CN120085649A - Intelligent unmanned forklift system and method based on visual navigation - Google Patents

Intelligent unmanned forklift system and method based on visual navigation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN120085649A
CN120085649A CN202510212936.9A CN202510212936A CN120085649A CN 120085649 A CN120085649 A CN 120085649A CN 202510212936 A CN202510212936 A CN 202510212936A CN 120085649 A CN120085649 A CN 120085649A
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module
pedestrian
forklift
intelligent unmanned
image
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李增扬
姚发青
徐海云
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Suzhou Xingzhiyang Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Xingzhiyang Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/40Control within particular dimensions
    • G05D1/43Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/20Control system inputs
    • G05D1/24Arrangements for determining position or orientation
    • G05D1/242Means based on the reflection of waves generated by the vehicle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/20Control system inputs
    • G05D1/24Arrangements for determining position or orientation
    • G05D1/243Means capturing signals occurring naturally from the environment, e.g. ambient optical, acoustic, gravitational or magnetic signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/20Control system inputs
    • G05D1/24Arrangements for determining position or orientation
    • G05D1/247Arrangements for determining position or orientation using signals provided by artificial sources external to the vehicle, e.g. navigation beacons
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/60Intended control result
    • G05D1/617Safety or protection, e.g. defining protection zones around obstacles or avoiding hazards
    • G05D1/622Obstacle avoidance
    • G05D1/633Dynamic obstacles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/60Intended control result
    • G05D1/644Optimisation of travel parameters, e.g. of energy consumption, journey time or distance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/60Intended control result
    • G05D1/648Performing a task within a working area or space, e.g. cleaning

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent unmanned forklifts, in particular to an intelligent unmanned forklifts system and method based on visual navigation, comprising a forklift main body module, a binocular vision module, an image preprocessing unit, a binocular vision distance module, a track prediction module, a pedestrian area detection module, a pedestrian area center calculation module and an obstacle avoidance module, wherein the image preprocessing unit is connected with the binocular vision module, the binocular vision distance module is connected with the image preprocessing unit, the track prediction module is connected with the binocular range prediction module, and the pedestrian rectangular area detection module is connected with the track prediction module, so that the technical problems that in the prior art, when an intelligent unmanned forklift system adopts a single sensor to navigate, in a complex environment, the performance is limited, the positioning accuracy is reduced and even safety accidents are possibly caused are solved.

Description

Intelligent unmanned forklift system and method based on visual navigation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent unmanned forklifts, in particular to an intelligent unmanned forklift system and method based on visual navigation.
Background
Along with the vigorous development of the logistics storage industry, automation and intelligence become important forces for promoting transformation and upgrading of the industry. The intelligent unmanned forklift is used as a key ring of an automatic logistics solution, is increasingly widely applied, and brings unprecedented efficiency improvement for warehouse operation. The unmanned forklift can autonomously finish tasks such as carrying and stacking of cargoes under the unmanned condition, so that the manpower burden is greatly reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, and in the use process of the intelligent unmanned forklift, the navigation system of the intelligent unmanned forklift is vital, and the navigation system mainly depends on sensors such as a laser radar and an ultrasonic sensor.
However, when a single sensor such as a laser radar and an ultrasonic sensor is used for navigation, performance is limited in a complex environment such as light change, shielding existence and the like, so that positioning accuracy is reduced, and even safety accidents can be possibly caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent unmanned forklift system and method based on visual navigation, and aims to solve the technical problems that when the intelligent unmanned forklift system in the prior art adopts a single sensor for navigation, the performance is limited in a complex environment such as light change, the existence of a shielding object and the like, the positioning accuracy is reduced, and even safety accidents are possibly caused.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation comprises a forklift main body module, a binocular vision module, an image preprocessing unit, a binocular vision distance module, a track prediction module, a pedestrian area detection module, a pedestrian area center calculation module and an obstacle avoidance module, wherein the binocular vision module is arranged on the forklift main body module, the image preprocessing unit is connected with the binocular vision module, the binocular vision distance module is connected with the image preprocessing unit, the track prediction module is connected with the binocular vision distance module, the pedestrian rectangular area detection module is connected with the track prediction module, the pedestrian center calculation module is connected with the pedestrian rectangular area detection module, and the obstacle avoidance module is connected with the pedestrian area center calculation module;
The forklift body module is used as a carrier and used for executing physical tasks such as carrying and stacking;
the binocular vision module is used for providing stereoscopic vision perception and providing basic data for subsequent image processing and ranging;
the image preprocessing unit receives the image information captured by the binocular vision module and performs preprocessing to improve the image quality;
the binocular distance measuring module calculates the accurate distance of objects in the environment by utilizing the binocular vision principle and combining the preprocessed image information;
the track prediction module predicts the motion track of an object in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular distance measurement module, and provides data support for obstacle avoidance decision of the forklift main body module;
the pedestrian region detection module is used for detecting a pedestrian region in the image, marking the pedestrian region as a rectangular frame, and simultaneously transmitting the rectangular frame to the pedestrian region center calculation module to calculate the center point position of the pedestrian region;
The obstacle avoidance module receives the position information of the center point of the pedestrian, judges whether the forklift needs to avoid the pedestrian or not, and formulates a corresponding obstacle avoidance strategy.
The image preprocessing unit comprises a data collection module, a denoising module, a contrast enhancement module, an edge detection module and an image output module, wherein the data collection module is connected with the binocular vision module, the denoising module is connected with the data collection module and the contrast enhancement module, the edge detection module is connected with the contrast enhancement module, and the image output module is connected with the edge detection module.
The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation further comprises an environment sensing module, wherein the environment sensing module is also arranged on the forklift main body module;
The environment sensing module adopts an environment sensing sensor, such as a laser radar or an ultrasonic sensor, and works cooperatively with the binocular vision module to further improve the sensing capability of complex environments.
The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation further comprises a path planning module, and the path planning module is connected with the obstacle avoidance module.
The pedestrian region center calculating module is based on a GhostNet improved Yolov pedestrian detection algorithm, and meanwhile, the pedestrian region center calculating module is used for carrying out pedestrian region center calculation by combining a target detection and segmentation method.
GhostNet is a lightweight neural network structure, by introducing lightweight convolution operation, the computational complexity of the model is reduced, and meanwhile, the detection precision is maintained. By integrating GhostNet in the Yolov model, pedestrian detection and segmentation are performed using the model.
And then, accurately dividing the detected pedestrian area to calculate the center position of the pedestrian, so that the accuracy and the instantaneity of dynamic obstacle avoidance can be improved, the system can better understand the position and the behavior of the pedestrian in the environment, and a more reasonable obstacle avoidance decision can be made.
The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation further comprises an interaction module and an operation end, wherein the interaction module is connected with the obstacle avoidance module, and the operation end is connected with the interaction module.
The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation further comprises an adaptive optimization module, and the adaptive optimization module is connected with the path planning module.
The self-adaptive optimization module adopts an improved self-Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) and is specially used for path planning and scheduling of the unmanned forklift in a complex environment. Through a plurality of technical innovation points, the limitation of the traditional genetic algorithm in practical application is solved, so that the genetic algorithm can be efficiently operated in a multi-target and multi-constraint dynamic environment.
The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation further comprises a safety monitoring module, wherein the safety monitoring module is also installed on the forklift main body module;
The monitoring module is used for monitoring the running state and the surrounding environment of the forklift in real time, and immediately giving an alarm and taking corresponding safety measures once an abnormal condition is detected.
The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation further comprises a cooperative operation module, and the cooperative operation module is connected with the forklift main body module.
The invention also provides a using method of the intelligent unmanned forklift based on visual navigation, which is applied to the intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation,
The method comprises the following steps:
utilizing the binocular vision module arranged on the forklift main body module to perform stereoscopic vision perception on the surrounding environment and capturing image information;
The image preprocessing unit receives the image information captured by the binocular vision module, and performs preprocessing to improve the image quality;
the binocular distance measuring module calculates the accurate distance of objects in the environment by utilizing the binocular vision principle and combining the preprocessed image information;
The track prediction module predicts the motion track of an object in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular distance measurement module, meanwhile, the pedestrian area detection module detects the pedestrian area in the image, marks the pedestrian area as a rectangular frame, and simultaneously transmits the rectangular frame to the pedestrian area center calculation module to calculate the center point position of the pedestrian area;
The obstacle avoidance module receives the position information of the center point of the pedestrian, judges whether the forklift needs to avoid the pedestrian, formulates a corresponding obstacle avoidance strategy, and controls the forklift main body module to execute obstacle avoidance operation.
The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation and the method thereof are characterized in that when the intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation is specifically used, the binocular vision module arranged on the forklift main body module is utilized to sense stereoscopic vision of surrounding environment and capture image information, the image preprocessing unit receives the image information captured by the binocular vision module and performs preprocessing, image quality is improved, the binocular vision distance module utilizes binocular vision principle and combines the preprocessed image information to calculate the accurate distance of objects in the environment, the track prediction module predicts the movement track of the objects in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular vision distance module, meanwhile, the pedestrian area detection module detects the pedestrian area in the image and marks the pedestrian area as a rectangular frame, meanwhile, the pedestrian area central point position is calculated by the pedestrian area central calculation module, the obstacle avoidance module receives the pedestrian central point position information, judges whether the pedestrian is required to be avoided or not, and controls the forklift main body module to execute obstacle avoidance operation, and accordingly the problems that when the intelligent unmanned forklift system in the prior art adopts a single sensor to conduct the obstacle avoidance environment, the situation that the complex environment is hidden, the situation of the intelligent unmanned forklift system can be reduced in the prior art, and even the problem that the light is limited in the positioning accuracy can be caused by the fact that the light is changed can be caused.
According to the invention, by introducing the binocular vision module and combining the image preprocessing unit and the binocular distance measuring module, the stereoscopic perception of the surrounding environment can be realized. Compared with a single sensor, the binocular vision system can provide richer depth information and more accurate distance measurement, effectively changes light, and the existence of shielding objects in complex environments, and obviously improves the navigation precision and stability of the forklift in complex scenes.
The pedestrian region detection module and the pedestrian region center calculation module are added, so that the system can detect and track the pedestrian position in real time, and accurately calculate the center position of the pedestrian region. This function is critical to ensuring pedestrian safety, especially in dense or dynamically changing traffic scenarios. By combining the obstacle avoidance module, the system can plan an obstacle avoidance path in advance, effectively avoid potential collision with pedestrians, and greatly improve safety.
The track prediction module predicts the motion track of pedestrians and obstacles and provides a more distant view and a more accurate decision basis for the forklift. The method is favorable for making more reasonable path planning and speed control in a complex environment, reduces sudden stop or detouring caused by emergency and improves the working efficiency.
Through the cooperation of multiple modules, the self-adaptive adjustment of environmental changes is realized. The system can keep higher navigation precision and obstacle avoidance capability through the mutual coordination of the modules no matter the light intensity, the shielding condition or the uncertainty of pedestrian behaviors, and the robustness and the adaptability of the system are enhanced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
The system comprises a 101-forklift main body module, a 102-binocular vision module, a 103-image preprocessing unit, a 104-binocular range module, a 105-track prediction module, a 106-pedestrian region detection module, a 107-pedestrian region center calculation module, a 108-obstacle avoidance module, a 109-environment perception module, a 110-path planning module, a 111-data collection module, a 112-denoising module, a 113-contrast enhancement module, a 114-edge detection module, a 115-image output module, a 201-interaction module, a 202-operation end, a 203-adaptive optimization module, a 204-safety monitoring module, a 205-collaborative operation module, a 206-energy management module and a 207-login verification module.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and, by way of example, are intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting, of the invention.
The first embodiment of the application is as follows:
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides an intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation, which comprises a forklift main body module 101, a binocular visual module 102, an image preprocessing unit 103, a binocular visual distance module 104, a track prediction module 105, a pedestrian area detection module 106, a pedestrian area center calculation module 107, an obstacle avoidance module 108, an environment perception module 109 and a path planning module 110, wherein the image preprocessing unit 103 comprises a data collection module 111, a denoising module 112, a contrast enhancement module 113, an edge detection module 114 and an image output module 115.
For the present embodiment, the forklift body module 101 is used as a carrier for performing physical tasks such as handling and stacking;
the binocular vision module 102 is used for providing stereoscopic vision perception and providing basic data for subsequent image processing and ranging;
the image preprocessing unit 103 receives the image information captured by the binocular vision module 102, and performs preprocessing to improve the image quality;
the binocular distance measuring module 104 calculates the accurate distance of objects in the environment by utilizing the binocular vision principle and combining the preprocessed image information;
the track prediction module 105 predicts the motion track of the object in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular distance measurement module 104, and provides data support for the obstacle avoidance decision of the forklift main body module 101;
The pedestrian region detection module 106 is configured to detect a pedestrian region in the image, mark the pedestrian region as a rectangular frame, and transmit the rectangular frame to the pedestrian region center calculation module 107 to calculate a center point position of the pedestrian region;
The obstacle avoidance module 108 receives the position information of the center point of the pedestrian, judges whether the forklift needs to avoid the pedestrian, and formulates a corresponding obstacle avoidance strategy.
The system comprises a fork truck main body module 101, an image preprocessing unit 103, a binocular vision module 102, a track prediction module 105, a pedestrian rectangular area detection module, a pedestrian center calculation module, a pedestrian rectangular area detection module, a obstacle avoidance module 108 and a pedestrian area center calculation module 107, wherein the binocular vision module 102 is arranged on the fork truck main body module 101, the image preprocessing unit 103 is connected with the image preprocessing unit 103, the track prediction module 105 is connected with the binocular vision module 104, the pedestrian rectangular area detection module is connected with the track prediction module 105, the pedestrian center calculation module is connected with the pedestrian rectangular area detection module, and the obstacle avoidance module 108 is connected with the pedestrian area center calculation module 107; the image preprocessing unit 103 receives and preprocesses the image information captured by the binocular vision module 102 to improve the image quality, the binocular vision distance module 104 calculates the accurate distance of objects in the environment by combining the preprocessed image information by utilizing the binocular vision principle, the track prediction module 105 predicts the motion track of the objects in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular vision distance module 104, the pedestrian area detection module 106 detects the pedestrian area in the image and marks the pedestrian area as a rectangular frame and simultaneously transmits the pedestrian area to the pedestrian area center calculation module 107 to calculate the center point position of the pedestrian area, the obstacle avoidance module 108 receives the pedestrian center point position information to judge whether the forklift needs to avoid pedestrians and formulates a corresponding obstacle avoidance strategy to control the forklift main body module 101 to execute obstacle avoidance operation, so that when the intelligent unmanned forklift system in the prior art adopts a single sensor to navigate, in a complex environment, such as light change, the existence of a shielding object and the like, the performance can be limited, so that the positioning accuracy is reduced, and even the technical problem of safety accidents can be caused.
Secondly, the data collection module 111 is connected with the binocular vision module 102, the denoising module 112 is connected with the data collection module 111 and the contrast enhancement module 113, the edge detection module 114 is connected with the contrast enhancement module 113, and the image output module 115 is connected with the edge detection module 114;
The data collection module 111, the denoising module 112, the contrast enhancement module 113, the edge detection module 114 and the image output module 115 inside the image preprocessing unit 103 form a closely connected processing chain. The modules are integrated through a high-efficiency algorithm, so that the rapid circulation and the accurate processing of the image data are realized. The denoising algorithm effectively filters image noise, the contrast enhancement algorithm remarkably improves the visualization degree of image details, and the edge detection algorithm accurately captures key edge information in the image. The high-efficiency integration of the algorithm not only improves the real-time performance of image processing, but also ensures the accuracy of the processing result.
The denoising module 112, the contrast enhancement module 113 and the edge detection module 114 in the present invention all adopt adaptive algorithm design. The denoising algorithm can carry out intelligent adjustment according to the characteristics of image noise, so that effective removal of noise is realized without losing image details. The contrast enhancement algorithm can adaptively adjust the images under different illumination conditions, so that the images can be ensured to show clear details in various environments. The edge detection algorithm also has self-adaptive capability, can accurately identify edge characteristics in an image, and can keep higher detection precision even in a complex or blurred image.
Meanwhile, the environment sensing module 109 is also mounted on the forklift body module 101;
the environment sensing module 109 employs an environment sensing sensor, such as a lidar or an ultrasonic sensor, to cooperate with the binocular vision module 102 to further enhance the sensing capability of complex environments.
In addition, the path planning module 110 is connected to the obstacle avoidance module 108, and the path planning module 110 is responsible for planning an optimal or suboptimal driving path for the forklift according to the current environmental information and task requirements in combination with the obstacle avoidance route of the obstacle avoidance module 108.
The pedestrian region center calculating module 107 is based on GhostNet modified Yolov8 pedestrian detection algorithm, and performs pedestrian region center calculation by combining the target detection and segmentation method.
GhostNet is a lightweight neural network structure, by introducing lightweight convolution operation, the computational complexity of the model is reduced, and meanwhile, the detection precision is maintained. By integrating GhostNet in the Yolov model, pedestrian detection and segmentation are performed using the model.
And then, accurately dividing the detected pedestrian area to calculate the center position of the pedestrian, so that the accuracy and the instantaneity of dynamic obstacle avoidance can be improved, the system can better understand the position and the behavior of the pedestrian in the environment, and a more reasonable obstacle avoidance decision can be made.
When the intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation is specifically used, the binocular vision module 102 arranged on the forklift main body module 101 is utilized to sense stereoscopic vision of surrounding environment and capture image information, the image preprocessing unit 103 receives the image information captured by the binocular vision module 102 and carries out preprocessing to improve image quality, the binocular vision distance module 104 utilizes binocular vision principles and combines the preprocessed image information to calculate the accurate distance of objects in the environment, the track prediction module 105 predicts the motion track of the objects in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular vision distance module 104, meanwhile, the pedestrian area detection module 106 detects the pedestrian area in the image and marks the pedestrian area as a rectangular frame, and meanwhile, the pedestrian area central point position calculation module 107 calculates the central point position of the pedestrian area, the obstacle avoidance module 108 receives the pedestrian central point position information, judges whether to avoid pedestrians and formulates a corresponding obstacle avoidance strategy, and controls the forklift main body module 101 to execute obstacle avoidance operation, so that the intelligent sensor in the prior art is adopted to avoid the obstacle avoidance operation, and even the problem that the accuracy of the forklift can be reduced when the intelligent sensor in the prior art is adopted, the intelligent unmanned forklift system is used, and the problem of the situation of lowering the accuracy can be solved, such as the situation that the light is caused by the environment is complex, and the problem is solved.
The second embodiment of the application is:
On the basis of the first embodiment, please refer to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides an intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation, which further comprises an interaction module 201, an operation end 202, a self-adaptive optimization module 203, a safety monitoring module 204, a cooperative operation module 205, an energy management module 206 and a login verification module 207.
For this embodiment, the interaction module 201 is connected to the obstacle avoidance module 108, the operation end 202 is connected to the interaction module 201, and the operation end 202 is used for a manager to use, so that the obstacle avoidance module 108 can be managed through the interaction module 201.
Wherein the adaptive optimization module 203 is connected with the path planning module 110.
The adaptive optimization module 203 adopts an improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) and is specially used for path planning and scheduling of the unmanned forklift in a complex environment. Through a plurality of technical innovation points, the limitation of the traditional genetic algorithm in practical application is solved, so that the genetic algorithm can be efficiently operated in a multi-target and multi-constraint dynamic environment.
Second, the safety monitoring module 204 is also mounted on the forklift body module 101;
The monitoring module is used for monitoring the running state and the surrounding environment of the forklift in real time, and immediately giving an alarm and taking corresponding safety measures once an abnormal condition is detected.
Again, the cooperative operation module 205 is connected with the forklift main body module 101, and the cooperative control module is used for being connected with other forklifts, so as to realize cooperative operation, and further promote obstacle avoidance and path planning.
Finally, the energy management module 206 is connected to the forklift main body module 101, the verification login module is implanted in the operation end 202, the energy consumption of the forklift main body module 101 can be managed by setting the energy management module 206, and the identity of a manager logging in the operation end 202 can be verified by the verification login module.
The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation in this embodiment is used, the operation end 202 is used for a manager to use, the obstacle avoidance module 108 can be managed through the interaction module 201, and when the intelligent unmanned forklift system is specifically used, the adaptive optimization module 203 adopts an improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) and is specially used for path planning and scheduling of an unmanned forklift in a complex environment. Through a plurality of technical innovation points, the limitation of the traditional genetic algorithm in practical application is solved, the traditional genetic algorithm can operate efficiently in a multi-target and multi-constraint dynamic environment, the energy consumption of the forklift main body module 101 can be managed through the energy management module 206, and the identity of a manager logging in the operation end 202 can be verified through the verification logging module.
The invention also provides a using method of the intelligent unmanned forklift based on visual navigation, which is applied to the intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation,
The method comprises the following steps:
Utilizing the binocular vision module 102 installed on the forklift main body module 101 to perform stereoscopic vision perception on the surrounding environment, and capturing image information;
the image preprocessing unit 103 receives the image information captured by the binocular vision module 102, and performs preprocessing to improve the image quality;
the binocular distance measuring module 104 calculates the accurate distance of objects in the environment by utilizing the binocular vision principle and combining the preprocessed image information;
The track prediction module 105 predicts the motion track of an object in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular distance measurement module 104, meanwhile, the pedestrian area detection module 106 detects the pedestrian area in the image, marks the pedestrian area as a rectangular frame, and simultaneously transmits the rectangular frame to the pedestrian area center calculation module 107 to calculate the center point position of the pedestrian area;
The obstacle avoidance module 108 receives the position information of the center point of the pedestrian, determines whether the forklift needs to avoid the pedestrian, and makes a corresponding obstacle avoidance strategy to control the forklift main body module 101 to execute the obstacle avoidance operation.
By introducing the binocular vision module 102 and combining the image preprocessing unit 103 and the binocular distance module 104, the stereoscopic perception of the surrounding environment can be realized. Compared with a single sensor, the binocular vision system can provide richer depth information and more accurate distance measurement, effectively changes light, and the existence of shielding objects in complex environments, and obviously improves the navigation precision and stability of the forklift in complex scenes.
The addition of the pedestrian area detection module 106 and the pedestrian area center calculation module 107 enables the system to detect and track the pedestrian position in real time, and accurately calculate the center position of the pedestrian area. This function is critical to ensuring pedestrian safety, especially in dense or dynamically changing traffic scenarios. In combination with the obstacle avoidance module 108, the system can plan an obstacle avoidance path in advance, effectively avoid potential collision with pedestrians, and greatly improve safety.
The track prediction module 105 provides a more distant view and a more accurate decision basis for the forklift by predicting the motion track of pedestrians and obstacles. The method is favorable for making more reasonable path planning and speed control in a complex environment, reduces sudden stop or detouring caused by emergency and improves the working efficiency.
Through the cooperation of multiple modules, the self-adaptive adjustment of environmental changes is realized. The system can keep higher navigation precision and obstacle avoidance capability through the mutual coordination of the modules no matter the light intensity, the shielding condition or the uncertainty of pedestrian behaviors, and the robustness and the adaptability of the system are enhanced.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the procedures described above can be performed according to the equivalent changes of the claims, and still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,1. An intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation, characterized in that: 包括叉车主体模块、双目视觉模块、图像预处理单元、双目测距模块、轨迹预测模块、行人区域检测模块、行人区域中心计算模块和避障模块,所述双目视觉模块安装在所述叉车主体模块上,所述图像预处理单元与所述双目视觉模块连接,所述双目测距模块与所述图像预处理单元连接,所述轨迹预测模块与所述双目测距模块连接,所述行人矩形区域检测模块与所述轨迹预测模块连接,所述行人中心计算模块与所述行人矩形区域检测模块连接,所述避障模块与所述行人区域中心计算模块连接;It includes a forklift body module, a binocular vision module, an image preprocessing unit, a binocular ranging module, a trajectory prediction module, a pedestrian area detection module, a pedestrian area center calculation module and an obstacle avoidance module, wherein the binocular vision module is installed on the forklift body module, the image preprocessing unit is connected to the binocular vision module, the binocular ranging module is connected to the image preprocessing unit, the trajectory prediction module is connected to the binocular ranging module, the pedestrian rectangular area detection module is connected to the trajectory prediction module, the pedestrian center calculation module is connected to the pedestrian rectangular area detection module, and the obstacle avoidance module is connected to the pedestrian area center calculation module; 所述叉车主体模块作为载体,用于执行搬运、堆垛等物理任务;The forklift body module is used as a carrier to perform physical tasks such as handling and stacking; 所述双目视觉模块用于提供立体视觉感知,为后续的图像处理和测距提供基础数据;The binocular vision module is used to provide stereoscopic visual perception and provide basic data for subsequent image processing and ranging; 所述图像预处理单元接收所述双目视觉模块捕捉的图像信息,并进行预处理提高图像质量;The image preprocessing unit receives the image information captured by the binocular vision module and performs preprocessing to improve the image quality; 所述双目测距模块利用双目视觉原理,结合预处理后的图像信息,计算出环境中物体的精确距离;The binocular distance measurement module uses the binocular vision principle and combines the pre-processed image information to calculate the precise distance of objects in the environment; 所述轨迹预测模块基于所述双目测距模块计算得到的距离信息,对环境中物体的运动轨迹进行预测,为所述叉车主体模块的避障决策提供数据支持;The trajectory prediction module predicts the motion trajectory of objects in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular ranging module, and provides data support for the obstacle avoidance decision of the forklift main body module; 所述行人区域检测模块用于检测图像中的行人区域,并将其标记为矩形框,同时传输至行人区域中心计算模块计算出行人区域的中心点位置;The pedestrian area detection module is used to detect the pedestrian area in the image, mark it as a rectangular frame, and transmit it to the pedestrian area center calculation module to calculate the center point position of the pedestrian area; 所述避障模块接收行人中心点位置信息,判断叉车是否需要避让行人,并制定相应的避障策略。The obstacle avoidance module receives the pedestrian center point position information, determines whether the forklift needs to avoid the pedestrian, and formulates a corresponding obstacle avoidance strategy. 2.如权利要求1所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,2. The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: 所述图像预处理单元包括数据收集模块、去噪模块、对比度增强模块、边缘检测模块和图像输出模块,所述数据收集模块与所述双目视觉模块连接,所述去噪模块均与所述数据收集模块和所述对比度增强模块连接,所述边缘检测模块与所述对比度增强模块连接,所述图像输出模块与所述边缘检测模块连接。The image preprocessing unit includes a data collection module, a denoising module, a contrast enhancement module, an edge detection module and an image output module. The data collection module is connected to the binocular vision module, the denoising module is connected to the data collection module and the contrast enhancement module, the edge detection module is connected to the contrast enhancement module, and the image output module is connected to the edge detection module. 3.如权利要求2所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,3. The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: 所述基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统还包括环境感知模块,所述环境感知模块同样安装在所述叉车主体模块上;The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation also includes an environment perception module, which is also installed on the forklift main body module; 所述环境感知模块采用环境感知传感器,如激光雷达或超声波传感器,与双目视觉模块协同工作,进一步提高对复杂环境的感知能力。The environment perception module uses an environment perception sensor, such as a laser radar or an ultrasonic sensor, which works in conjunction with the binocular vision module to further improve the perception capability of complex environments. 4.如权利要求3所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,4. The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: 所述基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统还包括路径规划模块,所述路径规划模块与所述避障模块连接。The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation also includes a path planning module, and the path planning module is connected to the obstacle avoidance module. 5.如权利要求4所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,5. The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: 所述行人区域中心计算模块是基于GhostNet改进的Yolov8行人检测算法,同时结合目标检测与分割方法进行行人区域中心计算。The pedestrian region center calculation module is based on the Yolov8 pedestrian detection algorithm improved by GhostNet, and combines target detection and segmentation methods to calculate the pedestrian region center. 6.如权利要求5所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,6. The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: 所述基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统还包括交互模块和操作端,所述交互模块与所述避障模块连接,所述操作端与所述交互模块连接。The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation also includes an interaction module and an operation terminal, the interaction module is connected to the obstacle avoidance module, and the operation terminal is connected to the interaction module. 7.如权利要求6所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,7. The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: 所述基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统还包括自适应优化模块,所述自适应优化模块与所述路径规划模块连接。The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation also includes an adaptive optimization module, which is connected to the path planning module. 8.如权利要求7所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,8. The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: 所述基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统还包括安全监控模块,所述安全监控模块同样安装在所述叉车主体模块上;The visual navigation-based intelligent unmanned forklift system further includes a safety monitoring module, which is also installed on the forklift main body module; 所述监控模块用于实时监控叉车的运行状态和周围环境,一旦检测到异常情况,立即发出警报并采取相应的安全措施。The monitoring module is used to monitor the operating status and surrounding environment of the forklift in real time. Once an abnormal situation is detected, an alarm is immediately issued and corresponding safety measures are taken. 9.如权利要求8所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,9. The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: 所述基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统还包括协同运作模块,所述协同运作模块与所述叉车主体模块连接。The intelligent unmanned forklift system based on visual navigation also includes a collaborative operation module, and the collaborative operation module is connected to the forklift main body module. 10.一种基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车使用方法,应用于如权利要求9所述的基于视觉导航的智能无人叉车系统,其特征在于,10. A method for using an intelligent unmanned forklift based on vision navigation, applied to the intelligent unmanned forklift system based on vision navigation as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: 包括如下步骤:The steps include: 利用安装在所述叉车主体模块上的所述双目视觉模块,对周围环境进行立体视觉感知,捕捉图像信息;Using the binocular vision module installed on the forklift body module, the surrounding environment is perceived in stereoscopic vision to capture image information; 所述图像预处理单元接收所述双目视觉模块捕捉的图像信息,并进行预处理,提高图像质量;The image preprocessing unit receives the image information captured by the binocular vision module and performs preprocessing to improve the image quality; 所述双目测距模块利用双目视觉原理,结合预处理后的图像信息,计算出环境中物体的精确距离;The binocular distance measurement module uses the binocular vision principle and combines the pre-processed image information to calculate the precise distance of objects in the environment; 所述轨迹预测模块基于双目测距模块计算得到的距离信息,对环境中物体的运动轨迹进行预测,同时行人区域检测模块检测图像中的行人区域,并将其标记为矩形框,同时传输至行人区域中心计算模块计算出行人区域的中心点位置;The trajectory prediction module predicts the motion trajectory of objects in the environment based on the distance information calculated by the binocular ranging module. At the same time, the pedestrian area detection module detects the pedestrian area in the image and marks it as a rectangular frame, and transmits it to the pedestrian area center calculation module to calculate the center point position of the pedestrian area. 所述避障模块接收行人中心点位置信息,判断叉车是否需要避让行人,并制定相应的避障策略,控制叉车主体模块执行避障操作。The obstacle avoidance module receives the pedestrian center point position information, determines whether the forklift needs to avoid the pedestrian, formulates a corresponding obstacle avoidance strategy, and controls the forklift main body module to perform the obstacle avoidance operation.
CN202510212936.9A 2025-02-26 2025-02-26 Intelligent unmanned forklift system and method based on visual navigation Pending CN120085649A (en)

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