CN120861859B - A special grinding equipment for crankshafts - Google Patents

A special grinding equipment for crankshafts

Info

Publication number
CN120861859B
CN120861859B CN202511405813.3A CN202511405813A CN120861859B CN 120861859 B CN120861859 B CN 120861859B CN 202511405813 A CN202511405813 A CN 202511405813A CN 120861859 B CN120861859 B CN 120861859B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
mounting
cylinder
gear
processing table
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202511405813.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN120861859A (en
Inventor
张磊
金勇涛
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jingdezhen Jinghang Chicheng Machinery Co ltd
Original Assignee
Jingdezhen Jinghang Chicheng Machinery Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jingdezhen Jinghang Chicheng Machinery Co ltd filed Critical Jingdezhen Jinghang Chicheng Machinery Co ltd
Priority to CN202511405813.3A priority Critical patent/CN120861859B/en
Publication of CN120861859A publication Critical patent/CN120861859A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN120861859B publication Critical patent/CN120861859B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/42Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B5/00Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B5/18Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning crankshafts, eccentrics, or cams, e.g. crankpin lathes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0042Devices for removing chips
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/10Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
    • B24B47/12Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/22Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/35Accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/42Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
    • B24B5/421Supports therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/06Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses special grinding equipment for crankshafts, which belongs to the technical field of machining equipment and comprises a base, wherein a machining table is arranged in the middle of the top of the base, and three-jaw chucks are uniformly arranged on the top of the machining table in an annular array. The invention is characterized in that a plurality of groups of three-jaw chucks are uniformly distributed on the top of a processing table in an annular array manner, a plurality of groups of crankshafts can be clamped and fixed in the processing process, the driving mechanism consisting of a driving bin, a main gear, a driven gear, a mounting column and a driving motor is utilized to control the rotation of the plurality of groups of crankshafts at the same speed, and the positions of a plurality of groups of cutting heads are synchronously adjusted by matching with a hydraulic cylinder and a position adjusting mechanism consisting of an adjusting bin, a rotating disc, a plane thread, a mounting block, the mounting bin, a rotating shaft, a worm wheel, a worm and a rotating motor.

Description

Special abrasive machining equipment of bent axle
Technical Field
The invention relates to a turning device, in particular to special grinding equipment for a crankshaft, and belongs to the technical field of machining equipment.
Background
The traditional crankshaft grinding equipment is designed to be single-station or double-station, and only can clamp, position and grind 1-2 crankshafts at a time. In the processing process, the whole cycle of feeding, clamping, processing and discharging is needed, the processing time of a single crankshaft is long, and the yield per unit time is low. Taking an automobile engine crankshaft as an example, the daily output of traditional equipment is generally less than 200, and the daily average demand of a single production line of a main stream train enterprise can reach more than 500, so that the contradiction between the equipment productivity and the market demand is remarkable. Meanwhile, if multi-station equipment exists, the rotation speed of the crankshafts is inconsistent due to independent control of each station driving mechanism, synchronous processing cannot be realized, the production efficiency is further restricted, the workload of manual monitoring and adjustment is increased, and the labor cost and the time cost are high.
The main journal of the crankshaft and the connecting rod journal are core matching parts, the roundness and cylindricity of the main journal are required to be controlled within 0.005mm, and the coaxiality is required to be less than or equal to 0.01mm. The traditional equipment is mostly bottom single chuck centre gripping to the fixed mode of bent axle, only fixes a position bent axle one end through three jaw chuck, and the bent axle other end lacks effectual centering and reinforced structure. In addition, the position adjustment of the cutting heads of partial equipment depends on manual operation, the feeding amount of each cutting head is difficult to accurately synchronize, and the problem of inconsistent crankshaft sizes in the same batch is easy to occur during multi-station processing.
The grinding of crankshafts can produce a large amount of metal chips, and conventional equipment lacks a synchronous and automatic chip cleaning mechanism, so that chips are easily accumulated on the surface of a processing table, a clamping gap of a chuck and the cutting edge of a cutting head. On one hand, accumulated scraps can change the actual positioning height of the crankshaft, so that the reference of subsequent processing is offset, the precision is further reduced, and on the other hand, if the fine scraps enter into a transmission part of equipment, the abrasion of the part is increased, the service life of the equipment is shortened, and the maintenance frequency and the cost are increased. The existing cleaning mode relies on manual regular sweeping or wiping, the processing flow is not only interrupted, but also the cleaning is not thorough, especially the scraps in dead angle areas such as the edge of a processing table, the inner side of a shield and the like are difficult to clean, and equipment faults are easy to cause due to long-term accumulation.
The diameters and the intervals of the journals of the crankshafts of different types are different, and the radial feeding amount of the cutting head needs to be adjusted to adapt to the processing requirements. The cutting heads of the traditional equipment are adjusted by adopting a single-head independent adjusting structure, the positions of all the cutting heads are required to be adjusted one by manually rotating a screw rod or a knob, the adjusting process is time-consuming, and the position accuracy consistency of all the cutting heads is difficult to ensure. While the relative position adjustment of the cutting head and the crankshaft depends on manual experience judgment, no visual or automatic positioning assistance exists, the transformation efficiency is low, and the flexible production requirement of multiple types of crankshafts is difficult to quickly respond.
To sum up, aiming at the short plates of the existing crankshaft grinding processing equipment in the aspects of efficiency, precision, cleaning, suitability and automation, the development of special grinding equipment with the functions of multi-station synchronous processing, automatic centering reinforcement, real-time scrap cleaning and synchronous cutting head adjustment is needed to meet the requirements of large-scale, high-precision and intelligent crankshaft production, reduce the production cost and promote the product competitiveness.
For this purpose, a special grinding device for crankshafts is designed to optimize the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide special grinding processing equipment for crankshafts, a plurality of groups of three-jaw chucks are uniformly distributed on the top of a processing table in an annular array mode, a plurality of groups of crankshafts can be clamped and fixed in the processing process, a driving mechanism consisting of a driving bin, a main gear, a driven gear, a mounting column and a driving motor is utilized to control the rotation of the plurality of groups of crankshafts at the same speed, and then the hydraulic cylinder, a rotary table, a plane thread, a mounting block, the mounting bin, a rotary shaft, a worm gear, a worm and a position adjusting mechanism consisting of a rotary motor are matched to synchronously adjust the positions of a plurality of groups of cutting heads, so that the device can synchronously perform turning in the processing process, the processing rate is improved, the labor and the production cost are reduced, and the chip generated by turning can be cleaned up to the inner side edges of a protective cover in the processing process by the device, the chip generated by the turning of the device, the chip can be conveniently collected, the chip can be removed from the top edges of a cylinder body, a first centering rod, a second centering rod, a piston and a piston can be mounted on the top end of the piston, the piston can be automatically moved down, the piston can be automatically moved to the top of the piston can be automatically controlled to realize the processing, and the pressure relief state is relieved, and the processing is finished.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
the special grinding processing equipment for the crankshafts comprises a base, wherein a processing table is arranged in the middle of the top of the base, three-jaw chucks are uniformly arranged on the top of the processing table in an annular array, and a driving mechanism for controlling the three-jaw chucks to synchronously rotate is arranged between the inside of the base and the processing table;
the top of the base is provided with a cleaning mechanism for cleaning scraps on the surface of the processing table;
A portal frame is fixed between two sides of the top of the base, a hydraulic cylinder is vertically installed at the middle position of the top of the portal frame, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder faces the base, a mounting plate is horizontally installed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, a support column is fixed at the middle position of the bottom end of the mounting plate, cutting heads are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the bottom end of the support column, and a position adjusting mechanism for controlling the cutting heads to synchronously stretch out and draw back is arranged in the support column;
centering reinforcing mechanisms are uniformly arranged on the outer sides of the top of the mounting disc, and are respectively positioned right above the three-jaw chucks.
Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a driving bin, a main gear, driven gears, a mounting column and a driving motor, wherein the driving bin is arranged in the processing table, the main gear is rotatably arranged at the middle position of the bottom in the driving bin, the driven gears are uniformly meshed with the outer sides of the main gear, the number of the driven gears is the same as that of the three-jaw chucks, the bottoms of the driven gears are rotatably connected with the inner bottoms of the driving bin through shaft rods, the top ends of the driven gears are fixedly provided with the mounting column, the top ends of the mounting column extend to the top of the processing table, the three-jaw chucks are respectively arranged at the top ends of the mounting column, the driving motor is arranged in the base, and the output end of the driving motor is connected with the main gear.
Preferably, the driven gears are provided with four groups, the distances between adjacent driven gears are the same, and the driven gears are smaller than the radius of the main gear.
Preferably, the cleaning mechanism comprises a toothed ring, an outer protecting shell, a groove, an air pump, an air duct and a spray nozzle, wherein the toothed ring is sleeved on the outer side of the processing table and is rotatably arranged at the top of the base, one side of the driven gear extends to the outer side of the processing table, the outer side of the driven gear is meshed with the inner side of the toothed ring, the outer protecting shell is sleeved on the outer side of the toothed ring, the outer protecting shell is fixedly connected with the top of the base, the inner wall of the outer protecting shell is attached to the outer side of the toothed ring, the bottom of the toothed ring is provided with the groove along the circumferential direction, the air duct communicated with the inside of the groove is vertically arranged at the top of the toothed ring, the spray nozzle is obliquely arranged at the top of the air duct, the bottom of the spray nozzle is obliquely oriented to the top of the processing table, the air pump is arranged in the base, and the output end of the air pump is communicated with the inside of the groove through a pipeline.
Preferably, the side edge of the protective cover is provided with a cleaning opening, the cleaning opening is vertically inserted with a door plate, guide bars are arranged on two sides of the door plate, and the side edge of the cleaning opening is provided with a guide groove.
Preferably, the position adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting bin, a rotary table, planar threads, an installing block and a rotating assembly, wherein the cross section of a support column is in a convex shape, the bottom end of the support column is provided with the adjusting bin, the rotary table is rotatably installed at the inner bottom of the adjusting bin, the planar threads are arranged at the top of the rotary table, the installing block is uniformly and slidingly arranged at the bottom end of the outer side of the support column along the circumferential direction, the installing block is perpendicular to the tangential direction, the bottom end of the installing block is meshed with the planar threads, the cutting heads are respectively installed at the outer end parts of the installing block, and the rotating assembly for controlling the rotary table to rotate is arranged at the top of the support column.
Preferably, the rotating assembly comprises a mounting bin, a rotating shaft, a worm wheel, a worm and a rotating motor, wherein the mounting bin is arranged at the inner top of the support column, the rotating shaft is vertically arranged in the mounting bin in a rotating mode, the bottom end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the middle position of the rotating disc, the worm wheel is fixed at the top end of the rotating shaft, the rotating motor is arranged on the outer side of the support column, and the worm meshed with the worm wheel is arranged at the output end of the rotating motor.
Preferably, the top of the mounting plate is uniformly and vertically fixed with a sliding rod, and the sliding rod is in sliding connection with the portal frame.
The centering reinforcement mechanism comprises a first cylinder body, a first piston, a mounting rod, a center, a first one-way pressure relief valve and a backflow component, wherein the first cylinder body is uniformly and vertically arranged on a mounting plate, hydraulic oil is filled in the first cylinder body, the first piston is vertically and slidingly arranged in the first cylinder body, the mounting rod is fixed at the bottom end of the first piston, the center is arranged at the bottom end of the mounting rod, the center and a three-jaw chuck are coaxial, the first one-way pressure relief valve is arranged at the top of the first cylinder body, and the backflow component for collecting and circulating the hydraulic oil is arranged at the top of the mounting plate.
Preferably, the reflux assembly comprises a second cylinder body, a second piston, push rods, a drain pipe, a circulating pipe and a second one-way pressure release valve, wherein the second cylinder body is uniformly arranged at the top of the portal, the number of the second cylinder bodies is the same as that of the first cylinder bodies, the second pistons are arranged in the second cylinder bodies in a sliding mode, the push rods are vertically fixed at the middle positions of the bottom ends of the second pistons, the push rods penetrate through the portal and are in sliding connection with the portal, the bottom ends of the push rods are attached to the top of the mounting plate, the drain pipe is arranged between the top end of the second cylinder body and the first one-way pressure release valve, the circulating pipe is arranged between the top end of the second cylinder body and the side edge of the first cylinder body, and the second one-way pressure release valve is arranged on the circulating pipe.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
According to the special grinding processing equipment for the crankshafts, a plurality of groups of three-jaw chucks are uniformly distributed on the top of a processing table in an annular array manner, a plurality of groups of crankshafts can be clamped and fixed in the processing process, the same-speed rotation of the plurality of groups of crankshafts is controlled by utilizing a driving mechanism consisting of a driving bin, a main gear, a driven gear, a mounting column and a driving motor, and the positions of a plurality of groups of cutting heads are synchronously adjusted by matching with a hydraulic cylinder and a position adjusting mechanism consisting of an adjusting bin, a turntable, a plane thread, a mounting block, a mounting bin, a rotating shaft, a worm gear, a worm and a rotating motor, so that the device can synchronously perform turning at multiple stations in the processing process, the processing speed is improved, and the labor and the production cost are reduced;
The outer side of the processing table is rotatably provided with the toothed ring meshed with the driven gear, and the toothed ring is matched with the outer protective shell, the groove, the air pump, the air duct and the spray head to form a cleaning mechanism, so that scraps produced by turning can be cleaned in the turning process of the device, and collected on the inner side edge of the protective shell, thereby facilitating the collection of the scraps and improving the functionality of the device;
Through the centering strengthening mechanism that first cylinder body, first piston, installation pole, top, second cylinder body, second piston, push rod, fluid-discharge tube, first one-way relief valve, circulating pipe, second one-way relief valve are constituteed, can be before the control cutting head moves down the turning, automatic centering strengthening is carried out on the top of bent axle, can improve the stability of bent axle and the precision of processing, in addition after processing is accomplished, along with the upward movement of mounting disc, but automatic release locking state, the practicality is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a special grinding apparatus for crankshafts in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a preferred embodiment of a special grinding apparatus for crankshafts in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial view of the top of a portal in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention for a grinding apparatus for crankshafts;
FIG. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of the interior of a processing station of a preferred embodiment of a grinding apparatus for crankshafts in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the interior of a processing station of a preferred embodiment of a special grinding apparatus for crankshafts in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view showing a bottom construction of a toothed ring of a preferred embodiment of a grinding apparatus for a crankshaft in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front cross-sectional view of the interior of a post of a preferred embodiment of a special grinding apparatus for crankshafts in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a centering reinforcement mechanism of a preferred embodiment of a special grinding machine for crankshafts according to the invention.
In the figure, 1, a base, 2, a processing table, 3, a three-jaw chuck;
4. The device comprises a driving mechanism, a driving bin, a 402, a main gear, a 403, a driven gear, a 404, a mounting column, a 405 and a driving motor;
5. A shield;
6. cleaning mechanism, 601, toothed ring, 602, outer protective shell, 603, groove, 604, air pump, 605, air duct, 606, nozzle;
7. a door frame; 8, a hydraulic cylinder, 9, a mounting disc, 10, a strut, 11 and a cutting head;
12. Position adjusting mechanism 1201, adjusting bin 1202, turntable 1203, plane screw thread 1204, mounting block 1205, mounting bin 1206, rotating shaft 1207, worm wheel 1208, worm 1209, rotating motor;
13. The centering reinforcement mechanism comprises a centering reinforcement mechanism 1301, a first cylinder body, a 1302, a first piston, a 1303, a mounting rod, a 1304, a center, a 1305, a second cylinder body, a 1306, a second piston, a 1307, a push rod, a 1308, a liquid discharge pipe, a 1309, a first one-way pressure relief valve, a 1310, a circulating pipe, a 1311 and a second one-way pressure relief valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clear and clear to those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the embodiment provides a special grinding processing device for a crankshaft, which comprises a base 1, wherein a processing table 2 is arranged in the middle of the top of the base 1, three-jaw chucks 3 are uniformly arranged on the top of the processing table 2 in an annular array, and a driving mechanism 4 for controlling the three-jaw chucks 3 to synchronously rotate is arranged between the inside of the base 1 and the processing table 2;
the top of the base 1 is provided with a shield 5 positioned outside the processing table 2, and the top of the base 1 is provided with a cleaning mechanism 6 for cleaning scraps on the surface of the processing table 2;
A portal frame 7 is fixed between two sides of the top of the base 1, a hydraulic cylinder 8 is vertically arranged at the middle position of the top of the portal frame 7, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 8 faces the base 1, a mounting plate 9 is horizontally arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 8, a support column 10 is fixed at the middle position of the bottom end of the mounting plate 9, cutting heads 11 are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the bottom end of the support column 10, and a position adjusting mechanism 12 for controlling the cutting heads 11 to synchronously stretch out and draw back is arranged in the support column 10;
the outer side at the top of the mounting plate 9 is uniformly provided with centering reinforcement mechanisms 13, and the centering reinforcement mechanisms 13 are respectively positioned right above the three-jaw chucks 3.
The general working principle is that before turning a crankshaft, a shaft rod is inserted into the three-jaw chuck 3, the crankshaft is initially fixed by the three-jaw chuck 3, then a hydraulic cylinder 8 is started to control the downward movement of a mounting disc 9, the centering reinforcement mechanism 13 is used for centering and reinforcing the crankshaft again, during turning, the driving mechanism 4 is used for controlling the rotation of the crankshafts on the multiple groups of three-jaw chucks 3, meanwhile, the hydraulic cylinder 8 is started again to control the downward movement of a cutting head 11, after the turning position is reached, the position adjusting mechanism 12 is used for controlling the horizontal expansion and contraction of the cutting head 11, the turning is performed on the crankshaft, in addition, during the turning, a cleaning mechanism 6 is started to blow out chips dropped to the top of a processing table 2, and the chips enter a region between the processing table 2 and a shield 5 for uniform storage.
In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 4 includes a driving bin 401, a main gear 402, a driven gear 403, a mounting column 404 and a driving motor 405, the driving bin 401 is opened in the interior of the processing table 2, the main gear 402 is rotatably mounted at the middle position of the bottom in the driving bin 401, an annular bearing seat is arranged in the inner bottom of the driving bin 401, the main gear 402 is rotatably connected with the bearing seat through a deep groove ball bearing, the driven gears 403 are evenly meshed with the outer side of the main gear 402, the number of the driven gears 403 is the same as that of the three-jaw chuck 3, the bottoms of the driven gears 403 are rotatably connected with the inner bottom of the driving bin 401 through a shaft rod, the bottom shaft rod of the driven gears 403 is fixed through a tapered roller bearing, the vertical bearing capacity is ensured, the top ends of the driven gears 403 are all fixed with the mounting column 404, the top end of the mounting column 404 extends to the top of the processing table 2, a sealing ring is arranged between the mounting column 404 and a through hole at the top of the processing table 2, a dust cover is additionally mounted on the outer side of the sealing ring, chips are prevented from entering the driving bin 401, the three-jaw chuck 3 is respectively mounted at the top end of the mounting column 404, the inner side of the mounting base 1 is provided with the driven motor 405, the output end of the driving motor 405 is connected with the main gear 402 through a tapered roller bearing, the shaft bearing 405 is fixed with the inner bottom of the driving motor 405, the vibration-damping cushion is connected with the vibration-absorbing device, and the vibration-absorbing device is connected with the vibration-absorbing base 1 through the vibration-absorbing base, and the vibration-absorbing device.
The local working principle is that when the rotation of the crankshafts on the three-jaw chuck 3 is controlled, the driving motor 405 is started to drive the main gear 402 to rotate, and the rotation of the main gear 402 simultaneously controls the rotation of a plurality of groups of driven gears 403, so that the rotation of the three-jaw chucks 3 and the crankshafts at the same speed is controlled.
In the present embodiment, the driven gears 403 are provided in four groups, and the pitch of adjacent driven gears 403 is the same, and the driven gears 403 are smaller than the radius of the main gear 402.
The partial working principle is that the number of the driven gears 403 is the same as that of the three-jaw chucks 3, and a plurality of groups of driven gears 403 are adopted to drive and control the three-jaw chucks 3, so that the turning speed is improved.
In this embodiment, clean-up mechanism 6 includes ring gear 601, outer shell 602, recess 603, air pump 604, air duct 605 and shower nozzle 606, the ring gear 601 cover is established in the outside of processing platform 2 and rotatory the top at recess 1, the ring gear 601 bottom is equipped with annular raceway, the thrust ball bearing is installed to base 1 top corresponding position, the raceway realizes low friction rotation with the bearing ball cooperation, one side of driven gear 403 all extends to the outside of processing platform 2, and the outside of driven gear 403 and the inboard meshing of ring gear 601, the outside cover of ring gear 601 is equipped with outer shell 602, the top fixed connection of outer shell 602 and base 1, the inner wall of outer shell 602 and the outside laminating of ring gear 601, recess 603 has been seted up along circumference to the bottom of ring gear 601, the top vertical air duct 605 that switches on with recess 603 inside, the top slope of air duct 605 is installed at the shower nozzle 606, and the bottom slope of shower nozzle 606 is towards the top of processing platform 2, shower nozzle 606 passes through universal joint and air duct 605 is connected, but manual inclination (adjusting range 0~ 45), adjustable inclination, through the inside air pump 604 of 1, the inside channel 604 is installed through the air pump 604, the inside diameter of air pump 1mm, the inside diameter of air pump is guaranteed to be equal to or more than or equal to 2mm, the inside diameter of die 1mm is guaranteed to be equal to the air pump 604, the inside diameter is equal to or more than 2mm, the air pump is guaranteed, the inside diameter is equal to the die 1, the air pump is equal to the diameter of the die 1, and is equal to the die-down, the die is adjustable, and can be used.
The local working principle is that in the process that the main gear 402 drives the plurality of groups of driven gears 403 to rotate, the driven gears 403 control the toothed ring 601 to rotate, the spray heads 606 at the top of the toothed ring 601 do circular motion around the processing table 2, meanwhile, high-pressure gas generated by the air pump 604 is injected into the grooves 603 and is discharged through the spray heads 606, and the spray heads 606 do circular motion and can blow out scraps on the surface of the processing table 2.
In this embodiment, the side of the shield 5 is provided with a cleaning opening, the cleaning opening is vertically inserted with a door plate, two sides of the door plate are provided with guide bars, and the side of the cleaning opening is provided with a guide groove.
And the local working principle is that under the condition that turning is finished or more scraps accumulate, the device is stopped, then the door plate is opened, scraps are scanned out from the clean opening, and scraps are uniformly treated.
In this embodiment, the position adjusting mechanism 12 includes an adjusting bin 1201, a turntable 1202, a planar thread 1203, a mounting block 1204 and a rotating assembly, the cross-section of the pillar 10 is in a convex shape, the bottom end of the pillar 10 is provided with the adjusting bin 1201, the turntable 1202 is rotatably mounted at the inner bottom of the adjusting bin 1201, the top of the turntable 1202 is provided with the planar thread 1203, the bottom end outside the pillar 10 is uniformly and slidingly provided with the mounting block 1204 along the circumferential direction, the mounting block 1204 is perpendicular to the tangential direction, the outer side of the pillar 10 is provided with 4T-shaped guide rails along the circumferential direction, the inner side of the mounting block 1204 is provided with a T-shaped chute to be matched with the guide rails, hard chromium plating on the surface of the guide rails improves the wear resistance, the bottom end of the mounting block 1204 is meshed with the planar thread 1203, the planar thread 1203 adopts a deflection gear design, a thread meshing gap (the gap is less than or equal to 0.05 mm), the cutting heads 11 are respectively mounted at the outer end of the mounting block 1204, and the top of the pillar 10 is provided with the rotating assembly for controlling the rotation of the turntable 1202.
The local working principle is that in the turning process, after the turning position is reached, the rotation of the turntable 1202 is controlled by utilizing the rotating component, and as the top of the turntable 1202 is meshed with the mounting blocks 1204 through the plane threads 1203, the rotation of the turntable 1202 simultaneously controls the plurality of groups of the mounting blocks 1204 to drive the horizontal expansion and contraction of the cutting head 11, the turning operation is completed, the translation length of the cutting head 11 is controlled according to the turning depth, and after the turning of the area is completed, the rotation of the turntable 1202 is reversely controlled, and the cutting head 11 is retracted.
In this embodiment, the rotating assembly includes a mounting cabin 1205, a rotating shaft 1206, a worm wheel 1207, a worm 1208 and a rotating motor 1209, the mounting cabin 1205 is arranged at the inner top of the supporting column 10, the rotating shaft 1206 is vertically installed in the mounting cabin 1205 in a rotating manner, the bottom end of the rotating shaft 1206 is fixedly connected with the middle position of the turntable 1202, the worm wheel 1207 is fixed at the top end of the rotating shaft 1206, the rotating motor 1209 is installed at the outer side of the supporting column 10, and the worm 1208 meshed with the worm wheel 1207 is installed at the output end of the rotating motor 1209.
In the local working principle, in the process of controlling the horizontal expansion and contraction of the cutting head 11, the rotating motor 1209 is started to control the worm 1208 to rotate, the worm 1208 drives the worm wheel 1207 to rotate, and further the rotating shaft 1206 controls the rotating disc 1202 to rotate, so that the stability of the expansion and contraction position of the cutting head 11 can be ensured due to the self-locking characteristic between the worm wheel 1207 and the worm 1208, and the turning precision is improved.
In the embodiment, a sliding rod is uniformly and vertically fixed on the top of the mounting plate 9, and the sliding rod is in sliding connection with the portal frame 7.
The use of the sliding rod can ensure the stability of the mounting plate 9 when the mounting plate is vertically moved downwards, and can avoid the mounting plate 9 from horizontally rotating.
In this embodiment, the centering reinforcement mechanism 13 includes a first cylinder 1301, a first piston 1302, a mounting rod 1303, a center 1304, a first one-way pressure release valve 1309 and a backflow component, the first cylinder 1301 is uniformly and vertically disposed on the mounting disc 9, hydraulic oil is filled in the first cylinder 1301, no. 46 antiwear hydraulic oil is selected for the hydraulic oil, the first piston 1302 is vertically slidably disposed in the first cylinder 1301, polytetrafluoroethylene seal is adopted between the first piston 1302 and the cylinder, the bottom end of the first piston 1302 is fixedly provided with the mounting rod 1303, the bottom end of the mounting rod 1303 is provided with the center 1304, the center 1304 and the three-jaw chuck 3 are coaxial, the top of the first cylinder 1301 is provided with the first one-way pressure release valve 1309, the top of the mounting disc 9 is provided with a backflow component for collecting and circulating the hydraulic oil, and the opening pressure of the first one-way pressure release valve 1309 is set to be 0.8MPa (calculated according to the maximum processing diameter and cutting force of the crankshaft), so as to ensure that the axial pressure exerted by the center 1304 is not less than 50N.
When the hydraulic cylinder 8 drives the mounting disc 9 to move downwards, the first cylinder 1301 is driven to move downwards, the center 1304 is inserted into a taper hole at the top end of the crankshaft, the top end of the crankshaft is extruded, positioned and corrected, the cutting head 11 is positioned above the crankshaft, the hydraulic cylinder 8 continues to drive the mounting disc 9 to move downwards during machining, the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 8 is increased, after the pressure is larger than the set pressure of the first one-way pressure relief valve 1309, hydraulic oil in the first cylinder 1301 is extruded into a backflow assembly for storage and subsequent backflow injection, and the hydraulic oil can be extruded only after the set pressure is larger than the set pressure due to the fact that the pressure of the first one-way pressure relief valve 1309 is constant, so that the positioning effect of the crankshaft can be guaranteed, and in the turning process, the hydraulic oil is turned gradually from top to bottom.
In this embodiment, the backflow component includes a second cylinder 1305, a second piston 1306, a push rod 1307, a drain pipe 1308, a circulation pipe 1310 and a second one-way pressure release valve 1311, the second cylinder 1305 is uniformly disposed at the top of the portal 7, the number of the second cylinders 1305 is the same as that of the first cylinders 1301, the volume ratio of the first cylinders 1301 to the second cylinders 1305 is 1:1.2, the stroke of the second piston 1306 is greater than the maximum stroke of the first piston 1302 by 5mm, the hydraulic oil is prevented from overflowing, the second piston 1306 is slidably disposed in the second cylinder 1305, the push rod 1307 is vertically fixed at the middle position of the bottom end of the second piston 1306, the push rod 1307 penetrates through the portal 7 and is slidably connected with the portal 7, the bottom end of the push rod 1307 is attached to the top of the mounting disc 9, the drain pipe 1308 is disposed between the top end of the second cylinder and the first one-way pressure release valve 1309, the circulation pipe 1310 is disposed between the top end of the second cylinder 1305 and the side of the first cylinder 1301, and the second one-way pressure release valve 1311 is disposed on the circulation pipe 1310.
The local working principle is that before turning, the bottom end of a push rod 1307 is attached to the top of a mounting disc 9, in the turning process, the push rod 1307 is separated from the mounting disc 9, hydraulic oil extruded by a first cylinder 1301 enters the second cylinder 1305, the second piston 1306 and the push rod 1307 are controlled to move downwards, after the turning of a crankshaft is completed from top to bottom, the hydraulic cylinder 8 drives the mounting disc 9 to reset, in the resetting process of the mounting disc 9, the push rod 1307 is extruded upwards, the push rod 1307 pushes the second piston 1306 to slide in the second cylinder 1305, and the hydraulic oil flows back to the inside of the first cylinder 1301 again through a circulating pipe 1310, so that secondary turning is performed.
The above description is merely a further embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will be able to apply equivalents and modifications according to the technical solution and the concept of the present invention within the scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种曲轴专用磨削加工设备,包括底座,其特征在于:底座顶部的中间位置处设有加工台,加工台的顶部呈环形阵列均匀设置有三爪卡盘,底座的内部与加工台之间设有控制三爪卡盘同步转动的驱动机构;1. A crankshaft grinding equipment, comprising a base, characterized in that: a processing table is provided at the middle position of the top of the base, and three-jaw chucks are evenly arranged in a circular array on the top of the processing table, and a drive mechanism for controlling the synchronous rotation of the three-jaw chucks is provided between the interior of the base and the processing table; 底座的顶部并位于加工台的外侧设有护罩,底座的顶部设有对加工台表面碎屑清除的清理机构;The top of the base and the outside of the processing table are provided with a protective cover, and the top of the base is provided with a cleaning mechanism for removing debris from the surface of the processing table. 底座顶部的两侧之间固定有门架,门架顶部的中间位置处竖直安装有液压缸,液压缸的输出端朝向底座,液压缸的输出端水平安装有安装盘,安装盘底端的中间位置处固定有支柱,支柱底端的外侧均匀设有切削头,支柱的内部设有控制切削头同步伸缩的位置调节机构;A gantry is fixed between the two sides of the top of the base. A hydraulic cylinder is vertically installed in the middle of the top of the gantry. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder faces the base. An installation plate is horizontally installed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder. A support column is fixed in the middle of the bottom of the installation plate. Cutting heads are evenly arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the support column. The inside of the support column is equipped with a position adjustment mechanism to control the synchronous extension and retraction of the cutting heads. 安装盘顶部的外侧均匀设置有定心加固机构,且定心加固机构分别位于三爪卡盘的正上方;Centering and reinforcing mechanisms are evenly distributed on the outer side of the top of the mounting plate, and the centering and reinforcing mechanisms are located directly above the three-jaw chuck. 驱动机构包括驱动仓、主齿轮、从动齿轮、安装柱和驱动电机;The drive mechanism includes a drive housing, a main gear, a driven gear, a mounting column, and a drive motor; 清理机构包括齿环、外护壳、凹槽、气泵、导气管和喷头;The cleaning mechanism includes a toothed ring, outer casing, groove, air pump, air duct, and nozzle; 在控制三爪卡盘上的曲轴旋转时,启动驱动电机带动主齿轮进行旋转,主齿轮的转动同时控制多组从动齿轮旋转,进而控制多组三爪卡盘以及曲轴同速转动;When controlling the crankshaft rotation on the three-jaw chuck, the drive motor is started to drive the main gear to rotate. The rotation of the main gear simultaneously controls the rotation of multiple driven gears, thereby controlling multiple sets of three-jaw chucks and the crankshaft to rotate at the same speed. 在主齿轮带动多组从动齿轮旋转的过程中,从动齿轮会控制齿环转动,齿环顶部的喷头会环绕加工台做圆周运动,同时,气泵产生的高压气体注入到凹槽的内部,并通过喷头排出,喷头在做圆周运动的同时,可将加工台表面的碎屑向外吹落;As the main gear drives multiple driven gears to rotate, the driven gears control the rotation of the gear ring. The nozzle on the top of the gear ring will make a circular motion around the processing table. At the same time, the high-pressure gas generated by the air pump is injected into the interior of the groove and discharged through the nozzle. While the nozzle is making a circular motion, it can blow the debris on the surface of the processing table outward. 驱动仓开设在加工台的内部,驱动仓内底部的中间位置处转动安装有主齿轮,主齿轮的外侧均匀啮合有从动齿轮,从动齿轮的数量与三爪卡盘相同,且从动齿轮的底部通过轴杆与驱动仓的内底部转动连接,从动齿轮的顶端皆固定有安装柱,且安装柱的顶端延伸至加工台的顶部,三爪卡盘分别安装在安装柱的顶端,底座的内部安装有驱动电机,驱动电机的输出端与主齿轮连接;The drive chamber is located inside the processing table. A main gear is rotatably mounted at the center of the bottom of the drive chamber. Driven gears are evenly meshed on the outer side of the main gear. The number of driven gears is the same as that of the three-jaw chuck. The bottom of the driven gears is rotatably connected to the bottom of the drive chamber through a shaft. The top of each driven gear is fixed with a mounting post, and the top of the mounting post extends to the top of the processing table. The three-jaw chucks are respectively mounted on the top of the mounting post. The drive motor is installed inside the base, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the main gear. 齿环套设在加工台的外侧并旋转安装在底座的顶部,从动齿轮的一侧皆延伸至加工台的外部,且从动齿轮的外侧与齿环的内侧啮合,齿环的外侧套设有外护壳,外护壳与底座的顶部固定连接,外护壳的内壁与齿环的外侧贴合,齿环的底部沿周向开设有凹槽,齿环的顶部竖直安装有与凹槽内部导通的导气管,导气管的顶部倾斜安装有喷头,且喷头的底端倾斜朝向加工台的顶部,底座的内部安装有气泵,气泵的输出端通过管道与凹槽的内部导通;The gear ring is fitted on the outside of the processing table and rotatably mounted on the top of the base. One side of the driven gear extends to the outside of the processing table, and the outside of the driven gear meshes with the inside of the gear ring. An outer protective shell is fitted on the outside of the gear ring, and the outer protective shell is fixedly connected to the top of the base. The inner wall of the outer protective shell fits against the outside of the gear ring. A groove is opened circumferentially at the bottom of the gear ring. An air guide pipe that communicates with the inside of the groove is vertically installed on the top of the gear ring. A nozzle is installed at an angle on the top of the air guide pipe, and the bottom end of the nozzle is angled towards the top of the processing table. An air pump is installed inside the base, and the output end of the air pump is connected to the inside of the groove through a pipe. 定心加固机构包括第一缸体、第一活塞、安装杆、顶尖、第一单向泄压阀和回流组件,第一缸体均匀竖直设置在安装盘上,第一缸体的内部填充有液压油,第一缸体的内部皆竖直滑动设置有第一活塞,第一活塞的底端皆固定有安装杆,安装杆的底端皆安装有顶尖,顶尖与三爪卡盘同轴心,第一缸体的顶部设有第一单向泄压阀,安装盘的顶部设有将液压油收集以及循环的回流组件;The centering and reinforcement mechanism includes a first cylinder, a first piston, a mounting rod, a center, a first one-way pressure relief valve, and a return assembly. The first cylinder is evenly and vertically arranged on the mounting plate. The inside of the first cylinder is filled with hydraulic oil. The first piston is vertically and slidingly arranged inside the first cylinder. The bottom end of the first piston is fixed with a mounting rod. The bottom end of the mounting rod is equipped with a center. The center is coaxial with the three-jaw chuck. The top of the first cylinder is equipped with a first one-way pressure relief valve. The top of the mounting plate is equipped with a return assembly for collecting and circulating hydraulic oil. 回流组件包括第二缸体、第二活塞、推杆、排液管、循环管和第二单向泄压阀,第二缸体均匀设置在门架的顶部,第二缸体的数量与第一缸体的数量相同,第二缸体的内部皆滑动设置有第二活塞,第二活塞底端的中间位置处皆竖直固定有推杆,推杆贯穿门架并与门架之间滑动连接,推杆的底端与安装盘的顶部贴合,第二缸体的顶端与第一单向泄压阀之间设有排液管,第二缸体的顶端与第一缸体的侧边之间设有循环管,循环管上设有第二单向泄压阀。The reflux assembly includes a second cylinder, a second piston, a push rod, a drain pipe, a circulation pipe, and a second one-way pressure relief valve. The second cylinders are evenly arranged on the top of the gantry, and the number of second cylinders is the same as the number of first cylinders. A second piston is slidably arranged inside each second cylinder. A push rod is vertically fixed at the middle position of the bottom end of each second piston. The push rod passes through the gantry and is slidably connected to the gantry. The bottom end of the push rod is in contact with the top of the mounting plate. A drain pipe is provided between the top of the second cylinder and the first one-way pressure relief valve. A circulation pipe is provided between the top of the second cylinder and the side of the first cylinder. A second one-way pressure relief valve is provided on the circulation pipe. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种曲轴专用磨削加工设备,其特征在于:从动齿轮设置有四组,且相邻从动齿轮的间距相同,从动齿轮小于主齿轮的半径。2. The crankshaft-specific grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: four sets of driven gears are provided, and the spacing between adjacent driven gears is the same, and the radius of the driven gear is smaller than that of the main gear. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种曲轴专用磨削加工设备,其特征在于:护罩的侧边开设有清洁口,且清洁口处竖直插接有门板,门板的两侧设有导条,清洁口的侧边开设有导槽。3. The crankshaft grinding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: a cleaning port is provided on the side of the protective cover, and a door panel is vertically inserted into the cleaning port, guide strips are provided on both sides of the door panel, and a guide groove is provided on the side of the cleaning port. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种曲轴专用磨削加工设备,其特征在于:位置调节机构包括调节仓、转盘、平面螺纹、安装块和旋转组件,支柱的剖面图形状呈凸字形,支柱的底端开设有调节仓,调节仓的内底部转动安装有转盘,转盘的顶部设有平面螺纹,支柱外侧的底端沿周向均匀滑动设置有安装块,安装块垂直于切面方向,安装块的底端与平面螺纹啮合,切削头分别安装在安装块的外端部,支柱的顶部设有控制转盘转动的旋转组件。4. A crankshaft-specific grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the position adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment chamber, a turntable, a planar thread, a mounting block, and a rotating assembly; the cross-sectional shape of the support column is convex; the bottom end of the support column has an adjustment chamber; the inner bottom of the adjustment chamber has a turntable rotatably mounted; the top of the turntable has a planar thread; the bottom end of the outer side of the support column has a mounting block that slides evenly in the circumferential direction; the mounting block is perpendicular to the cutting direction; the bottom end of the mounting block engages with the planar thread; the cutting heads are respectively mounted on the outer ends of the mounting blocks; and the top of the support column has a rotating assembly for controlling the rotation of the turntable. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种曲轴专用磨削加工设备,其特征在于:旋转组件包括安装仓、转轴、蜗轮、蜗杆和旋转电机,安装仓开设在支柱的内顶部,安装仓的内部竖直转动安装有转轴,转轴的底端与转盘的中间位置处固定连接,转轴的顶端固定有蜗轮,支柱的外侧安装有旋转电机,旋转电机的输出端安装有与蜗轮啮合的蜗杆。5. A crankshaft-specific grinding equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: the rotating assembly includes a mounting chamber, a rotating shaft, a worm gear, a worm, and a rotary motor; the mounting chamber is located at the inner top of the support column; the rotating shaft is vertically and rotatably mounted inside the mounting chamber; the bottom end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the middle position of the turntable; the top end of the rotating shaft is fixedly mounted with a worm gear; the rotary motor is mounted on the outer side of the support column; and a worm gear meshing with the worm gear is mounted at the output end of the rotary motor. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种曲轴专用磨削加工设备,其特征在于:安装盘的顶部均匀竖直固定有滑竿,滑竿与门架之间滑动连接。6. The crankshaft grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: a sliding rod is uniformly and vertically fixed on the top of the mounting plate, and the sliding rod is slidably connected to the gantry.
CN202511405813.3A 2025-09-29 2025-09-29 A special grinding equipment for crankshafts Active CN120861859B (en)

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