CN1217772C - Container soleplate made of Russian wood and producing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a glued board used as a container bottom board and a manufacturing method thereof. The glued board is formed by that a wooden surface-layer single board, a long-core single board, a short-core single board and a bottom-layer single board are pressed in the hot state after being overlapped; the wooden single boards are made of at least one of Russian birch wood, larch, oak wood, ashtree, basswood and elm wood. The manufacturing method comprises the main manufacturing steps of rotary cutting, drying, glue preparation, glue application, blank assembly, prepressing, aging, hot pressing, etc. According to the present invention, the Russian birch wood, the larch, the oak wood, the ashtree, the basswood, the elm wood, etc. can be taken as raw materials to manufacture the glued board used as a container bottom board, the quality and the performance of which accord with the international industrial standards, thereby achieving the aims of replacing tropical hard wood with the Russian wood with medium density, protecting the ecological environment and reducing the manufacturing cost.

Description

Plywood for use as container floor and method for its production

technical field

The present invention relates to a plywood used as a container floor and a production method thereof, in particular to a plywood used as a container floor made of Russian wood such as birch, larch, oak and a production process thereof , Ash, Basswood, Elm.

Background technique

The wooden floor used for containers is different from ordinary plywood, and its vertical and horizontal static bending strength, elastic modulus, glue strength, appearance quality, processing accuracy, etc. have high technical requirements. For more than 20 years, the world's container floor has almost all relied on thick plywood made of high-density hard broad-leaved wood grown in tropical rainforests as the bottom plate. The growth cycle of high-density hard broad leaves is long. Due to long-term excessive harvesting, tropical rainforest resources are facing depletion. In order to protect the ecological environment and meet the growing demand for container floors in the modern transportation industry. It is urgent to develop container floor materials of new materials.

Chinese patent application CN 1295018A (hereinafter referred to as comparative document 1) discloses the method for making container plywood by the timbers in the densities such as birch, poplar, ash, oak, etc. In the prior art, the container bottom plate market using birch production has been There are products sold and used. Fraxinus mandshurica and oak wood have also been used in container floors. Purely using one or a combination of medium-density broad-leaved tree species is a mature technology for manufacturing container floors, but the production cycle of broad-leaved tree species is long. Resources Limited and uncontrolled deforestation will still cause damage to the environment.

Although Chinese utility model patent CN 2516497Y (hereinafter referred to as comparative document 3) discloses the use of larch of coniferous species and birch of broad-leaved species to manufacture container bottom plates, it specifically discloses that "plywood is composed of wooden surface veneer, long core veneer, short The core veneer and the bottom veneer are hot-pressed after being overlapped, wherein the wooden veneer is formed by mixing larch and birch veneer", but experiments show that it is manufactured according to Reference Document 3 The bottom plate of the container does not reach the load-bearing requirements of the container, and its disclosed technology is defective.

In order to find new materials for the production of container floors, larch is a tree species with extremely rich resources. Some people have long hoped to use it to replace broad-leaved tree species to produce container floors. However, due to the defects of larch material itself, such as high oil content and loose material , easy to crack, etc. Although many people have carried out research in this area since the 1990s, they have not been able to make breakthroughs in technology. Therefore, larch has not been practically used in the container floor industry, and many people think that it is not feasible to use larch to manufacture container floors from a technical point of view. Russia, a country next to my country, is rich in forest resources, especially rich in birch, larch, oak, ash, basswood, elm and other wood. According to the Russian Federal Forestry Service's survey data on Russian forest resources, Russia's timber stock volume is 75 billion cubic meters, with good materials, beautiful textures and low prices. Therefore, how to produce plywood that meets the load-bearing requirements of containers by using Russian wood that is rich in resources and cheap in price has great economic and social value.

Contents of the invention

One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a novel material for the container floor, using plywood made of Russian wood as the container floor. The container floor made of Russian wood has the advantages of rich source of wood raw material, good material and low manufacturing cost. So as to replace the tropical hardwood resources lacking in ecological resources, and achieve the purpose of reducing costs and protecting the ecological environment.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing plywood for containers using Russian wood as raw material. The quality and performance of the plywood for containers produced and processed by this method meet the load-bearing requirements of the container.

In order to achieve the above object, the first technical solution solved by the present invention is:

A plywood used as a container floor, comprising a wooden surface veneer, a long core veneer, a short core veneer and a bottom veneer. core veneer, and the other long core veneers and short core veneers are alternately arranged to form a plywood with a total number of layers of 17 to 29 layers. It is characterized in that the plywood is selected from Russian larch and Russian birch, oak At least one of wood, ash, basswood, and elm wood is made by the following steps:

a. Cut the logs into veneers with a thickness of 1.2-2.5mm, and dry them until the moisture content of the long-core veneer and short-core veneer is 6-10%; the moisture content of the surface veneer and the bottom veneer is 10% ~15%;

b. Mix the Russian larch veneer whose moisture content meets the requirements with at least one of Russian birch, oak, ash, basswood and elm wood, and coat the even-numbered veneer on both sides with Phenolic glue with appropriate amount of preservatives;

c. Alternately stack the unglued veneers and the glued veneers to a predetermined thickness, and perform two-stage hot pressing under a certain pressure and temperature to form a plywood.

The wood veneer is composed of two or more types of wood selected from Russian larch and Russian birch, oak, ash, basswood and elm veneer;

The thickness of the veneer is preferably 1.5-1.6 mm;

The moisture content of the long core veneer and the short core veneer is preferably 8%; the moisture content of the surface veneer and the bottom veneer is preferably 10%.

The thickness of the plywood obtained by processing the multi-layer veneer through billet assembly, cloth gluing, aging, hot pressing, etc. is 25-41 mm, preferably 28 mm.

The total number of layers of the container floor consisting of Russian wood surface veneer, long core veneer, short core veneer and bottom veneer is preferably 19 or 21 layers.

The second technical solution solved by the present invention is: a production method for container floor plywood, comprising the following steps:

a. Cut the logs into veneers with a thickness of 1.2-2.5 mm, and dry them until the moisture content of the long-core veneer and short-core veneer is 6-10%, preferably 8%; the surface veneer and the bottom layer The moisture content of the veneer is 10-15%, preferably 10%.

b. Apply phenolic glue containing an appropriate amount of preservative to both sides of the even-numbered veneer with the required moisture content;

c. According to the size of the plywood to be produced, alternately stack the unglued veneer and the glued veneer to a predetermined thickness, and perform cold pressing at room temperature to form a rough board, and the pressure is not greater than that to be hot pressed. pressure;

d. Aging the pre-pressed rough slab for 120-240 minutes;

e. At a temperature of 135-145°C, carry out two-stage hot pressing on the cold-pressed and aged blank board. The first stage: apply a pressure of 1.4-1.8Mpa for hot pressing, and continue hot pressing for 20-35 minutes , the pressure of the second stage is 0.3-0.5Mpa, and the time is 10-20 minutes.

In the present invention, the log can be composed of at least one selected from Russian larch and Russian birch, oak, ash, basswood, and elm;

The pressure of the first stage of applying pressure to the multi-layer veneer is preferably 1.4-1.6MPA, and the duration of pressing is 25-30 minutes; the pressure of the second stage of applying pressure is preferably 0.3-0.4Mpa, and the time is 10-15 minutes , the temperature when the pressure is applied is 135-140°C.

In the present invention, the logs may also be composed of two or more woods selected from Russian larch, Russian birch, oak, ash, basswood and elm.

The double-sided coating amount of the phenolic glue is 350-420 grams per square meter.

The preservative used in the gluing step is 4-bromo-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, containing preservative The amount accounts for 4-5% of the glue amount.

The thickness of the veneer is preferably 1.5-1.6 mm.

The thickness of the plywood is 25-41 mm, preferably 28 mm.

The total number of layers of the veneer is 17-29 layers, preferably 19 layers or 21 layers.

Adopting the plywood for container bottom plate and its production method of the present invention as mentioned above breaks the traditional concept and adopts Russian wood with rich sources of wood raw materials, which has the advantages of good material, simple production process, low manufacturing cost, stable product performance, and is conducive to ecology. Environmental protection and other advantages. Utilize the plywood for the bottom plate of the container that the present invention produces to meet the International Container Lessors Association 2002.9 Technical Bulletin (abbreviated IICL2002.9 Technical Bulletin) about the technical terms of the container floor, and the test results are as follows:

1) WAS container floor small flawless test piece test: ≥ 7.5KN (IICL2002.9 technical bulletin requires ≥ 6.9KN); IICL2002.9 technical bulletin

2) Shear test: ≥3.42MPA (IICL2002.9 technical bulletin requires ≥3.4MPA);

3) Cyclic boiling test: pass rate ≥ 95% (IICL2002.9 technical bulletin requires pass rate ≥ 90%).

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with examples.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, a container floor plywood is made of 19 layers of 1.60 mm thick Russian birch and basswood veneers, which are processed by billeting, gluing, aging, and hot pressing. The thickness of the processed plywood is 28 mm. 1 and 2 in Figure 1 are Russian basswood veneers, and 3 and 5 are 10 long-core Russian birch veneers arranged vertically. Two sheets of veneer are arranged consecutively above the bottom veneer, and the other long-core veneers are alternately arranged with 7 Russian birch short-core veneers arranged horizontally. Its production steps are as follows:

1. Log sawing: sawing Russian birch and basswood into wood sections according to the required size;

2. Log rotary cutting: the wood section is rotary cut into a veneer with a thickness of 1.60mm;

3. Drying: Dry the veneer after rotary cutting with drying equipment. The moisture content of each veneer after drying is as follows: the moisture content of long core veneer and short core veneer is 8%, and the moisture content of surface veneer and bottom veneer Moisture content is 10%;

4. Cutting the veneer: cut the dried veneer according to the required size;

5. Glue adjustment and glue application: phenolic glue is used for cloth glue, and an appropriate amount of 4-bromo-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) is added to the glue. ) preservative of pyrrole-3-nitrile, double-sided cloth glue for even-numbered veneers, the amount of cloth glue is 350 g/square meter;

6. Blank assembly: the surface bottom plate is Russian basswood veneer, two Russian birch long-core veneers are arranged consecutively on the underside of the surface veneer and above the bottom veneer, and the remaining 6 vertically arranged Russian birch long-core veneers Alternately arranged with 7 Russian birch short-core veneers arranged horizontally;

7. Preloading: The preloading pressure is 1.2MPA, and the time is 30 minutes;

8. Surface and bottom panel repair: make appropriate repairs according to the damage of the panel;

9. Aging: aging the pre-pressed blank board for 130 minutes;

10. Hot pressing: Two-stage hot pressing is carried out on the cold-pressed rough plate. The hot-pressing temperature is 135°C, the first stage pressure is 1.4MPA, and the time is 40 minutes. The second stage pressure is 0.5MPA, and the time is 15 minutes. minutes; its veneer compression rate is 10.6%

11. Trimming: Trimming the cooled blank board;

12. Sanding and repairing: Sanding and repairing are carried out according to the condition of the panel;

13. Chamfering and grading: According to the structure of the container bottom frame, process the appropriate format size, tenoning and grooving to get the finished product.

The 19 layers of container floor produced by Russian timber and production process of the present invention have the following physical properties:

Bending strength: 7.5KN, shear strength: 3.42MPA, passing rate of cyclic boiling test: 96%

Example 2

As shown in Figure 2, a kind of plywood for container bottom plate is made of 21 layers of 1.50mm thick Russian basswood, oak wood, and larch veneer, which are processed by forming blanks, gluing, aging, and hot pressing. The processing steps are the same. Example 1, the thickness of the processed plywood is 28mm, 6 and 7 in Figure 2 are Russian basswood veneers, 8, 10, etc. are 10 long-core Russian oak veneers arranged vertically, and the surface veneer Two sheets are arranged continuously on the lower side and above the bottom veneer, and the remaining long-core veneers are alternately arranged with seven short-core veneers 9 of Russian larch wood arranged horizontally. All veneers are 1.50 mm thick; the moisture content of the long and short core veneers is 8%, and the moisture content of the surface and bottom veneers is 12%. The cloth glue uses phenolic glue, and an appropriate amount of anti-corrosion agent containing 4-bromo-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile is added to the glue. agent. Even-numbered veneer with double-sided cloth glue, the amount of glue is 350 g/m2; the pre-pressing pressure is 1.4MPA, 35 minutes; aging for 160 minutes; the hot-pressing temperature is 140℃, the first stage pressure is 1.5MPA, and the time is 40 Minutes, the pressure of the second stage is 0.4MPA, and the time is 13 minutes; the compression rate of the veneer is 10.6%; according to the structure of the container bottom frame, process the appropriate format size, tenon and groove to get the finished product.

The 21 layers of container floor produced by Russian timber and production process of the present invention have the following physical properties:

Bending strength: 7.6KN, shear strength: 3.40MPA, pass rate of cycle boiling test: 97%.

Claims (11)

1, a kind of glued board as container bottom board, comprise wooden face ply, long core veneer, short core veneer and bottom veneer, each arranges two-layer at least long core veneer continuously described face ply downside and bottom veneer upside, all the other long core veneers and alternate being staggered of short core veneer, form total number of plies and be 17～29 layers glued board, it is characterized in that described glued board is made by following steps by being selected from least a in Muscovite larch and Muscovite birch, toothed oak wood, Manchurian ash, linden, the elm timber:

A, log is cut into the veneer that thickness is all 1.2～2.5 millimeters, and the moisture content that is dried to long core veneer and short core veneer is 6～10%; The moisture content of face ply and bottom veneer is 10～15%;

B, moisture content is met the requirements of at least a assembly that mixes in Muscovite larch veneer and Muscovite birch, toothed oak wood, Manchurian ash, linden, the elm timber, contain the phenolic aldehyde glue of an amount of anticorrisive agent at even level veneer double spread;

C, will be not the veneer of cementing and the veneer that has been coated with glue be stacked alternately to predetermined thickness, and under certain pressure and temperature, carry out two-part and be hot pressed into glued board.

2, the glued board as container bottom board according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Wooden veneer is made up of two or more the timber mixing assembly that is selected from Muscovite larch and Muscovite birch, toothed oak wood, Manchurian ash, linden, the elm veneer.

3, the glued board as container bottom board according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the moisture content of described long core veneer and short core veneer is 8%, and the moisture content of described face ply and bottom veneer is 10%.

4, the glued board as container bottom board according to claim 1 is characterized in that described veneer thickness is 1.5～1.6 millimeters.

5, the glued board as container bottom board according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described glued board thickness is 25～41 millimeters.

6, the glued board as container bottom board according to claim 5 is characterized in that described glued board thickness is 28 millimeters.

7, a kind of production method as glued board for underplate of container comprises the steps:

A, log is cut into the veneer that thickness is all 1.2～2.5 millimeters, and the moisture content that is dried to long core veneer and short core veneer is 6～10%; The moisture content of face ply and bottom veneer is 10～15%;

B, moisture content is met the requirements of the phenolic aldehyde glue that even level veneer double spread in the veneer contains an amount of anticorrisive agent; Described anticorrisive agent is 4-bromo-2-(right-chlorphenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyrroles-3-nitrile, and the amount that contains anticorrisive agent accounts for the 4-5% of described glue quantity;

C, according to the size of the glued board that will produce, the veneer of cementing not and the veneer that has been coated with glue are stacked alternately to predetermined thickness, and the formation blank flat of at room temperature colding pressing, pressure is not more than the pressure that will carry out hot pressing;

D, will display through the blank flat of precompressed, the time is 120-240 minute;

E, under 135-145 ℃ temperature, to carrying out two-part hot pressing, first section through the blank flat colding pressing, display: the pressure that applies 1.4-1.8Mpa pressure carries out hot pressing, continues hot pressing 20-35 minute, second section pressure is 0.3-0.5Mpa, time 10-20 minute;

Described log can by be selected from Muscovite larch and Muscovite birch, toothed oak wood, Manchurian ash, linden, at least a of elm formed.

8, the production method that is used as the glued board of container bottom board according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described log also can be made up of two or more the timber that is selected from Muscovite larch and Muscovite birch, toothed oak wood, Manchurian ash, linden, elm.

9, the production method that is used as the glued board of container bottom board according to claim 7 is characterized in that first section pressure that described multilayer veneer is exerted pressure is 1.4-1.6MPA, and the duration of exerting pressure is 25-30 minute; Second section pressure when exerting pressure is 0.3-0.4Mpa, and time 10-15 minute, the temperature when exerting pressure was 135-140 ℃.

10, the production method of the glued board as container bottom board according to claim 7, the double spread amount of wherein said phenolic aldehyde glue be the 350-420 gram/square metre.

11, the production method that is used as the glued board of container bottom board according to claim 7, the moisture content that wherein is dried to long core veneer and short core veneer is 8%; The moisture content of face ply and bottom veneer is 10%.

Images