CN120042603A - Shaft construction equipment and construction method - Google Patents
Shaft construction equipment and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN120042603A CN120042603A CN202510313033.XA CN202510313033A CN120042603A CN 120042603 A CN120042603 A CN 120042603A CN 202510313033 A CN202510313033 A CN 202510313033A CN 120042603 A CN120042603 A CN 120042603A
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- shaft
- construction
- construction equipment
- drill rod
- cutting device
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
- E21D1/03—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws
- E21D1/06—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws with shaft-boring cutters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
- E21D5/04—Lining shafts; Linings therefor with brick, concrete, stone, or similar building materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种竖井施工设备及施工方法，该竖井施工设备包括用于对岩石土体进行切削的切削装置；竖向设置的钻杆，所述钻杆与所述切削装置连接，以带动所述切削装置转动；盾体，所述盾体与多节竖井管节的配合连接形成顶部封口、底部开口的筒状结构，至少部分所述钻杆位于所述筒状结构的内部，所述切削装置位于所述筒状结构的顶部；顶升装置，所述顶升装置设置于所述盾体的下方，以推动所述盾体与所述切削装置同步上移。本发明解决了竖井施工技术无法进行深埋硬质地层的竖井施工，且存在施工费用高、工序繁琐的技术问题。
The present invention provides a shaft construction device and a construction method, the shaft construction device includes a cutting device for cutting rock soil; a vertically arranged drill rod, the drill rod is connected to the cutting device to drive the cutting device to rotate; a shield body, the shield body is connected with multiple shaft pipe sections to form a cylindrical structure with a top seal and a bottom opening, at least part of the drill rod is located inside the cylindrical structure, and the cutting device is located at the top of the cylindrical structure; a lifting device, the lifting device is arranged below the shield body to push the shield body and the cutting device to move up synchronously. The present invention solves the technical problems that the shaft construction technology cannot carry out shaft construction in deep buried hard formations, and there are high construction costs and cumbersome procedures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground engineering construction, in particular to vertical shaft construction equipment and a construction method.
Background
In the past, large-scale enterprises of modernization such as thermal power plants, petrochemical industry and the like are built in coasts and river-following areas, a large number of water inlet and outlet tunnels are required for providing cooling water and discharging production and domestic sewage, and the tunnels are communicated with water areas in the river and the sea, so that a water construction method such as an island-building open caisson method, a floating open caisson method, a prefabricated open caisson method or an offshore drilling method is adopted, a large number of water operation ships and special equipment are required, the engineering cost is high, and the construction period is long under the influence of wind waves. In the middle 70 th century, through continuous research and practice of engineering technicians, a construction technology of vertical lifting of the water inlet and outlet is created, namely, in the built tunnel, prefabricated pipe joints are connected to specific parts of the tunnel lifting, the pipe joints are sequentially lifted to the design position, and the construction of the vertical pipe is completed. The vertical jacking method is based on the soil squeezing principle, is suitable for the middle-short distance jacking of saturated water-containing cohesive soil or sandy soil and other different soft soil strata, and also needs to take auxiliary measures (such as adding a high-pressure water spraying device at the front end of a cover cap, arranging a muddy water pressure relief hole at the front end of the cover cap and the like) under the anhydrous hard soil stratum or long-distance jacking working condition, but the auxiliary measures still cannot be applied to the strata by the vertical jacking method.
In order to solve the problem of limited use of deep buried and hard stratum, and realize rapid construction, upward shield technology is proposed, namely, a shield machine is adopted to drive upwards in an established tunnel or underground space, and a pipe piece is installed in time to construct a vertical shaft. The technology adopts a tunneling mode from bottom to top, most of construction is not affected by the ground, and the operation of the ground part is only to complete simple preparation procedures of reaching wells, pavement cover plates and the like, and facilities for recycling shield machines and the like. Most of the steps are performed underground, and the number of determinants for the construction conditions in the ground work is small, so that the construction period can be greatly shortened. The upward shield technology is based on the principle of soil mass cutting, has wide applicable stratum and high construction speed, and is poor in economical efficiency due to the fact that structures such as a steel cofferdam or a vertical pit are needed to be applied when water taking and draining projects of coastal coasts river are applied. The new proposed concept of using the duct piece as the cutter disc can simplify the flow of cutting the tunnel portal by the traditional cutter disc of the tunnel supporting tunnel, and can achieve the purposes of equipment rollback and temporary cover plate sealing and waterproofing.
In summary, it is known that in the existing shaft construction technology, the vertical lifting mode has the problems of low mechanization level and single application scene although the construction cost is low, and the upward shield mode has the problems of high mechanization level and wider application range, but cannot be really popularized and used in the actual construction process due to the problems of high equipment cost, multiple auxiliary measures, difficult underwater receiving and the like.
Therefore, the inventor provides a shaft construction device and a construction method by virtue of experience and practice of related industries for many years, so as to solve at least one technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide shaft construction equipment and a shaft construction method, which effectively solve the problems that the existing shaft construction technology cannot carry out shaft construction of a deep buried hard stratum, and the construction cost is high and the working procedure is complicated.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following scheme:
The invention provides a shaft construction device, which comprises:
The cutting device is used for cutting the rock soil body;
the drill rod is vertically arranged and connected with the cutting device so as to drive the cutting device to rotate;
The shield body is connected with the multi-section vertical shaft pipe joint in a matched mode to form a cylindrical structure with a sealed top and an open bottom, at least part of the drill rod is located in the cylindrical structure, and the cutting device is located at the top of the cylindrical structure;
and the jacking device is arranged below the shield body so as to push the shield body and the cutting device to move upwards synchronously.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
The bottom of the drill rod and the jacking device are both positioned in an existing underground space, the bottom of the shield body is used for being connected with a vertical shaft pipe joint positioned at the top of a plurality of vertical shaft pipe joints which are vertically connected to form a cylindrical structure with a sealed top and an open bottom, and the top of the drill rod penetrates through the shield body and is connected with the cutting device;
The jacking device is provided with a lifting part which can be lifted, and the lifting part is used for being connected with the shaft pipe joints at the bottom of the shaft pipe joints to push the shield body and the shaft pipe joints to move upwards synchronously.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft construction apparatus further includes a driving device, the driving device is located in the existing underground space, a driving end of the driving device is connected to the bottom of the drill pipe, and the driving device is used for providing driving force for rotation of the drill pipe so as to drive the cutting device to rotate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft construction apparatus further includes a trolley device movably disposed in the underground existing space, and the driving device and the jacking device are both disposed on top of the trolley device.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the trolley device comprises a base, and rollers are arranged at the bottom of the base so that the trolley device can move in the underground existing space;
the base is provided with a stable supporting part which is matched with the inner wall of the underground existing space;
the stabilizing support section includes:
the bottom wall surface of the base can be propped and attached with the bottom inner wall of the underground existing space;
And/or the side wall surface of the base can be propped and attached with the inner wall of the lower side part of the underground existing space.
The invention provides a shaft construction method which is implemented by adopting the shaft construction equipment, and comprises the following steps:
Preparing an originating well, completing the assembly of the vertical shaft construction equipment in the originating well, and moving the vertical shaft construction equipment to a vertical shaft to-be-constructed position in an underground existing space;
Along with the upward movement of the cutting device, the feeding amount of the drill rod and the upward pushing amount of a shaft pipe joint are increased until the cutting device moves up to a preset position, so that the tunneling construction of the shaft is completed;
Wherein the feeding speed of the drill rod is consistent with the upward pushing speed of the vertical shaft pipe section;
The method comprises the steps of receiving and transferring, dismantling and transferring the vertical shaft construction equipment to the originating well, completing the reassembly of the vertical shaft construction equipment in the originating well, and moving the vertical shaft construction equipment to a position to be constructed of a next vertical shaft;
and (3) performing structure construction, namely performing well completion construction treatment on the wellhead position of the vertical shaft.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reception diversion is a reception diversion of an underwater environment, the receiving and transferring step of the underwater environment comprises the following steps:
Removing the cutting device underwater and outside the shield body and transporting the cutting device into the originating well;
disassembling a drill pipe in the underground existing space and conveying the drill pipe into the originating well;
The reassembly of the shaft construction equipment is completed within the originating well.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the receiving and transferring step is performed by a receiving and transferring step of a ground environment, and the receiving and transferring step of the ground environment includes:
hoisting the shield body and the drill rod from the vertical shaft to the ground and conveying the shield body and the drill rod into the originating well;
The driving device and the jacking device are conveyed into the originating well by the trolley device;
The reassembly of the shaft construction equipment is completed within the originating well.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure is applied as a structure of an underwater environment, the structure applying step of the underwater environment comprising:
Filling the existing underground space and the vertical shaft with water;
And a water taking and draining joint is arranged at the wellhead of the vertical shaft.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the construction is applied as a construction of a ground environment comprising casting a wellhead construction at the wellhead of the shaft or installing a prefabricated wellhead construction.
From the above, the shaft construction equipment and the construction method of the invention have the characteristics and advantages that:
In addition, the shield body is matched with a plurality of vertical shaft pipe joints which are vertically connected to form a cylindrical structure, the number of the vertical shaft pipe joints can be increased and/or the pushing quantity of the jacking device on the vertical shaft pipe joints can be increased when the cutting device moves upwards, the tunneling effect of the cooperation of the shield body and the cutting device is realized, and the driving device for driving the cutting device and the jacking device for pushing the shield body and the vertical shaft pipe joints are arranged in the existing underground space, so that the device is convenient to detach and transfer, can be combined for repeated use after the transfer, can reduce the construction cost while guaranteeing high mechanical degree, is applicable to the construction of underwater environment and ground environment, and has wider application range.
Drawings
The following drawings are only for purposes of illustration and explanation of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a construction machine for a shaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the state of readiness of the shaft construction apparatus of the present invention in an underwater environment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the tunneling construction state of the shaft construction equipment in the underwater environment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a completed state of shaft construction in an underwater environment of the shaft construction apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the construction state of a shaft structure of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in an underwater environment;
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing an initial preparation state of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in a ground environment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the tunneling construction state of the shaft construction equipment in the ground environment;
Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a completed state of shaft construction in a ground environment of the shaft construction apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a construction state of a shaft structure of the shaft construction apparatus of the present invention in a ground environment;
FIG. 10 is a second schematic view of the construction equipment of the shaft of the present invention;
Fig. 11 is a third schematic view of the construction equipment for a shaft according to the present invention.
The reference numerals in the invention are:
1. a cutting device 101, a cutterhead;
102. 2, a shield body;
201. 3, a baffle plate, a drill rod;
4. A driving device, a jacking device;
6. A carriage device 601, a base;
602. 603, track wheel;
7. 8, a vertical shaft pipe joint;
9. 901, slag discharging pipeline;
902. 10, an originating sleeve;
11. 12, a telescopic arm;
13. 14, locking the notch ring beam;
15. 100, a rock soil layer;
200. An aqueous layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are only for illustrating the present application and not for limiting the scope of the present application, and various modifications of equivalent forms of the present application will fall within the scope of the appended claims after reading the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Embodiment one
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the present invention provides a shaft construction apparatus comprising a cutting device 1 for cutting rock soil, a drill rod 3 disposed in a vertical direction, the bottom of the drill rod 3 being located in an underground existing space 7, a shield body 2, the bottom of the shield body 2 being connected to a vertically connected multi-section shaft pipe joint 8at the top of the shaft pipe joint 8, a cylindrical structure having a top seal and a bottom opening being formed by the cooperative connection of the shield body 2 to the multi-section shaft pipe joint 8, at least a part of the drill rod 3 being located inside the cylindrical structure, the cutting device 1 being located at the top of the cylindrical structure, the top of the drill rod 3 passing through the shield body 2 and being connected to the cutting device 1, a driving device 4 being located in the underground existing space 7, the driving end of the driving device 4 being connected to the bottom of the drill rod 3 for providing driving force for rotation of the drill rod 3, a jacking device 5 being located in the underground existing space 7, the jacking device 5 having a liftable jacking portion for pushing the shaft pipe joint 8 up and the multi-section pipe joint 8 being located in synchronism with the lifting portion of the shaft pipe joint 8.
The existing underground space 7 in the present invention may be, but is not limited to, a tunnel that has been previously tunneled in the underground. The tunnel can be, but is not limited to, a tunnel with a circular cross section, a tunnel with a merlons cross section or a tunnel with a rectangular cross section and a similar rectangular cross section. And transferring the vertical shaft construction equipment into the tunnel, and excavating upwards from the top of the tunnel to form a vertical shaft.
In the invention, the cutting device 1 and the shield body 2 are simultaneously configured, the cutting device 1 is connected with the drill rod 3 with the feeding quantity capable of being increased, the drill rod 3 can drive the drill rod 3 to rotate through the driving device 4, the cutting device 1 can cut rock soil bodies, the feeding quantity of the drill rod 3 is increased, the tunneling operation of a vertical shaft from bottom to top can be realized, in addition, the shield body 2 is matched with the vertical connected multiple vertical shaft pipe sections 8 to form a cylindrical structure, the number of the vertical shaft pipe sections 8 can be increased and/or the pushing quantity of the jacking devices 5 to the vertical shaft pipe sections 8 can be increased while the cutting device 1 moves upwards, the jacking tunneling effect of the shield body 2 and the cutting device 1 on the vertical shaft can be realized, the driving device 4 for driving the cutting device 1 and the jacking devices 5 for pushing the shield body 2 and the vertical shaft pipe sections 8 are all arranged in the underground existing space 7, the vertical shaft pipe sections are convenient to disassemble and turn, the vertical shaft pipe sections can be combined and reused after disassembly, the construction degree is ensured, the construction cost is reduced, and the ground environment and the application range is wider.
In an alternative implementation of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 11, the drill rod 3 includes a plurality of rod segments arranged in a vertical direction, the plurality of rod segments are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction and sequentially connected end to end, and according to the cutting position of the cutting device 1 in the vertical direction, the number of connection of the rod segments can be increased, and the feeding amount of the drill rod 3 is increased, so as to ensure that the number of rod segments and the feeding amount can be matched with the cutting position of the cutting device 1 in the vertical direction, so as to drive the cutting device 1 to cut and tunnel rock and slag.
In an alternative implementation of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, 10 and 11, the cutting device 1 may be of a conventional vertically fed cutterhead construction, wherein the cutting device 1 may comprise a cutterhead 101 and cutters 102 provided on the cutterhead 101. Wherein, to accommodate different formations, the cutters 102 may include, but are not limited to, one or more of cutters, hobs, blades, and rippers, and other types of cutters may be used, and the specific cutter types are not limited herein. By setting the spacing between the cutters 102, the cutting effect on the formation is ensured, and the discharge of the slag soil after cutting is facilitated.
In an alternative implementation of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 and 11, the shaft construction apparatus further includes a trolley device 6, where the trolley device 6 is movably disposed in the underground existing space 7, and the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 are both disposed on top of the trolley device 6, and in addition, a pipe piece assembler, a slag bucket, and devices that must be used for supplying oil, liquid, and power for each device to operate may be disposed on the trolley device 6, where the trolley device 6 may serve as a transfer device for the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 in the underground existing space 7, and may also serve to support the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 during the shaft driving process, and in the present invention, integrate the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 on the trolley device 6, so as to implement a transition and a repeated use of the devices, and make the construction transition more convenient.
The driving device 4 may be, but not limited to, a driving motor, an output shaft of which is connected with the bottom of the drill rod 3 so as to drive the drill rod 3 to rotate, and the jacking device 5 may be, but not limited to, a hydraulic cylinder arranged along a vertical direction, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends vertically upwards and abuts against a shaft pipe section 8 positioned at the bottom, so that upward pushing of the shield body 2 and the shaft pipe section 8 is realized.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 6 to 8, the truck apparatus 6 includes a base 601, and a roller 602 is provided at the bottom of the base 601 to enable the truck apparatus 6 to move in an existing underground space 7. Wherein, when the underground existing space 7 is a tunnel with a circular cross section, the cross section shape of the base 601 can be matched with the lower part shape of the cross section of the tunnel.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 6 to 8, the base 601 has a stable supporting portion adapted to the inner wall of the existing underground space 7, wherein the bottom of the base 601 has an arc surface, the stable supporting portion includes a bottom wall surface of the base 601, the bottom wall surface of the base 601 can be in propping fit with the bottom inner wall of the existing underground space 7, and/or a side wall surface of the base 601 can be in propping fit with the lower side inner wall of the existing underground space 7, so as to improve the stability of the trolley device 6 in a tunnel with a circular cross section.
When the underground existing space 7 is a tunnel with a cross section in the shape of a city gate or a tunnel with a cross section in the shape of a rectangle or a similar rectangle, the trolley device 6 comprises the base 601, and the bottom surface of the tunnel is a plane at this time, so that the base 601 can be directly arranged on a liftable automobile, or the crawler wheel 603 is arranged at the bottom of the base 601, so that the stability of the trolley device 6 in the moving and stopping states of the tunnel can be ensured.
In an alternative implementation of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, 10 and 11, a partition 201 for separating the interior of the shield body 2 from the external residue soil environment is arranged at the top of the shield body 2, a mounting hole for the drill rod 3 to pass through is arranged in the middle of the partition 201, the top of the drill rod 3 passes through the mounting hole to the exterior of the shield body 2 and is connected with the cutting device 1, a sealing ring is arranged between the inner wall of the mounting hole and the outer wall of the drill rod 3, and the drill rod 3 and the inner wall of the mounting hole are still in a sealing state when rotating through the sealing ring, so that the external residue soil or water is prevented from entering the shield body 2, and the effects of slag prevention and water prevention are realized.
Further, a plurality of waterproof sealing structures can be further arranged between the inner wall of the mounting hole and the outer wall of the drill rod 3, so that good waterproof effect is ensured. Wherein the waterproof sealing structure can be, but is not limited to, a sealing ring.
In an alternative implementation of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 10 and 11, the well construction equipment further includes a slag tapping device 9, the slag tapping device 9 includes a slag tapping pipeline 901 and at least one group of gate valves 902, the slag tapping pipeline 901 is located in the shield body 2, one end of the slag tapping pipeline 901 passes through the shield body 2 to communicate with the external slag soil environment, the other end of the slag tapping pipeline 901 extends into the underground existing space 7, and the cut slag soil can be conveyed into the underground existing space 7 through the slag tapping pipeline 901 for further discharging. The gate valve 902 is arranged on the slag discharging pipeline 901, and the on-off state of the slag discharging pipeline 901 can be controlled through the gate valve 902, so that the discharge amount of slag soil is controlled, the purpose of controlling the pressure of a face is achieved, and the stratum stability in the tunneling process is ensured.
Gate valve 902 is also, but not limited to, a hydraulic ram or pneumatic pinch valve in the present invention, although a screw conveyor may be provided in some embodiments to effect the transport of the spoil.
In an alternative implementation of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 and 11, the shaft construction apparatus further includes an originating sleeve 10, the originating sleeve 10 is a cylindrical structure having openings at the top and bottom thereof disposed in a vertical direction, the top of the originating sleeve 10 is used for being connected with the top inner wall of the existing underground space 7, a plurality of sealing members are provided on the inner wall of the originating sleeve 10, the sealing members are in sealing connection with the inner wall of the originating sleeve 10, and during tunneling, the sealing members are used for sealing between the inner wall of the originating sleeve 10 and the outer wall of the shield body 2 and/or the outer wall of the shaft pipe joint 8, thereby playing a waterproof role. Wherein the seal may be, but is not limited to, a tail brush seal, a rubber seal, a polyurethane seal, a packing seal, or the like. The cross-sectional shape of the seal may be, but is not limited to, O-shaped, rectangular, lip-shaped, finger-shaped, etc.
Further, the two adjacent sealing elements are arranged at intervals, a filling cavity is formed between the two adjacent sealing elements, sealing substances are injected into the filling cavity, and the sealing waterproof effect is further improved. Wherein the sealing substance can be, but is not limited to, grease, single fluid slurry, double fluid slurry, etc.
In this embodiment, the originating sleeve 10 includes an upper section and a lower section, the lower section is used for cutting off and removing after completing the construction of the shaft, and the upper section is provided with a connecting plate, so that the connecting plate can be connected with the shaft pipe joint 8, thereby being capable of being used for load transmission, that is, the vertical load of the shaft pipe joint 8 can be transmitted to the underground existing space 7 through the upper section of the originating sleeve 10 and the connecting plate thereon, thereby avoiding the aggregation of the load on the shaft pipe joint 8, ensuring the stability of the shaft pipe joint 8, that is, ensuring the stability of the molded shaft.
In an alternative implementation of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the shaft construction device further includes a supporting frame 11, the supporting frame 11 is disposed at the top of the trolley device 6, a telescopic arm 12 capable of moving toward or away from the side inner wall of the underground existing space 7 is disposed on the supporting frame 11, one end of the telescopic arm 12 is connected with the supporting frame 11, the other end of the telescopic arm 12 is connected with a lateral supporting block 13, during tunneling, the position of the lateral supporting block 13 is adjusted by the telescopic arm 12 so that the lateral supporting block 13 can be abutted against the side inner wall of the underground existing space 7, stability of the shaft construction device is ensured, stress of the shaft pipe joint 8 and the shaft construction device can be uniformly dispersed to the inner wall of the underground existing space 7, the situation that local stress of the underground existing space 7 is excessively large is reduced, and deformation and settlement of the underground existing space 7 is reduced. The base 601 of the trolley device 6 also plays a supporting role, and can be regarded as a bottom supporting block, and can achieve a more uniform stress dispersing effect by being matched with the lateral supporting block 13.
In this embodiment, the telescopic arm 12 may be, but is not limited to, a hydraulic cylinder disposed in a horizontal direction, the hydraulic cylinder being fixed to the supporting frame 11, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extending in the horizontal direction and being connected to the lateral supporting block 13. Of course, other telescopic structures can be adopted for the telescopic arm 12, and are not particularly limited herein.
The shaft construction equipment has the characteristics and advantages that:
1. This shaft construction equipment has realized the cooperation operation of shield body 2 and cutting device 1, guarantees the jacking tunneling effect to the shaft, is used for driving the drive arrangement 4 of cutting device 1 and is used for promoting the jacking device 5 of shield body 2 and shaft tube coupling 8 all to set up in the existing space 7 in the underground moreover, conveniently dismantle the transition, but make up repeatedly usable after dismantling the transition between each device, when guaranteeing high mechanical degree, reduce construction cost, and applicable in the shaft construction of environment under water and ground environment, application scope is wider.
2. According to the shaft construction equipment, the cutting jacking process and the dregs discharging process are matched, so that stratum settlement can be effectively controlled, jacking pressure can be reduced, and the shaft construction equipment is suitable for tunneling operation of deep-buried hard stratum.
3. In this shaft construction equipment, power device such as drive arrangement 4, jacking device 5 all integrate on trolley device 6, and convenient dismantlement and transition, repeatedly usable especially to the underwater operation operating mode can effectively avoid the device to be soaked the risk of corruption.
Second embodiment
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the present invention provides a shaft construction method implemented using the shaft construction apparatus described above, and adapted to a shaft driving scene of an underwater environment and a ground environment, the shaft construction method comprising the steps of:
Step S1, starting preparation, namely completing assembly of shaft construction equipment in a starting well, and moving the shaft construction equipment to a shaft to-be-constructed position in an underground existing space 7;
S2, tunneling construction, namely starting a driving device 4 to drive a drill rod 3 to rotate, driving a cutting device 1 to rotate through the drill rod 3 and tunneling construction upwards from a shaft position to be constructed, and increasing the feeding amount of the drill rod 3 and the upward pushing amount of a shaft pipe joint 8 along with the upward movement of the cutting device 1 until the cutting device 1 moves upwards to a preset position to finish tunneling construction of a shaft;
wherein the feeding speed of the drill rod 3 is consistent with the upward pushing speed of the vertical shaft pipe section 8;
S3, receiving and transferring, namely dismantling the vertical shaft construction equipment and transferring the vertical shaft construction equipment to an originating well, completing the reassembling of the vertical shaft construction equipment in the originating well, and moving the vertical shaft construction equipment to a position to be constructed of a next vertical shaft;
And S4, performing structure construction, namely performing well completion construction treatment on the wellhead position of the vertical shaft.
The shaft construction method of the present invention will be specifically described below.
Step S1, starting preparation, namely, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, completing assembly and debugging of shaft construction equipment in a starting well, and moving the shaft construction equipment to a shaft to-be-constructed position in an underground existing space 7;
wherein the originating well is a vertical shaft of vertical shaft construction equipment entering the existing underground space 7 from the ground.
Further, in step S1, the shaft construction equipment may move to the shaft construction position in the underground existing space 7 by itself (i.e. in the case where the roller 602 or the track wheel 603 is provided at the bottom), or may, of course, also be moved to the shaft construction position in the underground existing space 7 with assistance of traction equipment (e.g. a vehicle).
Further, in step S1, an originating sleeve 10 is disposed in the underground existing space 7 at a position to be constructed in the shaft, and the top of the originating sleeve 10 is connected to the top inner wall of the underground existing space 7. The top of the originating sleeve 10 and the top inner wall of the underground existing space 7 may be connected by, but not limited to, anchor bolt connection, welding or flange connection, so that the originating sleeve 10 and the top of the underground existing space 7 (such as a tunnel) may be stably connected.
Further, in step S1, the posture of the shaft construction equipment is adjusted at the position to be constructed of the shaft, so that the distance between the center line of the shaft construction equipment (the center line of the shaft construction equipment can be determined by the axis of the drill rod 3 or the center point of the cutterhead 101) and the axis of the shaft to be constructed is located on the same vertical straight line or in the horizontal direction is within a preset threshold range, so as to ensure that the tunneling position of the shaft is within the design requirement range, and avoid a larger error between the position of the shaft to be actually constructed and the preset position. The preset threshold range can be set by itself.
Further, in step S1, for the underwater environment shown in fig. 2 (i.e. the water layer 200 is provided above the rock layer 100, the existing underground space 7 is located in the rock layer 100, the wellhead of the shaft formed by the tunneling of the shaft construction equipment at least needs to extend to the position where the water layer 200 is located), the stable supporting portion located at the bottom of the shaft construction equipment is controlled to be propped against the bottom inner wall of the existing underground space 7 and/or to be propped against the lower side inner wall of the existing underground space 7.
Further, in step S1, unlike the underwater environment, for the ground environment shown in fig. 6 (i.e. there is no water layer 200 above the rock layer 100, the existing underground space 7 is located on the rock layer 100, the wellhead of the shaft formed by the tunneling of the shaft construction equipment needs to extend to the surface of the rock layer 100), besides controlling the stable supporting portion located at the bottom of the shaft construction equipment to prop against the bottom inner wall of the existing underground space 7 and/or prop against the lower side inner wall of the existing underground space 7, the telescopic arm 12 is controlled to prop against the side supporting block 13 and the side inner wall of the existing underground space 7, so that not only can the inner wall of the existing underground space 7 be supported to bear the pressure of the ground environment, but also the stress of the subsequent shaft pipe joint 8 and the shaft construction equipment can be evenly dispersed to the inner wall of the existing underground space 7, and then transferred to the rock layer 100, thereby achieving the effect of even dispersion stress.
Further, in step S1, for the ground environment as shown in fig. 6, the locking collar beam 14 may be disposed at a preset position on the surface of the rock and soil layer 100, where the distance between the central axis of the locking collar beam 14 and the axis of the shaft to be constructed is on the same vertical straight line or in the horizontal direction is within a preset threshold range, and the locking collar beam 14 plays a role in supporting and reinforcing the subsequently formed wellhead, so as to reduce disturbance of the ground and soil layer in the construction process.
Step S2, upward tunneling construction, as shown in fig. 3 and 7, starting a driving device 4 to drive a drill rod 3 to rotate, and driving a cutting device 1 to rotate through the drill rod 3 to perform upward tunneling construction at a shaft position to be constructed, wherein along with upward movement of the cutting device 1, the feeding amount of the drill rod 3 and the upward pushing amount of a shaft pipe joint 8 are increased until the cutting device 1 moves up to a preset position, so that tunneling construction of a shaft is completed;
The feeding speed of the drill rod 3 is consistent with the upward pushing speed of the vertical shaft pipe joint 8, and the purpose of the feeding speed is that the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 can synchronously work, so that the torque and the jacking force of equipment can obtain the best effect.
Further, in step S2, the cutting device 1 breaks the top segment of the shaft to be constructed, moves upward to cut and stir the rock and/or soil above the shaft to be constructed, discharges the cut slag soil through the slag discharging device 9 in the process, controls the on-off state of the slag discharging pipeline 901 through the gate valve 902 on the slag discharging pipeline 901, further controls the discharge amount of the rock and/or soil, achieves the purpose of controlling the pressure of the tunnel face, and ensures the stratum stability in the tunneling process.
In step S2, the feeding amount of the drill pipe 3 and the assembling number of the shaft pipe sections 8 and/or the pushing amount of the shaft pipe sections 8 upward need to be increased along with the upward movement of the cutting device 1, but no clear order is specified, so that the drill pipe 3 can reach a preset position in the upward tunneling process of the cutting device 1.
And S3, receiving and transferring, namely dismantling the vertical shaft construction equipment and transferring the vertical shaft construction equipment to an originating well as shown in fig. 4 and 8, and completing the reassembling of the vertical shaft construction equipment in the originating well, wherein the vertical shaft construction equipment is moved to a position to be constructed of a next vertical shaft.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, when the receiving transition in step S3 is a receiving transition of an underwater environment, the receiving transition step of the underwater environment further includes:
step S301, the cutting device 1 is disassembled under water and positioned outside the shield body 2, and is conveyed into an originating well;
Step S302, the drill rod 3 is disassembled in the underground existing space 7 and conveyed into an originating well;
and step S303, the reassembly of the vertical shaft construction equipment is completed in the originating well.
The shaft tunneling of the underwater environment is mostly applied to water taking and draining scenes such as nuclear power, petrochemical industry, sewage and the like. Specifically, the cutting device 1 can be lifted by a pontoon, the cutting device 1 outside the shield body 2 is detached by a diver in the water (namely, the water layer 200) and conveyed into an originating well, in a formed vertical shaft, an operator can move into the shield body 2 by using a ladder stand to detach equipment such as a drill rod 3, a slag discharging device 9 and the like, the detached equipment is moved into an underground existing space 7 by using simple lifting equipment (such as a winch) and conveyed into the originating well, and the reassembling of vertical shaft construction equipment is completed in the originating well, so that vertical shaft tunneling construction can be waited for transferring to a next construction position.
In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, when the receiving transition in step S3 is a receiving transition of a ground environment, the receiving transition step of the ground environment further includes:
Step S301', hoisting the shield body 2 and the drill rod 3 from the vertical shaft to the ground and conveying the shield body and the drill rod to an originating well;
step S302', the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 are conveyed into the originating well by the trolley device 6;
Step S303', the reassembly of the shaft construction equipment is completed in the originating well.
The vertical shaft tunneling of the ground environment is mainly applied to escape, ventilation, overhaul and feeding scenes such as municipal administration, tunnels and logistics. Specifically, the shield body 2 and the shaft pipe joint 8 are detached and separated, the shield body 2, the drill rod 3 and the slag discharging device 9 are integrally lifted to the place above the ground from the shaft by using ground lifting equipment, the shaft pipe joint 8 at the bottom of the shaft is connected with the T-shaped interface at the top of the tunnel in the formed shaft, the connection mode can include but is not limited to the modes of radially penetrating bolts, welding a brake pressing plate and a supporting plate at the bottom, sleeving a steel shell at the top, fixing the steel shell on a pipe piece on the inner wall of the tunnel by using an anchor bolt and the like, then the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 are automatically conveyed into the starting shaft by the trolley device 6 or are moved into the starting shaft by other traction equipment traction trolley devices 6, the reassembling of shaft construction equipment is completed in the starting shaft, and the shaft tunneling construction can be waited for being transferred to the next construction position.
And S4, performing structure construction, namely performing well completion construction treatment on the wellhead position of the vertical shaft as shown in fig. 5 and 9.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, when the structure in step S4 is implemented as a structure of an underwater environment, the structure implementation step of the underwater environment further includes filling the existing underground space 7 and the shaft with water to thereby eliminate the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the shaft, and then installing the water taking and draining joint 15 (i.e., replacing the original shield body 2 with the water draining joint 15) at the wellhead of the diver' S lower shaft. In this embodiment, if there is a need for rust protection and corrosion protection, the drain fitting 15 may be treated with a sacrificial anodic protection.
In another alternative embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 9, when the structure in step S4 is applied as a structure of the ground environment, the structure of the ground environment is applied step in turn comprising casting a wellhead structure at the wellhead of the shaft or installing a prefabricated wellhead structure.
The shaft construction method has the characteristics and advantages that:
1. according to the shaft construction method, cutting, jacking and slag soil discharging are combined, stratum settlement can be effectively controlled, jacking pressure can be reduced, and the shaft construction method is particularly suitable for tunneling of deep buried hard stratum to a shaft.
2. According to the shaft construction method, power equipment (such as the driving device 4, the jacking device 5 and the like) is fully integrated on the trolley device 6, the equipment is convenient to disassemble and transfer, the equipment is repeatedly assembled and used, and the construction transfer is more convenient. Especially for the scene of shaft tunneling in an underwater environment, the risk of soaking and corrosion of equipment (such as electric elements and the like) can be effectively avoided.
3. The shaft construction method can be suitable for tunnels with different sections (i.e. cross sections) or other scenes with underground existing space 7, and has wider application range.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and to distinguish between similar objects, and there is no order of preference between them, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The foregoing embodiments in the present specification are all described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts of the embodiments are mutually referred to, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different manner from other embodiments.
The foregoing is merely a few embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are merely examples which are used for the convenience of understanding the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202510313033.XA CN120042603A (en) | 2025-03-17 | 2025-03-17 | Shaft construction equipment and construction method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202510313033.XA CN120042603A (en) | 2025-03-17 | 2025-03-17 | Shaft construction equipment and construction method |
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| CN120042603A true CN120042603A (en) | 2025-05-27 |
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| CN202510313033.XA Pending CN120042603A (en) | 2025-03-17 | 2025-03-17 | Shaft construction equipment and construction method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN120667120A (en) * | 2025-07-23 | 2025-09-19 | 朱瑶宏 | Construction system and construction method for vertical tunnel |
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