waterproofing protective layer must be compacted in this way, which is uneconomical, and requires some work space when the outer side is applied, and in a breast wall waterproofing, the inner side should be fluid waterproofed.
在一种双层防水板的施工方法中，该双层防水板施工方法实施了上述改进的呈单层叠合的沥青板防水施工方法，设置双层防水板，然后作为保护层的介电乙烯基布置在其中。通过使用喷枪，对粘附到混凝土结构表面上的整个板表面加热，以便实施改进的沥青防水板的这种双层防水方法。即，在这种施工方法中，通过人力实施在板和混凝土表面之间的热融化粘附工艺，因此，使得在整个表面上很难均匀地处理热融化粘合剂，而且在防水缺陷发生的情况下，由于渗漏的水流入板防水层下面，因此产生了许多在板之间的粘附问题，这些问题也导致很难进行缺陷修补。由于防水板的双层施工，这种施工方法还引起大量材料损耗和人员费用。In a construction method of a double-layer waterproof board, the double-layer waterproof board construction method implements the above-mentioned improved single-layer laminated asphalt board waterproof construction method, and the double-layer waterproof board is set, and then the dielectric vinyl as the protective layer arranged in it. This double-layer waterproofing method of the improved bitumen flashing is carried out by using a spray gun to heat the entire surface of the slab adhered to the surface of the concrete structure. That is, in this construction method, the heat-melt adhesion process between the slab and the concrete surface is carried out by manpower, thus making it difficult to uniformly process the heat-melt adhesive over the entire surface, and in the event of waterproofing defects occurring In some cases, due to the seepage of water flowing under the board waterproofing layer, many adhesion problems between the boards were created, which also made it difficult to repair the defect. Due to the double-layer construction of the flashings, this construction method also entails considerable material waste and personnel expenditure.
除此之外，在使用具有弹性橡胶成分的铺展膜材料的焦油氨基甲酸乙酯铺展膜防水施工方法中，该成分通过将精制焦油和聚氨基甲酸乙酯树脂混合以用作有机聚合材料来获得，因此，其工程造价较高，由于其主要材料和硬化材料区分开来，因此在其混合物中需要注意，而且，这对人体有很大伤害，又由于使用有机混合物，存在发生火灾的顾虑。Besides, in the tar urethane spread membrane waterproofing construction method using a spread membrane material having an elastic rubber component, the component is obtained by mixing refined tar and polyurethane resin to be used as an organic polymer material , Therefore, its engineering cost is higher, because its main material and hardened material are distinguished, so it needs attention in its mixture, and this is very harmful to the human body, and because of the use of organic mixture, there is a concern of fire.
在上述所有混凝土防水材料中，有一种不方便，即它必须需要一种使用保护砂浆的防水保护层，且在防水层的施工之前，在通过打底抹面找平砂浆或金属镘刀修整进行预备表面处理之后，其用来涂敷的预备表面应完全干燥。In all the concrete waterproofing materials mentioned above, there is an inconvenience that it must require a waterproofing protective layer using protective mortar, and before the construction of the waterproofing layer, the surface is prepared by priming and leveling mortar or metal trowel finishing. After treatment, the prepared surface for its application should be completely dry.
因此，本发明的一个主要目的在于，为了给公共结构例如屋顶、地下室停车场顶表面、地下外墙壁、地铁、地下通道、空腔等做防水，提供在一个混凝土结构上的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板及其施工方法，利用这种用作沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水材料，通过冷却施工方法即冷却施工技术，在其上可简单地形成防水层，它能防止水和潮气渗透，永不会受碱性或酸性材料的影响，具有较高的恒定的张力、弹性和耐久性，并通过抵制混凝土破裂而保持永久的防水效果。It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide an asphalt mastic spread membrane on a concrete structure for the waterproofing of public structures such as roofs, basement car park top surfaces, underground exterior walls, subways, underpasses, cavities, etc. And board and its construction method, using this double-layer waterproof material used as asphalt mastic spreading membrane and board, by cooling construction method, that is, cooling construction technology, a waterproof layer can be simply formed thereon, which can prevent water and moisture Penetrating, never affected by alkaline or acidic materials, has high constant tension, elasticity and durability, and maintains a permanent waterproof effect by resisting concrete cracking.
本发明的另一个目的是提供在一个混凝土结构中使用的双层防水材料例如沥青砂胶铺展膜和板及其施工方法，其中即使在很难施工的部分，利用本发明也可很容易施工，在由于施工不小心引起缺陷发生情况下，发现缺陷出现部分和维修该缺陷变得很简单，而且还能够在冬季施工。Another object of the present invention is to provide a double-layer waterproof material such as bituminous mastic spreading membrane and slab and a construction method thereof for use in a concrete structure, wherein even in a part which is difficult to construct, construction can be easily carried out by using the present invention, In the case that a defect occurs due to careless construction, it becomes easy to find the part where the defect occurs and repair the defect, and it is also possible to construct in winter.
本发明的又一个目的是提供在一个混凝土结构中使用的双层防水材料例如沥青砂胶铺展膜和板及其施工方法，其中不使用保护砂浆来用作保护防水层，就可夯实压紧混凝土，因此能减少施工工序的数量，获得工程造价减少和工期缩短的效果。Still another object of the present invention is to provide a double-layer waterproofing material such as bituminous mastic spreading membrane and slab and a construction method thereof for use in a concrete structure, wherein the compacted concrete can be compacted without using protective mortar for the protective waterproofing layer , so the number of construction processes can be reduced, and the effect of reducing the construction cost and shortening the construction period can be obtained.
为实现本发明的目的，提供在一个混凝土结构中使用的双层防水材料例如沥青砂胶铺展膜和板及其施工方法，其中从石油沥青领域的胶化沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料和防水板的结合获得双层防水材料。在铺展膜防水材料中，沥青混合物用作主要材料，而合成橡胶粘合剂和异丁基和聚异丁基领域的合成树脂中的一种填加到其主要材料中，而且天然矿物和纤维素无机填充剂也填加到主要材料中，然后这种材料胶凝；因此获得石油沥青领域的胶化沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料。为了得到防水板，橡胶沥青混合物材料在合成树脂的两个表面上铺展一恒定厚度，在防水板上表面上，粘附聚乙烯薄膜或细纤维，在防水板下表面上，粘附无纺聚酯长纤维；从而形成防水板。To achieve the object of the present invention, a double-layer waterproof material such as bituminous mastic spreading membrane and board and construction method thereof for use in a concrete structure are provided, wherein the gelled asphalt mastic spreading membrane waterproofing material and waterproofing board from the field of petroleum asphalt The combination obtains a double-layer waterproof material. In the spread membrane waterproofing material, asphalt mixture is used as the main material, and one of synthetic rubber adhesives and synthetic resins in the field of isobutyl and polyisobutyl is added to its main material, and natural minerals and fibers The plain inorganic filler is also added to the main material, and then this material is gelled; thus the gelled asphalt mastic spread membrane waterproof material in the field of petroleum asphalt is obtained. To obtain a waterproofing board, the rubber-asphalt mixture material is spread to a constant thickness on both surfaces of the synthetic resin, on the upper surface of the waterproofing board, a polyethylene film or fine fibers are adhered, on the lower surface of the waterproofing board, a non-woven polyester Ester long fibers; thereby forming a flashing.
在本发明中，这种沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的施工方法包括步骤有：在施工母体的表面上铺展透层，并涂敷一恒定厚度的用作初始铺展膜防水材料的沥青砂胶；在初始沥青砂胶上放置防水板；在防水板的一侧上铺展10cm的沥青砂胶，并在其上双层叠合防水板，并使防水板的接缝部分连接；以及通过夯实压紧混凝土进行最终修整工序。In the present invention, the construction method of this asphalt mastic spreading membrane and plate includes the steps of: spreading the permeable layer on the surface of the construction matrix, and coating a constant thickness of asphalt mastic used as the initial spreading membrane waterproof material; Lay the flashing on the initial asphalt mastic; spread 10cm of asphalt mastic on one side of the flashing, and laminate the flashing in double layers on it, and connect the seam parts of the flashing; and compact the concrete by tamping Perform the final finishing process.
下面参考附图通过优选实施例的说明，本发明的上述和其它目的和特点将更加清楚，其中：The above-mentioned and other objects and features of the present invention will be clearer through the description of the preferred embodiments below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1是基于已有技术的的改性沥青防水板的构造图，该图中标号1-5分别代表细砂/聚乙烯薄膜；S.B.S.改性沥青；合成树脂；S.B.S.改性沥青；聚乙烯薄膜/剥皮膜；Fig. 1 is the structural diagram based on the modified asphalt waterproof board of prior art, and label 1-5 represents fine sand/polyethylene film respectively in this figure; S.B.S. modified asphalt; Synthetic resin; S.B.S. Modified asphalt; Polyethylene film /peeling membrane;
图2是根据本发明，在一个混凝土结构中，对于使用沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法，在板接缝部分的施工示意图，该图中标号1-7分别代表水砂胶；防水板；水砂胶；防水板；水砂胶；沥青透层；混凝土板；Fig. 2 is according to the present invention, in a concrete structure, for the double-layer waterproof construction method that uses asphalt mastic to spread the membrane and the board, the construction schematic diagram of the joint part of the board, the numerals 1-7 represent the water mastic respectively in this figure ; Waterproof board; water sand glue; waterproof board; water sand glue; asphalt permeable layer; concrete slab;
图3是本发明的一个实施例中，作为主要部分的铺展膜的防水板的结构透视图，该图中标号1-5分别代表聚乙烯薄膜/细砂；沥青混合物；合成树脂；沥青混合物；无纺聚酯长纤维；Fig. 3 is in an embodiment of the present invention, as the structural perspective view of the waterproof board of the spreading membrane of main part, in this figure, label 1-5 represents polyethylene film/fine sand respectively; Asphalt mixture; Synthetic resin; Asphalt mixture; non-woven polyester long fibers;
图4是使用本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法应用于一个结构的垂直墙壁上的示意图，该图中标号1-4分别代表压紧混凝土夯实；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；混凝土板；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that uses the double-layer waterproof construction method of asphalt mastic spreading membrane and plate of the present invention to be applied on the vertical wall of a structure, and label 1-4 represents compaction concrete ramming respectively in this figure; Mastic glue is waterproof; Surface leveling mortar or metal trowel trimming; concrete slab;
图5是使用本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法应用于这个结构的一个护墙部分上的示意图，该图中标号1-5分别代表压紧混凝土夯实；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；混凝土板；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that uses the double-layer waterproof construction method of asphalt mastic spreading membrane and plate of the present invention to be applied on a retaining wall part of this structure, and label 1-5 represents compaction concrete ramming respectively in this figure; ;Priming and leveling mortar or metal trowel trimming; Concrete slabs;
图6A和6B是使用本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法应用于这个结构的一个膨胀接缝部分上的示意图，图6A中标号1-9分别代表压紧混凝土夯实；砂胶防水；水砂胶(硬化)，铺展膜防水加强(填充)；支承措施；接头填充剂；压紧混凝土夯实；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；混凝土板；图6B中标号1-5分别代表压实混凝土夯实；砂胶防水；水砂胶(硬化)，铺展膜防水加强(填充)；支承措施；接头填充剂；6A and 6B are schematic diagrams of applying the double-layer waterproof construction method of asphalt mastic spreading membrane and plate of the present invention to an expansion joint part of this structure, and the symbols 1-9 in FIG. 6A represent compacted concrete tamping respectively; Mastic waterproofing; water-based mortar (hardening), spreading membrane waterproofing reinforcement (filling); support measures; joint fillers; compacted concrete tamping; Numbers 1-5 in 6B respectively represent compacted concrete tamping; sand glue waterproofing; water sand glue (hardening), spreading membrane waterproof reinforcement (filling); support measures; joint fillers;
图7是使用本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法应用于这个结构的屋顶上的排水出口的示意图，该图中标号1-7分别代表压紧混凝土夯实；砂胶防水；水砂胶(硬化)，铺展膜防水加强(填充)；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；混凝土板；浸渍砂浆；水砂胶(硬化)，铺展膜防水加强(填充)；Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that uses the double-layer waterproof construction method of asphalt mastic spreading membrane and plate of the present invention to be applied to the drainage outlet on the roof of this structure, and label 1-7 represents compaction concrete tamping in this figure respectively; ;Water mortar (hardening), waterproof reinforcement (filling) of the spreading membrane; leveling mortar or metal trowel trimming of the base plaster; concrete slab; impregnation mortar; water mortar glue (hardening), waterproof reinforcement (filling) of the spreading membrane;
图8是使用本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法应用于这个结构中的一个停车场的顶表面上的示意图，该图中标号1-10分别代表压紧混凝土夯实；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；混凝土板；在墙体上夯实混凝土；墙体表面整理；砂胶防水；浸渍砂浆；水泥砖垒砌；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of applying the double-layer waterproof construction method of the asphalt mastic spreading membrane and plate of the present invention to the top surface of a parking lot in this structure, and the symbols 1-10 in this figure represent the compaction of compacted concrete respectively; Mastic waterproofing; ground plastering and leveling mortar or metal trowel trimming; concrete slabs; compacting concrete on the wall; wall surface finishing; mastic waterproofing; impregnated mortar; cement brick building;
图9是使用本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法应用于这个结构的地下室的外墙上的示意图，该图中标号1-13分别代表压紧混凝土夯实；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；混凝土板；在墙体上夯实混凝土；墙体的表面整理；砂胶防水；防水层，保护材料(T＝50)；底部混凝土夯实；THK30保护砂浆；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；牺牲混凝土夯实；Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that uses the double-layer waterproof construction method of asphalt mastic spreading membrane and board of the present invention to be applied to the outer wall of the basement of this structure, and label 1-13 represents compaction concrete tamping in this figure respectively; ;Priming and plastering leveling mortar or metal trowel trimming;Concrete slab;Tamping concrete on the wall;Wall surface finishing;Sand glue waterproofing;Waterproof layer, protective material (T=50);Bottom concrete tamping; THK30 protective mortar ; Mortar waterproofing; base plastering surface leveling mortar or metal trowel trimming; sacrificial concrete tamping;
图10是使用本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法应用于这个混凝土结构中的一个空腔的示意图，该图中标号1-12分别代表THK30保护砂浆；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；牺牲混凝土夯实；THK30防水保护材料；砂胶防水；墙体混凝土表面整理；底部混凝土夯实；THK30保护砂浆；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；牺牲混凝土夯实；标号13代表管；Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cavity in the concrete structure using the double-layer waterproof construction method of asphalt mastic spreading membrane and plate of the present invention, and the symbols 1-12 in the figure represent THK30 protective mortar respectively; mortar waterproofing; Primer leveling mortar or metal trowel trimming; sacrificial concrete tamping; THK30 waterproof protection material; sand glue waterproof; wall concrete surface finishing; bottom concrete tamping; THK30 protective mortar; mortar waterproofing; primer leveling mortar or metal trowel Knife trimming; sacrificial concrete tamping;
图11是使用本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工方法应用于一个地下通道的示意图，该图中标号1-12分别代表THK30保护砂浆；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；混凝土板；THK30防水保护材料；砂胶防水；墙体的混凝土表面整理；底部混凝土夯实；THK30保护砂浆；砂胶防水；打底抹面找平砂浆或者金属镘刀修整；THK100基底混凝土；和Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of applying the double-layer waterproof construction method of asphalt mastic spreading film and board of the present invention to an underground passage, and the symbols 1-12 in the figure represent THK30 protection mortar respectively; Or metal trowel trimming; concrete slabs; THK30 waterproof protection material; sand glue waterproofing; concrete surface finishing of walls; bottom concrete tamping; THK30 protective mortar; concrete; and
图12是根据本发明的另一个实施例的防水板的构造的透视图，该图中标号1-3分别代表聚乙烯薄膜/细砂；聚丙烯涂层；无纺聚酯长纤维。Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the construction of a waterproof board according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which numerals 1-3 respectively represent polyethylene film/fine sand; polypropylene coating; non-woven polyester long fibers.
下面参见附图来详细描述本发明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
根据本发明，在一个混凝土结构中，沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水材料及其施工方法利用一种简单的构造达到了显著的防水效果。According to the present invention, in a concrete structure, the two-layer waterproof material of asphalt mastic spread membrane and board and its construction method achieve a remarkable waterproof effect with a simple structure.
如图2和3所示，在本发明的沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水材料中，首先，为了获得沥青砂胶，沥青混合物例如稀释沥青和褐色沥青用作主要材料，而具有显著弹性和附着力的合成橡胶粘合剂，以及用作强力粘合剂的异丁基领域和特种无机填充剂领域的合成树脂填加到沥青混合物中，然后混合，这样得到呈凝胶状态的沥青砂胶。这种沥青砂胶用作胶化石油沥青领域的铺展膜防水材料。As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in the double-layer waterproof material of the asphalt mastic spreading membrane and board of the present invention, first, in order to obtain the asphalt mastic, asphalt mixture such as diluted asphalt and brown asphalt is used as the main material, while having a significant Synthetic rubber binders for elasticity and adhesion, as well as synthetic resins in the isobutyl field and specialty inorganic filler fields for strong adhesives are added to the asphalt mixture and then mixed to obtain asphalt in a gel state Mastic. The asphalt mastic is used as a spreading membrane waterproofing material in the field of gelled petroleum asphalt.
接着，为了获得防水板，沥青混合物材料以一个固定厚度铺展在合成树脂的两个表面上，然后，在防水板的上表面，粘附有聚乙烯薄膜和细砂中的任意一种，在防水板的下表面，粘附有无纺聚酯长纤维；这样形成了防水板。Next, in order to obtain a waterproof board, the bituminous mixture material is spread on both surfaces of the synthetic resin with a fixed thickness, and then, on the upper surface of the waterproof board, any one of polyethylene film and fine sand is adhered, and in waterproofing On the lower surface of the board, non-woven polyester long fibers are adhered; thus forming a waterproof board.
上述铺展膜防水材料和防水板结合，从而得到本发明的双层防水材料。The above-mentioned spread membrane waterproof material is combined with a waterproof board to obtain the double-layer waterproof material of the present invention.
其中，有一个特征，即石油沥青领域的上述沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料既可用作防水板和混凝土表面之间的粘合剂，还可用作沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料。Among them, there is a feature that the above-mentioned asphalt mastic spreading membrane waterproofing material in the field of petroleum asphalt can be used not only as an adhesive between a waterproof board and a concrete surface, but also as an asphalt mastic spreading membrane waterproofing material.
作为本发明的主要防水材料，石油沥青领域的沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料包含下列成分：As the main waterproof material of the present invention, the asphalt mastic spread membrane waterproof material in the field of petroleum asphalt comprises the following components:
1)沥青混合物例如稀释沥青和褐色沥青混合物1) Asphalt mixtures such as cutback and brown asphalt mixtures
2)合成橡胶粘合剂2) Synthetic rubber adhesive
3)天然矿物纤维例如石棉纤维和变性纤维素纤维3) Natural mineral fibers such as asbestos fibers and modified cellulose fibers
4)异丁基和聚异丁基领域的合成树脂4) Synthetic resins in the field of isobutyl and polyisobutyl
5)硬脂酸锌5) Zinc stearate
6)稀释剂6) Thinner
7)其它填加剂例如分散材料和抗氧化材料7) Other additives such as dispersion materials and anti-oxidation materials
本发明的石油沥青领域的铺展膜防水材料的主要材料的配比如下所示：The proportioning of the main materials of the spread membrane waterproof material in the petroleum asphalt field of the present invention is as follows:
材料配比(含量单位：重量％)
在上述沥青混合物中，沥青固态物大于70％，溶剂占25％，其它混合物小于5％。In the above asphalt mixture, the asphalt solids are more than 70%, the solvent accounts for 25%, and other mixtures are less than 5%.
作为石油沥青领域的沥青铺展膜材料的沥青砂胶的物理性质如下表(表1)所示：The physical properties of the asphalt mastic as the asphalt spreading membrane material in the petroleum asphalt field are shown in the following table (table 1):
[表1]
作为石油沥青领域的沥青铺展膜材料的沥青砂胶根据下面所述制造。Asphalt mastic, which is an asphalt spreading membrane material in the field of petroleum asphalt, was produced as follows.
首先，沥青混合物例如稀释沥青或褐色沥青，流体状态的合成橡胶粘合剂，和异丁基领域的合成树脂首先混合30至60分钟，以便充分混合。First, a mixture of asphalt such as cut-down asphalt or brown asphalt, a synthetic rubber binder in a fluid state, and a synthetic resin in the isobutyl field are first mixed for 30 to 60 minutes so as to be thoroughly mixed.
在原材料混合后，粉状的硬脂酸锌和矿物材料纤维粉连续的加入其中混合，交替地混合30至60分钟，以致粉状颗粒完全分散，混合容器的上部和下部的粘度和混合状态稳定，从而制造出凝胶状态的沥青砂胶。After the raw materials are mixed, powdered zinc stearate and mineral fiber powder are continuously added and mixed, and mixed alternately for 30 to 60 minutes, so that the powder particles are completely dispersed, and the viscosity and mixing state of the upper and lower parts of the mixing container are stable , so as to produce gel-state asphalt mastic.
制造的石油沥青领域的沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料，并非通过强力的粘着力和显著的弹性及挠曲性，在混凝土、石材和木材以及金属等的整个母体表面上完全变硬。因此，即使在母体表面上发生破裂等，沥青砂胶在其破裂部分渗入，形成一种类似无接缝部分的连续的防水膜，这样防止水或潮气渗透，而且永远不会受碱性或氧化材料的伤害，这样，形成了具有极好耐久性的可显著防水的防水层。The asphalt mastic spreading membrane waterproof material in the petroleum asphalt field produced does not completely harden on the entire surface of the parent body such as concrete, stone, wood, and metal through strong adhesion and remarkable elasticity and flexibility. Therefore, even if a crack or the like occurs on the surface of the matrix, the asphalt mastic infiltrates in its cracked part to form a continuous waterproof film like a seamless part, which prevents water or moisture from penetrating, and is never affected by alkalinity or oxidation. The damage of the material, in this way, forms a remarkably water-resistant waterproof layer with excellent durability.
本发明的沥青砂胶的测试结果在下面的附表1中表示，该测试结果由韩国仪器石油化学测试研究中心获得。The test results of the bituminous mastic of the present invention are shown in the attached table 1 below, which test results were obtained by Korea Instrument Petrochemical Testing and Research Center.
[附表1]
在基于上述测试结果的结论中，根据混凝土的强度，200或300，将砂胶铺展2-3mm，然后在-10℃至+30℃，针对流动现象、断开、破裂和收缩现象，按独立步骤测试。在这种测试结果中，既没有出现流动现象，也没有断开或破裂或收缩现象。而且，当混凝土处于任选的破裂状态之后，在一项检测水渗透状态的测试结果中，没有发现水渗漏。而且，在混凝土呈破裂状态的测试结果中，没有发现断开、松脱或破裂/流动现象。In the conclusion based on the above test results, according to the strength of the concrete, 200 or 300, spread the mastic 2-3mm, and then at -10°C to +30°C, for the flow phenomenon, disconnection, cracking and shrinkage, according to the independent Step test. In this test result, neither flow phenomenon nor disconnection or cracking or shrinkage phenomenon occurred. Furthermore, no water seepage was found in the results of a test to check the state of water penetration after the concrete was in the optional cracked state. Also, in the test results where the concrete was in a cracked state, no disconnection, loosening or cracking/flowing was observed.
在没有破裂和出现破裂的情况下，基于每个强度和温度的测试结果中，当砂浆铺展之后，测试水的渗漏，发现水渗漏不会发生。在+60℃和-10℃的冷却测试中，沥青砂胶的膨胀、断开、破裂和隆起现象也没有发生。In the case of no cracking and occurrence of cracking, in the test results based on each strength and temperature, when the mortar was spread, water leakage was tested, and it was found that water leakage did not occur. In the cooling tests at +60°C and -10°C, the expansion, disconnection, cracking and heaving of the asphalt mastic did not occur.
在基于耐化学制品的测试结果中，沥青砂胶在5％硫酸镁MgSO4的溶液中浸没5天，其重量变化率为0.08％，而且，沥青砂胶在3％氯化钙CaCl2的溶液中浸没3天，其重量变化率为0.09％。即，该结果表明在耐化学制品方面具有显著性能。In the test results based on chemical resistance, the asphalt mastic was immersed in a solution of 5% magnesium sulfate MgSO 4 for 5 days, and its weight change rate was 0.08%, and the asphalt mastic was immersed in a solution of 3% calcium chloride CaCl 2 Submerged for 3 days, the weight change rate was 0.09%. That is, the results indicate remarkable performance in chemical resistance.
基于混凝土强度和温度等的变化所进行的水渗漏和冷却测试结果表明，对于取样的沥青砂胶，在粘合剂状态下，其物理性质没有变化，这说明沥青砂胶是一种用作铺展膜材料的优良产品。The results of water leakage and cooling tests based on changes in concrete strength and temperature, etc. show that for the sampled asphalt mastic, there is no change in its physical properties in the binder state, which shows that asphalt mastic is a kind of Excellent product for spreading membrane materials.
而且，与沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料结合的防水板的合成树脂，采用了织物聚丙烯纤维和无纺聚酯纤维中的任意一种。铺展在这种合成树脂的两个表面上的沥青混合物由改性SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)沥青混合物形成，在与沥青或改性的APP(无规聚丙烯)沥青混合物混合时，该SBS沥青混合物具有极佳的混合特性，而且在与沥青混合时具有高耐热性和耐老化性。Also, as the synthetic resin of the waterproof board combined with the asphalt mastic spread membrane waterproof material, any one of woven polypropylene fiber and non-woven polyester fiber is used. The bituminous mixture spread on both surfaces of this synthetic resin is formed from a modified SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) bituminous mixture mixed with asphalt or a modified APP (atactic polypropylene) bituminous mixture When mixed with asphalt, the SBS asphalt mixture has excellent mixing characteristics, and has high heat resistance and aging resistance when mixed with asphalt.
为了提供极佳的耐久性和较大的张力，与防水板的下表面粘合的无纺聚酯长纤维至少大于100g/平方米，因此沥青砂胶很容易渗入其中。具有这种结构的防水板通常制成卷筒形，以便简单地布置在沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料上。In order to provide excellent durability and greater tension, the non-woven polyester long fibers bonded to the lower surface of the waterproofing board are at least greater than 100g/m2, so that the asphalt mastic can easily penetrate into it. The waterproofing board with this structure is usually made in a roll shape so as to be simply arranged on the asphalt mastic spreading membrane waterproofing material.
与一般的防水板不同，本发明的防水板在其下表面上，即在与沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料粘附的表面上，具有无纺聚酯长纤维。铺展在混凝土主体的表面上的沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料浸渍进入该无纺纤维，这样使粘合效果最佳，同时即使在捣实压紧混凝土时，也能防止板的推压现象，而且可防止处于凝胶状态的沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料的流动。Unlike general waterproofing boards, the waterproofing board of the present invention has non-woven polyester long fibers on its lower surface, that is, on the surface to which the asphalt mastic spread membrane waterproofing material is adhered. The bituminous mastic spreading membrane waterproofing material spread on the surface of the concrete body is impregnated into the non-woven fibers, so that the bonding effect is optimal, and at the same time, the pushing phenomenon of the board is prevented even when the concrete is compacted by tamping, and It can prevent the flow of asphalt mastic spreading membrane waterproofing material in gel state.
参见图2，下面描述了在底面上进行防水施工的方法，该方法使用了具有上述结构的石油沥青领域的沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料和防水板。Referring to Fig. 2, the method of waterproofing construction on the bottom surface is described below, which method uses the asphalt mastic spreading membrane waterproofing material and waterproofing board in the field of petroleum asphalt having the above-mentioned structure.
在防水施工中，一个施工混凝土母体的表面首先经处理以便达到清洁和平整，即没有金属丝或钉等的突出。通过使用金属镘刀或打底抹面找平砂浆，凹陷部分得以平整，因此清除了土、灰尘和砂等。接着，在薄弱部分，例如铺路混凝土的接缝部分、排水部分、底面和墙体之间的连接部分、角部、管连接部等，呈硬化型的沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料铺展成2-3mm厚，以用作加强材料。接着，在其上铺展0.4升/平方米的沥青透层，呈凝胶状态的沥青砂胶铺展成约2mm厚，2kg/平方米，以作为初始铺展膜防水材料。In waterproofing construction, the surface of a construction concrete matrix is first treated so as to be clean and flat, ie, free of protruding wires or nails, etc. By using a metal trowel or a primer and leveling mortar, the depression is leveled, thus removing dirt, dust, sand, etc. Then, in the weak parts, such as joints of paving concrete, drainage parts, joints between the bottom surface and walls, corners, pipe joints, etc., the hardened asphalt mastic spreading membrane waterproof material is spread into 2- 3mm thick for reinforcement. Then, spread 0.4 liters/square meter of asphalt permeable layer on it, and spread the asphalt mastic in gel state to a thickness of about 2mm, 2kg/square meter, as the initial spreading membrane waterproof material.
上述铺展工作可省略，因为作为初始铺展膜防水材料的沥青砂胶以凝胶状态铺展在底面上，并与混凝土主体形成完全粘附的状态。The above-mentioned spreading work can be omitted, because the asphalt mastic, which is the waterproof material of the initial spreading membrane, spreads on the bottom surface in a gel state and forms a state of complete adhesion with the concrete body.
通过使用一种锯齿镘刀，从一个下部位置到一个上部位置，形成初始铺展膜防水层的铺展沥青砂胶铺展成防水板的宽度，且厚度约2mm。The spread bituminous mastic, which forms the initial spread membrane waterproofing, is spread to the width of the flashing and to a thickness of approximately 2 mm by using a serrated trowel from one lower position to an upper position.
接着，以卷筒形式卷曲的防水板摊铺在初始铺展的沥青砂胶铺展膜防水材料上，板的一个顶表面由一个滚子轻压。Next, the waterproofing board rolled in the form of a roll is spread on the initially spread bituminous mastic spread membrane waterproofing material, and one top surface of the board is lightly pressed by a roller.
在防水板之间的接缝部分上，在第一次铺展的防水板的一端侧上，铺展有1-2mm厚的约10cm的第二沥青砂胶。之后，防水板在其上双层叠合，然后通过滚子轻压，这样下板和上板相互粘附。在这样施工后，通过使用金属镘刀，在双层叠合防水板的接缝部分上，在其左/右约5cm宽的连接端部上，铺展1-2mm厚的硬化状态的用作加强材料的第三沥青砂胶，因此防止水或潮气等吸入接缝部分内。On the joint portion between the waterproof boards, on one end side of the waterproof board spread for the first time, a second asphalt mastic having a thickness of 1-2 mm and about 10 cm was spread. Afterwards, the flashing is laminated in two layers on top of it, and then lightly pressed by rollers so that the lower and upper panels adhere to each other. After such construction, by using a metal trowel, on the joint portion of the double laminated waterproofing board, on its left/right about 5cm wide joint end, spread 1-2mm thick hardened state used as reinforcing material The third asphalt mastic, thus preventing water or moisture etc. from being sucked into the joint part.
在上述铺展膜防水材料铺展工作和防水板滩铺工作完成后，通过夯实压紧混凝土进行修整工作。After the above-mentioned spreading of the spreading membrane waterproof material and the work of laying the waterproof board beach are completed, the finishing work is carried out by compacting and compacting the concrete.
这种用于加强接缝部分的第二和第三沥青砂胶使用了硬化沥青砂胶，这种硬化沥青砂胶在铺展4-5小时后能够完全硬化。The second and third asphalt mastics used to reinforce the joints use hardened asphalt mastics that can be fully hardened after 4-5 hours of spreading.
上述构造和施工方法适用于必须进行防水处理的所有公共结构，例如混凝土结构的屋顶、地下室停车场铺面、地下墙壁、地铁、空腔、地下通道等的外部防水，但不仅仅限于附图如图4至图11提供的下列实施例。The above construction and construction methods are applicable to all public structures that must be waterproofed, such as external waterproofing of concrete roofs, basement parking pavements, underground walls, subways, cavities, underground passages, etc., but not limited to the attached
如图4所示，在用于一个垂直墙体的防水的本发明的一个实施例中，其施工方法与上述底表面防水施工的情况相同。特别是，一个底防水板粘附到位于底部和墙体之间的接合部分上，并在此形成向上升高约10cm指向垂直墙壁表面的形状。而且，防水板从垂直墙壁向下粘附到接合部分上，以便以下拉约10cm指向底表面的形状双层叠合。然后，一个三角形的凹槽位于从相应的垂直墙壁表面的底部算起高度超过至少30cm的一个位置，该三角形凹槽的尺寸通常为宽2cm×深2cm，防水板以弯曲形状插入凹槽内侧。之后，铺展膜防水材料通过填缝从而在两个端部填满，或者厚实的铺展。As shown in FIG. 4, in an embodiment of the present invention for waterproofing a vertical wall, the construction method is the same as that of the bottom surface waterproofing construction described above. In particular, a bottom flashing is adhered to the joint portion between the bottom and the wall, and formed therein into a shape rising upward about 10 cm toward the vertical wall surface. Also, the waterproof sheet was adhered downward from the vertical wall to the joint portion so as to be laminated in double layers in a shape of being pulled down about 10 cm toward the bottom surface. Then, a triangular groove is located at a position whose height exceeds at least 30 cm from the bottom of the corresponding vertical wall surface, the size of the triangular groove is generally 2 cm wide by 2 cm deep, and the waterproof board is inserted into the groove in a curved shape. Afterwards, the spread membrane waterproofing material is filled at both ends by caulking, or thickly spread.
如图5所示，在对护墙部分做防水的本发明的另一个实施例中，其施工方法也与在底表面上进行防水施工的情况相同。特别是，保护砖以0.5B垒砌在护墙部分上，并在砖之间和砖与铺展膜防水材料之间的缝隙中填充水泥砂浆。As shown in FIG. 5, in another embodiment of the present invention for waterproofing the retaining wall portion, the construction method is also the same as that for waterproofing the bottom surface. In particular, protective bricks are laid on the retaining wall part at 0.5B, and cement mortar is filled in the gaps between the bricks and between the bricks and the spread membrane waterproof material.
在本发明的又一个实施例中，当对膨胀缝、屋顶的排水口邻近部分和停车场顶面进行防水施工情况下，膨胀缝处理如图6A和6B所示，屋顶的排水口邻近部分处理如图7所示，停车场顶面处理如图8所示；其施工方法与底表面的防水构造的施工方法相同。In yet another embodiment of the present invention, when waterproofing is carried out on the expansion joints, the adjacent parts of the roof drains and the top surface of the parking lot, the expansion joints are treated as shown in Figures 6A and 6B, and the adjacent parts of the roof drains are treated As shown in Figure 7, the top surface treatment of the parking lot is shown in Figure 8; its construction method is the same as that of the waterproof structure on the bottom surface.
在屋顶的排水口邻近部分的施工方法中，浸渍砂浆特别使用在排水口的下侧，在这样处理后，用于填充的硬化沥青砂胶注入其中，然后在底表面上进行平整施工。In the construction method of the roof near the drain opening, impregnating mortar is used especially on the underside of the drain opening, after which hardened asphalt mastic for filling is injected thereinto, and then leveling is performed on the bottom surface.
如图9所示，在对地下室外墙表面进行防水施工的本发明的另一个实施例中，保护砖以0.5B垒砌在防水板壁上，或者在其上粘附30mm厚的起泡聚乙烯泡沫材料，然后用具有小砂砾的土进行填充施工。As shown in Figure 9, in another embodiment of the present invention for carrying out waterproof construction on the surface of the basement exterior wall, the protective brick is built on the waterproof board wall with 0.5B, or a 30mm thick foamed polyethylene is adhered thereon. The foam material is then filled with soil with small gravel.
如图10和11所示，在用于空腔或地下通道的一部分的本发明的另一个防水实施例中，其施工方法与底表面的防水施工方法相同。As shown in Figures 10 and 11, in another waterproofing embodiment of the present invention for a part of a cavity or an underground passage, the method of construction is the same as that of the bottom surface.
如上所述，根据传统的方法，沥青8层防水施工方法需要一种特殊的防水技术，因此，需要很多的人力费用。而且，改性沥青板防水施工方法需要精确的施工，和大量的材料消耗及人员费用，由于有许多接缝部分，因此不仅很难找到在接缝部分上发生缺陷情况下缺陷发生的位置，而且需要大量维修费用。As described above, according to the conventional method, the asphalt 8-layer waterproofing construction method requires a special waterproofing technique, and therefore, requires a lot of labor costs. Moreover, the modified asphalt board waterproofing construction method requires precise construction, and a large amount of material consumption and personnel costs. Since there are many joint parts, it is not only difficult to find the position where the defect occurs in the case of a defect on the joint part, but also Requires substantial repair costs.
与此同时，根据本发明，即使在困难的施工部分也很容易进行防水施工方法，在底表面的情况下，不使用保护砂浆可直接夯实压紧混凝土，从而能够达到施工费用削减，以及工期缩短，在由于施工不小心引起缺陷产生情况下，可简单的找到缺陷出现的位置，和可简单的修复其缺陷部分的效果。At the same time, according to the present invention, the waterproof construction method can be easily carried out even in the difficult construction part, and in the case of the bottom surface, the compacted concrete can be directly compacted without using protective mortar, so that construction cost reduction and shortened construction period can be achieved , in the case of defects caused by careless construction, the position of the defect can be easily found, and the effect of the defective part can be easily repaired.
如图12所示，在防水板的另一个实施例中，非渗透织物板可与沥青铺展膜防水材料结合。As shown in Figure 12, in another embodiment of the flashing, a non-permeable fabric sheet may be combined with a bitumen spread membrane waterproofing material.
在织物板的成分和标准中，包含作为主要成分的100％的无纺聚酯长纤维；重量(g/平方米)为100至150(KSK0550)；抗张强度(kg/平方米)为9至50(KSK0520)；和织物表面涂层和层压质量。In the composition and standard of the fabric board, it contains 100% non-woven polyester long fibers as the main component; the weight (g/m2) is 100 to 150 (KSK0550); the tensile strength (kg/m2) is 9 to 50 (KSK0520); and fabric surface coating and lamination quality.
织物板上涂敷具有30-60μm厚的聚乙烯涂层，并且织物板由聚乙烯薄膜与宽为100-150cm的织物经层压构成。The fabric board is coated with a polyethylene coating having a thickness of 30-60 μm, and the fabric board is formed by laminating a polyethylene film and a fabric with a width of 100-150 cm.
织物板是与石油沥青领域的沥青铺展膜防水材料相结合的非渗透板，该织物板在-30℃下保持高的恒定张力和挠曲性，还具有不腐蚀性能。The fabric panel is a non-permeable panel combined with the asphalt spreading membrane waterproof material in the field of petroleum asphalt. The fabric panel maintains high constant tension and flexibility at -30°C, and also has non-corrosive properties.
这种织物板防止水或潮气渗透进主体，而且永不会受碱性或氧化材料的伤害，另外不容易磨损或损坏。即使织物板在90℃以上断开时，织物板也不会有异常，因为板和沥青砂胶具有极佳挠曲性。因此，即使在施工困难的部分，接缝部分的施工很简单。在有点潮湿状态下，即甚至在母体的表面不完全干燥的情况下，可实行预备表面处理。The fabric panels prevent water or moisture from penetrating the body, are never harmed by alkaline or oxidizing materials, and are not easily abraded or damaged. Even when the fabric board is broken above 90°C, there will be no abnormality in the fabric board, because the board and asphalt mortar have excellent flexibility. Therefore, even in the difficult part of construction, the construction of the joint part is easy. Preparatory surface treatment can be carried out in a somewhat wet state, ie even if the surface of the precursor is not completely dry.
如上所述，在上述构造下，使本发明的沥青砂胶与织物板结合，以进行防水施工时，待施工的主体的表面应清洁，而且应首先进行防水缺陷发生部分的加强施工，然后进行防水的主要施工。As mentioned above, under the above configuration, when the asphalt mastic of the present invention is combined with the fabric board for waterproofing construction, the surface of the main body to be constructed should be cleaned, and the reinforcement construction of the part where the waterproofing defect occurs should be carried out first, and then the The main construction of waterproofing.
在粘附沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的下一步主要施工中，通过使用锯齿镘刀，在从下部位置至上部位置的方向上，沥青砂胶平整铺展成防水板的宽度，该防水板呈卷筒形式卷曲。然后，板摊铺在其上，由滚子轻压。In the next major construction step of adhering the bituminous mastic spreading membrane and slab, the bituminous mastic is spread evenly to the width of the flashing in the form of a roll in the direction from the lower position to the upper position by using a serrated trowel Curled in barrel form. The slabs are then spread over it, lightly pressed by rollers.
在这种防水板之间的接缝部分上，在首先铺展的防水板的一端侧上，宽度约10cm的沥青砂胶铺展1-2mm厚，然后防水板在其上双层摊铺，以便叠合，板由滚子轻压。然后，在左/右约5cm宽的连接端部上，在双层叠合防水板的接缝部分上，通过使用金属镘刀，作为加强材料的沥青砂胶铺展1-2mm厚；因此可防止水或潮气吸入接缝部分内。On the joint part between such waterproof boards, on one end side of the waterproof board that is spread first, asphalt mastic with a width of about 10cm is spread to a thickness of 1-2mm, and then the waterproof board is paved in double layers on it to facilitate stacking. Together, the board is lightly pressed by the rollers. Then, on the joint end of the left/right about 5cm wide, on the seam portion of the double-layer laminated waterproofing board, by using a metal trowel, bitumen mastic as a reinforcement material is spread 1-2mm thick; thus preventing water Or moisture is sucked into the seam part.
在垂直壁和底部之间的角部上，底部防水板呈向上提升约10cm指向垂直墙壁表面的形状粘附，防水板从垂直墙壁粘附，以便呈水平下推约20cm的形状双层叠合。这样，一个尺寸为2cm×2cm的凹槽位于从对应于垂直墙壁表面的底部算起高度至少超过30cm的位置，且叠合板插入凹槽内侧。此后，沥青砂胶填充进去。On the corner between the vertical wall and the bottom, the bottom waterproof board is attached in the shape of lifting about 10 cm to the surface of the vertical wall, and the waterproof board is attached from the vertical wall so as to be double-layered in the shape of pushing down about 20 cm horizontally. In this way, a recess measuring 2 cm x 2 cm is located at a position whose height exceeds at least 30 cm from the bottom corresponding to the vertical wall surface, and the laminated panels are inserted inside the recess. Thereafter, asphalt mastic is filled in.
在板粘附在墙壁表面上时，在从下部至上部的方向上，最好板在宽度方向上粘附在其上。在护墙部分上，保护砖(0.5B)垒砌，水泥砂浆填充进保护砖和防水层之间。在地下外墙的情况下，保护砖(0.5B)垒砌，且通过具有小砂砾等的土完成其填充施工。When the board is adhered on the wall surface, in the direction from the lower part to the upper part, it is preferable that the board is adhered thereto in the width direction. On the part of the retaining wall, protective bricks (0.5B) are built, and cement mortar is filled between the protective bricks and the waterproof layer. In the case of the underground outer wall, protective bricks (0.5B) are built, and its filling construction is done with soil with small gravel and the like.
在本发明的混凝土板的底面处理中，在沥青砂胶铺展膜和板的双层防水施工完成后，为了夯实压紧混凝土以便连续施工，因此进行丝网摊铺施工，此时，虽然没有保护砂浆用作防水层，即使丝网的锋利部分损害了板防水层，但不会引起沥青砂胶铺展膜防水层损害，因为布置在板防水层下的凝胶状态的沥青砂胶覆盖住防水层，使其与丝网的尖利部分分离。即，无需进行设置保护砂浆以用作防水层的施工，即可夯实压紧混凝土，这样减少了工程造价和工期。In the bottom surface treatment of the concrete slab of the present invention, after the double-layer waterproof construction of the asphalt mastic spreading membrane and the slab is completed, in order to compact the concrete for continuous construction, the wire mesh paving construction is carried out. At this time, although there is no protection Mortar is used as a waterproof layer, even if the sharp part of the wire mesh damages the waterproof layer of the board, it does not cause damage to the waterproof layer of the asphalt mastic spreading membrane, because the bitumen mastic in a gel state arranged under the waterproof layer of the board covers the waterproof layer , so that it is separated from the sharp part of the screen. That is, the compacted concrete can be compacted without performing the construction of setting protective mortar for use as a waterproof layer, which reduces the construction cost and construction period.
如上所述，根据本发明，摊铺在混凝土铺展体上的作为铺展膜防水材料的沥青砂胶具有强力的粘着力、极佳的弹性和挠曲性。而且，由于它不完全硬化，沥青砂胶形成挠曲的铺展膜防水层。摊铺在铺展膜上的防水板提供了最佳的双层防水效果。As described above, according to the present invention, the asphalt mastic as a spreading membrane waterproofing material spread on a concrete spreading body has strong adhesive force, excellent elasticity and flexibility. Also, since it is not fully hardened, bituminous mastic forms a deflected, spread-membrane waterproofing layer. The flashing laid over the spread membrane provides the best double layer waterproofing.
而且，在混凝土板的表面状态是平坦的情况下，不使用找平砂浆即可立即进行铺展膜防水材料的铺展，在铺展膜防水层上滩铺防水板之后，不需要设置保护砂浆以用作防水层的施工，其修整工作可连续进行，以便夯实压紧混凝土。因此，不仅工程造价可显著降低，而且工期可缩短。Moreover, when the surface state of the concrete slab is flat, the spreading of the spreading membrane waterproofing material can be carried out immediately without using leveling mortar, and after the waterproofing board is laid on the spreading membrane waterproofing layer, there is no need to set protective mortar for waterproofing The construction of the first layer, and its trimming work can be carried out continuously in order to tamp and compact the concrete. Therefore, not only the project cost can be significantly reduced, but also the construction period can be shortened.
另外，即使在施工困难的部分上，本发明可实现很容易的施工，而且，对于即使不是专业的防水技能工的不熟练工人，如果他仅熟悉施工方法，他也能完成本发明的施工，因为本施工方法很简单。而且，在-30℃时，本发明的挠曲性仍可保持，而不会受温度变化的影响，即使在60℃，沥青砂胶铺展膜防水层不会融化或损坏，因此可获得可靠的极佳的防水。In addition, the present invention can realize very easy construction even on the part where the construction is difficult, and even an unskilled worker who is not a professional waterproofing technician can complete the construction of the present invention if he is only familiar with the construction method, Because this construction method is very simple. Moreover, at -30°C, the flexibility of the present invention can still be maintained without being affected by temperature changes. Even at 60°C, the waterproof layer of the asphalt mastic spreading membrane will not melt or be damaged, so reliable Excellent waterproof.
尽管参见附图对本发明已作了描述，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，显然在不超出如权利要求书所限定的本发明的实质和范围的前提下，本发明可做不同的改变和修改。Although the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. .