Clamp table for machining mechanical parts
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining of mechanical parts, in particular to a clamp table for machining of mechanical parts.
Background
The mechanical parts are also called mechanical elements, are basic elements forming the machinery, are undetachable single parts forming the machinery and the machinery, are also called parts and components generally, and are required to be precisely machined in order to ensure that the dimensional precision, the shape precision and the position precision of the mechanical parts meet the design requirements and ensure the whole quality of products.
When a mechanical part is machined, machining of a workpiece on a precision part through a machine tool is a common finish machining means, and because the finish machining has strict requirements on machining precision of the workpiece, the conditions such as the clamping direction of a clamp and whether machining can ensure the stability of the mechanical part need to be fully considered, when the clamp cannot ensure the stability of the mechanical part during machining, the precision of the machined mechanical part can be directly influenced, and the clamp at present has the following problems during use.
When traditional mechanical part centre gripping, like carrying out the centre gripping to the annular spare, generally adopt three-jaw chuck to carry out the centre gripping fixedly, like a shaft class forging finished product size detection device of publication number CN113670179B, three-jaw chuck fixes annular spare in the centre to accomplish processing work, three-jaw chuck adjusts according to the diameter of annular spare, if annular spare is great and surpass three-jaw chuck's the biggest distance that opens, then can't carry out processing work, and three-jaw chuck's center is empty, when carrying out the centre gripping with annular spare, when exerting decurrent force to annular spare, can make annular spare continue to move to three-jaw chuck inside, and then make processing error appear.
The three-jaw chuck clamp in the prior art has the technical problems that 1, only arc-shaped parts such as annular parts and tubular parts with conventional sizes can be clamped and fixed, the fixed machining of the annular parts with large diameters is not suitable, 2, the lower part of a part to be machined is not supported, machining errors are caused due to the fact that the lower part of the part to be machined is not supported, 3, the triangular chuck can only clamp the annular parts with curved surfaces, square parts cannot be clamped, and therefore when the shape of the clamped parts is changed from annular to square, the three-jaw chuck is required to be detached, the bolt clamp is used for clamping and fixing, and machining time is wasted when the clamp is replaced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a clamp table for machining mechanical parts, so as to solve the technical problems that in the background art, ring-shaped parts with different diameters cannot be clamped, and a three-jaw chuck can only clamp ring-shaped parts but cannot clamp square parts.
The fixture table for machining the mechanical parts comprises a machine tool workbench, wherein the top end of the machine tool workbench is fixedly connected with a fixed base, the top end of the fixed base is fixedly connected with a supporting rod, the top end of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with a sector plate, the side surface of the sector plate is movably connected with a clamping mechanism, the inside of the clamping mechanism is movably connected with an adjusting mechanism, the inside of the sector plate is movably connected with a fixing mechanism, and the top end of the clamping mechanism is provided with a ring-shaped part and a square-shaped part;
The clamping mechanism comprises a servo motor capable of providing power, an output gear is fixedly connected to the top end of the servo motor, a driven gear is meshed with the side face of the output gear, a movable rack is meshed with the side face of the driven gear, and a clamping assembly is meshed with the top end of the movable rack.
In a preferred embodiment, the number of the supporting rods is three, the three supporting rods are distributed above the fixed base at equal angles by taking the center of the circle of the fixed base as the center, the top end of each supporting rod is fixedly connected with a sector plate, the connecting parts of the three sector plates are movably connected with clamping mechanisms, one of the connecting parts is movably connected with a fixing mechanism at the center of the inside of the sector plate, and the fixing mechanism and one of the adjusting mechanisms are positioned at the same straight line position.
In a preferred embodiment, the movable rack is movably connected with a triangular rod, three corners of the triangular rod are fixedly connected with the supporting rod, two sides of the clamping assembly are fixedly connected with limiting strips, and the side surfaces of the sector plates are provided with sliding grooves matched with the limiting strips.
In a preferred embodiment, the number of the movable racks and the number of the limiting strips are three, a supporting shaft is movably sleeved in the driven gear, the top end of the supporting shaft is fixedly connected with a supporting disc, and the top end of the supporting disc is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the sector plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the clamping assembly comprises a sliding block meshed with the movable rack, a first supporting table is fixedly connected to the top end of the sliding block, a second supporting table is fixedly connected to the top end of the first supporting table, and a third supporting table is fixedly connected to the top end of the second supporting table.
In a preferred embodiment, the adjustment mechanism comprises a movable block capable of sliding in the clamping assembly, a threaded rod is connected to the inner thread of the movable block, an upper rotating wheel is fixedly connected to the top end of the threaded rod, a connecting block is fixedly connected to the side face of the movable block, a top block is fixedly connected to the side face, away from the movable block, of the connecting block, and a supporting block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the top block.
In a preferred embodiment, the fixing mechanism comprises a fixing frame which is positioned in the sector plate and fixedly connected with the sector plate, a movable plate is movably connected to the inside of the fixing frame, a screw is connected to the inside of the movable plate in a threaded manner, a side rotating wheel is fixedly connected to the side surface of the screw, which is far away from the movable plate, a fixing shaft is fixedly connected to the side surface, which is far away from the side rotating wheel, of the movable plate, a supporting plate is movably sleeved on the side surface of the fixing shaft, and the top end of the fixing frame and the top end of the sector plate are positioned on the same plane.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. when the servo motor is started, the driven gear is rotated through the output gear, so that the movable rack drives the clamping assembly to move, when the clamping assembly moves, small-size annular parts are fixed through the interiors of the three clamping assemblies, and large-size annular parts are fixed on the side surfaces of the first supporting table, the second supporting table or the third supporting table in the clamping assembly;
2. When the annular piece is clamped by the clamping assemblies, the annular piece is placed on the inner sides of the three clamping assemblies, at the moment, the annular piece is positioned above the supporting blocks, the outer sides of the annular piece are in contact with the jacking blocks, the jacking blocks fix the annular piece, the supporting blocks support the annular piece, the annular piece is prevented from moving downwards during processing, the rotating wheel can be rotated to enable the threaded rod to drive the moving block to move upwards and downwards, the jacking blocks and the supporting blocks are further enabled to move upwards and downwards, the height of the annular piece is adjusted, parts to be processed are supported, and processing errors are reduced;
3. When the square piece is clamped and fixed, the position of the clamping mechanism is adjusted according to the width of the square piece, the three ejector blocks are in contact with the three side faces of the square piece, the supporting plate rotates and is in contact with the side faces of the fixed frame, the rotating side rotating wheel rotates the screw, the moving plate drives the supporting plate to move through the fixed shaft when the screw rotates, and the supporting plate is in contact with the last side face of the square piece, so that the square piece is fixed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a clamping part structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the lower structure of the sector plate of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a clamping mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a clamping set structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the adjusting mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the fixing mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fixing mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the square member of the present invention.
The numerical control machine tool comprises a machine tool workbench, a fixed base, a support rod, a fan-shaped plate, a triangular rod, a clamping mechanism, a servo motor, a driving gear, a moving rack, a limiting bar, a clamping assembly, a clamping block, a sliding block, a first support table, a 6063 support table, a second support table, a 6064 support table, a third support table, a 607 support shaft, a 608 support disc, a 7 support mechanism, a 701 support block, a moving block, a 702, a threaded rod, a 703, an upper rotating wheel, a 704, a connecting block, a 705, a top block, a 706, a support block, a 8, a fixing mechanism, a 801, a fixed frame, a 802, a moving plate, a 803, a threaded rod, a 804, a side rotating wheel, a 805, a fixed shaft, a 806, a support plate, a 9, a ring-shaped piece and a10 square piece.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described more fully with reference to the drawings in the present invention, and the configurations of the structures described in the following embodiments are merely examples, and the jig table for machining a machine component according to the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person having ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 9, the invention provides a fixture table for machining mechanical parts, which comprises a machine tool workbench 1, wherein the top end of the machine tool workbench 1 is fixedly connected with a fixed base 2, the top end of the fixed base 2 is fixedly connected with a supporting rod 3, the top end of the supporting rod 3 is fixedly connected with a sector plate 4, the side surface of the sector plate 4 is movably connected with a clamping mechanism 6, the inside of the clamping mechanism 6 is movably connected with an adjusting mechanism 7, the inside of the sector plate 4 is movably connected with a fixing mechanism 8, annular pieces 9 and square pieces 10 are arranged at the top end of the clamping mechanism 6, the number of the supporting rods 3 is three, the three supporting rods 3 are distributed above the fixed base 2 by taking the center of the circle of the fixed base as the same angle, the top end of each supporting rod 3 is fixedly connected with the sector plate 4, the connecting parts of the three sector plates 4 are movably connected with the clamping mechanism 6, the center of one sector plate 4 is movably connected with the fixing mechanism 8, and the fixing mechanism 8 and one adjusting mechanism 7 are positioned at the same straight line position.
In the embodiment of the application, when clamping is performed, three clamping mechanisms 6 can synchronously move to further perform processing work, and three support rods 3 are distributed at equal angles, so that the fan-shaped plate 4 above the support rods 3, the clamping mechanisms 6 on the side surfaces of the fan-shaped plate 4 and the adjusting mechanisms 7 are distributed at equal angles, the fixing mechanisms 8 are positioned in the middle of the upper side surface of one fan-shaped plate 4, and the number of the fixing mechanisms 8 is one, so that the fixing mechanisms 8 and one adjusting mechanism 7 are positioned in a straight line, as shown in fig. 3, and more stable clamping and fixing can be performed when the workpiece 10 is clamped.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the clamping mechanism 6 includes a servo motor 601 that can provide power, the top fixedly connected with output gear 602 of servo motor 601, the side meshing of output gear 602 has driven gear 603, the side meshing of driven gear 603 has movable rack 604, the top meshing of movable rack 604 has clamping assembly 606, the inside swing joint of movable rack 604 has triangular pole 5, three corners and bracing piece 3 fixed connection of triangular pole 5, clamping assembly 606's both sides fixedly connected with spacing 605, the spout with spacing 605 looks adaptation has been seted up to the side of sector plate 4, the quantity of movable rack 604 and spacing 605 is three, the inside activity of driven gear 603 has cup jointed back shaft 607, the top fixedly connected with supporting disk 608 of back shaft 607, the top of supporting disk 608 and the bottom fixed connection of sector plate 4.
In the embodiment of the application, when the annular piece 9 needs to be clamped and fixed, the servo motor 601 is started to drive the driven gear 603 to rotate, when the driven gear 603 rotates, three movable racks 604 on the side surfaces of the driven gear 603 move, further, a clamping component 606 above the three movable racks 604 moves, when the clamping component 606 moves, the annular piece 9 can be clamped, the triangular rod 5 can limit the moving direction of the movable racks 604, the stability of the movable racks 604 is kept, the movable racks 604 can not move continuously when moving to the corners of the triangular rod 5, the movable racks 604 are prevented from being separated from the driven gear 603, the three corners of the triangular rod 5 are connected with the supporting rods 3, the stability of the triangular rod 5 is kept, tooth grooves on the side surfaces of the movable racks 604 are meshed with the side surfaces of the driven gear 603, and oblique tooth grooves on the top ends of the movable racks 604 are meshed with oblique tooth grooves on the bottom ends of the clamping components 606, so that the upper parts of the supporting plates 608 can move stably, and the bottom ends of the sector plates 4 are contacted with the sector plates 4, and the stability of the sector plates 4 is guaranteed through the supporting plates 608 and the supporting rods 3.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the clamping assembly 606 includes a slide block 6061 engaged with the movable rack 604, a first support table 6062 is fixedly connected to a top end of the slide block 6061, a second support table 6063 is fixedly connected to a top end of the first support table 6062, and a third support table 6064 is fixedly connected to a top end of the second support table 6063.
In the embodiment of the application, the ring-shaped pieces 9 with different diameters can be placed above the sliding block 6061, the first support table 6062 or the second support table 6063, when the clamping assembly 606 moves outwards as a whole, the first support table 6062, the second support table 6063 or the third support table 6064 can be used for limiting and fixing, and the side surfaces of the clamping assembly 606, the second support table 6063 and the third support table 6064 far away from the adjusting mechanism 7 are cambered surfaces, so that the ring-shaped pieces 9 are prevented from being damaged during contact.
Referring to fig. 6, the adjusting mechanism 7 includes a moving block 701 capable of sliding in the clamping assembly 606, a threaded rod 702 is connected to an internal thread of the moving block 701, an upper rotating wheel 703 is fixedly connected to a top end of the threaded rod 702, a connecting block 704 is fixedly connected to a side surface of the moving block 701, a top block 705 is fixedly connected to a side surface of the connecting block 704 away from the moving block 701, and a supporting block 706 is fixedly connected to a bottom end of the top block 705.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the upper rotating wheel 703 rotates, the threaded rod 702 rotates and drives the moving block 701 to move up and down, when the moving block 701 moves up and down, the connecting block 704 drives the top block 705 and the supporting block 706 below the top block to move up and down, after the supporting block 706 moves to a proper position, the ring-shaped member 9 is placed above the supporting block 706, the height of the ring-shaped member 9 is limited, so that the processing is convenient, in addition, the threaded rod 702 is movably sleeved with the inside of the third supporting table 6064, and the threaded rod 702 only rotates in the inside of the third supporting table 6064, but does not move in the vertical direction, which is a technology in the art.
Referring to fig. 7, 8 and 9, the fixing mechanism 8 includes a fixing frame 801 located in the sector plate 4 and fixedly connected with the sector plate 4, a moving plate 802 is movably connected in the fixing frame 801, a screw 803 is connected to the moving plate 802 in a threaded manner, a side rotating wheel 804 is fixedly connected to a side surface of the screw 803, which is far away from the moving plate 802, a fixing shaft 805 is fixedly connected to a side surface of the moving plate 802, a supporting plate 806 is movably sleeved on a side surface of the fixing shaft 805, the top end of the fixing frame 801 and the top end of the sector plate 4 are located on the same plane, wherein the moving plate 802 is of a T shape, a limit groove is formed in a side surface, which is far away from the side rotating wheel 804, of the fixing frame 801, and the screw 803 is prevented from being screwed out.
In the embodiment of the application, when the square piece 10 is fixed, the supporting plate 806 rotates upwards around the fixed shaft 805, the supporting plate 806 contacts with the side surface of the fixed frame 801 after rotating, the supporting plate 806 rotates to rotate the side rotating wheel 804, the side rotating wheel 804 drives the screw 803 to rotate and the moving plate 802 drives the supporting plate 806 to move, and the supporting plate 806 contacts with the rearmost short side of the square piece 10 when moving, so that the square piece 10 is fixed, as shown in fig. 9, and four side surfaces of the square piece 10 are all fixed, so that the processing stability of the square piece is maintained, and the processing precision is improved.
When the annular piece 9 is clamped and fixed, according to the diameter of the annular piece 9, if the diameter is smaller, the annular piece 9 can be selectively placed above the inner supporting blocks 706 of the three clamping mechanisms 6 so as to be contacted with the outer sides of the annular piece 9 for clamping and fixing, and if the diameter is larger, the annular piece 9 can be placed on different supporting tables on the outer sides of the clamping mechanisms 6 so as to be contacted with the inner sides of the annular piece 9 for clamping and fixing;
When clamping and fixing a small-sized annular piece 9, firstly, adjusting the height of a supporting block 706 according to the height of the annular piece 9, when the supporting block 706 is adjusted in height, rotating an upper rotating wheel 703 to enable a threaded rod 702 to rotate and drive a moving block 701 to move up and down, when the moving block 701 moves up and down, driving a top block 705 to move up and down with the supporting block 706 below the top block through a connecting block 704, and arranging a hole for the connecting block 704 to move up and down on the side surface of a third supporting table 6064 contacted with the top block 705, and after the supporting block 706 is moved to a proper position, placing the annular piece 9 above any supporting block 706, and enabling the side surface of the annular piece 9 to be contacted with the top block 705 above the supporting block 706;
When the annular piece 9 is placed above the supporting block 706, the servo motor 601 is started and drives the output gear 602 to rotate, the output gear 602 drives the driven gear 603 to rotate when rotating, the driven gear 603 rotates to enable the movable rack 604 to move, the movable rack 604 drives the clamping assembly 606 above the movable rack 604 to move, when the three clamping assemblies 606 synchronously move inwards, the three clamping assemblies 606 drive the top blocks 705 on the side surfaces of the three clamping assemblies 606 to synchronously move inwards, and the three top blocks 705 clamp and fix the annular piece 9 on the inner side of the annular piece, so that subsequent processing work can be performed;
When the large-size ring-shaped piece 9 is processed, the ring-shaped piece 9 is placed above the sliding block 6061, above the first supporting table 6062 or above the second supporting table 6063 according to the size of the ring-shaped piece 9, after the ring-shaped piece 9 is placed, the servo motor 601 controls the output gear 602 to rotate reversely, so that the clamping assembly 606 integrally moves outwards, when the ring-shaped piece 9 is placed above the sliding block 6061, the first supporting table 6062 is fixed when moving outwards, when the ring-shaped piece 9 is placed above the first supporting table 6062, the second supporting table 6063 is fixed, and when the ring-shaped piece is placed above the second supporting table 6063, the third supporting table 6064 is fixed;
When the square piece 10 is fixed, the square piece 10 is placed according to the mode of fig. 9, at the moment, the top blocks 705 in the two long-side adjusting mechanisms 7 of the square piece 10 are contacted with the long side of the square piece 10, the other top block 705 is contacted with one short side of the square piece 10, the supporting plate 806 rotates upwards around the fixed shaft 805, the supporting plate 806 contacts with the side surface of the fixed frame 801 after rotating, the side rotating wheel 804 rotates after rotating the supporting plate 806, the side rotating wheel 804 drives the screw 803 to rotate and enables the movable plate 802 to drive the supporting plate 806 to move, and the supporting plate 806 contacts with the last short side of the square piece 10 when moving, so that the square piece 10 is fixed, as shown in fig. 9, and the four side surfaces of the square piece 10 are fixed, so that the square piece 10 can be prevented from moving during processing, the processing stability of the square piece 10 can be kept, and the processing precision can be further improved.
Finally, the foregoing is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, and any modifications, equivalent arrangements, improvements or the like which fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.