Ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for cutter ring of shield tunneling machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, in particular to a device and a method for modifying ultrasonic impact surfaces of a cutter ring of a shield machine.
Background
In the shield tunneling process, a cutter head system, particularly a cutter ring at the front end of the cutter head system, bears extremely severe working conditions such as huge thrust and torque, complex and changeable rock-soil medium, severe impact and vibration, high-pressure, moist, slurry flushing and other environments, and is easy to cause the premature failure of the cutter ring and seriously affect the construction progress. Therefore, how to effectively improve the wear resistance, fatigue resistance and overall service life of the cutter ring is a key technical problem of long-term attention in the field of shield construction.
At present, the main technical approach for improving the performance of the cutter ring of the shield tunneling machine focuses on two aspects of material optimization and surface strengthening. The material optimization is mainly realized by developing alloy steel with high strength, high toughness and high wear resistance and optimizing a heat treatment process. However, the improvement of the material performance often faces the problems of high cost, complex process or performance bottleneck. Therefore, the surface strengthening technology is a popular means for prolonging the service life of the cutter ring because of the advantages of effectively improving the surface performance of the material without obviously changing the performance of a matrix, relatively controllable cost and the like.
Ultrasonic impact technology has shown significant advantages in recent years in improving fatigue, wear and stress corrosion resistance of metal components as an emerging cold work surface strengthening technology. However, the application of the ultrasonic impact technology to a special workpiece of a shield tunneling machine cutter ring faces the important challenges which cannot be solved by the prior equipment and technology, namely, firstly, the cutter ring workpiece has a complex shape and a complex three-dimensional curved surface (such as a cutting edge arc, a side surface and the like), and the prior ultrasonic impact equipment is a handheld or small semi-automatic device designed aiming at a flat plate, a welding line or a simple shaft, and lacks the capability of self-adaptive clamping, accurate positioning and continuous impact following of a large annular curved surface workpiece. Secondly, the existing equipment has low automation degree, relies on experience of operators, has extremely low manual operation efficiency, poor consistency and high labor intensity for knife rings which need to be subjected to full-coverage and uniform impact treatment on an annular curved surface, and completely does not have feasibility of engineering application. Finally, the stability of the manual operation process parameters is low, key process parameters such as frequency, moving speed of an impact head, impact angle and the like are extremely sensitive to manual operation, and are difficult to keep constant on a complex curved surface, so that the fluctuation of the treatment effect is large.
Therefore, a special device capable of realizing high-efficiency, high-quality and full-automatic ultrasonic impact surface modification of the cutter ring of the shield machine is needed in the market, so that the service life of the cutter ring is remarkably prolonged, the shield construction cost is reduced, and the engineering progress and safety are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for modifying ultrasonic impact surfaces of a cutter ring of a shield machine, which solve the problems of the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an ultrasonic impact surface modification device for a cutter ring of a shield machine, which comprises an ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism, a cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism and a machine tool body, wherein the machine tool body comprises a machine tool base and a main shaft, the cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism is arranged on the main shaft, and the ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism is arranged on the machine tool base;
the ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism comprises a Y-direction transmission mechanism, a swinging mechanism, a pressing mechanism and an X-direction transmission mechanism;
The cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism comprises a mandrel, a cutter ring and a positioning block are arranged above the mandrel, the positioning block is arranged on one side of the cutter ring, a gasket is arranged on the other side of the cutter ring, and the gasket is sleeved on the mandrel;
The cutter ring is provided with a plurality of inner rings, the fixed block is correspondingly provided with a plurality of connecting holes, a spring is arranged in each connecting hole, the inner rings are penetrated by an elastic taper sleeve, and the elastic taper sleeve is connected with the spring;
The mandrel is also sleeved with a nut, the nut is arranged on one side of the gasket, and the other side of the gasket is tightly propped against the elastic taper sleeve.
Preferably, the Y-direction transmission mechanism comprises a first motor, a first coupling and a first screw rod, the first screw rod is arranged on a first bottom plate, the first motor is arranged at one end of the first bottom plate, the first motor is connected with one end of the first screw rod through the first coupling, and the other end of the first screw rod is rotatably connected with the other end of the first bottom plate;
the first screw rod is connected with a first screw rod pair through threads.
Preferably, the X-direction transmission mechanism comprises a second motor, a second coupler and a second screw rod, the second screw rod is arranged on a second bottom plate, the second motor is arranged at one end of the second bottom plate, the second motor is connected with one end of the second screw rod through the second coupler, the other end of the second screw rod is rotationally connected to the other end of the second bottom plate, and the second bottom plate is fixedly connected with the first screw rod pair;
the second screw is connected with a second screw pair through threads, and the second screw pair is fixedly connected with a transmission carrying platform.
Preferably, the swing mechanism comprises a first carrying platform, a first stepping motor, a worm and a turbine, wherein the turbine is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first carrying platform, the turbine is meshed with the worm, one end of the worm is connected with the first stepping motor, and the first stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the transmission carrying platform.
Preferably, the compressing mechanism comprises an ultrasonic impact head and an air cylinder, the air cylinder is arranged at the rear end of the first carrying platform, and the ultrasonic impact head is arranged at the front end of the first carrying platform.
Preferably, the connecting holes and the inner ring are all three and uniformly distributed along the circumference.
Preferably, the elastic taper sleeve is provided with a notch and a semicircular hole.
A method for modifying the ultrasonic impact surface of a cutter ring of a shield tunneling machine comprises the following steps:
S1, sleeving a cutter ring on an elastic taper sleeve, enabling the left end face of the cutter ring to abut against a positioning block, sleeving a gasket on a mandrel, abutting against the right end face of the elastic taper sleeve, screwing a nut, pressing the elastic taper sleeve into the inner ring of the cutter ring, and expanding the cutter ring by the elastic taper sleeve to realize positioning and clamping of the cutter ring;
S2, driving a first screw rod through a first motor to drive an X-direction transmission mechanism to move along a Y direction, and further driving an ultrasonic impact head to move in a feeding manner along the Y direction; the worm is driven by the first stepping motor to drive the turbine to swing, so that the first carrying platform is driven to swing around the Z axis, and the ultrasonic impact head is driven to swing around the Z axis;
And S3, starting an air cylinder in the compressing device to enable a piston rod of the air cylinder to extend out, and enabling output thrust to act on the ultrasonic impact head to compress the ultrasonic impact head and the surface of the cutter ring.
Therefore, the ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for the shield machine cutter ring have the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the elastic taper sleeve and the three springs distributed in the circumferential direction are adopted to realize the positioning and clamping of the cutter ring, so that the self-adaptive clamping of a large annular workpiece can be realized.
(2) The elastic taper sleeve designed by the invention is provided with the notch and the axial semicircular hole, so that the elasticity of the elastic taper sleeve is improved, and the quick loosening and clamping of the cutter ring are realized.
(3) According to the invention, the stepping motor is adopted to drive the worm and gear mechanism, so that the ultrasonic impact head swings at a certain angle, the ultrasonic impact head and the surface of the cutter ring are ensured to be kept in a vertical state, and the accurate positioning and continuous impact following capabilities of the ultrasonic impact head are improved.
(4) The invention adopts the air cylinder to output thrust, so as to keep the close contact between the ultrasonic impact head and the surface layer of the cutter ring and ensure the uniformity and stability of the ultrasonic impact effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a shield tunneling machine cutter ring ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the swing of an ultrasonic impact head of a shield tunneling machine cutter ring ultrasonic impact surface modifying device and method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism of a shield tunneling machine cutter ring ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism of the shield tunneling machine cutter ring ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an elastic taper sleeve of the shield tunneling machine cutter ring ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method of the present invention;
Reference numeral 1, an ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism; 11, Y-direction transmission mechanism, 12, swinging mechanism, 13, pressing mechanism, 14, X-direction transmission mechanism, 111, first motor, 112, first coupling, 113, first screw rod, 121, first carrying platform, 122, first stepping motor, 123, worm, 124, turbine, 131, ultrasonic impact head, 132, cylinder, 141, second screw rod, 142, second coupling, 143, second motor, 2, machine tool body, 3, knife ring positioning and clamping mechanism, 31, mandrel, 32, positioning block, 33, spring, 34, knife ring, 35, elastic taper sleeve, 36, gasket, 37, nut, 351, gap, 352, semicircle orifice, 4, transmission carrying platform.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below through the attached drawings and the embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-5, the invention provides an ultrasonic impact surface modification device for a cutter ring 34 of a shield machine, which comprises an ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism 1, a cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism 3 and a machine tool body 2, wherein the machine tool body 2 comprises a machine tool base and a main shaft, the cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism 3 is arranged on the main shaft, and the ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism 1 is arranged on the machine tool base. The ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism 1 comprises a Y-direction transmission mechanism 11, a swinging mechanism 12, a pressing mechanism 13 and an X-direction transmission mechanism 14.
The Y-direction transmission mechanism 11 includes a first motor 111, a first coupling 112, and a first screw 113, the first screw 113 is disposed on the first base plate, the first motor 111 is disposed at one end of the first base plate, and the first motor 111 is connected to one end of the first screw 113 through the first coupling 112, and the other end of the first screw 113 is rotatably connected to the other end of the first base plate. The first screw 113 is connected to a first screw pair by screw threads.
The X-direction transmission mechanism 14 includes a second motor 143, a second coupling 142 and a second screw 141, the second screw 141 is disposed on the second bottom plate, the second motor 143 is disposed at one end of the second bottom plate, and the second motor 143 is connected with one end of the second screw 141 through the second coupling 142, the other end of the second screw 141 is rotatably connected to the other end of the second bottom plate, and the second bottom plate is fixedly connected with the first screw pair. The second screw 141 is connected with a second screw pair through threads, and the second screw pair is fixedly connected with a transmission carrying platform 4.
The transverse feeding and the longitudinal feeding of the ultrasonic impact head 131 can be realized through two sets of ball screw mechanisms of the X-direction transmission mechanism 14 and the Y-direction transmission mechanism 11, and the relative positions of the impact head and the cutter ring 34 are adjusted.
The swing mechanism 12 comprises a first carrying platform 121, a first stepping motor 122, a worm 123 and a turbine 124, the turbine 124 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first carrying platform 121, the turbine 124 is in meshed connection with the worm 123, one end of the worm 123 is connected with the first stepping motor 122, and the first stepping motor 122 is fixedly arranged on the transmission carrying platform 4. The angle swing of the ultrasonic impact head 131 is realized through the swing mechanism 12, the omnibearing coverage of ultrasonic impact on the surface layer of the cutter ring 34 is obtained, and the ultrasonic impact head 131 swings within a certain angle range by the swing mechanism 12 so as to adapt to an irregular curved surface on the surface layer of the cutter ring 34, and the impact head is ensured to be vertical to a complex curved surface at any moment.
The pressing mechanism 13 and the swinging mechanism 12 are placed in a stacked manner in the vertical direction. The compressing mechanism 13 comprises an ultrasonic impact head 131 and an air cylinder 132, the air cylinder 132 is arranged at the rear end of the first carrying platform 121, and the ultrasonic impact head 131 is arranged at the front end of the first carrying platform 121. When the ultrasonic impact head 131 moves to any position on the surface layer of the cutter ring 34, the air cylinder 132 outputs thrust to keep the ultrasonic impact head 131 and the surface layer of the cutter ring 34 in a compressed state, so that uniformity and stability of ultrasonic impact are ensured.
The cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism 3 comprises a mandrel 31, a cutter ring 34 and a positioning block 32 are arranged above the mandrel 31, the positioning block 32 is arranged on one side of the cutter ring 34, a gasket 36 is arranged on the other side of the cutter ring 34, and the gasket is sleeved on the mandrel 31. The cutter ring 34 is provided with a plurality of inner rings, the fixed block is correspondingly provided with a plurality of connecting holes, each connecting hole is internally provided with a spring 33, the inner rings are penetrated by the elastic taper sleeve 35, the elastic taper sleeve 35 is connected with the springs 33, and the elastic taper sleeve 35 is provided with a notch 351 and a semicircular hole 352, so that the cutter ring 34 can be clamped and loosened rapidly. The mandrel 31 is also sleeved with a nut 37, the nut 37 is arranged on one side of the gasket 36, and the other side of the gasket 36 is tightly propped against the elastic taper sleeve 35. The connecting holes and the inner ring are all three, and are uniformly distributed along the circumference, so that the elastic taper sleeve 35 is rapidly ejected.
A method for an ultrasonic impact surface modification device of a cutter ring 34 of a shield tunneling machine, comprising the following steps:
S1, sleeving a cutter ring 34 on an elastic taper sleeve 35, sleeving a gasket 36 on a mandrel 31, tightly sleeving the gasket 36 on the right end surface of the elastic taper sleeve 35, screwing a nut 37, pressing the elastic taper sleeve 35 into the inner ring of the cutter ring 34, and expanding the cutter ring 34 by the elastic taper sleeve 35 to realize positioning and clamping of the cutter ring 34;
Step S2, driving a first screw rod 113 through a first motor 111 to drive an X-direction transmission mechanism 14 to move along a Y-direction and further drive an ultrasonic impact head 131 to move in a Y-direction, driving a second screw rod 141 through a second motor 143 to drive a first carrying platform 121 to move along the X-direction and further drive the ultrasonic impact head 131 to move in the X-direction, driving a worm 123 through a first stepping motor 122 to drive a turbine 124 to swing, and further driving the first carrying platform 121 to swing around a Z-axis and further driving the ultrasonic impact head 131 to swing around the Z-axis so as to ensure that the ultrasonic impact head 131 and the surface of a cutter ring 34 are kept in a vertical state;
and S3, starting the air cylinder 132 in the pressing device to enable a piston rod of the air cylinder 132 to extend, and outputting a pushing force to act on the ultrasonic impact head 131 to press the ultrasonic impact head 131 against the surface of the cutter ring 34.
The ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for the cutter ring of the shield machine are characterized in that the elastic taper sleeve is provided with a notch and an axial semicircular hole, the elasticity of the elastic taper sleeve is improved, the cutter ring is rapidly loosened and clamped, the worm and gear mechanism is driven by the stepping motor, the ultrasonic impact head swings at a certain angle, the ultrasonic impact head and the surface of the cutter ring are kept in a vertical state, the accurate positioning and continuous impact following capacity of the ultrasonic impact head are improved, the thrust force is output by the air cylinder, the tight contact between the ultrasonic impact head and the surface layer of the cutter ring is kept, and the uniformity and stability of the ultrasonic impact effect are ensured.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted by the same, and the modified or substituted technical solution may not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.