CN120022444A - An electronic air-oxygen mixer and a method for detecting carbon dioxide removal rate - Google Patents
An electronic air-oxygen mixer and a method for detecting carbon dioxide removal rate Download PDFInfo
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- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1601—Control or regulation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/15—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit
- A61M1/154—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit with sensing means or components thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1698—Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3622—Extra-corporeal blood circuits with a cassette forming partially or totally the blood circuit
- A61M1/36224—Extra-corporeal blood circuits with a cassette forming partially or totally the blood circuit with sensing means or components thereof
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/18—General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3327—Measuring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides an electronic air-oxygen mixing instrument and a method for detecting carbon dioxide clearance rate, and relates to the technical field of in-vitro life support. According to the embodiment of the application, through the oxygen concentration flow sensor and the carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor integrated in the electronic air-oxygen mixer, the volume flow of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration at the gas outlet of the membrane type oxygenator can be monitored in real time, so that the electronic air-oxygen mixer can calculate and update the carbon dioxide clearance in real time and continuously. The method is not only beneficial to reducing errors caused by periodical sampling and improving the accuracy and reliability of the carbon dioxide clearance data, but also enables doctors to quickly respond according to the carbon dioxide clearance data, discover the condition of function decline or blockage of the membrane oxygenator in time, avoid carbon dioxide retention in a patient, and further enhance the safety of the patient.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of in-vitro life support, in particular to an electronic air-oxygen mixing instrument and a method for detecting carbon dioxide clearance rate.
Background
In vitro life support techniques, in vitro adventitial pulmonary oxygenation (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, ECMO) and in vitro carbon dioxide scavenging (Extracorporeal CO2 Removal,) Is two important therapeutic methods. Both treatments maintain or assist the patient's vital functions by drawing the patient's blood out of the body, oxygenating and carbon dioxide scavenging the blood through a membrane oxygenator, and then infusing the treated blood back into the patient. In ECMO andCarbon dioxide clearance is an important indicator for assessing the performance of a membrane oxygenator during treatment.
Currently, the method of detecting carbon dioxide removal from a membrane oxygenator is typically blood gas analysis. The method requires periodically collecting blood samples from the blood inlet and the blood outlet of the membrane oxygenator, measuring key indexes (such as partial pressure of carbon dioxide, concentration of bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide) in the blood samples by using a blood gas analyzer, and inputting the key indexes into a carbon dioxide solubility model so as to calculate the carbon dioxide clearance rate.
However, the above methods can only collect and analyze blood samples periodically and cannot perform real-time, continuous carbon dioxide removal rate detection. The method has the advantages that errors caused by periodic sampling are easy to occur, accuracy and reliability of carbon dioxide clearance rate data are reduced, doctors cannot respond rapidly according to the carbon dioxide clearance rate data, and the capability of timely finding out the function decline or blockage of the membrane oxygenator by the doctors is limited, so that carbon dioxide accumulation in a patient body can be caused, and the illness state is even aggravated.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the application provides an electronic air-oxygen mixer and a method for detecting the carbon dioxide clearance rate, which can calculate and update the carbon dioxide clearance rate continuously in real time.
The embodiment of the application discloses the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the application discloses an electronic air-oxygen mixer, comprising:
The device comprises a mixing cavity, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor and a main control module; the device comprises a mixing cavity, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, a main control module, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a membrane type oxygenator, a gas inlet, a mixed gas outlet, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, wherein the mixing cavity is provided with the air inlet, the oxygen inlet and the mixed gas outlet;
The mixing cavity is used for mixing medical compressed air input through the air inlet and oxygen input through the oxygen inlet to obtain mixed gas, and the mixed gas is input into the air inlet of the membrane oxygenator through the oxygen concentration flow sensor through the mixed gas outlet;
The oxygen concentration flow sensor is used for monitoring the volume flow of the mixed gas in real time;
The carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor is used for monitoring the carbon dioxide concentration of the gas outlet of the membrane oxygenator in real time;
The main control module is used for determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration.
Optionally, the formula for determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow rate of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration is as follows:
Wherein, For the rate of carbon dioxide removal,For the volume flow of the mixed gas,Is the concentration of carbon dioxide.
Optionally, the electronic air-oxygen mixer further comprises a first regulating valve and a second regulating valve, wherein the first regulating valve is connected with the air inlet and is used for regulating the flow of medical compressed air entering the mixing cavity;
The main control module is also used for controlling the opening degrees of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve according to the carbon dioxide clearance rate.
Optionally, the main control module is specifically configured to increase the opening of the second regulating valve and/or decrease the opening of the first regulating valve when the carbon dioxide removal rate is lower than a first value;
And when the carbon dioxide clearance rate is higher than a second value, increasing the opening degree of the first regulating valve and/or reducing the opening degree of the second regulating valve, wherein the second value is higher than the first value.
Optionally, the main control module is further configured to trigger an alarm indication when the carbon dioxide clearance is higher than a third value or the carbon dioxide clearance is lower than a fourth value, wherein the third value is higher than the fourth value.
Optionally, the electronic air-oxygen mixer is used for being in communication connection with the display module;
The main control module is further configured to send the carbon dioxide removal rate, the volume flow rate of the mixed gas, and the carbon dioxide concentration to the display module in real time, so that the display module displays at least one of the carbon dioxide removal rate, the volume flow rate of the mixed gas, and the carbon dioxide concentration.
Optionally, the electronic air-oxygen mixer is used for in vitro membrane pulmonary oxygenation ECMO host or in vitro carbon dioxide removalA host computer is in communication connection;
The main control module is also used for real-time sending to the ECMO host computer or the ECMO host computer And the host sends the carbon dioxide clearance rate.
In a second aspect, the application discloses a method for detecting carbon dioxide clearance, which is applied to the electronic air-oxygen mixer in the first aspect, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring the gas flow of the mixed gas detected by an oxygen concentration flow sensor in real time and the carbon dioxide concentration of an air outlet of a membrane type oxygenator detected by a carbon dioxide concentration sensor in real time;
And determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration.
Optionally, the formula for determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow rate of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration is as follows:
Wherein, For the rate of carbon dioxide removal,For the volume flow of the mixed gas,Is the concentration of carbon dioxide.
Optionally, the electronic air-oxygen mixer is used for in vitro membrane pulmonary oxygenation ECMO host or in vitro carbon dioxide removalA host computer is in communication connection;
the method further comprises real-time forwarding to the ECMO host or the ECMO host And the host sends the carbon dioxide clearance rate.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
The embodiment of the application provides an electronic air-oxygen mixer and a method for detecting carbon dioxide clearance, the electronic air-oxygen mixer comprises a mixing cavity, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor and a main control module, wherein the mixing cavity is provided with an air inlet, an oxygen inlet and a mixed gas outlet, the oxygen concentration sensor is arranged on a gas flow path between the mixed gas outlet and the air inlet of a membrane type oxygenator, the carbon dioxide concentration sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the membrane type oxygenator, the main control module is in communication connection with the oxygen concentration sensor and the carbon dioxide concentration sensor, the mixing cavity is used for mixing medical compressed air input through the air inlet with oxygen input through the oxygen inlet to obtain mixed gas, the mixed gas is input into the air inlet of the membrane type oxygenator through the mixed gas outlet through the oxygen concentration flow sensor, the oxygen concentration flow sensor is used for monitoring the volume flow of the mixed gas in real time, the carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used for monitoring the carbon dioxide concentration of the air outlet of the membrane type oxygenator in real time, and the main control module is used for determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow and the carbon dioxide concentration of the mixed gas. Therefore, the embodiment of the application can monitor the volume flow of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration of the gas outlet of the membrane type oxygenator in real time through the oxygen concentration flow sensor and the carbon dioxide concentration sensor integrated in the electronic air-oxygen mixer, so that the electronic air-oxygen mixer can calculate and update the carbon dioxide clearance in real time and continuously. The method is not only beneficial to reducing errors caused by periodical sampling and improving the accuracy and reliability of the carbon dioxide clearance data, but also enables doctors to quickly respond according to the carbon dioxide clearance data, discover the condition of function decline or blockage of the membrane oxygenator in time, avoid carbon dioxide retention in a patient, and further enhance the safety of the patient.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic air-oxygen mixer according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another electronic air-oxygen mixer according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for detecting carbon dioxide removal rate according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a computer readable medium according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
First, technical terms related to the embodiments of the present application are explained:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, ECMO) is an important extracorporeal life support technique, mainly used for providing continuous extracorporeal respiration and circulation to patients suffering from severe cardiopulmonary failure, and maintaining the vital functions of the patients by leading the blood of the patients out of the body, performing oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal by a membrane oxygenator, and then returning the blood to the patients.
In vitro carbon dioxide scavenging (Extracorporeal CO 2 Removal,) The method is a treatment method for removing carbon dioxide in blood by leading the blood of a patient out of the body through an extracorporeal circulation device, and can effectively remove carbon dioxide generated by organism metabolism so as to reduce the ventilation requirement of the patient and the support level of a breathing machine.
As described above, the current method of detecting carbon dioxide removal from a membrane oxygenator is typically blood gas analysis. The method requires periodically collecting blood samples from the blood inlet and the blood outlet of the membrane oxygenator, measuring key indexes (such as partial pressure of carbon dioxide, concentration of bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide) in the blood samples by using a blood gas analyzer, and inputting the key indexes into a carbon dioxide solubility model so as to calculate the carbon dioxide clearance rate.
However, the above methods can only collect and analyze blood samples periodically and cannot perform real-time, continuous carbon dioxide removal rate detection. The method has the advantages that errors caused by periodic sampling are easy to occur, accuracy and reliability of carbon dioxide clearance rate data are reduced, doctors cannot respond rapidly according to the carbon dioxide clearance rate data, and the capability of timely finding out the function decline or blockage of the membrane oxygenator by the doctors is limited, so that carbon dioxide accumulation in a patient body can be caused, and the illness state is even aggravated.
The inventor provides an electronic air-oxygen mixer and a method for detecting the carbon dioxide clearance rate, and the embodiment of the application can monitor the volume flow of mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration of an air outlet of a membrane type oxygenator in real time through an oxygen concentration flow sensor and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor integrated in the electronic air-oxygen mixer, so that the electronic air-oxygen mixer can calculate and update the carbon dioxide clearance rate in real time and continuously. The method is not only beneficial to reducing errors caused by periodical sampling and improving the accuracy and reliability of the carbon dioxide clearance data, but also enables doctors to quickly respond according to the carbon dioxide clearance data, discover the condition of function decline or blockage of the membrane oxygenator in time, avoid carbon dioxide retention in a patient, and further enhance the safety of the patient.
In order to make the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the schematic diagram of an electronic air-oxygen mixer according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The electronic air-oxygen mixer comprises a mixing cavity, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor and a main control module (not shown in the figure).
The mixing cavity is provided with an air inlet, an oxygen inlet and a mixed gas outlet, wherein the air inlet and the oxygen inlet are usually arranged at the upper part of the mixing cavity, and the mixed gas outlet is usually arranged at the side surface or the bottom of the mixing cavity. The mixing cavity is used for fully mixing medical compressed air input through the air inlet and oxygen input through the oxygen inlet in the mixing cavity to obtain mixed gas with certain oxygen concentration. Subsequently, the mixed gas is inputted into the gas inlet of the membrane oxygenator via the oxygen concentration flow sensor through the mixed gas outlet.
The oxygen concentration flow sensor is arranged on a gas flow path between the mixed gas outlet and the gas inlet of the membrane oxygenator. The oxygen concentration flow sensor is used for monitoring the volume flow of the mixed gas in real time. By accurately measuring the volumetric flow, the oxygen concentration flow sensor can provide important data support for subsequent gas mixing control and monitoring.
The carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor is arranged at the gas outlet of the membrane oxygenator. The carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor is used for monitoring the carbon dioxide concentration of the gas subjected to oxygenation treatment at the gas outlet of the membrane oxygenator in real time. Specifically, the carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor can measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in real time by using the characteristic absorption peak of the 4.26 μm infrared spectrum of carbon dioxide molecules by adopting an infrared absorption measurement method.
The main control module is in communication connection with the oxygen concentration flow sensor and the carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor. The main control module is used for determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow and the carbon dioxide concentration of the mixed gas. Specifically, the carbon dioxide removal rate can be determined from the volume flow rate of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration by the following formula (1):
(1)
Wherein, Is the carbon dioxide clearance rate (mL/min),The volume flow rate (mL/min) of the mixed gas,Is the carbon dioxide concentration (%).
It can be understood that the whole working flow of the electronic air-oxygen mixer and the membrane type oxygenator is that an oxygen air inlet and an air inlet of the electronic air-oxygen mixer are respectively used for inputting oxygen and medical compressed air, after the oxygen and the medical compressed air are mixed, the mixed gas flows through an oxygen concentration flow sensor and then is conveyed to the air inlet of the membrane type oxygenator through an air outlet of the electronic air-oxygen mixer to enter a gas chamber of the membrane type oxygenator. In this case, the other side of the gas chamber of the membrane type oxygenator, which is partitioned by the oxygenation membrane, has blood flowing therethrough, and oxygen diffuses from the gas side to the blood side while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood side to the gas side due to the semi-permeability of the oxygenation membrane, thereby achieving oxygenation of blood and removal of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide gas on the gas side diffused from the blood side flows out of the gas outlet of the membrane oxygenator together with the remaining mixed gas in the gas chamber. A carbon dioxide concentration sensor is arranged at the gas outlet of the membrane type oxygenator, and the carbon dioxide of the mixed gas flowing out of the gas outlet of the membrane type oxygenator is measured in real time. And determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration.
In summary, the embodiment of the application discloses an electronic air-oxygen mixer, which can monitor the volume flow of mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration of an air outlet of a membrane type oxygenator in real time through an oxygen concentration flow sensor and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor integrated in the electronic air-oxygen mixer, so that the electronic air-oxygen mixer can calculate and update the carbon dioxide clearance in real time and continuously. The method is not only beneficial to reducing errors caused by periodical sampling and improving the accuracy and reliability of the carbon dioxide clearance data, but also enables doctors to quickly respond according to the carbon dioxide clearance data of patients, discover the condition of function decline or blockage of the membrane oxygenator in time, avoid carbon dioxide retention in the patients, and further enhance the safety of the patients.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of another electronic air-oxygen mixer according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The electronic air-oxygen mixer shown in fig. 2 includes a mixing chamber, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor and a main control module, and is similar to the embodiment and will not be described here again.
In a specific implementation, the electronic air-oxygen mixer as shown in fig. 2 further includes a first regulating valve and a second regulating valve. The first regulating valve is connected with the air inlet and used for regulating the medical compressed air flow entering the mixing cavity. The second regulating valve is connected with the oxygen inlet and is used for regulating the oxygen flow entering the mixing cavity. It will be appreciated that medical compressed air requires rigorous filtration and drying treatments to ensure its purity and safety.
And the main control module is also used for dynamically adjusting the opening degrees of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve according to the carbon dioxide clearance rate so as to control the oxygen concentration and the flow of the mixed gas.
Specifically, when the carbon dioxide removal rate is low (e.g., the carbon dioxide removal rate is lower than the first value), which generally means that the patient may need a higher oxygen concentration to facilitate carbon dioxide removal, the main control module may increase the opening of the second regulator valve to increase the oxygen flow rate and/or decrease the opening of the first regulator valve to decrease the air flow rate, thereby reducing inactive gas components such as nitrogen in the mixed gas and indirectly increasing the oxygen concentration. When the carbon dioxide removal rate is high (e.g., the carbon dioxide removal rate is higher than the second value), which means that the current oxygen concentration is too high, and needs to be reduced appropriately to avoid the potential risk of oxygen poisoning, the main control module may decrease the opening of the second regulating valve to decrease the oxygen flow rate, and/or increase the opening of the first regulating valve to increase the air flow rate, thereby increasing the nitrogen content in the mixed gas and indirectly decreasing the oxygen concentration.
Therefore, through the dynamic regulation mechanism, the electronic air-oxygen mixer can automatically regulate the proportion of oxygen and air in the mixed gas according to the real-time breathing condition of a patient, and ensures the safety and effectiveness of treatment. The automatic process not only reduces the manual intervention requirement of medical staff and reduces the operation difficulty and error risk, but also can provide more accurate and personalized treatment support and meet the specific requirements of different patients.
In some specific implementations, the main control module is further configured to trigger an alarm indication to alert an operator or healthcare worker of an operational anomaly that may exist in the current device when the carbon dioxide clearance rate is higher than the third value or the carbon dioxide clearance rate is lower than the fourth value (i.e., the carbon dioxide clearance rate is outside a preset safety range). The third value is a preset highest value, the fourth value is a preset lowest value, and the third value is higher than the fourth value.
Specifically, when the carbon dioxide removal rate is higher than the third value, this generally means that the oxygen concentration in the mixed gas may be too high, resulting in excessive removal of carbon dioxide. Excessive carbon dioxide removal can lead to respiratory alkalosis, a disorder of acid-base balance caused by a decrease in the concentration of bicarbonate in the blood. To avoid this risk, the main control module will trigger an alarm indication, reminding the operator or healthcare personnel to immediately check and adjust the mixing ratio of oxygen and air, ensuring that the oxygen concentration is within a safe range.
Conversely, when the carbon dioxide removal rate is lower than the fourth value, this generally means that the oxygen concentration in the mixed gas is too low or the gas flow rate is insufficient, resulting in low carbon dioxide removal efficiency. In this case, the patient may be at risk of respiratory acidosis, i.e. too high a concentration of bicarbonate in the blood, leading to a disturbed acid-base balance. In order to ensure the safety of patients, the main control module can trigger an alarm indication to remind operators or medical staff to take action rapidly, increase the oxygen flow or adjust the mixing proportion so as to improve the carbon dioxide clearance rate and avoid acidosis.
Triggering of the alarm indication is typically accomplished by an audible and visual or other form of alarm signal to ensure that the operator or healthcare worker is able to quickly notice the current operational state of the device. Such alert signals may include, but are not limited to, audible alerts, light signal alerts, remote alerts, and the like.
Therefore, the introduction of the alarm indication function not only improves the safety and reliability of the electronic air-oxygen mixer, but also enhances the monitoring capability of operators or medical staff on the running state of equipment. By responding to the alarm indication in time, the potential medical risk can be quickly found and corrected, and the patient is ensured to receive safe and effective treatment. Meanwhile, the risk of medical accidents caused by equipment faults or misoperation is reduced, and the overall medical service quality is improved.
In some specific implementations, the electronic air-oxygen hybrid instrument may be powered by a DC12V power supply and connected to the display module via a communication protocol such as a controller area network (Controller Area Network, CAN). The CAN bus is a serial communication bus with multiple hosts, and has the characteristics of high communication rate, strong anti-interference capability, long transmission distance and the like. In medical equipment, a CAN bus is commonly used for connecting each functional module, so that high-speed and reliable data transmission is realized.
The main control module is further configured to send the carbon dioxide removal rate, the volume flow rate of the mixed gas, and the carbon dioxide concentration to the display module in real time, so that the display module displays at least one of the carbon dioxide removal rate, the volume flow rate of the mixed gas, and the carbon dioxide concentration through an intuitive interface. These interfaces may include digital displays, graphical interfaces, etc., and users (e.g., patients, family members) and doctor's may learn about the treatment effect by looking at these data to make more informed decisions.
In summary, the embodiment of the application discloses an electronic air-oxygen mixer, which can monitor the volume flow of mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration of an air outlet of a membrane type oxygenator in real time through an oxygen concentration flow sensor and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor integrated in the electronic air-oxygen mixer, so that the electronic air-oxygen mixer can calculate and update the carbon dioxide clearance in real time and continuously. The method is not only beneficial to reducing errors caused by periodical sampling and improving the accuracy and reliability of the carbon dioxide clearance data, but also enables doctors to quickly respond according to the carbon dioxide clearance data of patients, discover the condition of function decline or blockage of the membrane oxygenator in time, avoid carbon dioxide retention in the patients, and further enhance the safety of the patients.
Example III
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 3, the data transmission system includes the electronic air-oxygen mixer disclosed in the first or second embodiment, and the ECMO host or the ECMO hostAnd a host. Wherein the ECMO host orThe host is used to support or replace the pulmonary function of the patient, especially in cases of severe respiratory failure or heart failure. They are exchanged through a membrane oxygenator to provide the patient with the necessary oxygen and nutrients while scavenging carbon dioxide and other waste products from the body. And the electronic air-oxygen mixing instrument is connected with the ECMO host or the ECMO host through a communication protocol such as CANThe host establishes a communication connection.
The main control module is also used for real-time forwarding to the ECMO host orThe host sends the carbon dioxide removal rate. Thus, ECMO host orThe host computer can more accurately adjust treatment parameters such as gas flow, oxygen concentration and the like by receiving the carbon dioxide clearance data sent by the electronic air-oxygen mixer. The accurate adjustment is helpful for optimizing the treatment effect, reducing the occurrence of complications and improving the survival rate and the life quality of patients.
In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission system by integrating an electronic air-oxygen mixer and an ECMO host or a data transmission systemThe host computer realizes data interaction through the efficient communication protocol, and the accuracy and the safety of treatment are greatly improved. It not only helps doctors to evaluate the treatment progress and response of patients more accurately, but also provides powerful support for accurate adjustment of treatment parameters. The application of the technical scheme can help to improve the effect of external pulmonary oxygenation or external carbon dioxide removal treatment, and bring better treatment effect and survival quality to patients.
Example IV
Referring to fig. 4, a flowchart of a method for detecting a carbon dioxide removal rate according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The method is applied to the electronic air-oxygen mixer disclosed in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
S401, acquiring the gas flow of the mixed gas detected by an oxygen concentration flow sensor in real time and the carbon dioxide concentration at the gas outlet of the membrane type oxygenator detected by a carbon dioxide concentration sensor in real time.
And S402, determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow rate and the carbon dioxide concentration of the mixed gas.
In some specific implementations, the carbon dioxide removal rate may be determined from the volumetric flow rate of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration by the following equation (2):
(2)
Wherein, For the rate of carbon dioxide removal,For the volume flow of the mixed gas,Is the concentration of carbon dioxide.
In some specific implementations, the method further includes triggering an alarm indication when the carbon dioxide clearance is above a third value or the carbon dioxide clearance is below a fourth value, wherein the third value is above the fourth value.
In some specific implementations, an electronic air-oxygen mixer is used to perform in-vitro carbon dioxide scavenging with an in-vitro membranous pulmonary oxygenation ECMO hostA host computer is in communication connection;
The method also comprises real-time sending to ECMO host or ECMO host The host sends the carbon dioxide removal rate.
In summary, the embodiment of the application discloses a method for detecting the carbon dioxide clearance, which can monitor the volume flow of mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration of an air outlet of a membrane type oxygenator in real time through an oxygen concentration flow sensor and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor integrated in an electronic air-oxygen mixer, so that the electronic air-oxygen mixer can calculate and update the carbon dioxide clearance continuously in real time. The method is not only beneficial to reducing errors caused by periodical sampling and improving the accuracy and reliability of the carbon dioxide clearance data, but also enables doctors to quickly respond according to the carbon dioxide clearance data of patients, discover the condition of function decline or blockage of the membrane oxygenator in time, avoid carbon dioxide retention in the patients, and further enhance the safety of the patients.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of a computer readable medium according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The computer-readable medium 500 stores a computer program 511, and the computer program 511, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for detecting carbon dioxide removal rate shown in fig. 4.
It should be noted that in the context of the present application, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
It should be noted that the machine-readable medium according to the present application may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination of the above. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to, an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present application, however, the computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, with the computer-readable program code embodied therein. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to electrical wiring, fiber optic cable, RF (radio frequency), and the like, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The computer readable medium may be included in the electronic device or may exist alone without being incorporated into the electronic device.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are example forms of implementing the claims.
While several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the scope of the disclosure referred to in the present application is not limited to the specific combinations of technical features described above, but also covers other technical features formed by any combination of the technical features described above or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. Such as the above-mentioned features and the technical features disclosed in the present application (but not limited to) having similar functions are replaced with each other.
Claims (10)
1. The electronic air-oxygen mixer is characterized by comprising a mixing cavity, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor and a main control module;
The device comprises a mixing cavity, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, a main control module, an oxygen concentration flow sensor, a membrane type oxygenator, a gas inlet, a mixed gas outlet, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, wherein the mixing cavity is provided with the air inlet, the oxygen inlet and the mixed gas outlet;
The mixing cavity is used for mixing medical compressed air input through the air inlet and oxygen input through the oxygen inlet to obtain mixed gas, and the mixed gas is input into the air inlet of the membrane oxygenator through the oxygen concentration flow sensor through the mixed gas outlet;
The oxygen concentration flow sensor is used for monitoring the volume flow of the mixed gas in real time;
The carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor is used for monitoring the carbon dioxide concentration of the gas outlet of the membrane oxygenator in real time;
The main control module is used for determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration.
2. The electronic air-oxygen mixer of claim 1, wherein the formula for determining the carbon dioxide removal rate from the volumetric flow rate of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration is as follows:
;
Wherein, For the rate of carbon dioxide removal,For the volume flow of the mixed gas,Is the concentration of carbon dioxide.
3. The electronic air-oxygen mixer of claim 1, further comprising a first regulating valve and a second regulating valve, wherein the first regulating valve is connected to the air inlet, the first regulating valve is used for regulating the flow of medical compressed air entering the mixing cavity;
The main control module is also used for controlling the opening degrees of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve according to the carbon dioxide clearance rate.
4. The electronic air-oxygen mixer of claim 3, wherein the main control module is specifically configured to increase the opening of the second regulating valve and/or decrease the opening of the first regulating valve when the carbon dioxide removal rate is lower than a first value;
And when the carbon dioxide clearance rate is higher than a second value, increasing the opening degree of the first regulating valve and/or reducing the opening degree of the second regulating valve, wherein the second value is higher than the first value.
5. The electronic air-oxygen mixer of claim 1, wherein the main control module is further configured to trigger an alarm indication when the carbon dioxide clearance is above a third value or the carbon dioxide clearance is below a fourth value, wherein the third value is higher than the fourth value.
6. The electronic air-oxygen mixer of claim 1, wherein the electronic air-oxygen mixer is adapted to be communicatively coupled to a display module;
The main control module is further configured to send the carbon dioxide removal rate, the volume flow rate of the mixed gas, and the carbon dioxide concentration to the display module in real time, so that the display module displays at least one of the carbon dioxide removal rate, the volume flow rate of the mixed gas, and the carbon dioxide concentration.
7. The electronic air-oxygen mixer of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the electronic air-oxygen mixer is used for in vitro carbon dioxide scavenging or in vitro lung oxygenation ECMO host machineA host computer is in communication connection;
The main control module is also used for real-time sending to the ECMO host computer or the ECMO host computer And the host sends the carbon dioxide clearance rate.
8. A method for detecting carbon dioxide removal rate, which is applied to an electronic air-oxygen mixer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring the gas flow of the mixed gas detected by an oxygen concentration flow sensor in real time and the carbon dioxide concentration of an air outlet of a membrane type oxygenator detected by a carbon dioxide concentration sensor in real time;
And determining the carbon dioxide clearance according to the volume flow of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the formula for determining the carbon dioxide removal rate from the volumetric flow rate of the mixed gas and the carbon dioxide concentration is as follows:
;
Wherein, For the rate of carbon dioxide removal,For the volume flow of the mixed gas,Is the concentration of carbon dioxide.
10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the electronic air-oxygen mixer is used in combination with an in vitro membranous pulmonary oxygenation ECMO host or in vitro carbon dioxide scavengingA host computer is in communication connection;
the method further comprises real-time forwarding to the ECMO host or the ECMO host And the host sends the carbon dioxide clearance rate.
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