CN121748832A - Dendritic direct current grounding electrode for smart power grid and design method thereof - Google Patents
Dendritic direct current grounding electrode for smart power grid and design method thereofInfo
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- CN121748832A CN121748832A CN202610244221.6A CN202610244221A CN121748832A CN 121748832 A CN121748832 A CN 121748832A CN 202610244221 A CN202610244221 A CN 202610244221A CN 121748832 A CN121748832 A CN 121748832A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of direct current grounding electrodes, and particularly relates to a branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart power grid and a design method of the branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode. The technical scheme is that the branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for the intelligent power grid comprises an electrode, a central device or a grounding electrode line terminal tower, wherein the electrode comprises a linear electrode main body, a ring-shaped end electrode, a central device or a grounding electrode line terminal tower, the ring-shaped end electrode is arranged close to the other end of the linear electrode main body, the electrode is divided into a plurality of sections, and each section of the electrode is connected with a feed cable which is connected with the central device or the grounding electrode line terminal tower through a current conducting wire. The invention provides a branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid and a design method thereof, which ensure the leakage effect of the electrode and simultaneously avoid various problems of large-scale disassembly and the like caused by surrounding a large number of houses due to annular arrangement of the electrode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of direct current grounding electrodes, and particularly relates to a branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart power grid and a design method of the branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode.
Background
At present, the built direct current grounding electrode for production in China mostly adopts circular, runway-shaped and other horizontal shallow buried annular arrangement schemes. The scheme has the advantages of uniform current distribution, convenient construction and operation, and the like, but generally requires a larger field of an extreme site area, flatter overall topography, thicker soil layer, and the like. For some mountain areas, hills and even plain areas, the available polar address resources may be extremely rare under the influence of the topography, geology, soil resistivity or related facilities such as metal pipelines, railways, houses and the like of the polar address, and then the available polar address may not have the characteristics of large field, flatter overall topography and the like, and may not be suitable for the annular arrangement modes such as overall circular, elliptical, runway-shaped and the like or have poor technical and economic performances after adoption.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid and a design method thereof, wherein the electrodes are arranged in a strip shape according to the distribution condition of physical isolation facilities such as electrode site regional topography and houses, the electrodes are arranged in a strip-shaped region which is relatively flat, thicker in soil layer and lower in soil resistivity, various physical isolation facilities such as houses can be flexibly avoided, the drainage effect of the electrodes is ensured, and various problems such as large-scale disassembly and the like caused by surrounding a large number of houses due to annular arrangement of the electrodes are avoided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for the intelligent power grid comprises an electrode, a central device or a grounding electrode line terminal tower, wherein the electrode comprises a linear electrode main body, a plurality of linear electrode branches arranged close to the linear electrode main body, and an annular end electrode arranged close to the other end of the linear electrode branches, the electrode is divided into a plurality of sections, each section of the electrode is connected with a feed cable, and the feed cable is connected with the central device or the grounding electrode line terminal tower through a current lead.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the material of the electrode comprises an active filler material and a plurality of feeding elements embedded in the active filler material, the feeding cable being connected to the plurality of feeding elements within a segment of the electrode.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the material of the feed element is high silicon ferrochrome or high silicon cast iron, the feed cable comprises a distribution cable and a plurality of drain cables which are arranged on the feed element in one section of the electrode, the distribution cable is laid along with the electrode, the distribution cable is connected with the drain wire, a plurality of welding heads are arranged on the distribution cable, and the plurality of drain cables are welded on one welding head of the distribution cable in a group.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the material of the feed element is a steel bar, the feed cable comprises a plurality of drain cables which are arranged on the feed elements in one section of the electrode, and the drain cables which are arranged on the feed elements in one section of the electrode are connected with a drain wire.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the current-guiding lines are arranged in an overhead laying or underground laying mode, the central equipment or the grounding electrode line terminal tower is connected with a bus bar, and a plurality of current-guiding lines are connected with the bus bar.
A design method of a branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart power grid comprises the following steps:
S1, determining recommended electrode addresses according to distribution conditions of barrier facilities including surrounding metal pipelines, railways and substations and comprehensively considering the conditions of the electrode addresses;
S2, recommending an electrode site survey, namely performing survey and fund collection on recommended electrode sites, wherein the survey comprises topographic map measurement, topography, geological structure, seismic parameters, stratum lithology, groundwater level, adverse geological effects, mineral resources, shallow and deep soil resistivity, soil heat capacity and heat conductivity, hydraulic engineering, flood inundation, waterlogging, scouring and soil temperature;
S3, determining an electrode arrangement scheme;
s4, designing a diversion system;
S5, designing auxiliary facilities, namely definitely comprising the setting positions, the number and the related requirements of the auxiliary facilities of a seepage well, a detection well, a drainage well and a marking pile according to the specification requirements and in combination with the actual engineering situation;
And S6, the influence of the grounding electrode on surrounding facilities and the protection design are calculated, analyzed and recommended to the influence condition of the electrode address on surrounding related facilities including substations, power plants, converter stations, metal pipelines and railways, and a treatment scheme is provided for the related facilities with influence.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes the following specific steps:
S31, screening out each relatively flat strip-shaped area with thicker soil layer and capable of being provided with an electrode arrangement according to the distribution conditions of facilities including the topography, the landform and the houses of the electrode area;
S32, estimating the required electrode length according to the design system condition, and combining the screened strip areas to formulate all possible electrode arrangement schemes;
s33, performing simulation calculation on each electrode arrangement scheme, determining relevant technical parameters including electrode burial depth, electrode materials and sizes of each scheme, performing verification including step potential difference, and determining whether each arrangement scheme meets the technical condition requirements;
And S34, carrying out comprehensive comparison on each arrangement scheme meeting the technical condition requirements by combining the engineering quantity and the overflow density deviation coefficient, and determining a recommended electrode arrangement scheme.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S33, the step-by-step potential difference verification is performed as follows:
;
Wherein U pm is the maximum allowable stride potential difference of the grounding electrode, U pm=7.42+0.0318ρs,ρs is the equivalent resistivity of the surface soil of the electrode address area, and U max is the maximum calculated value of the stride potential difference under the designed electrode arrangement scheme;
The overflow density deviation coefficient is used as one of indexes for evaluating the merits and merits of the respective electrode arrangement schemes, the overflow density deviation coefficient k er is defined as:
;
Wherein I d is the current flowing into the ground electrode, τ av is the average overflow density, τ (L) is the overflow density at any point, and L is the total length of the electrode.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes the following specific steps:
S41, selecting the site of a central device or a grounding electrode line terminal tower, wherein the central device is arranged near the geometric center position of the integral electrode as much as possible;
S42, determining a drainage line scheme, namely determining that the drainage line adopts an overhead line or buried cable mode according to the conditions including an electrode arrangement scheme and ground topography;
S43, electrode segmentation scheme establishment, namely segmenting according to the length and the position of each linear electrode trunk and each linear electrode branch, and establishing all possible segmentation schemes, wherein the segmentation scheme establishment aims at ensuring that current of a current lead is as uniform as possible;
S44, determining the number, model and section of distribution cables and current lead wires according to the electrode segmentation scheme, and determining the laying path, the laying mode and the burial depth of the distribution cables and the current lead wires;
S45, combining engineering quantity and current distribution uniformity coefficient of the current conducting wire to carry out comprehensive comparison and selection on each electrode segmentation scheme, and determining recommended electrode segmentation scheme and current conducting system design scheme.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S45, the current distribution uniformity coefficient σ of the drain wire is defined as:
;
Wherein I i is the total current of the current-carrying lines on each segmented electrode under a certain electrode segmentation scheme, mu is the average value of the total current of the current-carrying lines of each segmented electrode under a certain electrode segmentation scheme, and n is the segmentation number of the electrodes.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the branch-shaped grounding electrode can be arranged in a strip shape according to the distribution condition of physical partition facilities such as the topography of an electrode site area and houses, the electrodes are arranged in a strip-shaped area which is relatively flat, has a thicker soil layer and has lower soil resistivity, various physical partition facilities such as the houses and the like can be flexibly avoided, the drainage effect of the electrodes is ensured, various problems such as large-range disassembly and the like caused by surrounding a large number of houses due to annular arrangement of the electrodes are avoided, the construction technical conditions are met, the construction cost and the construction coordination difficulty are reduced, and a new thought and reference are provided for the design of unconventional direct-current grounding electrode arrangement in the future.
2. The design of the grounding electrode needs to meet the requirements of various technical conditions such as current carrying, temperature rise, corrosion, grounding resistance, stride potential difference, contact potential difference, transfer potential, surface current density and the like, and ensures the safe and reliable operation of the grounding electrode under corresponding system conditions and within the design life time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the connection of a feeder cable to a feeder element;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode of a feeder cable;
FIG. 4 is a connection block diagram of a distribution cable and a current lead;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a layout of an electrode double ring circular scheme;
FIG. 7 is a layout of an electrode double loop racetrack scheme;
FIG. 8 is a layout of an electrode dendrite arrangement;
FIG. 9 is a layout of an electrode closed single loop scheme;
FIG. 10 is a layout of an electrode single loop + line 2 scheme;
FIG. 11 is a layout of an electrode split ring scheme;
FIG. 12 is a layout of an electrode split ring + line scheme;
FIG. 13 is a layout of an electrode single loop + line 1 scheme;
FIG. 14 is a layout of an electrode double wire scheme;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an electrode in 8-segment best mode;
FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of an electrode in 9 segments;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of an electrode in 10-stage best mode;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of an electrode segment 11;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of an electrode in 12 segments;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a design of a grounding electrode diversion system in an embodiment.
In the figure, 1-electrode, 2-center equipment or earth electrode line termination tower, 3-feeder cable, 4-current lead, 11-active filler material, 12-feeder element, 31-distribution cable, 32-current lead cable, 33-weld head, 41-bus bar.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for the smart grid comprises an electrode 1, wherein the electrode 1 comprises a straight line electrode 1 trunk, an annular end electrode 1, a central device or a grounding electrode line terminal tower 2, the annular end electrode 1 is arranged close to the other end of the straight line electrode 1 trunk and is arranged close to the straight line electrode 1 trunk, the electrode 1 is divided into a plurality of sections, each section of the electrode 1 is connected with a feed cable 3, and the feed cable 3 is connected with the central device or the grounding electrode line terminal tower 2 through a current conducting wire 4.
Wherein the material of the electrode 1 comprises an active filler material 11 and a number of feeding elements 12 embedded in the active filler material 11, the feeding cable 3 being connected to the number of feeding elements 12 within one section of the electrode 1.
When the material of the feeding element 12 is high silicon ferrochrome or high silicon cast iron, the feeding cable 3 comprises a distribution cable 31 and a plurality of drainage cables 32 which are arranged on the feeding element 12 in a section of the electrode 1, the distribution cable 31 is laid along with the electrode 1, the distribution cable 31 is connected with the drainage wire 4, a plurality of welding heads 33 are arranged on the distribution cable 31, and the plurality of drainage cables 32 are welded on one welding head 33 of the distribution cable 31 in a group.
When the material of the feeding element 12 is a steel rod, the distribution cable 31 is not needed, the feeding cable 3 comprises a plurality of drainage cables 32 on the feeding element 12 in one section of the electrode 1, and the drainage cables 32 on the feeding element 12 in one section of the electrode 1 are connected with one drainage wire 4.
The current-conducting wires 4 are arranged in an overhead laying or underground laying mode, the central equipment or the grounding electrode line terminal tower 2 is connected with a bus bar 41, and a plurality of current-conducting wires 4 are connected with the bus bar 41.
In order to ensure that the grounding electrode safely and reliably operates under corresponding system conditions and within the design life time, the design of the grounding electrode needs to meet the technical condition requirements of current carrying, temperature rise, corrosion, grounding resistance, stepping potential difference, contact potential difference, transfer potential, surface current density and the like. The system conditions, technical conditions and the like related to the design of the DC grounding electrode are discussed in detail in the specifications of DL/T5224-2014, high-voltage DC power transmission ground return System design technical specification, and the like, and only the design method and flow of the dendritic grounding electrode are discussed in detail.
As shown in fig. 5, the design method of the branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for the smart grid comprises the following steps:
S1, determining recommended electrode addresses according to distribution conditions of surrounding metal pipelines, railways, substations and other obstacle facilities, and comprehensively considering the conditions of the electrode addresses.
And S2, recommending an electrode site survey, namely performing survey and collection of topography measurement, topography, geological structure, seismic parameters, stratum lithology, groundwater level, adverse geological effects, mineral resources, shallow and deep soil resistivity, soil thermal capacity and heat conductivity, hydraulic engineering, flood inundation, waterlogging, scouring, soil temperature and the like on the recommended electrode site.
S3, electrode 1 arrangement scheme determination:
S31, screening out each strip-shaped area which is relatively flat and has thicker soil layer and can be used for arranging the electrode 1 according to the distribution conditions of facilities such as topography, landform, houses and the like of the polar region;
S32, estimating the required length of the electrode 1 according to the design system condition, and combining the screened strip areas to make all possible electrode 1 arrangement schemes, wherein in the process of making the electrode 1 arrangement scheme, the following points need to be noted in order to obtain a relatively better scheme:
a) The whole electrode 1 is preferably extended as short as possible in all directions, so that the whole electrode 1 is arranged as much as possible to be 'round and muddy' so as to reduce the non-uniformity of the leakage flow density;
b) The electrodes 1 are preferably arranged as symmetrically as possible, so that the running performance is improved, meanwhile, the arrangement scheme of the diversion system is considered, and the diversion balance degree and reliability of the diversion system are improved;
c) In the process of selecting an embedded path, the number of rotation angles of the linear electrode 1 is preferably reduced as much as possible, so that a large rotation angle is avoided, and the leakage flow density value at the rotation angle is reduced;
d) At the end with the maximum overflow density, a proper flow equalizing ring, such as a runway-shaped end electrode 1, can be arranged according to the field size so as to reduce end effect;
S33, carrying out simulation calculation on each electrode 1 arrangement scheme, determining relevant technical parameters such as the burial depth of the electrode 1, the materials and the dimensions of the electrode 1 and the like of each scheme, carrying out verification such as the stepping potential difference and the like, and determining whether each arrangement scheme meets the technical condition requirement;
and S34, carrying out comprehensive comparison on each arrangement scheme meeting the technical condition requirements by combining engineering quantity, overflow density deviation coefficient and the like, and determining the recommended electrode 1 arrangement scheme.
S4, designing a diversion system:
S41, selecting the site of a central device or a grounding electrode line terminal tower 2, wherein the central device is preferably arranged near the geometric center position of the integral electrode 1 as much as possible;
S42, determining a diversion system scheme, namely determining that the diversion system adopts an overhead line or buried cable mode according to the arrangement scheme of the electrodes 1, the ground topography and the like;
s43, establishing an electrode 1 segmentation scheme, namely establishing all possible segmentation schemes according to the length and the position of each branch electrode 1, wherein the segmentation scheme establishment aims at ensuring that the current of a current conducting line is as uniform as possible, and the segmentation number is not excessive so as not to excessively complicate the current conducting system;
s44, determining the number, model, section and the like of the distribution cables 31 and the current lead wires according to the segmentation scheme of each electrode 1, and determining the laying paths, the laying modes, the burial depths and the like of the distribution cables;
S45, combining engineering quantity, current distribution uniformity coefficient of a current guiding line and the like to carry out comprehensive comparison and selection on the segmentation scheme of each electrode 1, and determining the recommended segmentation scheme of the electrode 1 and the design scheme of the current guiding system.
And S5, designing auxiliary facilities, namely determining the setting positions, the number, the related requirements and the like of the auxiliary facilities such as the seepage well, the detection well, the drainage well, the identification pile and the like according to the specification requirements and combining with the actual engineering conditions.
And S6, the influence of the grounding electrode on surrounding facilities and the protection design are calculated and analyzed, the influence condition of the recommended electrode address on surrounding substations, power plants, converter stations, metal pipelines, railways, and the like is calculated and analyzed, and a treatment scheme is provided for the relevant facilities with influence.
In step S33, the step-by-step potential difference verification is performed as follows:
;
Wherein U pm is the maximum allowable stepping potential difference of the grounding electrode, U pm=7.42+0.0318ρs,ρs is the equivalent resistivity (omega.m) of the soil on the surface layer of the electrode address area, and U max is the maximum calculated value of the stepping potential difference under the designed electrode 1 arrangement scheme;
Unlike circular, racetrack, etc., the branch-shaped ground poles are arranged in a linear shape, and the distribution of the overflow density of the feeding element 12 is more uneven, so that the overflow density deviation coefficient can be used as one of indexes for evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of various branch-shaped arrangement schemes. The overflow density deviation coefficient k er is defined as:
;
Wherein I d is the earth current of the earth electrode, tau av is the average overflow density, tau (L) is the overflow density of any point, and L is the total length of the electrode 1.
Because the length and the distribution position of each segment electrode 1 of the branch-shaped grounding electrode may be different, the segment scheme of the branch-shaped grounding electrode 1 may be more, and the current magnitude of each current lead 4 is closely related to the segment scheme of the electrode 1 when the current guiding system is designed, if the segment scheme is unreasonable, the current difference among the current leads to larger, the utilization rate of the current lead is reduced, and meanwhile, the safe and stable operation of the grounding electrode is threatened. For the current uniformity of each current lead 4, no related evaluation index is temporarily found in the current regulation specification, the current uniformity coefficient of the current lead 4 is introduced to evaluate the uniformity degree of the current lead 4 in each sectional scheme of the branch-shaped grounding electrode, and the smaller the value is, the better the uniformity is.
In step S45, the current distribution uniformity coefficient σ of the current lead 4 is defined as:
;
Wherein I i is the total current of the current lead 4 on each segmented electrode 1 under the segmentation scheme of a certain electrode 1, mu is the average value of the total current of the current lead 4 of each segmented electrode 1 under the segmentation scheme of a certain electrode 1, and n is the segmentation number of the electrode 1.
Example 1:
1. basic condition of a grounding electrode address of a certain converter station:
The topography of the polar region is wholly low-altitude hills and valleys, and the field is relatively irregular, uneven and messy. The land is mainly mountain bags and valley lands which are generally about 30-50 m wide, the local area can reach 100m, the land is mainly farmland, and more houses are scattered in the polar region area.
2. The arrangement scheme of the grounding electrode 1 of the convertor station is as follows:
Aiming at the characteristics of relatively irregular, uneven and messy polar sites and scattered distribution of a plurality of houses, 9 electrode 1 arrangement schemes such as double-ring round, double-ring runway-shaped, branch-shaped and the like are planned in engineering design, as shown in fig. 6-14. In view of the large land height difference, thin soil coverage and high soil resistivity in the polar region, the lower electrode 1 is arranged in the farmland valley with the soil coverage layer thickness and low soil resistivity as much as possible in all the arrangement schemes.
The limited electrode address area range results in limited length of the electrodes 1, and through the verification of stride potential difference, only 3 arrangement schemes such as double-ring circular, double-ring runway-shaped, branch-shaped and the like can meet the technical condition requirements.
Under the double-ring round and double-ring runway-shaped scheme, limited by the topography of the polar site, the 2 arrangement schemes all need to produce house disassembly, and meanwhile need to surround a piece of dense houses, so that the large risks of construction resistance and the like possibly brought during subsequent construction and operation are avoided, and the enclosed houses also need to be disassembled. Therefore, on the premise that the technical and economic comparison conditions of 3 arrangement schemes such as double-ring round, double-ring runway-shaped, branch-shaped and the like are shown in the table 1.
Table 1 is a comparative table of technical economics for double ring circular, double ring racetrack, and dendritic schemes.
Note that 1, each scheme investment estimation takes a dendritic scheme as a reference and takes the value added consideration, 2, the maximum allowable stride potential difference is 7.98V/m, the maximum allowable grounding electrode temperature is 90 ℃, and the maximum surface current density at the contact surface of the allowable coke and the soil is 1A/m 2.
As can be seen from table 1, the dendrite-shaped scheme is a recommended scheme because it has a slightly longer length than the other two schemes due to the more uneven leakage density of the dendrite-shaped grounding electrode compared with the required electrode 1, but it has no house removal, does not surround a dense house, has little difficulty in construction coordination and is economical.
3. The design of the current guiding system of the grounding electrode of the converter station is as follows:
The technical and economic comparison and selection determine that the grounding electrode adopts a branch-shaped arrangement scheme, the electrode 1 comprises 8 branches, the total length is 5172m, the burial depth is 4.5m, the grounding electrode is simultaneously determined according to the land topography and the facility distribution condition of the field, the grounding electrode is provided with a central equipment area and is positioned near the geometric center position of the integral electrode 1, and meanwhile, the diversion system adopts a buried cable mode.
According to the design principle of the branch-shaped grounding electrode flow guiding system and combining the practical situation of the engineering, 5 large schemes of 8 sections, 12 sections and the like are planned when the electrode 1 is segmented, and 28 detailed schemes are taken in total.
The optimal solution under the 5-large solution is selected for comprehensive comparison, as shown in fig. 15-19, and each solution comparison case is shown in table 2.
Table 2 is a comparison table of 5 electrode 1 segmentation schemes.
Note that the total investment of each scheme is based on the 11-segment optimal scheme, and is considered according to increment.
From the aspect of current uniformity of the current conducting lines, the current distribution uniformity coefficient of the cable in the 11-segment scheme is the smallest in 5 schemes, the current distribution uniformity of the cable is the best, and the cable utilization rate is the highest.
The 11-stage scheme is most economical from the aspect of total investment. The 3 schemes of 8 sections, 9 sections, 10 sections and the like have the defects that the total length of the cable is short but the section of the required cable is large due to the small number of sections of the electrode 1 and the small number of cable sections, so that the economy is poor, and the scheme of 12 sections adopts the cable with the same section but the total length of the cable is long compared with the scheme of 11 sections, so that the economy is poor.
Considering the current uniformity and the total investment comprehensively, the scheme of dividing the electrode 1 into 11 sections is recommended. In summary, the design scheme of the branch-shaped grounding electrode diversion system of the Chongqing converter station is shown in fig. 20.
At present, the grounding electrode of the converter station is built into operation, and according to the high-current test result, parameters such as grounding resistance, stepping potential difference, contact potential difference and the like of the grounding electrode all meet design requirements and are good in accordance with design values, so that feasibility of the dendritic grounding electrode and the design method thereof provided by the invention is proved.
The invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and any person who may derive other various forms of products in the light of the present invention, however, any changes in shape or structure thereof, all falling within the technical solutions defined in the scope of the claims of the present invention, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for the intelligent power grid is characterized by comprising an electrode (1), wherein the electrode (1) comprises a linear electrode trunk, a ring-shaped end electrode (1) which is arranged close to the linear electrode trunk and is arranged close to the other end of the linear electrode trunk, and a central device or grounding electrode line terminal tower (2), the electrode (1) is divided into a plurality of sections, each section of the electrode (1) is connected with a feed cable (3), and the feed cable (3) is connected with the central device or the grounding electrode line terminal tower (2) through a current-conducting wire (4).
2. A dendritic direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the electrode (1) comprises an active filler material (11) and several feeding elements (12) embedded in the active filler material (11), the feeding cable (3) being connected to several feeding elements (12) within one section of the electrode (1).
3. A branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid according to claim 2, wherein the feeding element (12) is made of high silicon chromium iron or high silicon cast iron, the feeding cable (3) comprises a distribution cable (31) and a drainage cable (32) which is arranged on the feeding elements (12) in one section of the electrode (1), the distribution cable (31) is laid along with the electrode (1), the distribution cable (31) is connected with the current-conducting wire (4), a plurality of welding heads (33) are arranged on the distribution cable (31), and the plurality of drainage cables (32) are welded on one welding head (33) of the distribution cable (31).
4. A branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid according to claim 2, wherein the feeding element (12) is made of a steel rod, the feeding cable (3) comprises drainage cables (32) which are arranged on the feeding elements (12) in one section of the electrode (1), and the drainage cables (32) which are arranged on the feeding elements (12) in one section of the electrode (1) are connected with one drainage wire (4).
5. The branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid according to claim 1, wherein the current guide lines (4) are arranged in an overhead or underground laying mode, the central equipment or the grounding electrode line terminal tower (2) is connected with a bus bar (41), and a plurality of the current guide lines (4) are connected with the bus bar (41).
6. A design method of a dendritic direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid, which is used for designing the dendritic direct current grounding electrode for the smart grid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, determining recommended electrode addresses according to distribution conditions of barrier facilities including surrounding metal pipelines, railways and substations and comprehensively considering the conditions of the electrode addresses;
S2, recommending an electrode site survey, namely performing survey and fund collection on recommended electrode sites, wherein the survey comprises topographic map measurement, topography, geological structure, seismic parameters, stratum lithology, groundwater level, adverse geological effects, mineral resources, shallow and deep soil resistivity, soil heat capacity and heat conductivity, hydraulic engineering, flood inundation, waterlogging, scouring and soil temperature;
S3, determining an arrangement scheme of the electrodes (1);
s4, designing a diversion system;
S5, designing auxiliary facilities, namely definitely comprising the setting positions, the number and the related requirements of the auxiliary facilities of a seepage well, a detection well, a drainage well and a marking pile according to the specification requirements and in combination with the actual engineering situation;
And S6, the influence of the grounding electrode on surrounding facilities and the protection design are calculated, analyzed and recommended to the influence condition of the electrode address on surrounding related facilities including substations, power plants, converter stations, metal pipelines and railways, and a treatment scheme is provided for the related facilities with influence.
7. The method for designing a branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid according to claim 6, wherein the step S3 comprises the following steps:
s31, screening out each relatively flat strip-shaped area with thicker soil layer and capable of being arranged by the electrode (1) according to the distribution conditions of facilities including the topography, the topography and the houses of the electrode site area;
S32, estimating the length of the needed electrode (1) according to the design system condition, and combining the screened strip areas to formulate all possible electrode (1) arrangement schemes;
s33, carrying out simulation calculation on each electrode (1) arrangement scheme, determining relevant technical parameters including the burial depth of the electrode (1), the materials and the dimensions of the electrode (1), and carrying out verification including step potential difference to confirm whether each arrangement scheme meets the technical condition requirements;
s34, carrying out comprehensive comparison on each arrangement scheme meeting the technical condition requirements by combining the engineering quantity and the overflow density deviation coefficient, and determining the recommended electrode (1) arrangement scheme.
8. The method for designing a branch-shaped DC grounding electrode for a smart grid according to claim 7, wherein in step S33, the step potential difference verification is performed according to the following formula:
;
Wherein U pm is the maximum allowable stride potential difference of the grounding electrode, U pm=7.42+0.0318ρs,ρs is the equivalent resistivity of the soil on the surface layer of the electrode address area, and U max is the maximum calculated value of the stride potential difference under the designed electrode (1) arrangement scheme;
Taking the overflow density deviation coefficient as one of indexes for evaluating the merits of the arrangement schemes of the respective electrodes (1), the overflow density deviation coefficient k er is defined as:
;
Wherein I d is the earth current of the earth electrode, tau av is the average overflow density, tau (L) is the overflow density of any point, and L is the total length of the electrode (1).
9. The method for designing a branch-shaped direct current grounding electrode for a smart grid according to claim 6, wherein the step S4 comprises the following steps:
S41, selecting a central device or a grounding electrode line terminal tower (2), wherein the central device is arranged near the geometric center position of the integral electrode (1) as much as possible, and when the current-conducting wire (4) adopts an overhead mode and is not provided with a bus bar (41), the grounding electrode line terminal tower is arranged near the geometric center position of the integral electrode (1) as much as possible;
S42, determining a scheme of a current lead (4), namely determining that the current lead (4) adopts an overhead line or buried cable mode according to the situation of the ground surface features including the arrangement scheme of the electrodes (1);
S43, establishing an electrode (1) segmentation scheme, namely establishing all possible segmentation schemes according to the lengths and positions of the trunk and the branch of each linear electrode, wherein the segmentation scheme is established with the aim of enabling the current of a current lead (4) to be uniform as much as possible;
S44, determining the number, the model and the section of the distribution cable (31) and the current-conducting wire (4) according to the segmentation scheme of each electrode (1), and determining the laying path, the laying mode and the burial depth of the distribution cable;
S45, combining engineering quantity and current distribution uniformity coefficient of the current conducting wire (4) to carry out comprehensive comparison and selection on the segmentation scheme of each electrode (1), and determining the recommended segmentation scheme of the electrodes (1) and the design scheme of the current conducting system.
10. The method of designing a branch-shaped DC grounding electrode for a smart grid according to claim 9, wherein in step S45, a current distribution uniformity coefficient sigma of the current lead (4) is defined as:
;
Wherein I i is the total current of the current lead (4) on each segmented electrode (1) under the segmentation scheme of a certain electrode (1), mu is the average value of the total current of the current lead (4) of each segmented electrode (1) under the segmentation scheme of a certain electrode (1), and n is the segmentation number of the electrode (1).
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