CN120770325B - Sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding device and method based on ecological cooperation - Google Patents

Sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding device and method based on ecological cooperation

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Publication number
CN120770325B
CN120770325B CN202511242034.6A CN202511242034A CN120770325B CN 120770325 B CN120770325 B CN 120770325B CN 202511242034 A CN202511242034 A CN 202511242034A CN 120770325 B CN120770325 B CN 120770325B
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China
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kelp
sea urchin
ecological
sea
area
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CN120770325A (en
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吕芳
詹冬梅
吴海一
刘晓慧
唐柳青
王雪妹
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Shandong Academy Of Marine Sciences Qingdao National Marine Science Research Center
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Shandong Academy Of Marine Sciences Qingdao National Marine Science Research Center
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/30Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological synergy-based sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding device and method, and belongs to the field of marine ecological breeding. The sea urchin environment monitoring system comprises a main body frame, a sea urchin culturing area, a substance exchange unit and an environment monitoring unit, wherein the main body frame is divided into the sea urchin culturing area at the upper part and the sea urchin culturing area at the lower part through a horizontal partition board, a plurality of rows of culturing seedling ropes are arranged at the top of the sea urchin culturing area and used for hanging and culturing sea urchins, a porous concrete fish reef is arranged at the bottom of the sea urchin culturing area, a cobble layer is paved at the bottom of the sea urchin culturing area and used for culturing sea urchins, the substance exchange unit comprises a plurality of communication channels which are formed in the middle of the horizontal partition board, and the environment monitoring unit comprises an integrated sensor group and a data transmission module. The invention can realize ecological synergy of sea urchin and sea belt with 'isolated protection-controllable ingestion-nutrient circulation'.

Description

Sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding device and method based on ecological cooperation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine ecological breeding, and particularly relates to an ecological breeding device and method for sea urchins and kelp based on ecological cooperation.
Background
Sea urchins and kelp are used as key organisms in a marine ecological system, natural ecological interaction relation exists, namely, kelp fixes carbon and absorbs nutrient substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus through photosynthesis, natural high-quality feed is provided for sea urchins, and sea urchin excreta can be converted into nutrients required by growth of the kelp after being decomposed by microorganisms, so that potential algae-bile-microorganism ecological cycle is formed. However, the prior art has a plurality of defects, and restricts the exertion of ecological synergistic benefits.
In the aspect of the cultivation device, most of existing facilities are single-function cultivation cages or rope brackets, and the specific ecological cooperative structural design is lacking. The sea-tangle and sea-tangle culturing space is not scientifically partitioned, the problem that sea-tangle excessively ingests sea-tangle seedlings often occurs, the material exchange channel is unreasonable in design, the sea-tangle circulation and biological isolation are difficult to take account of, ecological reciprocity effects cannot be fully exerted, and the integrated environment monitoring and regulating carrier is lacking, so that the environment requirements of different growth stages of the sea-tangle and sea-tangle are difficult to adapt.
In the aspect of the cultivation method, the prior art does not realize deep coupling of the device and the method, namely, the matching degree of the seeding throwing time sequence and the growth period is low, the feeding requirement of sea urchins and the kelp supply rhythm are unbalanced, the environment regulation and control are operated by experience, accurate intervention based on device monitoring data is lacking, the disease control is excessively dependent on chemical drugs, and the cultivation risk is increased while ecological balance is damaged. These problems lead to low cultivation efficiency and high cost, and restrict the industrialized development of sea urchin-kelp ecological cultivation.
Therefore, the device and the technology for integrating the ecological cooperative structure and adapting the accurate cultivation method are developed, and have important significance for improving the ecological benefit and the economic benefit of sea urchin-kelp cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an ecological-synergetic sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding device and method, which solve the problems that the breeding device in the prior art lacks an ecological synergetic structure, the breeding method and device have poor suitability, the environment regulation is inaccurate, the disease control depends on chemical drugs and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
An ecological-synergetic sea urchin-kelp ecological culturing device comprises a main body frame, a kelp culturing area, a sea urchin culturing area, a substance exchange unit and an environment monitoring unit;
The main body frame is a cuboid cultivation frame body and is divided into a kelp cultivation area positioned at the upper part and a sea urchin cultivation area positioned at the lower part through a horizontal partition plate;
A plurality of rows of cultivation seedling ropes are arranged at the top of the kelp cultivation area and used for hanging and cultivating kelp, and a porous concrete fish gathering reef is arranged at the bottom of the kelp cultivation area, namely the upper part of the horizontal partition plate;
paving a cobble layer at the bottom of the sea urchin culture area for culturing sea urchin;
the substance exchange unit comprises a plurality of communication channels which are arranged in the middle of the horizontal partition plate;
The environment monitoring unit is installed at the top of the main body frame and comprises an integrated sensor group and a data transmission module.
Further, the main body frame is made of corrosion-resistant carbon steel, and has the dimensions of 3-4 meters long, 2-2.5 meters wide and 1.5-2 meters high;
Arranging high-density polyethylene netting on the bottom surface and the side surface of the main body frame, wherein the length of the mesh foot of the high-density polyethylene netting is 1.5-2cm (+ -0.2 cm);
The four corners of the top of the main body frame are respectively provided with a detachable suspension assembly or floating ball, and the bottom of the main body frame is provided with a balancing weight with adjustable weight.
Further, the volume ratio of the kelp culture area to the sea urchin culture area is (1.5-2): 1.
Further, at the top of the kelp culture area, the distance between two adjacent rows of culture seedling ropes is 0.5-0.6 m, the length of the culture seedling ropes is 2-2.5 m, and the diameter is 8-10mm;
porous guide plates which form an angle of 30-45 degrees with the water flow direction are arranged between two adjacent rows of seedling raising ropes.
Further, the porous concrete fish gathering reef is a porous cube with a side length of 0.3-0.4 m.
Further, the number of the communication channels is 3-4, and the cross section length of each communication channel is 0.18-0.22 m and the width is 0.13-0.16 m;
the filter screen is arranged in the communication channel and has an opening state and a closing state, when the filter screen is in the closing state, the filter screen covers the whole communication channel to limit the sea urchins to enter the sea-tangle cultivation area, the aperture of the mesh of the filter screen is 2-3 cm, and when the filter screen is in the opening state, the filter screen is positioned at one end of the communication channel to allow the sea urchins to enter the sea-tangle cultivation area through the communication channel.
Further, a cobble layer with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 m is paved at the bottom of the sea urchin culture area, and an observation window is arranged on the side wall of the sea urchin culture area.
Further, in the environment monitoring unit, the integrated sensor group is connected with the data transmission module;
The integrated sensor group comprises a water temperature sensor, a salinity sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor and an illumination intensity sensor;
The water temperature sensor has a measurement range of 0-30 ℃, the salinity sensor has a measurement range of 20-35%o, the dissolved oxygen sensor has a measurement range of 0-20mg/L, and the illumination intensity sensor has a measurement range of 0-20000lux.
An ecological synergy-based sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding method comprises the following steps:
Selecting a near-shore clean sea area with transparency not less than 1.5m, water temperature of 5-25 ℃, salinity of 25-32 per mill and water flow speed of 0.1-0.3 m/s, arranging the devices at intervals of 5-6 m, and adjusting the suspension depth to 1-2 m by a suspension assembly;
Step (2) of cooperatively planning seedling throwing and growing period, namely selecting healthy kelp seedlings with the length of 5-10cm, throwing the kelp seedlings for 10-11 months, and uniformly clamping the kelp seedlings on cultivation seedling ropes in a kelp cultivation area according to the density of 20-30 plants/meter;
sea urchin seedlings are put in 1-2 months after kelp is put in, 2-3cm shell diameter seedlings are selected, and initial put density is 8-10 per m < 2 >;
Through the accurate matching of the growth period, the synchronization of the growth period, the fattening period and the rapid growth period of the sea urchins is ensured, and the balance of feeding requirements and feed supply is realized;
And (3) utilizing an environment monitoring unit of the device to acquire water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and illumination intensity in real time, and realizing dynamic regulation and control through a control terminal:
Water temperature regulation, namely lifting the device to a sea water temperature zone through a suspension assembly at the top of the main body frame when the water temperature is less than 5 ℃, and sinking the device to a low-temperature water layer of 1.5-2.5 m when the water temperature is more than 25 ℃ so as to maintain proper growth temperature of kelp and sea urchins;
illumination regulation, namely keeping the device free of shielding when illumination is less than 3000lux, and additionally arranging a sunshade net on the top of the device when illumination is more than 8000 lux;
And regulating and controlling dissolved oxygen, namely when the dissolved oxygen is less than 5mg/L, opening a guide fan preset on the side surface of the device to accelerate sea water exchange. The flow guide fan is a part of the environment monitoring unit and is arranged on the side face of the cuboid cultivation frame body and used for promoting sea water exchange.
The ecological cooperative feeding and daily management, namely adjusting a filter screen of a communication channel to be in a closed state during the adaptation period of the sea urchin, limiting the sea urchin to enter a sea-tangle cultivation area, and avoiding feeding sea-tangle seedlings;
When the sea urchins enter a growing period and a fattening period, a filter screen of a communication channel is adjusted to be in an open state, the sea urchins are allowed to enter a sea urchin culture area to ingest sea tangle aging blades, and fresh sea urchins are supplemented when the sea urchin coverage rate is less than 70% by monitoring the sea urchin coverage rate;
the ecological disease comprehensive prevention and control comprises biological regulation, physical control and community optimization;
the biological control method comprises adding beneficial microorganism (EM bacteria) into the device every 2-3 months by mixing bacterial liquid with adsorbent (testa Tritici or zeolite powder), placing into a permeable mesh bag, and suspending in the middle-lower layer of sea urchin culture area with dosage of 5-8L/1000 m 3 water body;
Physical prevention and treatment, namely flushing the adhesive organisms on the surface of the main body frame by a high-pressure water gun at regular intervals;
and optimizing community, namely mixedly culturing asparagus in the kelp culture area according to 10-20% of the culture area.
In the step (4), artificial compound feed is fed to a feeding port preset in a sea urchin culture area, the frequency of fresh kelp is not more than 1 time per week, and the sea urchin is ensured to be fed sufficiently and waste is not caused at the same time by controlling the frequency of kelp supplementing.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding device based on ecological synergy is innovative in structure, remarkable in synergy function, capable of effectively solving the problem of excessive ingestion of sea urchins by realizing dynamic synergy of sea urchins and kelp isolated protection-controllable ingestion through the sea urchins and the kelp partitioned breeding and the substance exchange unit, and capable of providing data support for accurate regulation and control by the environment monitoring unit, and remarkably improving the environment suitability.
The method and the device are deeply coupled, the efficiency is obviously improved, the synchronization rate of the sea urchin fattening period and the sea tangle supply peak period is 90% by scientific planning of the seed throwing time sequence and the growth period, the feed cost is reduced by 30-40%, and the sea urchin growth speed is obviously improved based on accurate regulation and control of device monitoring.
The ecological cycle is optimized, the environment is protected, the using amount of exogenous fertilizer can be obviously reduced through nutrient closed loop of kelp, sea urchin and microorganism, the pollution of cultivation wastewater is reduced, meanwhile, the use of chemical medicines can be reduced through an ecological disease prevention and control system, and the product quality is safer.
The device provided by the invention has stable structure, standard steps of the method, low daily management intensity, and high industrialization application value, and a plurality of devices can be densely arranged to form a large-scale culture array.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an ecological breeding device for sea urchins and kelp based on ecological cooperation in an embodiment of the invention;
The sea urchin culturing device comprises the following components of a main body frame 1, a hanging assembly 2, a balancing weight 3, a horizontal partition plate 4, a sea urchin culturing area 5, a sea urchin culturing area 7, a culturing seedling rope 8, a deflector plate 9, a fish reef collecting layer 10, a cobble layer 11, a viewing window 12, a communicating channel 13, an adjustable filter screen 14, a sensor group 15 and a data transmission module.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. The present invention will be fully understood by those skilled in the art without the details described herein.
An ecological-synergetic sea urchin-kelp ecological culturing device comprises a main body frame, a kelp culturing area, a sea urchin culturing area, a substance exchange unit and an environment monitoring unit;
The main body frame is a cuboid cultivation frame body and is divided into a kelp cultivation area positioned at the upper part and a sea urchin cultivation area positioned at the lower part through a horizontal partition plate;
A plurality of rows of cultivation seedling ropes are arranged at the top of the kelp cultivation area and used for hanging and cultivating kelp, and a porous concrete fish gathering reef is arranged at the bottom of the kelp cultivation area, namely the upper part of the horizontal partition plate;
paving a cobble layer at the bottom of the sea urchin culture area for culturing sea urchin;
the substance exchange unit comprises a plurality of communication channels which are arranged in the middle of the horizontal partition plate;
The environment monitoring unit is installed at the top of the main body frame and comprises an integrated sensor group and a data transmission module.
In the invention, the main body frame is made of corrosion-resistant carbon steel, and has the dimensions of 3-4 m long, 2-2.5 m wide and 1.5-2 m high;
Covering the ground and the side surface of the main body frame with high-density polyethylene netting, wherein the length of the mesh foot of the netting is 1.5-2cm (+ -0.2 cm);
The four corners of the top of the main body frame are respectively provided with a detachable suspension assembly or floating ball, and the bottom of the main body frame is provided with a balancing weight with adjustable weight. The detachable suspension assembly is used for being connected with the buoyancy adjusting device to adjust the suspension depth of the culture device, and the gravity center of the device can be stabilized by increasing or reducing the counterweight, so that the stability of the device in seawater is ensured.
In the invention, the volume ratio of the kelp culture area to the sea urchin culture area is (1.5-2): 1. When the volume ratio is set, in order to match the ecological synergistic requirement of sea urchin and kelp, kelp is in a raft culture mode, namely the root of the kelp is hung up, the leaves grow downwards, so that the space is required, and the sea urchin has larger requirement for seaweed feed, so that the kelp culture area has larger volume.
In the invention, the distance between two adjacent rows of cultivation seedling ropes is 0.5-0.6 m at the top of the kelp cultivation area, the length of the cultivation seedling ropes is 2-2.5 m, and the diameter is 8-10mm;
Porous guide plates which form an angle of 30-45 degrees with the water flow direction are arranged between two adjacent rows of seedling raising ropes. Wherein, the setting parameters of the seedling raising ropes can ensure sufficient kelp growth space;
the porous guide plate is a PVC guide plate with the aperture of 4-6mm and is used for guiding the seawater to flow orderly so as to improve the absorption efficiency of kelp on nutrient substances.
In the invention, the porous concrete fish gathering reef is a porous cube with a side length of 0.3-0.4 m. The porous concrete fish gathering reef is used for providing an enrichment place for beneficial microorganisms;
In the invention, the number of the communication channels is 3-4, the cross section length of each communication channel is 0.18-0.22 m, and the width is 0.13-0.16 m;
the filter screen has an opening state and a closing state, when the filter screen is in the closing state, the filter screen covers the whole communication channel to limit the sea urchins to enter the sea-tangle cultivation area, the pore diameter of the mesh of the filter screen is 2-3 cm, and when the filter screen is in the opening state, the filter screen is positioned at one end of the communication channel to allow the sea urchins to enter the sea-tangle cultivation area through the communication channel.
Specifically, the filter screen is closed to isolate and protect the kelp in the kelp seedling stage, and the filter screen is opened in the kelp growth stage to allow the sea urchins to selectively ingest, so that the dynamic management of ecological isolation-controllable interaction is realized. The filter screen is provided with an opening state and a closing state, so that free circulation of seawater and small plankton can be ensured, sea urchins can be prevented from excessively entering a kelp area to ingest, and the material exchange and biological protection requirements are balanced.
In the invention, a cobble layer with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 m is paved at the bottom of a sea urchin culture area, and an observation window is arranged on the side wall of the sea urchin culture area.
Specifically, the cobble layer adopts cobbles with the grain diameter of 5-8 cm;
The cobble layer is used for simulating a natural perching environment and providing a concealed and movable space for sea urchins. The side wall of the sea urchin breeding area is provided with an observation window with a transparent acrylic plate, so that the growth state of the sea urchin can be monitored in real time.
In the invention, in the environment monitoring unit, the integrated sensor group is connected with the data transmission module;
The integrated sensor group comprises a water temperature sensor, a salinity sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor and an illumination intensity sensor;
The water temperature sensor has a measurement range of 0-30 ℃ and the precision of +/-0.5 ℃, the salinity sensor has a measurement range of 20-35 permillage and the precision of +/-0.5 permillage, the dissolved oxygen sensor has a measurement range of 0-20mg/L and the precision of +/-0.2 mg/L, and the illumination intensity sensor has a measurement range of 0-20000lux and the precision of +/-5%. The data transmission module is used for transmitting the monitoring data of the environment monitoring unit to the shore control terminal in real time, and providing data support for accurate regulation and control.
The invention also provides an ecological-synergy-based sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding method, which adopts the ecological-synergy-based sea urchin-kelp ecological breeding device and comprises the following steps:
Selecting a near-shore clean sea area with transparency not less than 1.5m, water temperature of 5-25 ℃, salinity of 25-32 per mill and water flow speed of 0.1-0.3 m/s, arranging the devices at intervals of 5-6 m, and adjusting the suspension depth to 1-2 m by a suspension assembly;
the step ensures that the seawater quality is in accordance with national fishery water quality standard and is far away from an industrial wastewater discharge port and a domestic sewage pollution source, and the cultivation devices are arranged at intervals of 5-6 meters, and the suspension depth is 1-2 meters through the top suspension assembly adjusting device, so that the kelp cultivation area is ensured to obtain sufficient illumination.
The method comprises the steps of (2) cooperatively planning seedling throwing and growing periods, namely, selecting healthy kelp seedlings of 5-10cm, throwing the kelp seedlings for 10-11 months, uniformly clamping the kelp seedlings on cultivation seedling ropes of a kelp cultivation area according to the density of 20-30 plants/meter, wherein the kelp growing periods are 8-10 months, including a seedling stage, a rapid growth period and a maturation period, the kelp seedling stage is 1-3 months after throwing, the rapid growth period is 4-7 months after throwing, and the maturation period is 8-10 months after throwing;
Sea urchin seedlings are put in 1-2 months after kelp is put in, at the moment, the kelp is initially grown, so that basic protection can be provided, 2-3cm shell diameter seedlings are selected, the initial putting density is 8-10 per m < 2 >;
the growth period of the sea urchins is 8-11 months, comprising an adaptation period, a growing period and a fattening period, wherein the growing period and the fattening period of the sea urchins are synchronous with the rapid growth period and the maturation period of kelp, the adaptation period of the sea urchins is 1-3 months after the release, the growing period is 4-7 months after the release, and the fattening period is 8-11 months after the release;
Through the accurate matching of the growth period, the synchronization of the growth period and the fattening period of the sea urchins and the rapid growth period and the maturation period of the kelp is ensured, and the balance of the feeding demand and the feed supply is realized;
And (3) utilizing an environment monitoring unit of the device to acquire water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and illumination intensity in real time, and realizing dynamic regulation and control through a control terminal:
Water temperature regulation, namely lifting the device to a sea water temperature zone through a suspension assembly at the top of the main body frame when the water temperature is less than 5 ℃, and sinking the device to a low-temperature water layer of 1.5-2.5 m when the water temperature is more than 25 ℃ so as to maintain proper growth temperature of kelp and sea urchins;
The illumination regulation and control is that sufficient illumination is needed in the young seedling stage and the rapid growth stage of the kelp, the device is kept free from shielding when the illumination is less than 3000lux, and a sunshade net (preferably a sunshade net with 50% shading rate) is additionally arranged at the top of the device when the illumination is more than 8000lux so as to avoid strong light from burning the kelp;
and regulating and controlling dissolved oxygen, namely when the dissolved oxygen is less than 5mg/L, accelerating the sea water exchange by a guide fan preset on the side surface of the opening device so as to improve the content of the dissolved oxygen in the water body and maintain the stability of an ecological system.
The ecological cooperative feeding and daily management, namely, during the adaptation period of the sea urchins, regulating a filter screen of a communication channel to be in a closed state, limiting the sea urchins to enter a sea-tangle cultivation area, avoiding ingestion of sea-tangle seedlings, feeding artificial compound feed weekly (the weight of the artificial compound feed fed weekly is 3-5% of the weight of the sea urchins), and feeding the artificial compound feed to a preset feeding port of the sea urchin cultivation area;
When sea urchins enter a growing period and a fattening period, a filter screen of a communication channel is adjusted to be in an open state, the sea urchins are allowed to enter a sea urchin culture area to ingest sea urchin ageing blades, fresh sea urchins are supplemented when the sea urchin coverage rate is less than 70% through monitoring the sea urchin coverage rate, the frequency of supplementing fresh sea urchins is less than or equal to 1 time per week, and the sea urchin ingestion sufficiency and no waste are caused through controlling the frequency of supplementing sea urchins.
Daily management, namely sampling and measuring the shell diameter and the weight of sea urchins through an observation window each month, grasping the growth condition, periodically cleaning residual baits, faeces and sundries in the device, keeping the culture environment clean, cleaning attached organisms on a culture seedling rope every 2 months, and ensuring sufficient illumination of kelp.
The ecological disease comprehensive prevention and control comprises biological regulation, physical control and community optimization;
The biological regulation and control concretely comprises the steps of putting beneficial microorganisms into the device every 2-3 months, wherein the putting mode is to mix bacterial liquid and an adsorbent, load the mixed bacterial liquid into a permeable net bag, hang the mixed bacterial liquid on the middle lower layer of a sea urchin culture area, and use the water with the dosage of 5-8 liters/1000 m 3, wherein the beneficial microorganisms are special EM bacteria for aquatic products;
Physical control, namely flushing the adhesive organisms on the surface of the main body frame by a high-pressure water gun regularly to reduce disease breeding carriers;
And community optimization, namely constructing diversified algal communities by mixedly culturing asparagus in the kelp culture area according to 10-20% of the culture area, improving the stability and disease resistance of an ecological system and reducing the use of chemical medicines.
The following are specific examples:
Example 1. Shandong Wired offshore area is selected as the cultivation area, the transparency of the sea area is 2m, the water temperature is 8-22 ℃ throughout the year, the salinity is 28-31 per mill, the water flow speed is 0.2 m/s, and the water flow meets the site selection standard.
The breeding device adopts a polyethylene cuboid frame body with the length of 3.5 meters, the width of 2.2 meters and the height of 1.8 meters, the top four corner hanging components are connected with buoyancy balls, and the bottom balancing weight controls the gravity center. The frame body is divided into a kelp culture area (60%) and a sea urchin culture area (40%) by a horizontal partition board, wherein 20 rows of nylon culture seedling ropes (1.1 m long and 0.5 m apart) are hung in the kelp area, 45-degree guide plates are arranged between each row, concrete fish reefs with 0.35 m bottom cloth edges are paved in the sea urchin area, observation windows are formed in the side walls of the sea urchin area, 4 communication channels are formed in the middle of the partition board, a filter screen with adjustable opening and closing states is arranged in the middle of the partition board, and meshes of the filter screen are 2.5 cm. The top of the device is provided with an integrated sensor group, and environmental data is transmitted to the control terminal in real time.
Kelp seedlings (length 7-8 cm) are put in the late 10 months, 25 seedlings are clamped by ropes of each meter of seedlings and are clamped by ropes of cultivation seedlings, sea urchin seedlings (shell diameter 2.5 cm) are put in the late 11 months, and initial density is 9 per square meter.
In the cultivation process, the device is used for monitoring and controlling data, wherein the device is lifted to 1 meter water depth when the water temperature in winter is less than 8 ℃, the water temperature in summer is more than 25 ℃ and is submerged to 2 meters water depth, and the sunshade net is additionally arranged when the illumination is more than 8000 lux. The sea urchin is fed with artificial compound feed (weight 4%) weekly in adaptation period (12 months-2 months of the next year), the filter screen is regulated in growing period (3-7 months) and fattening period (8-10 months) to allow sea urchin to feed sea urchin leaves, and fresh sea urchin is supplemented when sea urchin coverage rate is less than 70%. EM bacteria (6 liters/1000 m 3 water body) are put in every 2 months, the surface of the frame is washed by a high-pressure water gun every 10 days for attaching organisms, and asparagus is mixedly cultivated in the kelp area according to 10 percent of the area.
The average shell diameter of the cultured sea urchins is 6 cm after 11 months, the weight is more than 50g, and the survival rate is 92%. The water quality is stable (the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 6mg/L, the pH is 7.5-8.2), the large-scale diseases are avoided, and the economic benefit is improved by 35% compared with the traditional mixed culture.
Example 2 cultivation experiments were carried out in the coastal region of Liaoning Dalian, which had a transparency of 1.8 m, a water temperature of 6-23℃and a salinity of 26-32%. The cultivation device is a polyethylene frame body with the length of 3 meters, the width of2 meters and the height of 1.6 meters, the partition ratio is 3:2, and the rest structures are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Sea-tangle seedlings (6-9 cm) are put in at the beginning of 10 months, the seedling density is 30 plants/m seedling rope, sea-urchin seedlings (2-3 cm shell diameter) are put in at the beginning of 11 months, and the density is 10 plants/m. The environmental regulation and disease control measures are the same as those in the embodiment 1, after 10 months of cultivation, the average weight of sea urchins is 48 g, the survival rate is 88%, the water quality standard reaching rate is 100%, and the economic benefit is obvious.
The embodiment verifies the synergistic effectiveness of the device and the method, and realizes the efficient green cultivation of sea urchins and sea belts through ecological synergistic design.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种基于生态协同的海胆-海带生态养殖装置,其特征在于,包括:主体框架、海带养殖区、海胆养殖区、物质交换单元及环境监测单元;1. A sea urchin-kelp ecological aquaculture device based on ecological synergy, characterized in that it comprises: a main frame, a kelp aquaculture area, a sea urchin aquaculture area, a material exchange unit, and an environmental monitoring unit; 所述主体框架为长方体养殖框体;所述主体框架通过水平隔板分隔为位于上部的海带养殖区和位于下部的海胆养殖区;The main frame is a rectangular aquaculture frame; the main frame is divided into a kelp aquaculture area at the top and a sea urchin aquaculture area at the bottom by horizontal partitions; 在所述海带养殖区的顶部设置若干排养殖苗绳,用于悬挂养殖海带;在所述海带养殖区的底部,即所述水平隔板的上部设置多孔混凝土集鱼礁;Several rows of seedling ropes are set at the top of the kelp farming area to suspend the farmed kelp; a porous concrete fish reef is set at the bottom of the kelp farming area, that is, above the horizontal partition. 所述海胆养殖区的底部铺设鹅卵石层,用于养殖海胆;The bottom of the sea urchin farming area is covered with a layer of pebbles for cultivating sea urchins; 所述物质交换单元包括开设于所述水平隔板中部的若干个连通通道;The material exchange unit includes several connecting channels opened in the middle of the horizontal partition; 所述环境监测单元安装在所述主体框架的顶部,包括集成传感器组及数据传输模块;The environmental monitoring unit is installed on the top of the main frame and includes an integrated sensor group and a data transmission module; 所述主体框架采用耐腐蚀碳钢材质制成,尺寸为:长3-4米、宽2-2.5米、高1.5-2米;The main frame is made of corrosion-resistant carbon steel and has the following dimensions: 3-4 meters long, 2-2.5 meters wide, and 1.5-2 meters high. 在所述主体框架的底面和侧面设置高密度聚乙烯网衣,所述高密度聚乙烯网衣的目脚长度为1.5-2cm;High-density polyethylene mesh is provided on the bottom and sides of the main frame, and the mesh length of the high-density polyethylene mesh is 1.5-2cm. 在所述主体框架的顶部四角分别设置可拆卸的悬挂组件,在所述主体框架的底部安装重量可调节的配重块;Detachable suspension components are installed at the top four corners of the main frame, and weight-adjustable counterweights are installed at the bottom of the main frame. 所述连通通道的数量为3-4个,每个所述连通通道的横截面长度为0.18至0.22m,宽度为0.13至0.16m;The number of the connecting channels is 3-4, and the cross-sectional length of each connecting channel is 0.18 to 0.22 m and the width is 0.13 to 0.16 m; 在所述连通通道内安装滤网,所述滤网具有开启和关闭两种状态;当滤网处于关闭状态时,所述滤网覆盖整个连通通道,以限制海胆进入海带养殖区,滤网网眼的孔径为2-3厘米;当滤网处于开启状态时,所述滤网位于连通通道的一端,允许海胆通过连通通道进入海带养殖区。A filter screen is installed in the connecting channel. The filter screen has two states: open and closed. When the filter screen is closed, it covers the entire connecting channel to restrict sea urchins from entering the kelp farming area. The mesh size of the filter screen is 2-3 cm. When the filter screen is open, it is located at one end of the connecting channel, allowing sea urchins to enter the kelp farming area through the connecting channel. 2.根据权利要求1所述一种基于生态协同的海胆-海带生态养殖装置,其特征在于,所述海带养殖区和所述海胆养殖区的体积比为(1.5-2):1。2. The sea urchin-kelp ecological aquaculture device based on ecological synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume ratio of the kelp aquaculture area to the sea urchin aquaculture area is (1.5-2):1. 3.根据权利要求1所述一种基于生态协同的海胆-海带生态养殖装置,其特征在于,在所述海带养殖区的顶部,相邻两排养殖苗绳之间的间距为0.5-0.6米;养殖苗绳的长度为2-2.5米,养殖苗绳的直径为8-10mm;3. The sea urchin-kelp ecological aquaculture device based on ecological synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that, at the top of the kelp aquaculture area, the spacing between two adjacent rows of aquaculture seedling ropes is 0.5-0.6 meters; the length of the aquaculture seedling rope is 2-2.5 meters, and the diameter of the aquaculture seedling rope is 8-10 mm; 在相邻两排养殖苗绳之间设置与水流方向呈30-45°角的多孔导流板。A perforated guide plate at a 30-45° angle to the direction of water flow is installed between two adjacent rows of seedling ropes. 4.根据权利要求1所述一种基于生态协同的海胆-海带生态养殖装置,其特征在于,所述多孔混凝土集鱼礁是边长为0.3-0.4米的多孔立方体。4. The sea urchin-kelp ecological aquaculture device based on ecological synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous concrete fish reef is a porous cube with a side length of 0.3-0.4 meters. 5.根据权利要求1所述一种基于生态协同的海胆-海带生态养殖装置,其特征在于,在海胆养殖区的底部铺0.2-0.3米厚的鹅卵石层,且在海胆养殖区的侧壁设观察窗口。5. The sea urchin-kelp ecological aquaculture device based on ecological synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that a 0.2-0.3 meter thick layer of pebbles is laid at the bottom of the sea urchin aquaculture area, and an observation window is provided on the side wall of the sea urchin aquaculture area. 6.根据权利要求1所述一种基于生态协同的海胆-海带生态养殖装置,其特征在于,所述环境监测单元中,所述集成传感器组和所述数据传输模块连接;6. The sea urchin-kelp ecological aquaculture device based on ecological synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the environmental monitoring unit, the integrated sensor group and the data transmission module are connected; 所述集成传感器组包括水温传感器、盐度传感器、溶解氧传感器和光照强度传感器;The integrated sensor group includes a water temperature sensor, a salinity sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, and a light intensity sensor; 所述水温传感器的测量范围为0-30℃;所述盐度传感器的测量范围为20-35‰;所述溶解氧传感器的测量范围为0-20mg/L;所述光照强度传感器的测量范围为0-20000lux。The water temperature sensor has a measurement range of 0-30℃; the salinity sensor has a measurement range of 20-35‰; the dissolved oxygen sensor has a measurement range of 0-20mg/L; and the light intensity sensor has a measurement range of 0-20000lux. 7.一种基于生态协同的海胆-海带生态养殖方法,采用权利要求1-6任一项所述基于生态协同的海胆-海带生态养殖装置,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:7. A method for ecological synergy-based sea urchin-kelp ecological aquaculture, using the ecological synergy-based sea urchin-kelp ecological aquaculture device as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps: 步骤(1):养殖区域选址与装置部署:选择透明度≥1.5米、水温5-25℃、盐度25-32‰、水流速度0.1-0.3米/秒的近岸清洁海域,将装置按5-6米间距排列,通过悬挂组件调节悬浮深度至1-2米;Step (1): Site selection and equipment deployment for aquaculture: Select a clean nearshore sea area with transparency ≥1.5 meters, water temperature 5-25℃, salinity 25-32‰, and water flow velocity 0.1-0.3 m/s. Arrange the equipment at 5-6 meter intervals and adjust the suspension depth to 1-2 meters through the suspension components. 步骤(2):苗种投放与生长周期协同规划:选5-10cm健康海带苗种,将海带苗种于10-11月投放,按20-30株/米的密度均匀夹苗于海带养殖区的的养殖苗绳上;Step (2): Coordinated planning of seedling release and growth cycle: Select healthy kelp seedlings of 5-10cm and release them in October-November. Place the seedlings evenly on the seedling ropes in the kelp farming area at a density of 20-30 seedlings/meter. 将海胆苗种于海带投放后1-2个月投放,选2-3cm壳径苗种,初始投放密度为8-10只/㎡;Sea urchin seedlings are released 1-2 months after kelp release, selecting seedlings with a shell diameter of 2-3cm, with an initial release density of 8-10 seedlings/㎡; 步骤(3):利用装置的环境监测单元实时获取水温、盐度、溶解氧、光照强度,通过控制终端实现动态调控:Step (3): Use the environmental monitoring unit of the device to obtain water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and light intensity in real time, and achieve dynamic regulation through the control terminal: 水温调控:当水温<5℃时,通过主体框架顶部的悬挂组件将装置提升至海水表温水区,当水温>25℃时,将装置下沉至1.5-2.5米的低温水层,以维持海带和海胆适宜的生长温度;Water temperature control: When the water temperature is <5℃, the device is raised to the surface temperature zone of the sea through the suspension component at the top of the main frame. When the water temperature is >25℃, the device is lowered to a low temperature water layer of 1.5-2.5 meters to maintain a suitable growth temperature for kelp and sea urchin. 光照调控:当光照<3000lux时保持装置无遮挡,当光照>8000lux时在装置顶部加装遮阳网;Light control: When the light intensity is <3000 lux, keep the device unobstructed; when the light intensity is >8000 lux, install a shade net on top of the device. 溶解氧调控:当溶解氧<5mg/L时,开启装置侧面预设的导流扇加速海水交换;Dissolved oxygen regulation: When dissolved oxygen < 5 mg/L, turn on the pre-set flow guide fan on the side of the device to accelerate seawater exchange; 步骤(4):生态协同投喂与日常管理:海胆适应期时,通过将连通通道的滤网调到关闭状态,限制海胆进入海带养殖区,避免摄食海带幼苗;每周投喂人工配合饲料;Step (4): Ecological Co-feeding and Daily Management: During the sea urchin adaptation period, the filter screen of the connecting channel is closed to restrict sea urchins from entering the kelp farming area and prevent them from eating kelp seedlings; artificial compound feed is fed weekly; 海胆进入生长期及育肥期时,将连通通道的滤网调到开启状态,允许海胆进入海带养殖区摄食海带老化叶片,且通过监测海带覆盖率,海带覆盖率<70%时补充鲜海带;When sea urchins enter their growth and fattening periods, the filter screen of the connecting channel is turned on to allow them to enter the kelp farming area to feed on the aging kelp leaves. Fresh kelp is added when the kelp coverage rate is less than 70% by monitoring the kelp coverage rate. 步骤(5):生态病害综合防控,包括生物调控、物理防治和群落优化;Step (5): Integrated prevention and control of ecological diseases, including biological regulation, physical control and community optimization; 生物调控具体为:每2-3个月向装置内投放一次有益微生物,投放方式为将菌液与吸附剂混合装入透水网袋,悬挂于海胆养殖区中下层,用量为5-8升/1000m3水体;The biological regulation specifically involves introducing beneficial microorganisms into the device every 2-3 months. The method of introduction is to mix the bacterial solution with the adsorbent, put it into a water-permeable net bag, and suspend it in the middle and lower layers of the sea urchin farming area. The dosage is 5-8 liters/ 1000m3 of water. 物理防治:定期用高压水枪冲洗主体框架表面的附着生物;Physical control: Regularly wash the surface of the main frame with a high-pressure water gun to remove attached organisms; 和群落优化:在海带养殖区按养殖面积的10-20%混养龙须菜。Community optimization: In kelp farming areas, Gracilaria should be mixed with 10-20% of the farming area. 8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,将人工配合饲料投喂于海胆养殖区预设的投喂口;8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step (4), artificial compound feed is fed into a pre-set feeding port in the sea urchin farming area; 补充鲜海带的频率≤每周1次。The frequency of replenishing fresh kelp should be ≤ once a week.
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