CN121623904B - A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device - Google Patents

A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device

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Publication number
CN121623904B
CN121623904B CN202610155131.XA CN202610155131A CN121623904B CN 121623904 B CN121623904 B CN 121623904B CN 202610155131 A CN202610155131 A CN 202610155131A CN 121623904 B CN121623904 B CN 121623904B
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China
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crushing
air
voltage electrostatic
plate
power battery
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CN202610155131.XA
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CN121623904A (en
Inventor
丁振华
童宁
宣萍
孙路
丁宏
董磊
李明玉
张文明
葛业飞
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ANHUI PROVINCE PRODUCT QUALITY SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION INSTITUTE
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ANHUI PROVINCE PRODUCT QUALITY SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION INSTITUTE
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power battery recycling treatment, in particular to a crushing and sorting device after integral pyrolysis of a power battery, which comprises a vertical outer shell, wherein a feeding device is arranged at the top end of the outer shell, a black powder collecting hopper is arranged at the lower end of the outer shell, an inner cavity of the outer shell is sequentially provided with a crushing cavity, a screening cavity, a winnowing cavity and a high-voltage electrostatic sorting cavity from top to bottom, a crushing mechanism, a sieve plate mechanism, a material throwing winnowing mechanism and a high-voltage electrostatic sorting assembly are respectively arranged in the crushing cavity, the screening cavity, the winnowing cavity and the high-voltage electrostatic sorting cavity.

Description

Crushing and sorting device after integral pyrolysis of power battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power battery recovery processing, and particularly discloses a crushing and sorting device for integrally pyrolyzed power batteries.
Background
With the rapid development of the new energy automobile industry, a large number of power batteries enter the retirement period, and the green, efficient and safe recovery treatment of the power batteries has become a great subject about environmental protection and sustainable development of resources. In a plurality of recovery processes, the pyrolysis recovery technology has the advantages of good environmental protection, simple subsequent treatment and the like because the pyrolysis recovery technology can effectively decompose organic matters such as electrolyte, binder and the like in the battery, and has wide application prospect.
The whole pyrolysis process of the power battery generally comprises the steps of directly feeding the whole package or the module state waste power battery into a pyrolysis furnace without being disassembled, carrying out pyrolysis treatment under inert atmosphere to decompose and volatilize organic matters, and then crushing and sorting the pyrolyzed battery residues to recover valuable black powder (mainly a mixture of positive and negative active substances). In the treatment link after pyrolysis, crushing and sorting are key steps for determining the recovery purity and economic benefit of the black powder. However, when facing the battery materials subjected to pyrolysis treatment, the current process and equipment in the link have the technical problems of complex material characteristics and low separation efficiency. The battery material composition after pyrolysis is extremely complex, not only comprises target product black powder, but also is mixed with torn and broken current collector (copper foil, aluminum foil) fragments/particles, membrane fragments, steel shell fragments and the like, and the prior art generally adopts a single screening, magnetic separation or eddy current separation method and the like, so that the efficient synergistic removal of various impurities is difficult to realize.
The application patent with the application number 202310998966.8 discloses a multi-group sorting system and a multi-group sorting method for battery crushing and recycling, wherein the system comprises a first screening mechanism used for pre-screening materials subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis, a middle crusher connected with the first screening mechanism and used for carrying out primary crushing treatment on the non-satisfactory materials screened by the first screening mechanism, a second screening mechanism connected with the middle crusher and used for carrying out screening treatment on the materials crushed by the middle crusher, a fine crusher connected with the second screening mechanism and used for carrying out fine crushing treatment on the non-satisfactory materials screened by the second screening mechanism, a third screening mechanism connected with the fine crusher and used for carrying out screening treatment on the materials crushed by the fine crusher, and a specific gravity separator used for carrying out sorting treatment on the non-satisfactory materials screened by the third screening mechanism. The sorting system disclosed by the application is used for recycling the pyrolyzed materials through the cooperation of multi-stage screening and multi-stage crushing, the whole equipment is large in occupied area, high in operation energy consumption and more importantly, the material characteristics of the pyrolyzed batteries cannot be effectively separated, so that excessive impurities in the finally obtained black powder are caused. Based on the above, the application provides the power battery integral pyrolysis crushing and sorting device which has high integration level and can effectively separate the material characteristics of the battery after pyrolysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crushing and sorting device for a power battery after integral pyrolysis, which aims to solve the technical problems and defects that the existing power battery has large occupied area and high operation energy consumption, and can not be used for effectively separating the material characteristics of the battery after pyrolysis.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a crushing sorting unit behind whole pyrolysis of power battery, includes the shell body of vertical setting, the top of shell body is provided with feed arrangement, and the lower extreme is provided with black powder collecting hopper, the inner chamber of shell body is crushing chamber, screening chamber, selection by winnowing chamber and high-pressure static separation chamber from top to bottom in proper order, be provided with crushing mechanism, sieve plate mechanism, throwing material selection by winnowing mechanism and high-pressure static separation subassembly in crushing chamber, screening chamber, selection by winnowing chamber and the high-pressure static separation chamber respectively;
The material throwing and winnowing mechanism comprises an air compressor and a double-air-passage hollow shaft, wherein independent air inlet passages and air outlet passages are arranged in the double-air-passage hollow shaft, the lower end of each air inlet passage is connected with the air compressor through an air conveying pipe, the upper end of each air outlet passage is connected with an air blowing pipe arranged towards the blanking position of the sieve plate mechanism through an air flow distributor, and the side wall of a winnowing cavity positioned at the opposite side of each air blowing pipe is connected with a negative pressure suction pipe group;
The periphery of the double-air-passage hollow shaft is connected with a pneumatic rotary drum in a sealing and rotating manner, an air outlet and an air inlet which are respectively communicated with an air inlet passage and an air outlet passage are formed in the double-air-passage hollow shaft which is positioned in the pneumatic rotary drum, blades are arranged on the inner wall of the pneumatic rotary drum, a wavy guide closed ring groove is formed in the outer wall of the pneumatic rotary drum, a double-sided rack which moves up and down is arranged on the side of the pneumatic rotary drum, a guide wheel which acts on the guide closed ring groove is fixed on the double-sided rack, a gear which is rotatably installed is meshed on the side of the double-sided rack, and a material throwing plate which throws materials falling in a sieve plate mechanism upwards is connected with the gear through a wheel shaft and a swing arm.
As the further setting of above-mentioned scheme, sieve plate mechanism includes that one is the sieve of reverse V font, and the intermediate point of sieve is located crushing mechanism under, and has seted up the sieve mesh on the face that the sieve left and right sides extends, gas blowing pipe, gear, swing arm and throwing flitch are mirror symmetry and all are provided with two sets of, and two gears mesh with the both sides of two-sided rack respectively.
As a further setting of the scheme, the crushing mechanism comprises two crushing rollers, the roller gap of the two crushing rollers is positioned right above the middle point of the sieve plate, and the roller shafts of the two crushing rollers are jointly connected with a power assembly arranged outside the outer shell.
As a further setting of above-mentioned scheme, be provided with vibration generating mechanism in the shell body between sieve and the throwing selection by winnowing mechanism, vibration generating mechanism includes by power component driven pivot, set up in pivot epaxial carousel and fixed setting and be connected with the central plate of sieve through first spring, be connected with the vibrating rod that reciprocates on the central plate through the second spring, vibrating rod lower extreme be equipped with drive ring groove matched with guide on the carousel.
As a further arrangement of the above scheme, the driving ring groove is formed by connecting an archimedes screw section with gradually enlarged diameter and a radial connecting section.
As a further setting of above-mentioned scheme, high-voltage electrostatic separation subassembly is provided with controlling two sets of, and all is provided with the stock guide with the material direction corresponding high-voltage electrostatic separation subassembly on the both sides wall of shell body.
As a further setting of above-mentioned scheme, high-voltage electrostatic separation subassembly includes the high-voltage electrostatic roller of being driven by the rotating electrical machines and sets up the high-voltage static board in high-voltage electrostatic roller side top, still be provided with in the high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber and carry out the shovel flitch down and fall into black powder collecting hopper with the black powder that high-voltage electrostatic roller adsorbs.
As a further arrangement of the scheme, a metal scrap receiving groove is arranged right below the position between the two high-voltage electrostatic rollers, and the lower end of the metal scrap receiving groove is connected with a metal scrap discharging and conveying device with one end extending out of the outer shell.
As a further setting of above-mentioned scheme, feed arrangement includes the feed channel that is linked together with smashing the chamber, the inside magnetic force conveyer belt that is provided with of feed channel, and offered the pan feeding mouth in the feed channel upper surface of keeping away from smashing chamber one side.
As a further arrangement of the above scheme, the lower side end of the screen plate extends out of the side surface of the outer shell, and the side surface of the outer shell is provided with a guiding-out side box for guiding out the unscreened materials.
The invention discloses a crushing and sorting device after integral pyrolysis of a power battery, which integrates four steps of feeding and pre-removing iron, crushing and screening, throwing and winnowing and high-voltage electrostatic fine sorting.
In the feeding and deironing stage in advance, the coarse crushed aggregates of the battery after preliminary crushing is put into through the feed inlet of the feeding device and falls on the magnetic conveying belt, and then in the process of horizontally conveying to the crushing cavity, the magnetic conveying belt can effectively adsorb and remove iron magnetic impurities (such as battery shell fragments) mixed in the materials, so that the impurity separation of the first step is completed.
In the stage of crushing and screening, coarse crushed materials fall between a pair of crushing rollers which synchronously rotate in opposite directions in a crushing cavity, are extruded and sheared to be crushed for the second time, the crushed materials directly fall on an inverted V-shaped screen plate under the crushing rollers, black powder and fine metal particles meeting the particle size requirement fall through screen holes, uncrushed and thorough metal sheets/blocks with larger size fall along the inclined planes of the screen plates and are discharged from leading-out side boxes on two sides, so that the primary separation of the coarse and fine materials is realized, and meanwhile, the screen plates can continuously vibrate at high frequency through a vibration generating mechanism to realize efficient screening and effectively prevent hole blocking.
In the stage of throwing and winnowing, air generated by the air compressor is sprayed out through an air inlet channel of a double-air-channel hollow shaft, blades in the pneumatic rotary drum are driven to rotate, and then the air is conveyed to air blowing pipes at two sides above through air outlet channels and is blown out downwards. Meanwhile, the wave-shaped guide closed ring groove of the outer wall of the pneumatic rotary drum converts the rotary motion of the rotary drum into the up-and-down reciprocating swing of the material throwing plate through the guide wheel, the double-sided rack and the gear set. The falling material is firstly winnowed by the air flow of the air blowing pipe, and then falls on the swinging material throwing plate to be evenly thrown and dispersed to form a 'material curtain'. During the process of throwing the material, the airflow of the air blowing pipe carries out secondary and more sufficient air separation on the material. Impurities such as a diaphragm, plastic and the like with lighter mass are blown to the side by air flow, captured and removed by a negative pressure suction pipe group, and black powder and metal scraps with heavier mass overcome the influence of the air flow and continuously fall into the high-voltage electrostatic separation cavity. The process increases the contact area and time between the materials and the air flow through secondary throwing, and realizes the efficient removal of light impurities.
In the high-voltage electrostatic fine separation stage, the fallen black powder and metal mixture slides to the high-voltage electrostatic separation assembly along the material guide plate, all materials are charged with electrostatic charges through the high-voltage electrostatic plate area, and then the materials fall onto the rotating high-voltage electrostatic roller. In the process, the metal scraps with good conductivity lose charges rapidly, are thrown off the roller surface under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, fall into a metal scraps receiving groove and then are conveyed out of the system, and the black powder with poor conductivity can keep charges for a long time and is adsorbed by the surface of the high-voltage electrostatic roller. And finally, scraping the material shoveling plate which rotates to the lower part along with the high-voltage electrostatic roller, and falling into a black powder collecting hopper to finish the final black powder purification.
The invention completes the separation of pyrolytic black powder and various impurities such as iron, aluminum, copper, diaphragm and the like one by one in a vertical integrated device in high efficiency and continuously through the series of annular-ring phase-buckling procedures of magnetic separation, crushing, screening, pneumatic throwing winnowing and electrostatic separation, and finally obtains the black powder product with high purity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention has high integration and flow process degree, and integrates a plurality of functional modules such as magnetic separation iron removal, crushing, screening, winnowing, electrostatic separation and the like into the vertical shell, so that continuous and automatic treatment from feeding to pure black powder obtaining of the battery materials after pyrolysis is realized, and the occupied area of equipment and the energy consumption and loss caused by material transportation are obviously reduced.
The invention has excellent separation efficiency and effect, on one hand, the pneumatic driving material throwing and directional air flow air separation are realized by utilizing a unique material throwing air separation mechanism by utilizing the same air source, so that materials are fully dispersed and contacted with air flow in the process of being thrown up and scattered by a material throwing plate for multiple times, the high-efficiency and multiple separation of light impurities (such as a diaphragm) and heavier black powder/metal is realized, the separation effect is far better than that of single air separation, meanwhile, the core power of the material throwing air separation mechanism is derived from compressed air, the energy for driving mechanical movement and the energy required by air separation are combined into one through the design of 'one air two-use', the whole energy consumption is reduced, and on the other hand, the high-voltage electrostatic separation is applied to the separation of black powder and metal chips (such as copper and aluminum), a small amount of mixed metal is accurately removed from the black powder by utilizing the great difference of conductivity of the two, the difficult problem that the traditional eddy current separation has poor separation effect on tiny and flaky metal is solved, and the separation and purification effect of the black powder is effectively improved.
The invention further considers the characteristics of the pyrolyzed material (such as possible coking and adhesion), and equips the sieve plate with a special vibration generating mechanism, so that the sieve plate can effectively prevent sieve holes from being blocked, ensure sieving efficiency, and the whole system runs in a closed shell, combines negative pressure suction, effectively controls dust, improves working environment and ensures production safety.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first angular perspective structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second angle perspective structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the inside of the outer casing according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the inside of the outer shell according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a partial three-dimensional structure of a material throwing and winnowing mechanism in the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a strip plate, a double-sided rack, a gear, a material throwing plate and the like in the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional assembly structure of a material throwing and winnowing mechanism in the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective cross-sectional view of a pneumatic drum and a double-air-passage hollow shaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a first angular perspective of a screen plate, center plate, shaft, etc. according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a second angle perspective structure of a screen plate, a central plate, a rotating shaft, etc. in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present application, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 10, and examples thereof.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 discloses crushing sorting unit behind power battery integral pyrolysis, and with reference to fig. 1~4, crushing sorting unit's main part includes a frame 1, fixedly is provided with vertical shell body 2 of arranging in the frame 1, and the inner chamber of shell body 2 is crushing chamber 21, screening chamber 22, selection by winnowing chamber 23 and high-voltage static separation chamber 24 from top to bottom in proper order. The top one side of shell body 2 is provided with feed arrangement 3 that is connected with crushing chamber 21 upper end, and the bottom of shell body 2 is connected with black powder collecting hopper 4, and the lower extreme of black powder collecting hopper 4 is connected with black powder ejection of compact conveyor 40.
In a specific design, the feeding device 3 comprises a feeding channel 301 communicated with the side end of the top of the crushing cavity 21, a magnetic conveying belt 302 extending into the crushing cavity 21 is arranged in the feeding channel 301, and a feeding port 303 is formed in the upper surface of the feeding channel 301 far away from one side of the crushing cavity 21. The black powder discharging and conveying device 40 can specifically adopt an auger conveyor, one end of the auger conveyor is connected with the lower end of the black powder collecting hopper 4, and the lower surface of the other end of the auger conveyor is provided with a discharge hole.
A pair of crushing rollers 5 are arranged in the crushing cavity 21, the outer ends of roller shafts of the crushing rollers 5 extending out of the crushing cavity 21 are connected with a power assembly 6 arranged on the front side face of the outer shell 2, the power assembly 6 comprises a gear box and a power motor, the roller shafts of the two crushing rollers 5 extending into the gear box are all provided with a power gear, the two power gears are meshed with each other, a motor shaft of the power motor is connected with one of the power gears, and therefore synchronous reverse rotation of the two crushing rollers 5 can be achieved through meshing transmission between the power motor and the gear pair.
A screen 7 in the shape of an inverted V is arranged in the screening chamber 22 and the middle point of the screen 7 is located directly below the nip of the two crushing rolls 5. A large number of sieve holes 701 are formed in the plate surface extending from the left side to the right side of the sieve plate 7, the left side and the right side of the sieve plate 7 extend out of the left side and the right side of the outer shell 2, and then a guiding-out side box 8 for guiding out large-particle crushed aggregates which are not sieved is arranged on the left side and the right side of the outer shell 2.
Referring to fig. 4 to 8, a material throwing air separation mechanism 9 is arranged in the air separation cavity 23, and the material throwing air separation mechanism 9 comprises a strip-shaped plate 901 longitudinally and centrally fixed in the air separation cavity 23 and an air compressor 902 arranged outside the outer shell 2. A disk seat 903 is fixed in the center of the upper surface of the strip-shaped plate 901, the outer periphery of the disk seat 903 is rotationally connected with a pneumatic rotary drum 904 through a sealing bearing 9031, a plurality of blades 9041 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the pneumatic rotary drum 904, and then a wave-shaped guiding closed-loop groove 9042 is formed on the outer circular surface of the pneumatic rotary drum 904. A double-air-passage hollow shaft 905 extending downward from the strip-shaped plate 901 and upward from the air-operated drum 904 is fixed at the center of the disk seat 903, and the position where the double-air-passage hollow shaft 905 extends from the air-operated drum 904 is also rotatably connected thereto through a seal bearing. The lower end of the air inlet channel 9051 in the double-air-channel hollow shaft 905 is provided with an opening, the upper end of the air outlet channel 9052 is provided with an opening, and the double-air-channel hollow shaft 905 positioned in the pneumatic rotary drum 904 is provided with an air outlet 9053 and an air inlet 9054 respectively. An air pipe 906 extending below the strip plate 901 is connected to the air compressor 902, and an end of the air pipe 906 is connected to a lower end of the double-air-passage hollow shaft 905 (i.e., is communicated with the air inlet passage 9051). The top end of the double-air-passage hollow shaft 905 extending out of the pneumatic rotary drum 904 is connected with an air flow distributor 907, two air blowing pipes 908 which are symmetrically arranged left and right are connected to the air flow distributor 907, and then a row of air blowing ports 9081 facing to the right lower part of the corresponding sieve holes 701 on the sieve plate 7 are arranged on each air blowing pipe 908.
A U-shaped rack 909 containing the pneumatic drum 904 is fixed on the upper surface of the strip-shaped plate 901, vertical sliding openings 9091 are formed in the front side and the rear side of the U-shaped rack 909, then double-sided racks 910 capable of moving up and down are slidably mounted in each vertical sliding opening 9091, and guide wheels 911 which are used for acting with guide closed ring grooves 9042 on the outer circular surface of the pneumatic drum 904 are arranged in the centers of the opposite side surfaces of the two double-sided racks 910. Gears 912 are rotatably provided on both left and right sides of each double-sided rack 910 through wheel shafts, and the two gears 912 are engaged with both sides of the double-sided rack 910, respectively. A swing arm 913 inclined downward is fixed on the axle of each gear 912, and then a throwing plate 914 positioned under one side of the screen plate 7 is fixedly installed between the two swing arms 913 aligned front and back. When the pneumatic drum 904 rotates, the two double-sided racks 910 can reciprocate up and down synchronously under the action of the guide wheel 911 and the guide closed-loop groove 9042, and then the material throwing plate 914 can swing up and down in a reciprocating manner through the meshing transmission between the double-sided racks 910 and the gear 912, so that the sieved crushed aggregates falling on the material throwing plate 914 are thrown up.
In addition, the material throwing and winnowing mechanism 9 further comprises a negative pressure suction pipe 915, two suction branch pipes 916 respectively positioned at two sides of the outer shell 2 are arranged on the negative pressure suction pipe 915, material sucking openings are formed in the left side surface and the right side surface of the outer shell 2 between the material throwing plate 914 and the sieve plate 7, and the two suction branch pipes 916 are connected with the corresponding material sucking openings, so that light impurities (such as diaphragm fragments, plastics and the like) mixed in the material throwing and winnowing process are sucked into the material throwing and winnowing process, and separation from black powder is realized.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, both left and right sidewalls of the high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber 24 are provided with downwardly inclined guide plates 10, and then a high-voltage electrostatic separation assembly 11 is provided at a lower inclined end of each guide plate 10. The high-voltage electrostatic separation assembly 11 comprises a high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 arranged at the lower inclined end of the material guiding plate 10, and the roller shaft of each high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 is connected with a rotary motor 112 arranged on the outer surface of the outer shell 2. A high-voltage electrostatic plate 113 is arranged above the lower inclined end of each guide plate 10, the materials sliding downwards can be charged with static electricity through the high-voltage electrostatic plate 113, then fall onto the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111, and the separation of metal chips and black powder is completed through the conductivity of the materials. In addition, a shoveling plate 114 attached to the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 is fixedly arranged right under each guide plate 10, and the black powder adsorbed on the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 can be shoveled down by the shoveling plate 114 and then falls into the black powder collecting hopper 4.
Finally, a metal scrap receiving groove 12 is arranged right below the two high-voltage electrostatic rollers 111, the lower end of the metal scrap receiving groove 12 is connected with a metal scrap discharging and conveying device 13 extending out of the outer shell 2, and the metal scrap discharging and conveying device 13 is preferably a screw conveyor, so that separated metal scraps can be discharged in time, and complete separation from black powder is achieved.
The specific operation process and principle of the crushing and sorting device after the integral pyrolysis of the power battery disclosed in the embodiment 1 are as follows:
Firstly, the power battery is put into the magnetic conveying belt 302 through the feed inlet 303 after preliminary crushing, and when the magnetic conveying belt 302 conveys the coarse crushed aggregates after preliminary crushing to the upper parts of the two crushing rollers 5, the magnetic conveying belt 302 can also adsorb and remove iron impurities in the coarse crushed aggregates.
When the coarse crushed materials fall between the roller gap of the two crushing rollers 5, the two crushing rollers 5 synchronously and reversely move under the action of the power assembly 6, so that the coarse crushed materials are crushed into smaller crushed materials for the second time, and then fall into the middle of the sieve plate 7. The secondary crushed material falling on the screen plate 7 can slide downwards to the left and the right, and when the secondary crushed material passes through the screen hole 701 area, small particle materials can be screened and fall down, and most of the non-screened materials are metal fragments, and the metal fragments can finally fall into the guiding-out side box 8 to be discharged.
In the operation process of the material throwing and winnowing mechanism 9, high-pressure air flow is continuously provided by the air compressor 902, the high-pressure air flow firstly enters the air inlet channel 9051 of the double-air-passage hollow shaft 905 from the bottom, then is discharged from the air outlet 9053 and acts on the blades 9041 on the inner wall of the pneumatic rotary drum 904, so that the pneumatic rotary drum 904 is driven to rotate around the double-air-passage hollow shaft 905, then the air flow in the pneumatic rotary drum 904 enters the air outlet channel 9052 of the double-air-passage hollow shaft 905 through the air inlet 9054, is discharged from the top of the double-air-passage hollow shaft 905, is uniformly distributed into the air blowing pipes 908 on two sides by the air flow distributor 907, and is finally discharged from the air blowing pipes 908. During the rotation of the pneumatic drum 904, the double-sided racks 910 on the front and rear sides can reciprocate up and down synchronously under the action of the guide closed-loop groove 9042 and the guide wheel 911, and then the up and down swing of the flitch 914 is realized through the meshing transmission between the double-sided racks 910 and the gear 912. At this time, the sieved particulate material is blown by the exhaust air flow in the air blowing pipe 908 in the falling process, so as to separate light impurities from the black powder, and then the black powder falls onto the throwing plate 914 and is thrown up again, and is blown by the exhaust air flow in the air blowing pipe 908 again, so as to achieve secondary air separation and impurity removal of the light impurities in the black powder, finally the light impurities are pumped by the negative pressure suction pipe 915, and the black powder and metal fragments thereof fall into the high-voltage electrostatic separation cavity 24.
When the black powder and metal scraps thereof slide down to the position of the high-voltage electrostatic separation assembly 11 along the guide plate 10, the high-voltage electrostatic plate 113 can charge both the black powder and the metal scraps and then fall onto the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111, at the moment, the metal scraps have good conductivity and can quickly restore the charge to neutrality, so that the metal scraps are not adsorbed by the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 and fall into the metal scraps receiving groove 12 under the rotation of the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111, the black powder conductivity is poor, the charge cannot be transferred in time, so that the black powder is adsorbed by the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111, and then the black powder and the metal scraps finally fall into the black powder collecting hopper 4 to be collected by the shovel plate 114 as the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 rotates to the position of the shovel plate 114, so that the effective separation of the black powder and all impurities is finally realized.
Example 2
Example 2 discloses a pulverizing and sorting device after the integral pyrolysis of a power battery, which is further optimally designed based on the technical scheme in example 1, and the same points as those in example 1 are not explained again.
Referring to fig. 1, 9 and 10, in embodiment 2, a central plate 14 is fixed to an outer housing 2 between a screen plate 7 and a material throwing and winnowing mechanism 9, the central plate 14 is aligned up and down with the middle portion of the screen plate 7, and a first spring 15 is connected between the central plate 14 and the screen plate 7, and the screen plate 7 can be movably arranged relatively through the connection of the first spring 15.
A rotary shaft 16 is rotatably arranged below the central plate 14, and one end of the rotary shaft 16 extends out of the outer casing 2 and is connected to the power assembly 6 by a chain or timing belt 17. A plurality of rotary tables 18 are provided on the rotary shaft 16 at intervals in the axial direction thereof, a plurality of vibrating bars 20 movable up and down are connected to the center plate 14 via a second spring 19, and each vibrating bar 20 corresponds to one of the rotary tables 18. The turntable 18 is provided with a driving ring groove 181, the driving ring groove 181 is formed by connecting an archimedes screw section with gradually enlarged diameter and a radial connecting section, and a guide piece which acts with the driving ring groove 181 is arranged at the lower end of the vibrating rod 20.
In this embodiment 2, through the above-mentioned structural design, when the power assembly 6 is driving the pulverizing roller 5 to rotate, the rotating shaft 16 is rotated by the transmission action of the timing belt 17. Under the rotation action of the rotating shaft 16, the rotating discs 18 synchronously rotate, at this time, the vibrating rod 20 can enable the Archimedes spiral section to pull the vibrating rod 20 downwards through the action between the guide piece at the lower end and the Archimedes spiral section, so that the second spring 19 is charged, and then when the guide piece acts on the radial connecting section, the vibrating rod 20 can rapidly move upwards under the action of the second spring 19 and impact the lower surface of the sieve plate 7, so that the sieve plate 7 can generate continuous high-frequency vibration, and crushed materials falling onto the sieve plate can be rapidly screened and separated.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,包括立式设置的外壳体,所述外壳体的顶端设置有进料装置,下端设置有黑粉集料斗,其特征在于,所述外壳体的内腔自上往下依次为粉碎腔、筛分腔、风选腔和高压静电分选腔,所述粉碎腔、筛分腔、风选腔和高压静电分选腔中分别设置有粉碎机构、筛板机构、抛料风选机构和高压静电分选组件;1. A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device, comprising a vertically arranged outer shell, a feeding device at the top of the outer shell, and a black powder collection hopper at the bottom, characterized in that the inner cavity of the outer shell comprises, from top to bottom, a crushing chamber, a screening chamber, an air separation chamber, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber, wherein the crushing chamber, screening chamber, air separation chamber, and high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber are respectively provided with a crushing mechanism, a sieve plate mechanism, a throwing air separation mechanism, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation component; 所述抛料风选机构包括空气压缩机和双气道中空轴,所述双气道中空轴内设置有独立的进气道和出气道,所述进气道的下端通过输气管与空气压缩机相连接,出气道的上端通过气流分配器连接有朝向筛板机构落料处设置的气吹管,且位于气吹管对侧的风选腔侧壁上连接有负压抽吸管组;The material throwing air separation mechanism includes an air compressor and a dual-air-channel hollow shaft. The dual-air-channel hollow shaft is provided with an independent air inlet and an air outlet. The lower end of the air inlet is connected to the air compressor through an air supply pipe. The upper end of the air outlet is connected to an air blowing pipe that is positioned towards the material dropping point of the screen plate mechanism through an airflow distributor. A negative pressure suction pipe assembly is connected to the side wall of the air separation chamber opposite the air blowing pipe. 所述双气道中空轴的外围密封转动连接有气动转筒,且位于气动转筒内的双气道中空轴上开设有分别与进气道、出气道相连通的出气口和进气口,所述气动转筒的内壁设置有叶片,外壁开设有呈波浪状的导向闭环槽,所述气动转筒的旁侧设置有上下移动的双面齿条,且双面齿条上固定有与导向闭环槽相作用的导向轮,所述双面齿条的旁侧啮合有转动安装的齿轮,齿轮通过轮轴、摆臂连接有将筛板机构中落下的物料进行上抛的抛料板。The hollow shaft with dual air passages is rotatably connected to a pneumatic rotating cylinder, and the hollow shaft with dual air passages located inside the pneumatic rotating cylinder has an air outlet and an air inlet respectively connected to the air inlet and air outlet. The inner wall of the pneumatic rotating cylinder is provided with blades, and the outer wall is provided with a wave-shaped guide closed-loop groove. A double-sided rack that moves up and down is provided on the side of the pneumatic rotating cylinder, and a guide wheel that interacts with the guide closed-loop groove is fixed on the double-sided rack. A rotatably mounted gear is meshed on the side of the double-sided rack, and the gear is connected to a throwing plate that throws the material falling in the screen plate mechanism upward through a wheel axle and a swing arm. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,所述筛板机构包括一个呈倒V字形的筛板,筛板的中间点位于粉碎机构的正下方,且筛板向左右两侧延伸的板面上开设有筛孔,所述气吹管、齿轮、摆臂和抛料板呈镜像对称均设置有两组,且两个齿轮分别与双面齿条的两侧相啮合。2. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sieve plate mechanism includes an inverted V-shaped sieve plate, the middle point of which is located directly below the crushing mechanism, and sieve holes are provided on the plate surface extending to the left and right sides. The air blowing pipe, gear, swing arm and throwing plate are provided in two sets in a mirror symmetrical manner, and the two gears mesh with the two sides of the double-sided rack respectively. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,所述粉碎机构包括两个粉碎辊,且两个粉碎辊的辊隙位于筛板中间点的正上方,两个粉碎辊的辊轴共同连接有安装在外壳体外部的动力组件。3. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the crushing mechanism includes two crushing rollers, and the gap between the two crushing rollers is located directly above the midpoint of the sieve plate, and the roller shafts of the two crushing rollers are connected to a power component installed outside the outer casing. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,所述筛板与抛料风选机构之间的外壳体中设置有振动发生机构,所述振动发生机构包括由动力组件驱动的转轴、设置于转轴上的转盘、以及固定设置且通过第一弹簧与筛板相连接的中心板,所述中心板上通过第二弹簧连接有上下移动的振捣杆,所述振捣杆下端设有与所述转盘上的驱动环槽相配合的导向件。4. A power battery pyrolysis and pulverization sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that a vibration generating mechanism is provided in the outer shell between the sieve plate and the throwing air separation mechanism, the vibration generating mechanism including a rotating shaft driven by a power component, a turntable disposed on the rotating shaft, and a central plate fixedly disposed and connected to the sieve plate by a first spring, a vibrating rod that moves up and down is connected to the central plate by a second spring, and a guide member that cooperates with the driving ring groove on the turntable is provided at the lower end of the vibrating rod. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,所述驱动环槽由逐渐扩径变大的阿基米德螺旋段和径向连接段连接构成。5. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 4, characterized in that the driving ring groove is composed of an Archimedean spiral segment with gradually increasing diameter and a radial connecting segment. 6.根据权利要求2所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,所述高压静电分选组件设置有左右两组,且外壳体的两侧壁上均设置有将物料导向对应高压静电分选组件的导料板。6. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the high-voltage electrostatic sorting components are provided in two sets, left and right, and the two side walls of the outer shell are provided with guide plates to guide the materials to the corresponding high-voltage electrostatic sorting components. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,所述高压静电分选组件包括由旋转电机驱动的高压静电辊、以及设置于高压静电辊旁侧上方的高压静电板,所述高压静电分选腔中还设置有将高压静电辊吸附的黑粉进行铲下并落入黑粉集料斗中的铲料板。7. A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the high-voltage electrostatic sorting component includes a high-voltage electrostatic roller driven by a rotary motor and a high-voltage electrostatic plate disposed above and beside the high-voltage electrostatic roller, and the high-voltage electrostatic sorting chamber is further provided with a shovel plate that shovels off the black powder adsorbed by the high-voltage electrostatic roller and drops it into the black powder collection hopper. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,位于两个所述高压静电辊之间的正下方设置有金属碎屑接料槽,金属碎屑接料槽的下端连接有一端伸出外壳体设置的金属碎屑出料输送装置。8. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 7, characterized in that a metal scrap receiving trough is provided directly below the two high-voltage electrostatic rollers, and the lower end of the metal scrap receiving trough is connected to a metal scrap discharge conveying device with one end extending out of the outer shell. 9.根据权利要求1所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,所述进料装置包括与粉碎腔相连通的进料通道,所述进料通道内部设置有磁力输送带,且在远离粉碎腔一侧的进料通道上表面开设有入料口。9. A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding device includes a feeding channel connected to the crushing chamber, a magnetic conveyor belt is provided inside the feeding channel, and an inlet is provided on the upper surface of the feeding channel on the side away from the crushing chamber. 10.根据权利要求1所述的一种动力电池整体热解后粉碎分选装置,其特征在于,所述筛板的下侧端伸出外壳体的侧面设置,所述外壳体的侧面上设置有用于将未过筛的物料进行导出的导出侧箱。10. A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the sieve plate extends out of the side of the outer shell, and an outlet side box for discharging unscreened material is provided on the side of the outer shell.
CN202610155131.XA 2026-02-04 2026-02-04 A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device Active CN121623904B (en)

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