CN120808522A - Extremely early fire hidden danger early warning system based on multispectral detection - Google Patents
Extremely early fire hidden danger early warning system based on multispectral detectionInfo
- Publication number
- CN120808522A CN120808522A CN202511312635.XA CN202511312635A CN120808522A CN 120808522 A CN120808522 A CN 120808522A CN 202511312635 A CN202511312635 A CN 202511312635A CN 120808522 A CN120808522 A CN 120808522A
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- detection
- air
- detection chamber
- concentration
- infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
- G08B21/182—Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold
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- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an extremely early fire hazard early warning system based on multispectral detection, which comprises a box body, a blower, an air booster pump, a thermal loss particle detection module and an exhaust module, wherein the thermal loss particle detection module comprises an infrared light source, a detection chamber and a photodiode, an air outlet of the detection chamber is connected with an air inlet of the exhaust module, an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust module, an air pressure sensor is arranged on the detection chamber, the air inlet of the detection chamber is connected with an air outlet of the air booster pump, the infrared light source is arranged on the detection chamber so as to distribute infrared light in an inner cavity of the detection chamber, and the photodiode is arranged on the detection chamber so as to measure the concentration of the thermal loss particles in the detection chamber after the air pressure in the detection chamber reaches a set value. The invention improves the concentration of the heat loss particles in the detection chamber, combines multispectral detection to improve the reliability of the detection result, can timely detect the abnormal concentration of the heat loss particles, can perform fire early warning in extremely early stage, and reduces the risk of comprehensive disasters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fire monitoring facilities, and particularly relates to an extremely early fire hidden danger early warning system based on multispectral detection.
Background
A cloud chamber is a device for observing the motion trail of charged particles by utilizing the ion condensation phenomenon in supersaturated steam. The core principle is that when high-energy particles (such as alpha and beta particles) pass through a closed container filled with alcohol or diethyl ether saturated steam, ions are generated on a path, become the core of steam condensation, form tiny liquid drops and show visible vaporous tracks under illumination. By analyzing the length, density and degree of bending in the magnetic field of the track, the nature, kind and concentration of the particles can be deduced.
Modern cloud chamber technology such as thermal overload detectors have applications in fire detection in 1) active sampling and analysis by collecting air samples and filtering them before sending them into the cloud chamber, analyzing the change in concentration of thermal particles and early warning in the physical combustion stage. 2) Electron escape detection , namely detecting charged particles released before the combustible is heated and carbonized, and realizing accurate alarm by combining circuit signal processing.
However, the cloud chamber detection technology greatly depends on vapor in the cloud chamber, so that the problem of inaccurate quantification exists in detecting the concentration of heat loss particles in a fire disaster, namely, when the ion concentration is estimated through the density of liquid drops, the ion concentration is influenced by factors such as the supersaturation degree of the vapor, the temperature, the pressure and the like, the fluctuation of a detection result is obvious, the reliability is reduced, the occurrence of the fire disaster cannot be accurately judged, and particularly, the fire disaster hidden danger is difficult to accurately early warn when the hidden danger of the fire disaster is detected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides an extremely early fire hazard early warning system based on multispectral detection, which detects the concentration of heat loss particles by arranging a detection chamber for infrared light and a photodiode in the detection chamber, has accurate and convenient detection and high precision, and solves the problem that the traditional cloud chamber detection excessively depends on internal steam.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided an early fire hazard warning system based on multispectral detection, comprising a box, and a blower, an air booster pump, a thermal loss particle detection module and an exhaust module which are installed in the box, wherein:
the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged on the box body, and the air inlet of the air blower is arranged corresponding to the air inlet of the box body so as to suck the air outside the box body into the box body;
The thermal loss particle detection module comprises an infrared light source, a detection chamber and a photodiode, wherein an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the detection chamber, the air outlet of the detection chamber is connected with the air inlet of the exhaust module, an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust module, and the air inlet of the detection chamber is connected with the air outlet of the air booster pump so as to enable the air pressure of the inner cavity of the detection chamber to reach a set value through the pressurization of the air booster pump;
The infrared light source can emit infrared light with N wavelengths, the number of the photodiodes is N, and each photodiode is used for detecting the concentration of heat loss particles in an infrared light environment with one wavelength, wherein N is more than or equal to 2.
Preferably, n=2, two paths of optical paths are used for detecting two paths of independent optical paths to obtain the concentration of the heat loss particles, the infrared light source comprises two lasers, namely a laser a and a laser B, and the two photodiodes are used for detecting infrared light with working wavelengths of the laser a and the laser B.
Preferably, the two photodiodes respectively adopt a silicon photodiode and an InGaAs diode, wherein the silicon photodiode detects infrared light with 960nm wavelength emitted by an infrared light source, and the InGaAs diode detects infrared light with 1550nm wavelength emitted by the infrared light source.
Preferably, one of the detection light paths is based on a scattering principle, the concentration of the heat loss particles is determined by detecting the scattered light intensity caused by the heat loss particles, the stronger the scattered light is, the higher the concentration of the heat loss particles, and the other detection light path is based on a transmission principle, the concentration of the heat loss particles is determined by detecting the transmitted light intensity which passes through the heat loss particles and linearly propagates, and the stronger the transmitted light is, the lower the concentration of the heat loss particles is.
Preferably, an air valve for preventing the reverse flow of the air is arranged at the air inlet of the air booster pump.
Preferably, after the air pressure in the detection chamber reaches 0.1-0.15 MPa, the photodiode measures the concentration of the heat loss particles in the detection chamber.
Preferably, the detection chamber is provided with a gas pressure sensor for obtaining the gas pressure of the inner cavity of the detection chamber.
Preferably, the photodiode is mounted on the detection chamber and protrudes into the detection chamber to measure the concentration of thermal particles inside the detection chamber after the air pressure in the detection chamber reaches a set value.
Preferably, the air inlet of the blower is connected with the air inlet of the box body through a pipeline, and an air quantity detection module is arranged at the air inlet of the box body and used for detecting whether the air quantity is normal or not.
Preferably, an alarm is further included to perform an alarm process when the heat loss particle concentration reaches a set value and/or the heat loss particle concentration rises above a preset threshold.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, compared with the prior art, enable the following beneficial effects to be obtained:
1) According to the early fire hazard early warning system based on multispectral detection, wind is pumped into the detection cavity of the thermal particle detection module through the blower and the air booster pump, the concentration of thermal particles in the detection cavity is improved, the reliability of a detection result is improved by combining multispectral detection, the abnormal concentration of the thermal particles can be timely detected, fire early warning can be carried out in the early stage, electric fire spreading is avoided, and comprehensive disaster risks are reduced.
2) According to the early fire hazard early warning system based on multispectral detection, the air blower and the air booster pump enable external air to enter the device, and air can be pumped into the detection chamber to enable the air pressure in the inner cavity of the detection chamber to reach a set value, so that the air in the detection chamber is ensured to be enough, the concentration of heat loss particles in the detection chamber can also reach a certain value, and the accuracy of detecting the concentration of the heat loss particles is ensured.
3) According to the preferred scheme, multispectral scattering-transmission fusion detection is combined, high-precision detection with a wide linear range is obtained, and extremely early accurate fire early warning is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal particulate detection module according to the present invention based on the scattering principle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a thermal particulate detection module according to the present invention based on the transmission principle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a thermal particulate detection module based on scatter-transmission fusion detection in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Referring to fig. 1-5, an early fire hazard early warning system based on multispectral detection comprises a box body 5, and a blower 1, an air booster pump 2, a thermal waste particle detection module 3 and an exhaust module 4 which are arranged in the box body 5.
The box body 5 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet of the air blower 1 is arranged corresponding to the air inlet of the box body 5 so as to suck the air outside the box body 5 into the box body 5, and the air blower 1 sucks the air outside the box body 5 into the box body 5. Because the air draft of the blower 1 is relatively large, the blower 1 and the air booster pump 2 are not directly connected together through a pipeline, namely, the blower 1 and the air booster pump 2 are separated, and the air sucked into the box body 5 by the blower 1 is not directly introduced into the air booster pump 2, but is discharged from the air outlet of the box body 5 in a large part, so that the air compressed by the air booster pump 2 is only a small part of the air sucked into the box body 5 by the blower 1, and the air sucked into the thermal particle detection module 3 is only a small part of the air sucked into the box body 5 by the blower 1.
The thermal waste particle detection module 3 comprises an infrared light source 31, a detection chamber 32 and a photodiode 33, wherein an air outlet of the detection chamber 32 is preferably connected with an air inlet of the exhaust module 4 through a pipeline, an air pressure sensor is installed on the detection chamber 32 and used for obtaining air pressure of an inner cavity of the detection chamber 32, an exhaust valve is installed on the exhaust module 4, and the air inlet of the detection chamber 32 is connected with an air outlet of the air booster pump 2 through a pipeline, so that the air booster pump 2 pumps air into the detection chamber 32 to enable the air pressure of the inner cavity of the detection chamber 32 to reach a set value, and the infrared light source 31 is installed on the detection chamber 32 and used for emitting infrared light 34 into the detection chamber 32.
The photodiode 33 is mounted on the detection chamber 32 and extends into the detection chamber 32, so that light energy loss is reduced, detection sensitivity is improved, infrared light in the detection chamber 32 can be irradiated on the photodiode 33, after the air pressure in the detection chamber 32 reaches a set value, the photodiode 33 measures the concentration of thermal particles in the detection chamber 32, the photodiode 33 is connected with a controller, data detected by the photodiode 33 are analyzed and processed through the controller, and when the concentration of the thermal particles reaches the set value and/or the rising speed of the concentration of the thermal particles exceeds a preset threshold value, alarm processing is performed.
The photodiode 33 detects the concentration of thermal particles in an infrared light environment so that the concentration of thermal particles detected by the photodiode 33 is accurate. Without infrared light, the photodiode 33 does not detect thermal particles. And when the rising speed of the concentration of the heat loss particles exceeds a preset threshold value, carrying out alarm processing.
After the detection by the photodiode 33, the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the gas in the detection chamber 32.
Further, the infrared light source 31 may emit infrared light with N wavelengths, and accordingly, the number of the photodiodes 33 is N, so that a multispectral infrared environment may be formed to allow the photodiodes 33 to detect, and the concentration of the thermal particles is determined by combining the infrared bands with N different wavelengths, where N is greater than or equal to 2. Each of the photodiodes 33 detects in an infrared light environment of one wavelength, respectively. And multi-path independent light path detection is carried out by adopting multiple spectrums, so that the concentration of the heat loss particles is obtained, and the reliability of a detection result is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, taking n=2 as an example, two paths of optical spectrums are adopted to perform two paths of independent optical path detection, so as to obtain the concentration of the thermal particles, the infrared light source 31 comprises two lasers, namely a laser a and a laser B, and the two photodiodes 33 detect the infrared light of the working wavelengths of the laser a and the laser B.
The specific preferred scheme is that one detection light path is based on a scattering principle, the concentration of the heat loss particles is determined by detecting the scattered light intensity caused by the heat loss particles, the stronger the scattered light is, the higher the concentration of the heat loss particles is, and the other detection light path is based on a transmission principle, the concentration of the heat loss particles is determined by detecting the transmitted light intensity which passes through the heat loss particles and linearly propagates, and the stronger the transmitted light is, the lower the concentration of the heat loss particles is. The detection of the heat loss particles based on the scattering principle has sensitive performance, but the linear detection range is difficult to cover the condition of higher concentration of the heat loss particles, so that the result of the pressurization detection is inaccurate, the fire hazard early warning can not be accurately realized, the detection of the heat loss particles based on the transmission principle covers high concentration heat loss particles, the maximum concentration of the heat loss particles reaches 300mg/m < 3 >, however, the measurement precision is limited at low concentration, and the extremely early warning of the fire hazard can not be realized. The early-stage fire hazard early warning system based on multispectral detection provided by the invention is based on multispectral scattering-transmission fusion detection, the linear range covers 0.01-300mg/m < 3 >, the wide linear range high-precision detection of the heat loss particles is realized, the detection limit of the heat loss particles is reduced on one hand, the early-stage fire hazard early warning system is suitable for high-concentration detection on the other hand, and is matched with supercharging detection to perform high-precision detection of the ultra-low concentration heat loss particles, the data reliability is improved, and the early-stage accurate fire hazard early warning is realized.
The infrared light source 31 is orthogonal to the main optical axis of the photodiode 33 based on the scattering principle, as shown in fig. 3, and the infrared light source 31 is coaxially arranged with the photodiode 33 based on the transmission principle, as shown in fig. 4. The detection light path based on the scattering-transmission fusion detection in the preferred embodiment at least comprises two independent light paths, as shown in fig. 5, the infrared light source 31 emits infrared light with two wavelengths, such as 960nm infrared light and 1550nm infrared light, the orthogonally arranged photodiodes 33 detect the intensity of one of the infrared light, the detection based on the scattering principle is performed, and the coaxially arranged photodiodes 33 detect the intensity of the other infrared light, and the detection based on the transmission principle is performed.
The photodiode 33 may be a silicon photodiode and an ingaas diode, and the silicon photodiode preferably has an optimal operation state in an infrared environment with an infrared wavelength of 960nm, and the ingaas diode preferably has an optimal operation state in an infrared environment with an infrared wavelength of 1550 nm.
If the infrared light source 31 emits infrared light of 960nm wavelength and spreads over the entire detection chamber 32, a photodiode 33 operating at 960nm may be used accordingly to detect the thermal particle concentration. If the infrared light source 31 emits infrared light of 1550nm wavelength to spread over the entire detection chamber 32, a photodiode 33 operating at 1550nm may be used to detect the thermal particle concentration.
In an infrared environment with the wavelength of 960nm or 1550nm, the photodiode 33 with the working wavelength of 960nm or 1550nm can respectively detect the concentration data of the thermal particles, the sent data are analog signals, the analog signals are converted into digital signals through the AD module, and the digital signals are recognized by the controller, so that the concentration data of the thermal particles are obtained.
The photodiode 33 of the present invention is preferably a silicon photodiode of model S2386-44K manufactured by Hamamatsu (Hamamatsu), which has an optimum operating wavelength of 960nm (i.e., an optimum operating state in an infrared environment of 960nm in infrared light), corresponding to the infrared light source 31 emitting infrared light of 960nm wavelength for detecting the concentration of thermal particles in the detection chamber 32 filled with infrared light of 960nm wavelength, while the photodiode 33 is preferably an indium gallium arsenic photodiode of model G8370-83 manufactured by Hamamatsu (Hamamatsu), which has an optimum operating wavelength of 1550nm (i.e., an optimum operating state in an infrared environment of 1550nm in infrared light), corresponding to the infrared light source 31 emitting infrared light of 1550nm wavelength for detecting the concentration of thermal particles in the detection chamber 32 filled with infrared light of 1550nm wavelength.
The two photodiodes 33 are a silicon photodiode a and an indium gallium arsenic photodiode B, respectively, the operating wavelength of the silicon photodiode a being 960nm, and the operating wavelength of the indium gallium arsenic photodiode B being 1550nm. The laser A emits infrared light with the wavelength of 960nm, and the silicon photodiode A can detect the concentration of thermal loss particles in the environment that the detection chamber is fully covered with infrared light with the wavelength of 960 nm. The laser B emits infrared light with the wavelength of 1550nm, and the InGaAs photodiode B can detect the concentration of thermal loss particles in the environment that the detection chamber is fully covered with infrared light with the wavelength of 1550nm.
The specific workflow of the laser a, the laser B, the silicon photodiode a and the indium gallium arsenide photodiode B is as follows:
The laser A and the silicon photodiode A are one group of detection units, the laser B and the InGaAs photodiode B are the other group of detection units, the two groups of detection units respectively and independently work, the air booster pump is used for exhausting, after the pressure of the detection cavity reaches a set value, the first laser A emits 960nm spectrum, the silicon photodiode A detects the concentration of heat loss particles, the second laser B emits 1550nm spectrum, and the InGaAs photodiode B detects the concentration of heat loss particles. The two groups of detection units respectively detect the concentration of the heat loss particles in the detection chamber once. And the software algorithm performs weighted analysis and correction according to the two detection results to obtain the accurate concentration so as to judge.
Further, an air valve 21 for preventing the air from flowing backward is installed at the air inlet of the air booster pump 2, and the air valve 21 may be a check valve, a one-way valve or a check valve, so as to prevent the air from flowing backward from the air booster pump 2 when the air booster pump 2 is operated. The air valve 21 is closed when the air booster pump 2 compresses air, prevents reverse flow of air, and is opened when the air booster pump 2 intakes air.
The box body 5 is also internally provided with a plurality of sheet metal parts 9 for fixing components such as the thermal particle detection module 3, the exhaust module 4, the air valve 21 and the like.
Further, after the air pressure in the detection chamber 32 reaches 0.1mpa to 0.15mpa, preferably greater than 1 standard air pressure, the photodiode 33 measures the concentration of the thermal particles in the detection chamber 32. When the air pressure in the detection chamber 32 is lower than 0.1MPa, it is indicated that there is an air leakage or air pipe breakage between the air booster pump 2 and the detection chamber 32, and when the air leakage or air pipe breakage occurs, it cannot be ensured that the air in the detection chamber is extracted from the target position through the pipeline, and the air is mixed into the environmental air at the current installation position of the host, thereby affecting the accuracy of the detection result.
Further, the air inlet of the blower 1 is connected with the air inlet of the box body 5 through a pipeline, an air quantity detection module is arranged at the air inlet of the box body 5 and used for detecting whether the air quantity is normal or not, whether the pipeline is blocked after long-time work can be detected, and when the detected air quantity is lower than a certain value, the machine gives an alarm.
Further, the photodiode 33 is connected to the display device 6 through a wire, so as to display the concentration of the thermal particles on the display device 6, so that the condition of the concentration of the thermal particles can be conveniently and intuitively known, and the display device 6 is provided with a 9-inch capacitive touch screen. The invention also includes an alarm to alert when the concentration of heat loss particles reaches a set point and/or the rate of rise of the concentration of heat loss particles exceeds a preset threshold.
Further, the air outlet of the exhaust module 4 is connected with the air inlet of the temperature and humidity detection module 7 through a pipeline, and is used for detecting the temperature and humidity of the gas and providing a reference for fire disaster early warning. The air outlet of the temperature and humidity detection module 7 is connected with the air inlet of the PM2.5 detection module 8 through a pipeline, and is used for detecting the PM2.5 value of the gas and providing a reference for fire early warning. The air outlet of the PM2.5 detection module 8 is connected to the air outlet of the box body 5 through an air pipe for exhausting. The temperature and humidity detection module and the PM2.5 detection module are respectively connected with the display device 6, and the temperature and humidity and PM2.5 can be displayed on the display device 6.
The working voltage of each electric device can be DC24V, and the working current is <2A.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the equipment is electrified, the blower 1 works, and air is pumped from the air inlet of the box body 5 through the pipeline. Air passes through the blower 1 and enters the box 5.
The air booster pump 2 compresses the air in the box 5 into the detection chamber 32 of the thermal particle detection module 3, the compression is stopped after the air pressure in the inner cavity of the detection chamber 32 reaches a certain value, then the photodiode 33 of the thermal particle detection module measures the concentration of the thermal particles in the compressed air in the detection chamber 32, the concentration is fed back to the display device 6 in real time for display, and an alarm prompt can be sent when the concentration reaches a certain value.
The exhaust valve of the exhaust module 4 is closed during the air compression of the air booster pump 2 and the detection of the thermal particle module to prevent air leakage, and the exhaust valve of the exhaust module 4 is opened after the detection of the thermal particle module is completed to exhaust the air in the detection chamber 32.
All signal input ends of the invention are arranged on the serial port module, and the whole machine is powered by the serial port module.
The invention can realize the whole machine 24h operation all day, all modules work when being electrified, and the core actions are mainly that the air compression pump compresses air, the heat loss particle module detects and exhausts, and the actions are repeated all the time.
The upper plate and the lower plate of the box body 5 are respectively reserved with outlets, and the actual installation is selected according to the requirements.
According to the embodiment, the steam cloud chamber is not used, but air is directly pumped for detection, interference due to steam state control is avoided, the stability and reliability of detection are improved, in order to compensate for sensitivity reduction caused by inapplicability of the steam cloud chamber, the concentration of heat loss particles in the cavity is improved by adopting a pressurizing strategy, a large enough detection range is covered by matching with multispectral detection, and early hidden danger early warning is realized.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN120808522B (en) | 2025-12-23 |
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