CN120679897A - A stamping method and stamping die for locally variable cross-section parts - Google Patents
A stamping method and stamping die for locally variable cross-section partsInfo
- Publication number
- CN120679897A CN120679897A CN202511144103.XA CN202511144103A CN120679897A CN 120679897 A CN120679897 A CN 120679897A CN 202511144103 A CN202511144103 A CN 202511144103A CN 120679897 A CN120679897 A CN 120679897A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- flattening
- punch
- blanking
- cut
- variable cross
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/001—Shaping combined with punching, e.g. stamping and perforating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及了一种局部变截面零件冲压方法及冲压模具，包括以下步骤：S1、预切口，预切口凸模与预切口反压板的配合下对料带切出预设形状的预切口；S2、局部压扁，在预切口的基础上，对目标区域进行厚度减薄压扁处理，形成变截面结构；压扁冲头挤压料带的目标区域，完成压扁，使压扁区域的材料受到挤压，向预切口方向流动；S3、落料，落料凸凹模与落料反压板相互配合下完成对零件外形轮廓的落料，针对变截面结构，落料反压板设置有与变截面结构相配合的局部凸起。区别现有技术，本发明实现带压扁特征零件的高精度一体化成形，大幅提升了生产效率，缩短了加工节拍，降低了制造成本。
The present invention relates to a stamping method and stamping die for a part with a local variable cross-section, comprising the following steps: S1, pre-cutting, wherein a pre-cutting punch cooperates with a pre-cutting counter-pressure plate to cut a pre-cut of a preset shape into a material strip; S2, local flattening, wherein, based on the pre-cutting, the target area is subjected to a thickness thinning and flattening treatment to form a variable cross-section structure; the flattening punch squeezes the target area of the material strip to complete the flattening, causing the material in the flattened area to be squeezed and flow toward the pre-cutting; S3, blanking, wherein the blanking punch and the blanking counter-pressure plate cooperate with each other to complete the blanking of the part's outer contour, and for a variable cross-section structure, the blanking counter-pressure plate is provided with a local protrusion that matches the variable cross-section structure. Different from the prior art, the present invention realizes high-precision integrated forming of parts with flattening features, greatly improving production efficiency, shortening processing time, and reducing manufacturing costs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal plate precision stamping processing, in particular to a stamping method and a stamping die for a part with a local variable cross section.
Background
The traditional blanking process utilizes the clearance between the male die and the female die to enable the materials to be sheared, broken and separated, is suitable for parts with equal thickness, has larger differences in shearing force, lateral force and impact force born by cutting edges of the male die and the female die at different section positions in the blanking process for parts with variable sections, can cause overlarge stress in local areas of the die, generates elastic and even plastic deformation, damages the die precision, and reduces the service life of the die. And the materials with different cross section areas have different deformation resistance and flow rate, so that the quality of the shearing surface is inconsistent, and the dimensional accuracy is difficult to ensure.
More information about the above solutions can also be found in the following documents:
in the patent publication No. CN102689149A, a continuous stamping precision forming process of an automobile retainer part is disclosed, a steel plate is clamped by a feeding roller and is fed into a multi-station stamping forming die, and a workpiece is formed in four steps, namely, a first step of punching an inner hole, a second step of flattening/extruding a bulge, a third step of extruding a hole and forming a boss, and a fourth step of punching a boss hole, punching the inner hole and blanking the inner hole to obtain a final workpiece.
In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventor finds that the following problems exist in the prior art:
in the prior art, the fine blanking process and the flattening process are carried out by two devices, the fine blanking process is carried out after the flattening process, the blanking shearing surface of the variable-section part is poor in quality, the dimensional accuracy is low, and the production efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the application provides a stamping method and a stamping die for a local variable-section part, which are used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, a fine stamping process and a flattening process are carried out by two devices, the fine stamping process is carried out after the flattening process, the quality of the blanking shearing surface of the variable-section part is poor, the dimensional precision is low and the production efficiency is low.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for stamping a part with a partial variable cross section, comprising the steps of:
S1, pre-cutting;
The blank pressing force is provided by the blank pressing ring ejector rod, the blank pressing ring downwards presses the material belt, the pre-cut male die downwards moves under the blanking force, the pre-cut back pressure plate upwards provides counter pressure, and simultaneously, the pre-cut back pressure plate downwards moves under the effect of the pre-cut male die, and a pre-cut with a preset shape is cut on the material belt under the cooperation of the pre-cut male die and the pre-cut back pressure plate;
S2, carrying out partial flattening, namely carrying out thickness thinning flattening treatment on a target area on the basis of pre-cutting to form a variable cross-section structure;
the material belt moves downwards along with the blank holder under the action of the blank holder force, the flattening punch is matched with the blank holder, the flattening punch extrudes a target area of the material belt, flattening is completed, and materials in the flattened area are extruded and flow towards the pre-cut direction;
S3, blanking;
The blanking counter-pressure plate is downwards moved under the action of the blanking convex concave die, the blanking counter-pressure plate is downwards moved under the action of the blanking convex concave die while the blanking counter-pressure plate is upwards provided with counter-pressure, the blanking convex concave die and the blanking counter-pressure plate are mutually matched to finish blanking of the outline of the part, and the blanking counter-pressure plate is provided with local bulges matched with the variable cross-section structure.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a pre-cutting process on a target area, carrying out thickness reduction flattening treatment on the target area on the basis of the pre-cutting process to form a variable cross-section structure, enabling a flattening punch to act on the pre-cutting area, enabling the flattening area material to be extruded, flowing in the pre-cutting direction, enabling flattening thickness to be accurately controlled, enabling the material to flow stably, avoiding defects such as collapse and tearing, enabling blanking convex concave dies and blanking counter-pressure plates to be matched with each other, completing blanking of the outline of a part, and enabling the variable cross-section area to be provided with local convex counter-pressure plates, achieving uniform stress in multiple areas, achieving high-precision integrated forming of flattening feature parts, introducing flattening process requirements on the basis of a traditional fine blanking process, achieving integrated high-precision forming of complex geometric shapes, enabling flatness of the flattening area to be high, meeting the technical requirements of high-end equipment manufacturing on special-shaped stamping parts, enabling the flattening thickness to be stable, enabling the blanking convex concave dies to be matched with the blanking counter-pressure plates, achieving fine-pressing process to be improved in a high-precision forming process, and enabling the manufacturing process to be not to be combined with the fine blanking process to be improved, and the manufacturing process cost of the special-shaped stamping part is greatly shortened.
In S1, as an embodiment of the present invention, the pre-slit punch is a pre-shaped punch;
calculating the narrowest width of the punch with the preset shape according to the thickness of the material belt, the thickness of the material belt after flattening forming, the area of the flattening forming area and the outline outside the flattening area, wherein the narrowest width of the punch with the preset shape is larger than the distance required by material flow;
Calculating the distance required by material flow through the narrowest width of a punch with a preset shape, obtaining the distance of the pre-cut outline expanding from the outer outline of the finished part through the distance required by material flow and the thickness of the flattened and formed material belt, and applying the distance to the pre-cut punch.
In this way, the wider the preset shape punch, the better the strength is, the less likely to be damaged, but the more material strips are cut out, the more scrap is added, the narrowest width of a proper preset shape punch needs to be calculated, the narrowest area of the preset shape punch needs to ensure a certain width to ensure the subsequent processing, the narrowest area cannot be made for saving materials, and meanwhile, the wider the preset shape punch cannot be made, the more scrap is added, the narrowest width of the preset shape punch is larger than the required distance for material flow, so that the material has enough flow space in the subsequent flattening process, and in the application, the preset shape punch is in a strip-shaped structure, the distance from the flattened area needs to be calculated for Z shape, and the material in the subsequent flattened area flows in a directional manner by reasonably setting the size of the pre-cut to form a free boundary, so that the forming defects such as tearing and material are avoided.
As one embodiment of the present invention, the narrowest width x 2 of the punch with preset shape is calculated by the thickness of the material strip, the thickness of the material strip after flattening forming, the area of the flattening forming area, and the outline outside the flattening area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein A is the area of the flattening forming area, t 1 is the thickness of the material belt, t 2 is the thickness of the material belt after flattening forming, and l is the outline of the flattening area.
Therefore, the narrowest width of the punch with the preset shape is calculated through the thickness of the material belt, the thickness of the material belt after flattening forming, the area of the flattening forming area and the outline outside the flattening area, a systematic incision size calculation method is established, and a complementary incision size design formula suitable for different plate thicknesses, material strengths and flattening proportion conditions is provided aiming at the influence of the flattening process on the plastic flow behavior of the material.
As one embodiment of the invention, the step of calculating the distance required by the material flow through the narrowest width of the punch with the preset shape is to obtain the distance required by the material flow by correspondingly multiplying the narrowest width of the punch with the preset shape by the corresponding proportional coefficient according to different outline profiles in the flattening process.
Thus, in the flattening process, the flowing distance is different for different outline, and the corresponding proportion coefficient is multiplied to ensure enough flowing space.
As an implementation mode of the invention, the distance x of the pre-cut outline from the outer outline of the finished part to be expanded is obtained through the distance required by material flow and the thickness of the flattened and formed material belt, and the calculation formula is as follows:
x=t2+2.5-x1
where x 1 is the distance required for the material to flow.
Therefore, the distance that the contour of the pre-cut is expanded outwards from the outer contour of the finished part is obtained through the distance required by material flowing and the thickness of the flattened and formed material belt, the contour of the punch with the preset shape keeps deviating from the outer contour of the finished part, the inner contour dimension of the punch is consistent with the outer contour of the finished part, the punch expands outwards, and the material in the subsequent flattened area flows in a directional manner through reasonably setting the pre-cut dimension to form a free boundary, so that forming defects such as fracturing, material tearing and the like are avoided.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step of performing a thickness reduction flattening process on the target area on the basis of the pre-slit to form the variable cross-section structure by partially flattening at S2,
When the flattening punch is a lower flattening punch, the material belt moves downwards along with the blank holder under the action of the blank holder force, the flattening punch is fixed, the blank holder continuously moves downwards, and the material belt is extruded, so that flattening is completed;
When the flattening punch is an upper flattening punch, the material belt moves downwards along with the blank holder under the action of the blank pressing force, after the material belt contacts the female die, the blank pressing force fixes the material belt, and the flattening punch moves downwards under the action of blanking force to extrude the material belt, so that flattening is completed.
In this way, depending on the direction of flattening, the punch may be placed above or below to press the material in the flattened region and flow the material in the direction of the pre-slit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step of performing the partial flattening at S2 and performing the thickness reduction flattening treatment on the target area based on the pre-slit, the uniform pressure is applied to the variable cross-section area by the flattening punch having the predetermined curved surface shape.
In the extrusion process, even pressure is applied to the variable cross-section area through the flattening punch with the preset curved surface shape, corresponding chamfer angles and transition are arranged at the edges of the flattening punch, even transition is realized, defects such as tearing of a part material are avoided, the preset curved surface shape is designed according to a target part, the variable cross-section area on the part is evenly transited, and the defects such as sudden flattening of the part, tearing of the material and the like are avoided.
To achieve the above object, in a second aspect, the present inventors have provided a partial variable cross-section part stamping die for performing the partial variable cross-section part stamping method as set forth in any one of the above, comprising an upper die plate, an upper backing plate, an upper fixing plate, a lower backing plate, a lower die plate, a blank holder, a pre-slit punch, a pre-slit counter plate, a flattening punch, a die, a blanking punch die, and a blanking counter plate;
The upper template, the upper base plate and the upper fixing plate are arranged from top to bottom along the vertical direction;
The female die, the lower fixing plate, the lower base plate and the lower template are arranged from top to bottom along the vertical direction;
The blank holder seat cover is in the blank holder outside, and with the blank holder is connected, the pre-cut terrace die sets up relatively in the top of pre-cut back pressure board, the bottom shape of pre-cut terrace die is the default shape, flatten the drift setting and be in the pre-cut terrace die the back of pre-cut back pressure board production direction, blanking convex die with blanking back pressure board sets up flatten the back of drift production direction, blanking convex die sets up relatively in the top of blanking back pressure board.
Compared with the prior art, the stamping die for the local variable cross-section part has the advantages that the high-precision integrated forming of the part with the flattening characteristic is realized, the flattening process requirement is introduced on the basis of the traditional fine stamping process, the integrated high-precision forming of the complex geometric shape is realized, the outline of a product is clear, the flatness of a flattening area is high, the technical requirement of high-end equipment manufacturing on a precision special-shaped stamping part is met, the flattening and fine stamping process is integrated into a composite forming process, the process combination mode of firstly cutting and then flattening and finally blanking is adopted, and the cooperative forming of a flattening structure and the fine stamping outline is realized on the premise of not increasing additional working procedures by combining a pre-cut male die, a flattening male die, a blanking male die and a fine stamping die.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the contact surface of the flattening punch has a predetermined curved surface shape.
Therefore, even pressure is applied to the variable cross-section area through the flattening punch with the preset curved surface shape, corresponding chamfering and transition are arranged at the edge of the flattening punch, even transition is realized, defects such as tearing of a part material are avoided, the preset curved surface shape is designed according to a target part, the variable cross-section area on the part is evenly transited, and the defects such as sudden flattening of the part, tearing of the material and the like are avoided.
As an implementation mode of the blanking counter-pressure plate, the top of the blanking counter-pressure plate is provided with a local bulge matched with the variable cross-section structure.
So, be equipped with local protruding back pressure board to the variable cross section region, realize multizone even atress, cooperate with variable cross section structure to the bellied shape in local, support the variable cross section structure after flattening, make half processing part can laminate on the back pressure board, in real-time blanking in-process, realize half processing part stability and blanking power even.
The foregoing summary is merely an overview of the present application, and may be implemented according to the text and the accompanying drawings in order to make it clear to a person skilled in the art that the present application may be implemented, and in order to make the above-mentioned objects and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more easily understood, the following description will be given with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings of the present application.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the principles, implementations, applications, features, and effects of the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
In the drawings of the specification:
FIG. 1 is a logic diagram of a method of stamping a part with a partially variable cross-section according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a stamping die for a part with a partially variable cross-section according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a pre-slit punch and a pre-slit counter plate according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a pre-slit punch and tape according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a pre-slit shape and crush zone according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distance x required for material flow according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the flow of partially crushed material in accordance with one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a flattening punch according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a blanking male-female die and a blanking counter plate according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of another cross-sectional angle between the blanking male die and the blanking back pressure plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals referred to in the above drawings are explained as follows:
x, the distance of the pre-cut outline expanding from the outer outline of the finished part;
1. The device comprises an upper template, 2, an upper base plate, 3, an upper fixing plate, 4, a lower fixing plate, 5, a lower base plate, 6, a lower template, 7, a blank holder, 8, a blank holder seat, 9, a pre-cut counter plate, 10, a pre-cut male die, 11, a flattening punch, 12, a blanking male die, 13, a blanking counter plate, 14, a local bulge, 15, a material belt, 16, a female die, 17, a flattening area, 18 and a target part.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the possible application scenarios, technical principles, practical embodiments, and the like of the present application in detail, the following description is made with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present application, and thus are only exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they particularly limited to independence or relevance from other embodiments. In principle, in the present application, as long as there is no technical contradiction or conflict, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment may be combined in any manner to form a corresponding implementable technical solution.
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application pertains, and the use of related terms herein is intended only to describe specific embodiments, not to limit the present application.
In the description of the present application, the term "and/or" is a representation for describing a logical relationship between objects, meaning that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B, meaning that there are a, B, and both a and B. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front-to-back associated object is an "or" logical relationship.
In the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual number, order, or sequence of such entities or operations.
Without further limitation, the use of the terms "comprising," "including," "having," or other like terms in this specification is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, or article of manufacture that comprises a list of elements does not include additional elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, or article of manufacture.
In the present application, the expressions "greater than", "less than", "exceeding" and the like are understood to exclude the present number, and the expressions "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the present number, as well as the expressions "examining the guideline" and the like. Furthermore, in the description of embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more (including two), and similarly, the expression "a plurality of" is also to be understood as such, for example, "a plurality of" and the like, unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the prior art, the fine blanking process and the flattening process are carried out by two devices, the fine blanking process is carried out after the flattening process, the blanking shearing surface of the variable-section part is poor in quality, the dimensional accuracy is low, and the production efficiency is low.
In view of the above, the embodiment of the application provides a stamping method and a stamping die for a local variable cross-section part, comprising the following steps of S1, pre-cutting, cutting a pre-cut with a preset shape on a material belt 15 under the cooperation of a pre-cut male die 10 and a pre-cut counter plate 9, S2, partially flattening, carrying out thickness reduction flattening treatment on a target area on the basis of the pre-cut to form a variable cross-section structure, enabling a material of a flattened area 17 to be extruded and flow towards the pre-cut direction, S3, blanking, completing blanking of the outline of the part under the cooperation of a blanking male die 12 and a blanking counter plate 13, and aiming at the variable cross-section structure, arranging a local bulge 14 matched with the variable cross-section structure on the blanking counter plate 13. The flattening and fine blanking processes are combined into a composite forming process, and the process combination mode of firstly cutting, then flattening and finally blanking is adopted, so that the cooperative forming of the flattening structure and the fine blanking profile is realized on the premise of not adding additional working procedures, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the processing beat is shortened, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, according to some embodiments of the present application, the present embodiment relates to a method for stamping a part with a partially variable cross section, including the steps of:
S1, pre-cutting;
the blank holder 7 is used for providing blank holder force through the ejector rod of the blank holder 7, the blank holder 7 downwards presses the material belt 15, the pre-cut male die 10 downwards moves under the blanking force, the pre-cut counter plate 9 upwards provides counter pressure, and simultaneously, the pre-cut counter plate 9 downwards moves under the action of the pre-cut male die 10, and a pre-cut with a preset shape is cut on the material belt 15 under the cooperation of the pre-cut male die 10 and the pre-cut counter plate 9;
S2, carrying out partial flattening, namely carrying out thickness thinning flattening treatment on a target area on the basis of pre-cutting to form a variable cross-section structure;
The material belt 15 moves downwards along with the blank holder 7 under the action of the blank holder force, the flattening punch 11 is matched with the blank holder 7, the flattening punch 11 extrudes the target area of the material belt 15, flattening is completed, the material of the flattening area 17 is extruded, and the material flows towards the pre-cutting direction;
S3, blanking;
The blank holder 7 ejector rod provides blank holder force, the blank holder 7 compresses tightly the material area 15 downwards, blanking convex-concave die 12 moves downwards under the blanking force effect, blanking counter-pressure plate 13 upwards provides counter-pressure, and under the effect of blanking convex-concave die 12, blanking counter-pressure plate 13 moves downwards, and blanking convex-concave die 12 and blanking counter-pressure plate 13 mutually cooperate down to accomplish the blanking to spare part contour, to variable cross-section structure, blanking counter-pressure plate 13 be provided with variable cross-section structure matched with local arch 14.
In the embodiment, the blanking is completed through a progressive die structure, and the process comprises three steps of pre-cutting, flattening and fine blanking.
In the pre-cutting step, the ejector rod of the blank holder 7 provides blank holder force, the blank holder 7 downwards presses the material belt 15 to prevent the material from sliding or wrinkling laterally, the material belt is fixed, the pre-cutting male die 10 downwards moves under the blanking force, the pre-cutting counter plate 9 upwards provides counter pressure, and simultaneously, the pre-cutting counter plate 9 downwards moves under the effect of the pre-cutting male die 10. The pre-cut male die 10 cuts a cavity in the material belt 15, provides a material flowing space for the subsequent flattening process, avoids excessive accumulation of materials in a flattened area, improves forming quality, ensures that enough scrap material exists in blanking after the flattening process, does not damage the step pitch and the conductivity of the material belt, and adopts a conventional fine blanking process structure for the pre-cut blanking structure, so that edge tearing is avoided and the quality of the subsequent flattening process is improved.
In the flattening step, thickness reduction flattening treatment is carried out on the target area on the basis of pre-cutting to form a variable cross-section structure, the variable cross section is flattened, the original thickness is 5mm from the part cross section, the thickness is changed into 3mm, namely the variable cross section, the flattening punch with a preset curved surface shape is used for applying uniform pressure to the variable cross section area, so that the material in the flattening area is extruded, flows in the direction of the pre-cutting, the flattening shape is consistent, the thickness control is accurate, the material flows stably, and the defects of collapse, tearing and the like do not occur.
In the blanking step, the two-cavity part in the stamping method of the local variable cross-section part adopts a staggered interval blanking mode to disperse blanking load, the blank holder 7 ejector rod provides blank holder force, the blank holder 7 downwards presses the material belt 15, and the material is prevented from sliding or wrinkling laterally to fix the material belt. Under the action of the blanking convex-concave die 12, the blanking counter-pressing plate 13 moves downwards, and the blanking convex-concave die 12 and the blanking counter-pressing plate 13 are matched with each other to finish blanking of the appearance outline of the part, so as to finish fine blanking of the final appearance outline of the part. For the variable cross-section structure, the blanking counter plate 13 is provided with local protrusions 14 matched with the variable cross-section structure, so that multi-area uniform stress is realized, the local protrusions 14 on the blanking counter plate 13 support the variable cross-section structure in the vertical direction, in addition, for areas with different thickness, the die 16 is provided with different blanking gaps, gap control and area adaptability adjustment are realized, the blanking gaps of the areas with different thickness of the variable cross-section part are different, the blanking gaps refer to the gaps of the blanking male die 12 and the die 16, and the blanking gaps are supports in the horizontal direction.
According to the embodiment, a material belt 15 is notched through a pre-notch, a cavity is formed on the material belt 15, a material flowing space can be provided for a subsequent flattening process, excessive accumulation of materials in a flattening area 17 is avoided, forming quality is improved, enough scrap materials are ensured when blanking is performed after the flattening process, and meanwhile, the step pitch and the conductivity of the material belt 15 are not damaged;
The method has the advantages that the high-precision integrated forming of the part with the flattening characteristic is realized, the flattening process requirement is introduced on the basis of the traditional fine blanking process, the integrated high-precision forming of the complex geometric shape is realized, the outline of the product is clear, the flatness of the flattening area 17 is high, the technical requirement of high-end equipment manufacturing on a precise special-shaped stamping part is met, the flattening and fine blanking process is integrated into a composite forming process, the process combination mode of firstly cutting and then flattening and finally blanking is adopted, the cooperative forming of the flattening structure and the fine blanking outline is realized on the premise of not increasing additional working procedures, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the processing beat is shortened, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, as shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, in S1 the pre-slit punch 10 is a pre-shaped punch;
Calculating the narrowest width of the punch with the preset shape according to the thickness of the material belt 15, the thickness of the material belt 15 after flattening forming, the area of the flattening forming area and the outline of the flattening area 17, wherein the narrowest width of the punch with the preset shape is larger than the required distance for material flowing;
The distance required by the material flow is calculated by the narrowest width of the punch with preset shape, and the distance (indicated by x in fig. 6) of the pre-cut outline expanding from the outer outline of the finished part is obtained by the distance required by the material flow and the thickness of the flattened and formed material strip 15 and is applied to the pre-cut punch 10.
In this way, the wider the preset shape punch, the better the strength is, the less likely to be damaged, but the more the material strip 15 is cut out, the more the scrap is added, the narrowest width of a proper preset shape punch needs to be calculated, the narrowest area of the preset shape punch needs to ensure a certain width to ensure the subsequent processing, the special narrowing can not be performed for saving materials, the special width can not be performed at the same time, the more the scrap is added, the more the material is added, the most narrow width of the preset shape punch is larger than the required distance for material flow, and the sufficient flow space is ensured for the material in the subsequent flattening process.
According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, as shown in fig. 6, the narrowest width x 2 of the punch with preset shape is calculated by the thickness of the material strip 15, the thickness of the material strip 15 after the flattening forming, the area a of the flattening forming area, and the outline of the flattening area 17, and its calculation formula is as follows:
Where a is the area of the crush forming region, t 1 is the thickness of the web 15, t 2 is the thickness of the web 15 after the crush forming, and l is the outer contour of the crush region 17.
In this way, the narrowest width of the punch with the preset shape is calculated through the thickness of the material belt 15, the thickness of the material belt 15 after flattening forming, the area of the flattening forming area and the outline of the flattening area 17, a systematic incision size calculation method is established, and a design formula of the residual incision size suitable for different plate thicknesses, material strengths and flattening proportion conditions is provided aiming at the influence of the flattening process on the plastic flow behavior of the material.
According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, as shown in fig. 5, the step of calculating the distance required for the material to flow by the narrowest width of the punch with a preset shape is to obtain the distance required for the material to flow by multiplying the narrowest width of the punch with a corresponding proportionality coefficient according to different profiles during the flattening process.
In this embodiment, the pre-cut punch 10 (pre-shaped punch) has a strip-like structure with a zigzag cross-sectional shape;
Thus, in the flattening process, the flowing distance is different for different outline, and the corresponding proportion coefficient is multiplied to ensure enough flowing space. The specific scaling parameters are shown in the following table:
| Convex shape | x1=(0.9~1)x2 |
| Straight line | x1=(0.96~1.005)x2 |
| Concave type | x1=(1~1.1)x2 |
X2 in the table above, the narrowest width of the punch of the preset shape, x 2, found in the above equation, gives the required distance of material flow, x 1.
According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the distance x (the distance denoted by x in fig. 6) by which the pre-cut profile expands from the outer profile of the finished part is obtained by the required distance for material flow and the thickness of the flattened and formed material strip 15, and the calculation formula is:
x=t2+2.5-x1
where x 1 is the distance required for the material to flow.
In the embodiment, a calculation method of the incision size of the system is established, and a design formula of the complementary incision size suitable for different plate thicknesses, material strengths and flattening proportion conditions is provided aiming at the influence of the flattening process on the plastic flow behavior of the material.
In this way, the distance (the distance indicated by x in fig. 6) that the pre-cut outline expands outwards from the outline of the finished part is obtained by the distance required by the material flowing and the thickness of the flattened and formed material belt 15, the outline of the punch with the preset shape keeps deviating from the outline of the finished part, the inner outline size of the punch is consistent with the outline of the finished part, the punch expands outwards, and the pre-cut size is reasonably arranged to form a free boundary, so that the material in the subsequent flattening area 17 flows in a directional manner, and the forming defects such as fracturing, material tearing and the like are avoided.
According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the target area is subjected to a thickness reduction flattening process based on the pre-cut at S2, and in the step of forming the variable cross-section structure,
When the flattening punch 11 is a lower flattening punch 11, the material belt 15 moves downwards along with the blank holder 7 under the action of the blank holder force, the flattening punch 11 is fixed, the blank holder 7 continuously moves downwards, and the material belt 15 is extruded, so that flattening is completed;
When the flattening punch 11 is an upper flattening punch 11, the material belt 15 moves downwards along with the blank holder 7 under the action of the blank holder force, after the material belt 15 contacts the female die 16, the blank holder force fixes the material belt 15, the flattening punch 11 moves downwards under the action of blanking force, and the material belt 15 is extruded, so that flattening is completed.
As shown in fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the flattening punch 11 is a lower flattening punch 11, and both the lower flattening punch 11 and the upper flattening punch 11 are within the scope of the present embodiment.
In this way, depending on the direction of collapse, the ram may be placed above or below, causing the material in the collapse zone 17 to be compressed and flow in the direction of the pre-slit.
According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the target area is subjected to a thickness reduction flattening process based on pre-cut at S2, and in the step of forming the variable cross-section structure, a uniform pressure is applied to the variable cross-section area by a flattening punch 11 of a preset curved shape.
In this way, in the extrusion process, uniform pressure is applied to the variable cross-section area through the flattening punch 11 with a preset curved surface shape, the edge of the flattening punch 11 is provided with corresponding chamfers and transitions, so that uniform transition is realized, defects such as tearing of a part material and the like are avoided, the preset curved surface shape is designed according to the target part 18, the variable cross-section area on the part is uniformly transited, and the defects such as sudden flattening of the part, tearing of the material and the like are avoided.
The technical key points in the embodiment are that a pre-cut design is carried out aiming at a variable cross-section area, the pre-cut is of a central opening structure, the problem of uneven flow of materials during flattening can be effectively relieved, the pre-cut position before flattening is optimally designed, the distance x between the pre-cut contour and the boundary of a final finished product is controlled, and the distance x is a key parameter for ensuring the deformation precision of the flattened materials and the definition of the final contour.
The flattening fine blanking process provided by the application is not only suitable for processing single type parts, but also can be widely applied to manufacturing fine blanking parts with various materials, various plate thicknesses and various complex structures.
The embodiment also relates to a local variable cross-section part stamping die for executing the local variable cross-section part stamping method according to any one of the above, comprising an upper die plate 1, an upper base plate 2, an upper fixing plate 3, a lower fixing plate 4, a lower base plate 5, a lower die plate 6, a blank holder 7, a blank holder 8, a pre-cut punch 10, a pre-cut counter plate 9, a flattening punch 11, a female die 16, a blanking male die 12 and a blanking counter plate 13;
The upper template 1, the upper base plate 2 and the upper fixing plate 3 are arranged from top to bottom along the vertical direction;
the female die 16, the lower fixing plate 4, the lower base plate 5 and the lower template 6 are arranged from top to bottom along the vertical direction;
The blank holder seat 8 is sleeved outside the blank holder 7 and is connected with the blank holder 7, the pre-incision male die 10 is oppositely arranged above the pre-incision counter plate 9, the bottom shape of the pre-incision male die 10 is a preset shape, the flattening punch 11 is arranged behind the pre-incision male die 10 and the production direction of the pre-incision counter plate 9, the blanking male die 12 and the blanking counter plate 13 are arranged behind the production direction of the flattening punch 11, and the blanking male die 12 is oppositely arranged above the blanking counter plate 13.
In this embodiment, the upper die plate 1, the upper backing plate 2, and the upper fixing plate 3 are arranged at the upper half part of the stamping die, the female die 16, the lower fixing plate 4, the lower backing plate 5, and the lower die plate 6 are arranged at the lower half part of the stamping die, the transition plates are arranged above the upper die plate 1 and below the lower die plate 6, the upper and lower table surfaces of the machine tool are provided with oil cylinders for providing counter pressure and edge pressing force, but the size is limited, the range of the oil cylinders is exceeded when the die is too large, the transition plates are needed, which is equivalent to expanding the ejection surface of the oil cylinders for providing counter pressure and edge pressing force by one point, and the principle and structure are conventional technical means;
the blanking press comprises a blank holder 7, a blank holder seat 8, a pre-incision punch 10, a pre-incision counter plate 9, a flattening punch 11, a blanking punch die 12 and a blanking counter plate 13, wherein the blanking counter plate 13 is arranged between an upper fixing plate 3 and a lower fixing plate 4;
In this embodiment, the blank holder further includes a female die 16, a material strip 15 is located between the blank holder 7 and the female die 16, a pre-cut male die 10 and a pre-cut counter plate 9, a flattening punch 11, a blanking male die 12 and a blanking counter plate 13 are sequentially arranged along the production direction, the pre-cut male die 10 and the pre-cut counter plate 9 pre-cut the material strip 15, a cavity, namely a through hole, is cut on the material strip 15, the flattening punch 11 flattens a target area to enable a material to flow in the pre-cut direction, and the pre-cut male die 10 and the pre-cut counter plate 9 realize fine blanking.
In this embodiment, the male die and the female die refer to a die mechanism which plays a role of both a male die and a female die, and the blanking die is a male die and the pre-cut is only a male die.
The stamping die for the local variable cross-section part, disclosed by the application, realizes high-precision integrated forming of the part with flattening characteristics, introduces flattening process requirements on the basis of a traditional fine blanking process, realizes integrated high-precision forming of complex geometric shapes, has clear product contours and high flatness of a flattening area 17, meets the technical requirements of high-end equipment manufacturing on a precision special-shaped stamping part, integrates flattening and fine blanking processes into a composite forming process, adopts a process combination mode of firstly cutting and then flattening and finally blanking, combines a pre-cutting male die 10, a flattening punch 11, a blanking male die 12 and a fine blanking die cooperative working mechanism, realizes cooperative forming of a flattening structure and a fine blanking contour on the premise of not increasing additional working procedures, greatly improves production efficiency, shortens processing beats and reduces manufacturing cost.
According to some embodiments of the application, optionally, the shape of the contact surface of the flattening punch 11 is a preset curved shape.
In this way, the flattening punch 11 with a preset curved surface shape applies uniform pressure to the variable cross-section area, the edge of the flattening punch 11 is provided with corresponding chamfers and transitions, so that uniform transition is realized, defects such as tearing of a part material and the like are avoided, the preset curved surface shape is designed according to the target part 18, the variable cross-section area on the part is uniformly transited, and the defects such as sudden flattening of the part, tearing of the material and the like are avoided.
According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, as shown in fig. 9, the top of the blanking counter plate 13 is provided with a partial protrusion 14 cooperating with the variable cross-section structure.
As shown in fig. 10, in the schematic view of the blanking step, fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view at different angles, in fig. 10, a hole is formed in the middle of the part, the punching hole is upward, and the target part 18 is blanked;
So, be equipped with local protruding 14 back pressure board to the variable cross section region, realize multizone even atress, cooperate the shape and the variable cross section structure of local protruding 14, support the variable cross section structure after flattening, make half processing part can laminate on the back pressure board, realize half processing part stability and blanking power even at real-time blanking in-process.
It should be noted that, although the foregoing embodiments have been described herein, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, based on the innovative concepts of the present invention, alterations and modifications to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by the present description and drawings, apply the above technical solution, directly or indirectly, to other relevant technical fields, all of which are included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN202511144103.XA CN120679897B (en) | 2025-08-15 | 2025-08-15 | Stamping method and stamping die for local variable cross-section part |
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