CN119935379A - Equipment and method for studying residual compressive stress introduced into workpiece after surface strengthening - Google Patents
Equipment and method for studying residual compressive stress introduced into workpiece after surface strengthening Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of residual compressive stress detection of workpieces, in particular to equipment and a method for researching introduced residual compressive stress of workpieces based on surface strengthening. The device and the method for researching the introduced residual compressive stress of the workpiece based on surface strengthening are provided, and comprise a double-shaft moving platform, an adsorption mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a sizing mechanism, a six-shaft robot and a pressing mechanism, so that the research of the introduced residual compressive stress of the workpiece based on surface strengthening is realized, and the accuracy of detecting the residual compressive stress of the workpiece based on surface strengthening is improved by correcting a calculated value of the residual compressive stress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of residual compressive stress detection of workpieces, in particular to equipment and a method for researching introduced residual compressive stress of workpieces based on surface strengthening.
Background
Ultrasonic rolling, laser shock and shot peening are key technologies for improving the surface performance of materials, and the materials can be enhanced in fatigue strength and corrosion resistance by introducing residual compressive stress on the surfaces of the materials, so that the materials play an important role in the key fields of aviation, aerospace and the like. Excessive strengthening may cause the surface roughness of the material to increase and generate non-uniform residual compressive stress, thereby introducing cracks, affecting the integrity and reliability of the workpiece, while insufficient strengthening may cause insufficient introduction of the residual compressive stress, reducing the fatigue life and crack resistance of the workpiece, thereby affecting the service performance of the workpiece, while the introduction of the residual compressive stress research can reveal the stress state inside the workpiece, help identify the potential problems thereof, balance the strengthening effect by optimizing the process parameters, and ensure the performance and safety of the workpiece in the service process after strengthening.
At present, the methods for introducing residual compressive stress research comprise an X-ray diffraction technology, a neutron diffraction technology, a blind hole method, an ultrasonic technology, a profile method and a crack compliance method, wherein the X-ray diffraction technology is suitable for detecting the surface residual compressive stress, when the stress distribution of 0-2mm is measured, the X-ray diffraction technology needs to be corroded layer by layer, the corrosion depth is difficult to control, the period is long, the X-ray diffraction technology and the neutron diffraction technology are expensive to operate, the experiment and application cost are high, the ultrasonic technology is difficult to detect the stress distribution of 0-2mm and is not suitable for researching the residual compressive stress of a workpiece after surface strengthening, the profile method and the crack compliance method are suitable for detecting the stress at a certain distance from the surface of the workpiece, and the blind hole method has poor characterization capability on the surface stress of the workpiece, and is widely applied due to the advantages of small damage to the workpiece, no influence on the performance of the workpiece, simplicity and the like.
The conventional blind hole method is mainly used for researching the residual compressive stress of a workpiece after non-surface strengthening, and aims at the workpiece after surface strengthening, the stress value distribution corresponding to the gradient blind hole drilling is required to be collected (for example, the gradient blind hole drilling of 0-2mm is carried out, the depth of the blind hole drilled each time is 0.05mm, namely, the depth of the blind hole drilled each time is required to be 0.05-0.1-2 mm, and the corresponding stress value is required to be collected after the blind hole is drilled each time), namely, the total of 40 blind hole depths is required to be obtained through a collecting instrument, and finally the residual compressive stress in the x direction and the y direction is solved according to the strain value.
The device is characterized in that the device is a device in a full-automatic pasting device for a resistance triaxial resistance strain gauge, and aims at a workpiece after non-surface strengthening, the device also comprises a polishing and dedusting station, the surface of the workpiece after surface strengthening does not need polishing and dedusting processing, but cleaning is needed, meanwhile, a conventional blind hole drilling part in the prior art is generally completed by a single device, and the blind hole drilling in the prior art is low-speed drilling, so that mechanical processing stress and cutting thermal stress are easy to generate, and the release of residual compressive stress in the workpiece after surface strengthening is easy to be influenced, so that a device for pasting the strain gauge and drilling blind holes at high speed based on the research of the residual compressive stress introduced into the workpiece after surface strengthening and a corresponding method for researching the residual compressive stress introduced into the workpiece are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the prior art lacks a device for researching the introduced residual compressive stress of a workpiece based on surface strengthening and integrating a strain gauge pasting and a high-speed blind hole drilling, and a corresponding method for researching the introduced residual compressive stress, and provides a novel device and a novel method for researching the introduced residual compressive stress of the workpiece based on surface strengthening.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
An apparatus for introducing residual compressive stress into a workpiece based on surface strengthening, comprising:
The adsorption mechanism is used for adsorbing and fixing the surface-reinforced workpiece, and the adsorption mechanism is also provided with an oil injection assembly for cooling and injecting oil to the surface-reinforced workpiece:
the cleaning mechanism is used for realizing dead angle-free cleaning of the workpiece after surface strengthening;
The gluing mechanism is used for gluing the position, on which the strain gauge needs to be adhered, of the surface of the workpiece after surface strengthening;
The feeding mechanism comprises a six-axis robot and a strain gauge storage table, the strain gauge storage table is used for storing strain gauges, two end effectors of the six-axis robot are respectively provided with an air floatation main shaft and a strain gauge suction nozzle, the strain gauge suction nozzle is used for adsorbing the strain gauges on the strain gauge storage table, and the air floatation main shaft is provided with a drill bit;
A pressing mechanism for pressing the strain gauge adhered to the surface-strengthened workpiece;
The acquisition instrument is connected with the strain gauge to acquire a strain value;
the double-shaft moving mechanism is used for driving the adsorption mechanism to move in the front-back and left-right directions and moving the adsorption mechanism to the corresponding positions of the cleaning mechanism, the gluing mechanism, the six-axis robot, the strain gauge storage table and the pressing mechanism;
and the PLC is used for controlling the double-shaft moving mechanism, the cleaning mechanism, the gluing mechanism, the six-shaft robot and the pressing mechanism to perform corresponding actions.
Further, press the mechanism including the mount and be fixed in guide rail on the mount, the slider, press the subassembly, the guide rail is all arranged along upper and lower direction with the slider and the two adaptation is connected, press one side that the subassembly is located the slider, press the subassembly including the fixed plate, down the connecting plate, two backup pads, the driving gear, driven gear, the motor, press the gyro wheel, press the pivot, the fixed axle, antiseized paper tape, the transfer gyro wheel, collect the gyro wheel, the lower connecting plate level is arranged and is fixed in the side of slider, it has the hole to press to open down on the connecting plate, the fixed plate is vertical to be arranged and insert and be fixed in pressing the downthehole, the upper end of the right side of fixed plate is fixed in to the motor, the motor pivot rotates to be connected in the fixed plate and stretch in the left side of upper connecting plate, driving gear and transfer gyro wheel all are located the fixed plate left side and all overlap in the motor pivot, fixed axle vertical to be fixed in the lower tip of fixed plate left side, the fixed axle upper rotation cover is equipped with the collection gyro wheel and with the driven gear of driving gear meshing, driven gear and collection gyro wheel is fixed with the gyro wheel, two backup pads are distributed about and all vertical to be fixed in the bottom surface of lower connecting plate, the intrinsic rotation of pivot, press the middle part cover of pivot is pressed the gyro wheel is pressed down, the opposite end cover is equipped with the anti-sticking roller, press the paper tape to press the opposite end is fixed in the opposite end of the wire groove of the roller.
When the strain gauge is pressed, the motor is started, the motor rotating shaft rotates to drive the driving gear and the conveying roller to rotate, the driving gear rotates to drive the driven gear to rotate, the driven gear rotates to drive the collecting roller to rotate, the pressing roller is forced to rotate through the anti-sticking paper tape, the strain gauge is pressed in a rolling mode through the pressing roller, the conveying roller is used for conveying a new anti-sticking paper tape, the collecting roller is used for collecting the used anti-sticking paper tape, glue on the pressing roller is prevented from being stuck to the pressing roller to affect the next use, meanwhile, the upper position and the lower position of the pressing roller are controlled through the PLC control sliding block, and the pressing force is guaranteed.
Further, the pressing assembly further comprises an upper connecting plate which is arranged in parallel with the lower connecting plate, the upper connecting plate is located above the lower connecting plate and is fixed on the side face of the sliding block, guide rods are fixed at four corners between the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate, stability of the pressing mechanism is improved, and the pressing rollers are guaranteed to press vertically.
Further, six-dimensional force sensor has been disposed to six-axis robot end, six-dimensional force sensor's output is connected with the PLC controller, first preliminary pressing force when being used for detecting six-axis robot and pasting the foil gage, prevent to lead to the fact the damage to the foil gage when preliminary pressing force is too big, be convenient for also realize preliminary pressing force's invariable simultaneously, improve the uniformity of pasting the foil gage, second be used for carrying out cutting force collection, be convenient for drilling zero setting, namely when the drill bit does not cut the work piece after the surface strengthening, cutting force is 0, when the drill bit just cuts the work piece after the surface strengthening, cutting force changes, the cutting position of this moment is the zero bit.
Further, adsorption mechanism, cleaning mechanism, rubberizing mechanism, six robots, strain gauge store the platform, press the mechanism and place in proper order along left and right directions and all be located biax mobile mechanism front side, the overall arrangement is normalized and more reasonable.
The method for realizing the research of introducing residual compressive stress into the workpiece based on surface strengthening by adopting the equipment comprises the following steps:
1) The workpiece with the strengthened surface is adsorbed and fixed on an adsorption mechanism;
2) The PLC controls the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism to move to the corresponding position of the cleaning mechanism, and the cleaning mechanism cleans the workpiece with no dead angle after surface strengthening;
3) The PLC controls the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism to move to the corresponding position of the gluing mechanism, and controls the gluing mechanism to smear glue to the position of the workpiece, which is subjected to surface strengthening and needs to be pasted with the strain gauge, and controls the glue outlet amount of the gluing mechanism;
4) The PLC controls the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism to move to the corresponding position of the feeding mechanism, the six-shaft robot adsorbs the strain gauge from the strain gauge storage table through the strain gauge suction nozzle and attaches the adsorbed strain gauge to the specified position of the workpiece after surface strengthening, and then the strain gauge is initially pressed to finish the initial adhesion of the strain gauge;
5) The PLC controls the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism to move to the corresponding position of the pressing mechanism, and controls the pressing mechanism to press the strain gauge adhered to the surface-reinforced workpiece, so that final adhesion of the strain gauge is completed;
6) Connecting the acquisition instrument with the strain gauge, controlling the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism to move to the corresponding position of the six-shaft robot drill bit by the PLC controller, controlling the air floatation main shaft of the six-shaft robot to move, driving the drill bit to perform gradient high-speed drilling blind hole processing on the workpiece with the surface strengthened by the air floatation main shaft, performing oil spraying cooling on the workpiece with the oil spraying assembly on the adsorption mechanism, and acquiring corresponding actually measured strain values in the x direction and actually measured strain values in the y direction by the acquisition instrument;
7) According to the x-direction actual measurement strain value and the y-direction actual measurement strain value obtained in the step 6), a corresponding residual compressive stress value is calculated, and the specific calculation method is as follows:
a. Setting uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation matched with the gradient high-speed drilling blind hole machining in the step 6), acquiring corresponding x-direction simulation strain value and y-direction simulation strain value through uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation, and calculating to obtain a stress calibration constant through a formula ① Stress calibration constant,
①
Wherein, For the calibration constant of the stress,For the calibration constant of the stress,Is the modulus of elasticity of the material,The strain value is simulated for the x-direction,The strain value is simulated for the y-direction,Is a uniaxial tensile stress simulation value;
b. Calculating the specific energy of shape change according to a formula ②, establishing a first graph related to the relationship between the depth of the blind hole and the simulation value of uniaxial tensile stress and the specific energy of shape change, and establishing a specific energy and a stress calibration constant related to the depth of the blind hole and the specific energy of shape change A second graph of the relationship, establishing specific energy and stress calibration constant for blind hole depth and shape changeIs shown in the graph (c),
②
Wherein, To change the specific energy for a shape,Is poisson's ratio;
c. Calibrating stress calibration constant corresponding to yield strength of surface reinforced workpiece with uniaxial tensile stress simulation value equal to 0.6 times Stress calibration constantRespectively the stress calibration constant fixed valuesConstant value of stress calibrationBy calibrating constant values with stressConstant value of stress calibration constantAnd the x-direction simulation strain value reversely solving the corresponding uniaxial tensile stress theoretical value according to a formula ③, establishing a fourth graph related to the relationship between the depth of the blind hole and the uniaxial tensile stress simulation value and the uniaxial tensile stress theoretical value,
③
Wherein, Is a theoretical value of uniaxial tensile stress;
d. Utilizing the x-direction actual measurement strain value, the y-direction actual measurement strain value acquired in the step 6) and the stress calibration constant fixed value calibrated in the step c) Constant value of stress calibration constantCalculating to obtain a first residual compressive stress value in the x direction according to a formula ④, taking the calculated first residual compressive stress value in the x direction as a theoretical uniaxial tensile stress value, putting the theoretical uniaxial tensile stress value in a fourth graph established in the step c to match a corresponding simulation uniaxial tensile stress value,
④
Wherein, Is the first residual compressive stress value in the x direction,For the measured strain value in the x-direction,The strain value is actually measured in the y direction;
e. placing the uniaxial tensile stress simulation value matched in the step d in a first curve graph to match the corresponding shape change specific energy, and then placing the matched shape change specific energy in a second curve graph and a third curve graph to match the corresponding stress calibration constant respectively Stress calibration constantFinally, the matched stress calibration constant is utilizedStress calibration constantAnd step 6) obtaining an x-direction actual measurement strain value and a y-direction actual measurement strain value, calculating a second residual compressive stress value in the x-direction and a second residual compressive stress value in the y-direction according to a formula ⑤, respectively taking the calculated second residual compressive stress value in the x-direction and the calculated second residual compressive stress value in the y-direction as final residual compressive stress values,
⑤
Wherein, A second residual compressive stress value in the x direction,Is the second residual compressive stress value in the y-direction.
In step c, the calibrated yield stress determined by the stress-increasing uniaxial tensile test is used as the yield strength of the workpiece after surface strengthening, the uniaxial tensile stress in the stress-increasing uniaxial tensile test is increased for a plurality of times, one strain data acquisition time is remained when the uniaxial tensile stress is increased once, and when the strain data in a certain strain data acquisition time continuously increases for the first time, the corresponding uniaxial tensile stress is determined to be the calibrated yield stress of the workpiece after surface strengthening. The method for determining the nominal yield stress of the part is determined based on the phenomenon of uniaxial stress increase tensile test, namely, when the uniaxial tensile stress reaches a certain value in the yield stage, the uniaxial tensile stress is not increased and the strain value is continuously increased, which indicates that the workpiece starts to generate plastic deformation after surface strengthening at the moment, so that the corresponding uniaxial tensile stress is determined as the nominal yield stress of the workpiece after surface strengthening at the moment, and the error level of the yield strength to the result in national standards is avoided.
Further, in the uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation in the step a, dividing a finite element simulation grid according to the acquisition area of the actual strain gauge so as to calculate the stress calibration constantStress calibration constantThe method is more in line with the actual working principle of the strain gauge, so that the accuracy of the finally calculated residual compressive stress value is further improved.
Further, a plurality of blind holes with depths respectively matched with the processing depths of the gradient highly drilled blind holes in the step 6) are distributed in a simulation model of the workpiece after surface strengthening in the uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation, so that the simulation times are reduced.
Furthermore, the first curve graph, the second curve graph, the third curve graph and the fourth curve graph are established by performing curve smooth fitting through MATLAB programming, so that the workload is reduced, and the error is small.
The invention has the advantages that 1) the six-axis robot is provided with two end effectors which are respectively a strain gauge suction nozzle and an air floatation spindle, the air floatation spindle is used for realizing high-speed drilling, the air floatation spindle is matched with an oil spraying assembly for cooling a workpiece after surface strengthening, so that the influence of mechanical processing stress and cutting thermal stress generated in the conventional blind hole method low-speed drilling process on the release of residual compressive stress in the workpiece after surface strengthening is reduced, meanwhile, the strain gauge suction nozzle is used for realizing the grabbing of the strain gauge, the structure is compact and easy to realize, 2) the collecting roller, the pressing roller, the conveying roller and the anti-sticking paper tape are arranged in the pressing mechanism, the rolling pressing of the strain gauge adhered on the workpiece after surface strengthening and the real-time replacement of the anti-sticking paper tape are realized, 3) the cleaning mechanism is added for realizing the cleaning of the workpiece after surface strengthening, 4) the equipment is realized through a feasible method of introducing the residual compressive stress research on the workpiece after surface strengthening by a PLC, the residual compressive stress value is corrected, the detection of the residual compressive stress after surface strengthening is improved, 6) the initial yield stress is accurately detected, and the influence on the yield stress in the national yield strength is avoided by the initial yield stress test.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an adsorption mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cleaning mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a six-axis robot;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a strain gage storage station;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the pressing mechanism;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the pressing mechanism;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a finite element simulation grid divided by the acquisition area of an actual strain gage;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a simulated surface enhanced workpiece model in uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation;
FIG. 10 is a first graph of the relationship between blind hole depth and uniaxial tensile stress simulation and shape change specific energy established in step b;
FIG. 11 is a second graph relating blind hole depth to shape change specific energy, stress calibration constant A, established in step b;
FIG. 12 is a third graph of the specific energy, stress calibration constant B, for blind hole depth versus shape change established in step B;
FIG. 13 is a fourth graph of the relationship between the depth of the blind hole and the theoretical value of uniaxial tensile stress, which is established in the step c;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the residual compressive stress value and the blind hole depth obtained by the detection method of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the relationship between the residual compressive stress value and the blind hole depth measured by the ABAQUS ultrasonic rolling finite element simulation method.
In the figure, the device comprises a 1-adsorption mechanism, a 101-oil injection assembly, a 2-cleaning mechanism, a 201-high-pressure cleaning head, a 202-air gun, a 3-gluing mechanism, a 4-six-axis robot, a 401-air floatation spindle, a 402-strain gauge suction nozzle, a 403-drill bit, a 404-six-dimensional force sensor, a 5-strain gauge storage table, a 501-strain gauge, a 6-pressing mechanism, a 601-guide rail, a 602-slider, a 603-fixing plate, a 604-upper connecting plate, a 605-supporting plate, a 606-lower connecting plate, a 607-driving gear, a 608-guide rod, a 609-fixing frame, a 610-pressing roller 611-anti-sticking paper tape, a 612-conveying roller, a 613-collecting roller, a 614-pressing rotating shaft, 615-pressing holes, a 7-double-axis moving mechanism and an 8-surface-strengthened workpiece.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, a further description of the invention will be made. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. It should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms described above will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and it is apparent that the embodiments in the specification are only some, rather than all, of the embodiments of the present invention.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-7, an apparatus for introducing residual compressive stress into a workpiece based on surface strengthening, comprising:
The adsorption mechanism 1 is used for adsorbing and fixing the surface-reinforced workpiece 8, and the adsorption mechanism 1 is further provided with an oil injection assembly 101 for cooling and injecting oil to the surface-reinforced workpiece 8:
a cleaning mechanism 2 for realizing dead-angle-free cleaning of the workpiece 8 after surface strengthening;
The gluing mechanism 3 is used for gluing the position, on which the strain gauge 501 needs to be adhered, of the surface of the workpiece 8 after surface strengthening;
The feeding mechanism comprises a six-axis robot 4 and a strain gauge storage table 5, wherein the strain gauge storage table 5 is used for storing strain gauges 501, two end effectors of the six-axis robot 4 are respectively provided with an air floatation main shaft 401 and a strain gauge suction nozzle 402, the strain gauge suction nozzle 402 is used for adsorbing the strain gauges 501 on the strain gauge storage table 5, and a drill bit 403 is arranged on the air floatation main shaft 401;
A pressing mechanism 6 for pressing the strain gauge 501 adhered to the surface-strengthened workpiece 8;
the acquisition instrument is used for being connected with the strain gauge 501 to acquire a strain value;
The double-shaft moving mechanism 7, the adsorption mechanism 1 is fixed on the double-shaft moving mechanism 7, and the double-shaft moving mechanism 7 is used for driving the adsorption mechanism 1 to move in the front-back and left-right directions and move to the corresponding positions of the cleaning mechanism 2, the gluing mechanism 3, the six-shaft robot 4, the strain gauge storage table 5 and the pressing mechanism 6;
and the PLC is used for controlling the double-shaft moving platform, the cleaning mechanism 2, the gluing mechanism 3, the six-shaft robot 4 and the pressing mechanism to perform corresponding actions.
In specific implementation, the pressing mechanism 6 comprises a fixing frame 609, a guide rail 601, a sliding block 602 and a pressing component, wherein the guide rail 601, the sliding block 602 and the pressing component are fixed on the fixing frame 609, the guide rail 601 and the sliding block 602 are arranged along the up-down direction and are connected in an adaptive manner, the pressing component is positioned on one side of the sliding block 602, the pressing component comprises a fixed plate 603, a lower connecting plate 606, two supporting plates 605, a driving gear 607, a driven gear, a motor, a pressing roller 610, a pressing rotating shaft 614, a fixed shaft, an anti-sticking paper tape 611, a conveying roller 612 and a collecting roller 613, the lower connecting plate 606 is horizontally arranged and is fixed on the side surface of the sliding block 602, the lower connecting plate 606 is provided with a pressing hole 615, the fixed plate 603 is vertically arranged and is inserted and fixed in the pressing hole 615, the motor is fixed on the upper end part of the right side surface of the fixed plate 603, the motor rotating shaft is connected to the fixed plate 603 and extends to the left side of the upper connecting plate 604, the driving gear 607 and the conveying roller 612 are both positioned on the left side of the fixed plate 603 and are both sleeved and fixed on the motor rotating shaft, the fixed shaft is vertically fixed on the lower end part of the left side surface of the fixed plate 603, the fixed shaft is rotatably sleeved with a collecting roller 613 and a driven gear meshed with the driving gear 607, the driven gear is fixed with the collecting roller 613, the two supporting plates 605 are distributed left and right and are both vertically fixed on the bottom surface of the lower connecting plate 606, two ends of the pressing rotating shaft 614 are respectively and rotatably connected with the two supporting plates 605, the middle part of the pressing rotating shaft 614 is sleeved with the inherent pressing roller 610, the conveying roller 612 and the collecting roller 613 are arranged in an adapting way and are both provided with wire grooves matched with the anti-sticking paper tape 611, one end of the anti-sticking paper tape 611 is fixed on the conveying roller 612, and the other end of the anti-sticking paper tape 611 bypasses the pressing roller 610 and is fixed on the collecting roller 613.
When the anti-sticking paper tape is pressed, the motor is started, the motor rotating shaft rotates to drive the driving gear 607 and the conveying roller 612 to rotate, the driving gear 607 rotates to drive the driven gear to rotate, the driven gear rotates to drive the collecting roller 613 to rotate, the pressing roller 610 is forced to rotate through the anti-sticking paper tape 611, so that the strain gauge 501 is pressed in a rolling manner through the pressing roller 610, the conveying roller 612 is used for conveying a new anti-sticking paper tape 611, the collecting roller 613 is used for collecting the used anti-sticking paper tape 611, glue on the pressing roller 610 is prevented from being adhered to influence on the next use, and meanwhile, the upper position and the lower position of the pressing roller 610 are controlled through the PLC control slide block 602, so that the pressing force is ensured.
In specific implementation, the pressing assembly further comprises an upper connecting plate 604 arranged in parallel with the lower connecting plate 606, the upper connecting plate 604 is located above the lower connecting plate 606 and fixed on the side surface of the sliding block 602, and guide rods 608 are fixed at four corners between the upper connecting plate 604 and the lower connecting plate 606, so that the stability of the pressing mechanism 6 is improved, and the pressing roller 610 is ensured to press vertically.
During the concrete implementation, six-dimensional force sensor 404 has been disposed to six-axis robot 4 end, six-dimensional force sensor 404's output is connected with the PLC controller, first be used for detecting the preliminary pressing force of six-axis robot 4 when pasting strain gauge 501, prevent that the preliminary pressing force from causing the damage to strain gauge 501 when too big, be convenient for also realize the invariable of preliminary pressing force simultaneously, improve the uniformity of pasting strain gauge 501, second be used for carrying out cutting force collection, be convenient for the drilling zero setting, namely when the drill bit 403 does not cut work piece 8 after the surface strengthening, the cutting force is 0, when the drill bit 403 just cuts work piece 8 after the surface strengthening, the cutting force changes, the cutting position of this moment is the drilling zero position.
In this embodiment, adsorption mechanism 1, clean mechanism 2, rubberizing mechanism 3, six robots 4, foil gage repository 5, pressing mechanism 6 place in proper order along the left and right directions and all are located biax moving platform front side, and the overall arrangement is normalized and more reasonable.
In this embodiment, the cleaning mechanism 2 includes a high-pressure cleaning head 201 and an air gun 202, the high-pressure cleaning head 201 is used for cleaning the surface-strengthened workpiece 8, and the air gun 202 is used for drying the surface of the surface-strengthened workpiece 8 by blowing air, so that the cleaning efficiency of the surface-strengthened workpiece 8 is improved.
The method for realizing the research of the residual compressive stress introduced into the workpiece 8 based on the surface strengthening by adopting the equipment comprises the following steps:
1) The workpiece 8 after surface strengthening is adsorbed and fixed on the adsorption mechanism 1;
2) The PLC controls the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism 1 to move to the corresponding position of the cleaning mechanism 2, and the cleaning mechanism 2 carries out dead-angle-free cleaning on the surface-reinforced workpiece 8;
3) The PLC controls the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism 1 to move to the corresponding position of the gluing mechanism 3, and controls the gluing mechanism 3 to realize the smearing of glue at the position of the workpiece 8, which is subjected to surface strengthening and needs to be adhered with the strain gauge 501, and controls the glue outlet amount of the gluing mechanism 3;
4) The PLC controls the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism 1 to move to the corresponding position of the feeding mechanism, the six-shaft robot 4 adsorbs the strain gauge 501 from the strain gauge storage table 5 through the strain gauge suction nozzle 402 and attaches the adsorbed strain gauge 501 to the appointed position of the workpiece 8 after surface strengthening, and then the strain gauge 501 is preliminarily pressed to finish the initial adhesion of the strain gauge 501;
5) The PLC controls the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism 1 to move to the corresponding position of the pressing mechanism 6, and controls the pressing mechanism 6 to press the strain gauge 501 adhered to the surface-reinforced workpiece 8, so that final adhesion of the strain gauge 501 is completed;
6) Connecting the acquisition instrument with the strain gauge 501, controlling the double-shaft moving mechanism to drive the adsorption mechanism 1 to move to the corresponding position of the drill bit 403 at the tail end of the six-shaft robot 4 by the PLC controller, controlling the air floatation main shaft 401 of the six-shaft robot 4 to move by the PLC controller, driving the drill bit 403 to perform 0-2mm gradient high-speed drilling blind hole machining on the workpiece 8 after surface strengthening by the air floatation main shaft 401, dividing the 0-2mm gradient high-speed drilling blind hole into 40 blind hole depths, namely 0.05-0.1-1.95-2 mm, simultaneously performing oil spraying cooling on the workpiece 8 after surface strengthening by matching with the oil spraying component 101 on the adsorption mechanism 1, and acquiring corresponding x-direction actual measurement strain values and y-direction actual measurement strain values by the acquisition instrument;
7) According to the x-direction actual measurement strain value and the y-direction actual measurement strain value obtained in the step 6), a corresponding residual compressive stress value is calculated, and the specific calculation method is as follows:
a. Setting up uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation which is matched with the gradient high-speed drilling blind hole machining in the step 6), setting the uniaxial tensile stress in the uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation to be 0-5-10-..100 MPa for 20 uniaxial tensile stresses, acquiring corresponding x-direction simulation strain value and y-direction simulation strain value through uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation acquisition, and calculating through a formula ① to obtain a stress calibration constant Stress calibration constant,
①
Wherein A is a stress calibration constant, B is a stress calibration constant, E is an elastic modulus,The strain value is simulated for the x-direction,The strain value is simulated for the y-direction,Is a uniaxial tensile stress simulation value;
b. Calculating the specific energy of shape change according to the formula ②, establishing a first graph of the relationship between the blind hole depth and the simulation value of uniaxial tensile stress, the specific energy of shape change, and the stress calibration constant, as shown in FIG. 10 The second graph of the relationship is shown in FIG. 11, establishing specific energy and stress calibration constant for blind hole depth and shape changeA third graph of (c) is shown in figure 12,
②
Wherein, To change the specific energy for a shape,Is poisson's ratio;
c. Stress calibration constant corresponding to yield strength of workpiece 8 after surface strengthening and with nominal uniaxial tensile stress simulation value equal to 0.6 times Stress calibration constantRespectively the stress calibration constant fixed valuesConstant value of stress calibrationBy calibrating constant values with stressConstant value of stress calibration constantAnd the x-direction simulated strain value, the corresponding theoretical uniaxial tensile stress value is reversely calculated according to a formula ③, a fourth graph related to the relationship between the depth of the blind hole and the theoretical uniaxial tensile stress value is established as shown in figure 13,
③
Wherein, Is a theoretical value of uniaxial tensile stress;
d. Utilizing the x-direction actual measurement strain value, y-direction actual measurement strain value collected in the step 6) and the stress calibration constant fixed value calibrated in the step c) Constant value of stress calibration constantCalculating to obtain a first residual compressive stress value in the x direction according to a formula ④, taking the calculated first residual compressive stress value in the x direction as a theoretical uniaxial tensile stress value, and matching the theoretical uniaxial tensile stress value with a corresponding simulation uniaxial tensile stress value in a fourth graph established in the step c,
④
Wherein, Is the first residual compressive stress value in the x direction,For the measured strain value in the x-direction,The strain value is actually measured in the y direction;
e. placing the uniaxial tensile stress simulation value matched in the step d in a first curve graph to match the corresponding shape change specific energy, and then placing the matched shape change specific energy in a second curve graph and a third curve graph to match the corresponding stress calibration constant respectively Stress calibration constantFinally, the matched stress calibration constant is utilizedStress calibration constantAnd step 6) obtaining an x-direction actual measurement strain value and a y-direction actual measurement strain value, calculating a second residual compressive stress value in the x-direction and a second residual compressive stress value in the y-direction according to a formula ⑤, respectively taking the calculated second residual compressive stress value in the x-direction and the calculated second residual compressive stress value in the y-direction as final residual compressive stress values,
⑤
Wherein, A second residual compressive stress value in the x direction,Is the second residual compressive stress value in the y-direction.
In the specific implementation, in the step c, the calibrated yield stress determined by the stress-increasing uniaxial tensile test is used as the yield strength of the workpiece after surface strengthening, the uniaxial tensile stress in the stress-increasing uniaxial tensile test is increased for a plurality of times, one strain data acquisition time is remained when the uniaxial tensile stress is increased once, and when the strain data in a certain strain data acquisition time continuously increases for the first time, the corresponding uniaxial tensile stress is determined to be the calibrated yield stress of the workpiece 8 after surface strengthening. The determination method of the nominal yield stress of the part is determined based on the phenomenon of uniaxial stress increase tensile test, namely, when the uniaxial tensile stress reaches a certain value in the yield stage, the uniaxial tensile stress is not increased any more and the strain value is continuously increased, which indicates that the workpiece 8 starts to generate plastic deformation after surface strengthening at the moment, so that the corresponding uniaxial tensile stress is determined as the nominal yield stress of the workpiece 8 after surface strengthening at the moment, and the influence of the yield strength in national standards on the result is avoided.
In the implementation, as shown in fig. 8, in the uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation in the step a, a finite element simulation grid is divided according to the acquisition area of the actual strain gauge 501, so that the calculated stress calibration constantStress calibration constantThe method is more in line with the actual working principle of the strain gauge 501, so that the accuracy of the finally calculated residual compressive stress value is further improved.
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 9, a plurality of blind holes with depths respectively matched with the machining depths of the gradient highly drilled blind holes in step 6) are distributed in the simulation model of the workpiece 8 after surface strengthening in uniaxial tensile stress finite element simulation, so as to reduce the simulation times.
In the implementation, the first curve graph, the second curve graph, the third curve graph and the fourth curve graph are established by performing curve smooth fitting through MATLAB programming, so that the workload is reduced, and the error is small.
To verify the accuracy of the final residual compressive stress values obtained by the method described in the present invention, two experiments were now verified:
The method comprises the following steps that firstly, the residual compressive stress value of the surface layer X direction of a workpiece 8 after surface reinforcement obtained by an X-ray diffraction technology is-120 MPa+/-15, and the residual compressive stress value of the surface layer X direction of the workpiece after surface reinforcement obtained by the method is-106 MPa, and the two are basically consistent with each other and accord with the error value allowed by the residual compressive stress value;
experiment two second residual compressive stress value in the x-direction to be obtained by the method described in the present invention And a second residual pressure value in the y-directionAnd the residual compressive stress value in the X direction obtained by an ABAQUS uniaxial stretching finite element simulation methodAnd residual compressive stress value in Y directionBy comparison, as shown in FIG. 14, a second residual compressive stress value in the x-direction obtained by the method described in the present invention can be obtainedAnd a second residual pressure value in the y-directionAnd the residual compressive stress value in the X direction obtained by an ABAQUS uniaxial stretching finite element simulation methodAnd residual compressive stress value in Y directionThe residual pressure stress values of the two materials are basically identical, the difference of the residual pressure stress values is within +/-20 MPa, and the error value allowed by the residual pressure stress values is met, so that the method is proved to be truly feasible, and the accuracy of obtaining the residual pressure value by the method is high.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for some or all of the features thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments, and it is intended to cover the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
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