CN121082413B - Manganese ore magnetic separation equipment and dry ore separation process - Google Patents
Manganese ore magnetic separation equipment and dry ore separation processInfo
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- CN121082413B CN121082413B CN202511620789.5A CN202511620789A CN121082413B CN 121082413 B CN121082413 B CN 121082413B CN 202511620789 A CN202511620789 A CN 202511620789A CN 121082413 B CN121082413 B CN 121082413B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to manganese ore magnetic separation equipment and a dry mineral separation process, wherein the magnetic separation equipment comprises a mounting frame, a first channel, a second channel, a material separating plate, a magnetic roller, a conveyor belt, a feeding mechanism and an auxiliary mechanism. The magnetic roller consists of a roller shaft, an end cover and a plurality of magnetic rings, wherein the magnetic rings comprise magnetic gathering plates and magnetic blocks, and are closely distributed through screws. The feeding mechanism realizes uniform feeding through a vibration and suspension system. The auxiliary mechanism is used for vibrating and shunting ore sand through the guide bars. The mineral separation process comprises crushing, grinding, classifying, roasting, magnetic separation and post-treatment. The magnetic separation adopts rough separation and fine separation, and the recovery rate is improved. The invention has the advantages of high separation efficiency, high concentrate purity, low energy consumption, strong adaptability and the like, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to manganese ore magnetic separation equipment and a dry mineral separation process.
Background
Manganese ore is an important raw material for iron and steel smelting, new energy batteries and chemical production, and the purification technology thereof has been attracting attention. The main current purification process of manganese ores in the market still takes a chemical method as a main method, and particularly for the treatment of low-grade and weakly magnetic manganese ores, agents such as oxalic acid, hydrofluoric acid and the like are often adopted for leaching or floatation. The chemical method can improve the grade of the manganese powder to a certain extent, but has the obvious defects that firstly, the cost of the medicament is high, the integral ore dressing cost is increased, secondly, the use of chemicals such as strong acid and the like is easy to cause wastewater and waste residue pollution, and the negative influence is caused on the environment, thirdly, the grade of the obtained manganese powder is still difficult to stably reach the high-end application requirement from the aspect of the quality of the finished product, and the application of the manganese powder in the field of high added value is limited.
In order to reduce the dependence on chemical methods, the industry gradually introduces a physical mineral separation mode, wherein the magnetic separation technology is valued because of no need of medicaments and small environmental load. In particular, dry roll magnetic separators have been expected to be used to achieve pure physical separation of manganese ores. However, conventional dry magnetic separation equipment exposes a number of technical bottlenecks in practical applications. On one hand, the magnetic field generated by the magnetic roller is unevenly distributed, the magnetic field intensity is remarkably attenuated along with the increase of the distance of the belt, so that the capture capability of micro-fine manganese ore is insufficient, and on the other hand, the magnetic field is limited by the material and toughness of the belt, and the linear speed of the belt is generally difficult to exceed 2 m/s, so that the treatment efficiency is influenced. More importantly, if the condition that the sorting effect of the front-stage roller magnetic separator is not ideal occurs, a large amount of ore sand which is not fully separated enters a subsequent high-gradient vertical ring magnetic separator, so that the equipment load is increased, the sorting precision is reduced, and qualified concentrate powder is difficult to produce. Therefore, in the prior art, magnetic separation equipment is often used as a preselection or auxiliary means, the whole process purification from raw ore to concentrate powder cannot be independently completed, and finally, the grade still needs to be improved in a chemical mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a manganese ore magnetic separation device and a dry ore separation process, which solve the technical problems that the traditional dry magnetic separator cannot independently finish the high-efficiency purification of manganese ores due to weak magnetic field and low belt speed and the industry technology problem of long-term dependence on chemical methods is solved by improving the structure of a magnetic roller of a roller magnetic separator and the structure and the function of the magnetic separation device, and particularly the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
First, the present invention provides a manganese ore magnetic separation apparatus comprising:
the mounting frame is provided with a mounting plate forming the side wall of the equipment;
The magnetic roller and the auxiliary roller are rotatably arranged on the mounting frame, the magnetic roller comprises a roller shaft, end covers fixed at two ends of the roller shaft and a plurality of magnetic rings which are closely arranged along the axial direction of the roller shaft, and each magnetic ring consists of a magnetic gathering plate and a plurality of magnetic blocks which are fixed at one side of the magnetic gathering plate through fastening bolts and magnetized along the axial direction;
The conveying belt is tightly wound on the peripheries of the magnetic roller and the auxiliary roller and is used for circularly conveying ore sand;
the driving motor is fixed on the mounting frame and is in driving connection with the magnetic roller through a transmission mechanism;
the feeding mechanism is arranged above the auxiliary roller and is used for uniformly feeding materials to the conveyor belt;
The auxiliary mechanism is arranged above the magnetic roller and comprises a plurality of guide strips, the lower surfaces of the guide strips are attached to the upper surface of the conveyor belt, and gaps between the adjacent guide strips are aligned with the magnetic gathering plates of the magnetic rings along the radial direction.
Preferably, a first channel for outputting waste materials and a second channel for outputting manganese ore sand are arranged on the lower side of the mounting frame, and a distributing plate which is obliquely arranged is arranged between the first channel and the second channel;
the magnetic roller is arranged at the junction of the upper ends of the first channel and the second channel, and the axle center of the magnetic roller is positioned right above the second channel.
Preferably, the two end edges of the conveyor belt are provided with baffles perpendicular to the belt surfaces of the conveyor belt, and the magnetic rings are fastened on the end cover through screws penetrating through all the magnetic rings and nuts in threaded fit with the screws.
Preferably, the magnetic block is made of neodymium iron boron without cerium, the magnetic focusing plate is made of Q235 steel, the end part of a mounting hole formed in the magnetic block is arranged in a beveling mode, and the fastening bolt is a countersunk bolt.
Preferably, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding bin fixed at the top of the mounting frame, a charging tray positioned below the feeding bin, a first vibrator fixed at one side of the charging tray far away from the opening, and a hanging part for connecting the feeding bin and the charging tray;
The section of the feeding bin is in a structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the bottom of the inner side is fixed with a V-shaped plate;
the opening side of the tray faces to the upper part between the magnetic roller and the auxiliary roller.
Preferably, the hanging part comprises a fixed hook fixed on the outer side of the feeding bin, a connecting ring is hung at the lower end of the fixed hook, an adjusting bolt is connected below the connecting ring, the adjusting bolt is in threaded connection with a connecting block to realize adjustment of hanging length, and a U-shaped ring is hung at the lower end of the connecting block through a lifting hook;
the end fixing suspension board of U-shaped ring, the suspension board is located on the guide bar through the through-hole cover that its middle part set up to can follow its slip, the guide bar overcoat is equipped with the spring, this spring both ends connect respectively in with the fixed plate in guide bar top with on the suspension board, the guide bar bottom through a rings with the side of charging tray is connected.
Preferably, the auxiliary mechanism further comprises a cross beam connected with the mounting plate through a sliding part and a second vibrator fixed on the upper surface of the cross beam, and the guide strips are uniformly arranged through a connecting plate fixed on the lower surface of the cross beam.
Preferably, the sliding part comprises a sliding block fixed at the end part of the cross beam, a guide square tube fixed on the mounting plate and a limiting pin;
the sliding block is arranged in the guide square tube in a sliding way, and a strip hole formed in the sliding block is matched with a limiting pin penetrating through the guide square tube so as to limit the reciprocating motion stroke of the cross beam.
Preferably, the cross section of the guide strip is in a trapezoid structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, and one end of the guide strip, which is close to the auxiliary roller, is provided with a chamfer angle.
Secondly, the invention provides a manganese ore dry beneficiation process, which utilizes the manganese ore magnetic separation equipment to complete beneficiation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, crushing
Firstly crushing raw manganese ore by a jaw crusher, and crushing the raw manganese ore by a cone crusher until the particle size is less than or equal to 10mm;
Step 2, grinding
Grinding the crushed ore particles to obtain ore sand with the granularity of-200 meshes accounting for 60% -80%;
Step 3, ore dressing
Classifying the sand into natural magnetic sand and non-magnetic or weak magnetic sand according to magnetism;
Step 4, roasting
Roasting the nonmagnetic or weakly magnetic ore sand for 0.5-1 hour at 600-800 ℃ to obtain roasted ore sand;
Step 5, magnetic separation
Conveying the natural magnetic ore sand and the roasted ore sand to the manganese ore magnetic separation equipment for roughing, and conveying the residual ore sand after roughing to a high-gradient magnetic separator for concentration to obtain manganese concentrate ore sand;
step 6, post-treatment
And pulping, concentrating, press-filtering and drying the manganese concentrate ore sand to finally obtain manganese concentrate powder.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. Through optimizing the magnetic roller structure, the magnetic gathering plate and the magnetic block are combined, and the magnetic rings are tightly arranged in a screw fastening mode, so that the uniformity and strength of a magnetic field are remarkably enhanced, the adsorption efficiency of manganese ore particles is improved, and the separation precision and concentrate grade are improved.
2. The feeding mechanism adopts a suspension type vibration feeding system, and combines an adjustable suspension part and a spring buffer device, so that the ore sand is uniformly and stably conveyed, accumulation and blockage are effectively prevented, and the continuity and stability of the sorting process are ensured.
3. The auxiliary mechanism is used for diverting and guiding ore sand on the conveying belt through the synergistic effect of the guide strip and the vibration device, so that the manganese-containing ore sand is closer to a magnetic field action area, the separation effect is enhanced, and the loss of useful minerals is reduced.
4. The mineral separation process carries out classification treatment according to the magnetic difference of the ores, and carries out targeted roasting conversion on the weakly magnetic ores, so that the adaptability and the resource utilization rate of the process flow are enhanced, and the overall recovery rate is improved.
5. The two-stage magnetic separation process combining roughing and concentrating is adopted, and the high-gradient magnetic separator is matched, so that the micro-fine weak magnetic particles are effectively captured, the sufficient recovery of manganese ore is ensured, and meanwhile, the water content of the product is reduced through multistage dehydration and drying treatment, and the requirement of industrial standards is met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a manganese ore magnetic separation apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the mounting plate of FIG. 1 with portions removed;
FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of a portion of the part of FIG. 2;
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the hanging portion;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a magnetic roller;
FIG. 6 is a partially disassembled perspective view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a magnet;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of magnetizing directions of a portion of a magnetic block;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary mechanism;
fig. 10 is a schematic view showing a sliding portion in a disassembled structure.
Reference numerals illustrate:
101-mounting frames, 102-mounting plates, 103-first channels, 104-second channels, 105-distributing plates, 106-driving motors, 107-auxiliary rollers, 108-conveyor belts, 109-baffle plates, 110-magnetic rollers, 111-roller shafts, 112-bearings, 113-end covers, 114-magnetic collecting plates, 115-magnetic blocks, 116-fastening bolts, 117-screws and 118-nuts;
200-feeding mechanism, 201-feeding bin, 202-charging tray, 203-first vibrator, 204-V-shaped plate, 210-hanging part, 211-fixed hook, 212-connecting ring, 213-adjusting bolt, 214-connecting block, 215-lifting hook, 216-U-shaped ring, 217-hanging plate, 218-through hole, 219-guide rod, 220-fixed plate, 221-spring, 222-lifting ring;
300-auxiliary mechanism, 301-crossbeam, 302-second oscillator, 303-connecting plate, 304-guide strip, 310-slider, 311-slider, 312-rectangular hole, 313-guide square tube, 314-spacer pin.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below, and in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely configured to illustrate the invention and are not configured to limit the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by showing examples of the invention.
The directional terms appearing in the following description are those directions shown in the drawings and do not limit the specific structure of the invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the term "mounted" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected, and may be directly connected or indirectly connected. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as appropriate by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides manganese ore magnetic separation equipment, which is shown in fig. 1-10, and comprises a mounting frame 101, wherein the mounting frame 101 is used for building an external frame forming the equipment, a plurality of mounting plates 102 are arranged on the mounting frame 101 and are used for forming the side wall of the equipment, and all parts of the equipment are arranged in the side wall to jointly complete the magnetic separation process of manganese ore.
The manganese ore magnetic separation equipment further comprises a first channel 103 and a second channel 104 which are arranged on the lower side of the mounting frame 101, wherein the first channel 103 is used for outputting waste materials after magnetic separation outwards, namely outputting residual ore sand after magnetic separation of manganese ores outwards, the second channel 104 is used for outputting manganese ore sand after magnetic separation outwards, a material separating plate 105 which is obliquely arranged is arranged between the first channel 103 and the second channel 104, the material separating plate 105 is arranged parallel to the side wall of the first channel 103, the material separating plate 105 extends outwards from the first channel 103 and is used for better blocking ore sand without manganese content from entering the second channel 104, and therefore purity of the manganese ore sand after magnetic separation is improved.
An auxiliary roller 107 is installed right above the second channel 104, the auxiliary roller 107 is rotatably installed on the installation frame 101, a conveyor belt 108 is wound on the outer surface of the auxiliary roller 107 and the outer surface of the magnetic roller 110 in a tensioning mode, the conveyor belt 108 is used for realizing rolling transmission of the magnetic roller 110 and the auxiliary roller 107, meanwhile, the conveyor belt 108 is used for circularly conveying ore sand, and baffle plates 109 perpendicular to the conveyor belt 108 are installed at the end portions of the conveyor belt 108 and used for blocking ore sand on the surface of the conveyor belt 108 from falling outwards from the side face.
The magnetic roller 110 is located at the junction of the upper ends of the first channel 103 and the second channel 104, and the axle center of the magnetic roller 110 is located right above the second channel 104, the magnetic roller 110 is in driving connection with the output end of the driving motor 106 through a transmission mechanism, and the driving motor 106 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the installation frame 101.
As a possible application scenario, the above-mentioned transmission mechanism includes a first belt pulley, a second belt pulley and a transmission belt, where the first belt pulley is coaxially fixed with one end of the magnetic roller 110, the second belt pulley is coaxially fixed with the output end of the driving motor 106, and the first belt pulley and the second belt pulley are wound by tensioning the transmission belt, so as to realize driving transmission of the first belt pulley and the second belt pulley.
Referring to fig. 5, 6 and 7, the magnetic roller 110 includes a roller shaft 111, two ends of the roller shaft 111 are respectively rotatably mounted on the mounting frame 101 through bearings 112, two sides of the roller shaft 111 are coaxially and fixedly provided with end covers 113, a plurality of magnetic rings are tightly mounted between the two end covers 113 along the axial direction of the roller shaft 111, each magnetic ring includes a magnetic focusing plate 114 and a plurality of magnetic blocks 115 mounted on one side of the magnetic focusing plate 114 and distributed annularly, mounting holes arranged along the axial direction of the magnetic blocks 115 are formed in the magnetic blocks 115, and the magnetic blocks 115 are fixedly mounted on the magnetic focusing plate 114 through fastening bolts 116 arranged in the mounting holes.
The magnetic rings are sequentially attached, and are fastened and mounted on the end cover 113 through a screw 117 penetrating through all the magnetic rings and a nut 118 in threaded connection with the screw 117.
By means of the installation of the screw 117 and the nut 118, several magnetic rings can synchronously follow the rotation of the end cover 113, thereby driving the conveyor belt 108 and the auxiliary roller 107 to rotate.
The conveyor belt 108 carries part of ore to circulate, when the ore circulates to the side close to the magnetic roller 110, the ore containing metal manganese in the manganese ore is adsorbed on the outer surface of the conveyor belt 108 by the annularly distributed magnetic field, so that the ore continues to circulate along with the rotation of the conveyor belt 108, when the ore containing metal manganese circulates to the position where the ore is no longer acted by the magnetic field of the magnetic roller 110, namely moves to the upper part of the second channel 104 and falls into the second channel 104 under the action of gravity, and when the ore containing no metal manganese in the ore circulates to the side of the magnetic roller 110 along with the rotation of the conveyor belt 108, the ore circulates to the inner part of the first channel 103 under the action of inertia due to the attraction of the magnetic field of the magnetic roller 110, so that the separation of the ore is realized.
The magnetic blocks 115 are magnetized along the axial direction thereof, and the magnetic poles of the magnetic blocks 115 are distributed in the manner shown in fig. 8, that is, two magnetic poles closely attached to the same magnetic focusing plate 114 are identical, and the magnetic poles of two adjacent magnetic blocks 115 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the magnetic focusing plate 114 in the middle of the two magnetic blocks 115.
As a possible application scenario, the magnetic block 115 is made of neodymium-iron-boron without cerium, the magnetic focusing plate 114 is made of carbon steel, and the carbon steel is preferably Q235.
The above distribution structures of the magnetic blocks 115 and the magnetic focusing plates 114 are combined with the materials of the magnetic blocks, so that the magnetic focusing plates 114 can fully realize the effect of gathering magnetic induction lines, the magnetic focusing plates 114 gather the magnetic induction lines of the same magnetic poles distributed on the end faces of two sides of the magnetic focusing plates, and the magnetic induction lines are distributed along the radial direction of the magnetic focusing plates 114, thereby greatly enhancing the magnetic induction line density of the outer circumferential surface of the magnetic focusing plates 114 and enabling the magnetic induction lines to have stronger magnetic field strength under the same condition.
As a feasible application scenario, the end part of the mounting hole formed in the magnetic block 115 is chamfered, and the fastening bolt 116 is a countersunk bolt, through the structure, when the fastening bolt 116 fastens the magnetic block 115 on the side surface of the magnetic focusing plate 114, the end surface of the magnetic block 115 can be ensured to be flush, and the magnetic block is convenient to cling to an adjacent magnetic ring.
Referring to fig. 2,3 and 4, the manganese ore magnetic separation device further comprises a feeding mechanism 200 arranged right above the auxiliary roller 107, the feeding mechanism 200 comprises a feeding bin 201, a material tray 202, a first vibrator 203 and a V-shaped plate 204, the feeding bin 201 is fixedly arranged at the top of the mounting frame 101 and used for conveying ore sand to the upper surface of the material tray 202, the section of the feeding bin 201 is wide in upper and narrow in lower, so that ore sand in the feeding bin 201 can be gathered conveniently, and the ore sand can be sequentially conveyed into the material tray 202.
The bottom of the inner side of the feeding bin 201 is fixedly provided with a plurality of V-shaped plates 204, so that the ore sand in the feeding bin 201 is simply dispersed and guided, and the influence of a large-volume block structure in the ore sand on feeding is avoided.
The side of the material tray 202 is bent upwards, one side of the opening of the material tray is positioned right above the middle of the magnetic roller 110 and the auxiliary roller 107, and a first vibrator 203 is fixedly arranged on one side of the material tray 202 far away from the opening and is used for driving the vibration of the material tray 202, so that the ore sand is uniformly distributed in the material tray 202.
The tray 202 hangs under feeding bin 201 through 4 at least groups of hanging parts 210, hanging part 210 includes fixed hook 211, fixed hook 211's first end fixed mounting is in the outside of feeding bin 201, the link 212 has been hung to fixed hook 211's second end, the bottom of link 212 is fixed with the first end of adjusting bolt 213, adjusting bolt 213 and the first end threaded connection of connecting block 214, link 212 screws at the first end of connecting block 214 through adjusting bolt 213, and can be through the difference of service environment, adjust the interval of link 212 and connecting block 214, thereby make the length of whole hanging part 210 obtain moderate adjustment, make things convenient for the adjustment of tray 202 inclination.
The second end of the connecting block 214 is in threaded connection with a hanging hook 215, a U-shaped ring 216 is hung on the hanging hook 215, the U-shaped ring 216 is of an inverted U-shaped structure, the middle part of the U-shaped ring 216 is hung on the hanging hook 215, and the end part of the U-shaped ring is fixed with a hanging plate 217.
The middle part of hang plate 217 has seted up through-hole 218, is provided with the guide bar 219 along its slip in the through-hole 218, the top of guide bar 219 is fixed with fixed plate 220 coaxial, and fixed plate 220 is fixed with the first end of spring 221, and the second end of spring 221 is fixed with hang plate 217, and the spring 221 cover is established in the guide bar 219 outside, and the bottom mounting of guide bar 219 has the ring, ring and rings 222 lock joint, rings 222 fixed mounting in the side of charging tray 202.
According to the invention, the tray 202 is hung and installed under the feeding bin 201 through the hanging part 210, the whole length of the hanging part 210 is ensured to be adjustable through the threaded connection relation between the adjusting bolt 213 in the hanging part 210 and the connecting block 214, the lengths of a plurality of hanging parts 210 can be adjusted within a certain range, and the posture of the tray 202 is kept, so that the feeding speed and the feeding uniformity use requirements are met.
The hanging connection mode of the hanging hooks 215 and the U-shaped rings 216 facilitates assembly and separation, improves the flexibility of the structure and facilitates maintenance of equipment.
The hanging plate 217 is connected with the material tray 202 through the fixing plate 220, the springs 221 and the hanging rings 222, and vibration of the first vibrator 203 is combined through elasticity of the springs 221, so that vibration amplitude of the material tray 202 is effectively amplified, and more uniform and effective feeding of the material tray 202 is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 3, 9 and 10, the manganese ore magnetic separation apparatus further includes an auxiliary mechanism 300, the auxiliary mechanism 300 is mounted directly above the magnetic roller 110, the auxiliary mechanism 300 includes a cross beam 301, second vibrators 302, a connection plate 303, guide bars 304 and sliding portions 310, the cross beam 301 is mounted on the mounting plate 102 through the sliding portions 310 provided at both ends thereof, the sliding portions 310 can allow the cross beam 301 to reciprocate within a certain range along the length direction thereof, and a plurality of second vibrators 302 are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the cross beam 301 to power the reciprocating movement of the cross beam 301 along the length direction.
The lower surface of the cross beam 301 is uniformly fixed with a plurality of connecting plates 303 along the length direction thereof, the bottoms of the connecting plates 303 are respectively fixed with a guide strip 304, the cross section of each guide strip 304 is of a trapezoid structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, the lower surface of each guide strip 304 is attached to the outer surface of the conveyor belt 108, and a gap between two adjacent guide strips 304 is aligned with the magnetic focusing plate 114 along the radial direction.
Wherein, the one end that the guide bar 304 is close to the auxiliary roller 107 is chamfered, is convenient for shunt and direction the ore sand that carries on the conveyer belt 108 for the ore sand flows backward along the gap between the guide bar 304 under the water conservancy diversion effect of a plurality of guide bars 304.
The sliding part 310 comprises a sliding block 311, a long strip hole 312, a guiding square pipe 313 and a limiting pin 314, the end part of the cross beam 301 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 311, a plurality of long strip holes 312 are vertically formed in the sliding block 311, the cross section of the long strip holes 312 is in a runway shape, the long axis direction of the cross section is parallel to the length direction of the cross beam 301, the sliding block 311 is arranged in the guiding square pipe 313 in a sliding mode, the guiding square pipe 313 is fixed with the mounting plate 102, a plurality of limiting pins 314 are vertically arranged on the guiding square pipe 313, the cross section of the limiting pins 314 is circular, and the limiting pins 314 are arranged in the long strip holes 312.
In the above structure of the present invention, firstly, the cooperation of the guide square tube 313 and the sliding block 311 ensures that the cross beam 301 can only move along the length direction thereof, and the cooperation of the limiting pin 314 and the strip hole 312 realizes the limitation of the movement stroke of the cross beam 301, so that the cross beam 301 can only slide reciprocally within a certain range.
In the process of driving the cross beam 301 to slide reciprocally through the plurality of second vibrators 302, the cross beam 301 drives the guide bars 304 to synchronously move within a certain range through the plurality of connecting plates 303, and in the process of moving the guide bars 304, ore sand positioned on the upper surface of the conveyor belt 108 is split and guided, so that the ore sand flows backwards along gaps among the guide bars 304 under the guiding action of the guide bars 304.
Because the gaps between adjacent guide bars 304 are radially aligned with the magnetic concentrating plates 114, and because of the magnetic concentrating effect of the magnetic concentrating plates 114, the magnetic attraction to the sand containing manganese metal is greater as the sand flows back through the gaps between the guide bars 304.
In addition, combining the reciprocating motion of a plurality of guide strips 304 is beneficial to prepare for further separation of the sand on the upper surface of the conveyor belt 108, because when the sand flows backwards from the gaps of the guide strips 304, the sand containing metal manganese is more beneficial to being close to the outer surface of the conveyor belt 108 under the action of magnetic adsorption, and the reciprocating motion of the guide strips 304 forces the sand between the gaps to a certain extent, so that under the action of the guide strips 304, the sand containing metal manganese has a trend of being close to the outer surface of the conveyor belt 108 every time the sand containing metal manganese is displaced, otherwise, the sand without metal manganese has a trend of being far away from the outer surface of the conveyor belt 108 every time the sand is displaced, so that after the guide strips 304 touch the sand for many times, the part containing metal manganese in the sand is closer to the outer surface of the conveyor belt 108, at this time, the specific position of the separating plate 105 is regulated, classification of the sand can be helped, loss of the manganese-containing sand is avoided, meanwhile, purity of the manganese ore is ensured, and classification of the sand is more accurate.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a manganese ore dry beneficiation process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, crushing
And (3) primarily crushing raw ore of manganese ore by a jaw crusher until the particle size of the ore is less than or equal to 50mm, and further crushing by a cone crusher to obtain ore particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 10mm for later use.
The crushing is a pretreatment stage of the ore dressing process, and the mechanical force is utilized to cause the ore to be subjected to brittle fracture, so that the purpose is to crush massive raw ore into smaller particles, provide proper feeding size for subsequent ore grinding and ore dressing, effectively improve the efficiency of the subsequent ore grinding process, reduce the whole energy consumption, simultaneously keep the granularity of the ore uniform, and reduce the unnecessary wear of equipment.
Step 2, grinding
And (3) finely grinding the ore particles obtained in the step (1) by using a ball mill or a rod mill to obtain ore sand for standby.
The fineness of the ore is controlled according to the granularity of the ore embedding cloth in the process, and the fineness of the final ore sand is controlled to be 60% -80% in a ratio of-200 meshes, so that the aim is to ensure that manganese minerals and gangue are fully separated, and prevent the grinding from causing mud and influencing the magnetic separation efficiency.
The ore grinding step ensures that manganese minerals and gangue can be efficiently dissociated, so that the accuracy of subsequent magnetic separation is remarkably improved, the problem of slurry increase caused by overgrinding is effectively avoided by precisely controlling the fineness, the blocking risk of magnetic separation equipment is reduced, the loss of manganese is reduced, the energy consumption is optimized, and good balance is achieved between the ore grinding cost and the ore dressing effect.
Step 3, ore dressing
Classifying the ore sand obtained in the step 2 according to the type of manganese ore, and classifying the ore sand into natural magnetic ore sand and non-magnetic and weak magnetic ore sand.
The manganese ore can be classified into natural magnetic ore and non-magnetic and weak magnetic ore according to the magnetic difference, wherein the magnetic ore is exemplified by manganese oxide ore, contains ferromanganese nodules or lattice defects, has natural magnetism, the non-magnetic and weak magnetic ore is exemplified by manganese carbonate ore, wherein the non-magnetic and weak magnetic ore does not contain iron oxide or has low content, so that the non-magnetic and weak magnetic ore is self-contained, and the part of ore powder needs to be roasted to have magnetism and then is further magnetically separated.
The classifying step realizes the split-flow treatment of different magnetic ores, and greatly enhances the flexibility of the process flow.
The step provides a special path for roasting pretreatment of non-magnetic or weak magnetic ore sand, thereby maximizing the utilization rate of resources, reducing the treatment of invalid materials in the direct magnetic separation process and saving energy and time cost.
Step 4, roasting
Transferring the non-magnetic and weakly magnetic ore sand in the step 3 into a rotary kiln or a fluidized bed roaster, roasting for 0.5-1 hour at 600-800 ℃, and cooling to form roasted ore sand for later use.
In the step, mn 2O3、Mn3O4 and CO 2 gas are generated by MnCO 3 under the condition of 600-800 ℃, and Mn 2O3 has weak magnetism, and Mn 3O4 has strong magnetism, so that magnetic separation is convenient in subsequent procedures.
The roasting process successfully converts the ores which cannot be magnetically separated originally into materials which can be effectively captured by the magnetic separation equipment, greatly expands the range of the ores which can be processed, is particularly suitable for low-grade manganese carbonate ores, remarkably improves the overall recovery rate of manganese, and is easy to stably implement on an industrial scale due to mature and controllable reaction conditions.
Step 5, magnetic separation
And (3) conveying the magnetic ore sand in the step (3) and the roasted ore sand in the step (4) to the magnetic separation equipment to finish roughing, and conveying tailings after roughing to a high-gradient magnetic separator to perform further magnetic separation so as to recover residual weak magnetic manganese ore sand and obtain manganese concentrate ore sand.
When the magnetic separation equipment is adopted for rough concentration, the magnetic separation speed is high, the magnetic separation efficiency is high, the magnetic manganese-containing ore sand in the ore sand can be basically extracted, and the rest part of the weak magnetic manganese-containing ore sand is carefully selected through the high-gradient magnetic separator, so that the loss of the manganese-containing ore sand is avoided.
In the steps, a rough concentration and carefully-selected two-stage magnetic separation process is adopted, so that the recovery rate of manganese ore sand is greatly improved, the loss of valuable metals is effectively reduced, and the application of the high-gradient magnetic separator is particularly beneficial to capturing fine weakly magnetic particles, so that the product grade of final manganese concentrate is improved, and the whole magnetic separation process is continuous and efficient and is very suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Step 6, post-treatment
And (3) adding clean water into the manganese concentrate ore sand obtained in the step (5) to prepare ore pulp, treating the ore pulp by a concentrator, and sequentially carrying out filter pressing and drying to obtain the manganese concentrate powder.
The concentration machine initially concentrates the ore pulp to 50% -60%, a vacuum filter or a plate-and-frame filter press is adopted for dehydration in the filter pressing process, so that the overall moisture is reduced to below 10%, and finally, the moisture is further reduced to below 5% through a hot air dryer or a roller dryer, so that the industrial standard of the manganese fine powder is met.
The steps are combined through multistage dehydration and drying, so that the moisture content of the product is obviously reduced, the transportation cost is reduced, caking or oxidation of the product in the storage process can be prevented, and finally, the manganese refined powder product which is dry, stable and accords with the industrial standard is obtained, and the strict requirements of downstream uses such as metallurgy or chemical industry are met.
The process design has low energy consumption and high efficiency, and ensures the quality and economy of the final product.
In accordance with the above embodiments of the invention, these embodiments are not exhaustive of all details, nor are they limited to the only embodiments of the invention. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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