CN119921573A - A wide voltage switching circuit - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种宽压切换电路，包括直流输入端、直流输出端、第一电压控制开关、第二电压控制开关、降压模块、第一可控精密稳压源、第二可控精密稳压源、第三可控精密稳压源、第四可控精密稳压源、第一分压电路、第二分压电路、第三分压电路和过压保护器件，其通过设置第一、第二、第三分压电路的分压比，来调整输入到第一、第二、第三、第四可控精密稳压源的参考端的电压大小，从而控制阴极到阳极是否导通，进而控制第一电压控制开关和第二电压控制开关通断，实现在不同输入电压下切换经第一电压控制开关或第二电压控制开关进行输出，维持适配器在安全电压范围内工作。
The present invention provides a wide voltage switching circuit, comprising a DC input terminal, a DC output terminal, a first voltage control switch, a second voltage control switch, a step-down module, a first controllable precision voltage-stabilizing source, a second controllable precision voltage-stabilizing source, a third controllable precision voltage-stabilizing source, a fourth controllable precision voltage-stabilizing source, a first voltage-dividing circuit, a second voltage-dividing circuit, a third voltage-dividing circuit and an overvoltage protection device. The circuit adjusts the voltage input to the reference terminal of the first, second, third and fourth controllable precision voltage-stabilizing sources by setting the voltage-dividing ratio of the first, second and third voltage-dividing circuits, thereby controlling whether the cathode to the anode is turned on, and further controlling the on and off of the first voltage control switch and the second voltage control switch, so as to realize switching to output through the first voltage control switch or the second voltage control switch under different input voltages, and maintaining the adapter to work within a safe voltage range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of voltage regulation circuits, in particular to a wide-voltage switching circuit.
Background
The adapter is an interface converter, which usually needs to work in a specific voltage range, and the standard working voltage is about 12V, and a certain range of voltage fluctuation, such as 9V-14V, can be allowed in practical use. However, if the input voltage is lower than 9V, the adapter triggers the low voltage protection mechanism to stop working, and if the input voltage exceeds 14V, the working is unstable and even the equipment is damaged due to the excessively high voltage. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the adapter operates within a safe voltage range when it is used on a daily basis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage transmission circuit capable of maintaining an adapter within a safe voltage range.
The invention provides a wide voltage switching circuit which comprises a direct current input end, a direct current output end, a first voltage control switch, a second voltage control switch, a voltage reduction module, a first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, a second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, a third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, a fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, a first voltage dividing circuit, a second voltage dividing circuit, a third voltage dividing circuit and an overvoltage protection device, wherein the first voltage control switch is connected between the direct current input end and the direct current output end after being connected in series with the voltage reduction module, the second voltage control switch is connected between the direct current input end and the direct current output end, the first voltage dividing circuit, the second voltage dividing circuit, the third voltage dividing circuit and the overvoltage protection device are respectively connected between the direct current input end and the ground end in series, a reference end of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with a voltage dividing point of the first voltage dividing circuit, an anode is grounded, a reference end of the second controllable voltage stabilizing source is connected with a voltage dividing point of the second voltage dividing circuit, a reference end of the second controllable voltage stabilizing source is connected with a reference point of the second voltage dividing circuit, a third voltage dividing circuit is connected with a reference point of the second voltage stabilizing circuit, and a third voltage dividing circuit is connected with a reference point of the second voltage stabilizing circuit, the second voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the cathode voltage stabilizing point of the second voltage stabilizing circuit, and the cathode voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the voltage stabilizing point of the third voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the voltage stabilizing point of the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the voltage stabilizing point of the cathode.
Further, the breakdown voltage of the overvoltage protection device is 28V.
Further, the voltage division ratios of the first, second, and third voltage division circuits are set to:
When the input voltage is smaller than 9V, the voltage divided by the first voltage dividing circuit is smaller than the reference voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, the voltage divided by the second voltage dividing circuit is smaller than the reference voltages of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source and the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, and the voltage divided by the third voltage dividing circuit is smaller than the reference voltage of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source;
When the input voltage is not less than 9V but less than 14V, the voltage divided by the first voltage dividing circuit is less than the reference voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, the voltage divided by the second voltage dividing circuit is less than the reference voltages of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source and the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, and the voltage divided by the third voltage dividing circuit is not less than the reference voltage of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source;
When the input voltage is not less than 14V but less than 28V, the voltage divided by the first voltage dividing circuit is less than the reference voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, and the voltage divided by the second voltage dividing circuit is not less than the reference voltages of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source and the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, and the voltage divided by the third voltage dividing circuit is not less than the reference voltage of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source.
Further, the reference voltages of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source and the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source are 2.5V.
Further, the voltage division ratio of the first voltage division circuit is set to be 10.2:1, the voltage division ratio of the second voltage division circuit is set to be 4.6:1, and the voltage division ratio of the third voltage division circuit is set to be 2.6:1.
The first voltage control switch comprises a first voltage control module, a second voltage control module and a fourth voltage control module, wherein the first voltage control module comprises two P-type MOS tubes, the source electrodes of the first voltage control module are connected with a direct current input end, the drain electrodes of the first voltage control module are connected with a voltage reduction module, the grid electrodes of the first voltage control module are connected with a control end and are connected with the cathode of a second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source, the second voltage control switch comprises a P-type MOS tube, the source electrodes of the second voltage control module are connected with the direct current input end, the drain electrodes of the second voltage control module are connected with a direct current output end, and the grid electrodes of the second voltage control module are connected with the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source.
Further, a first anti-reverse-filling diode is connected in series with a branch where the first voltage control switch and the voltage reduction module are located, and a second anti-reverse-filling diode is connected in series with a branch where the second voltage control switch is located.
Further, an anti-surge module is connected in series between the direct current input end and the ground end, and the anti-surge module comprises an anti-surge resistor and an anti-surge capacitor which are connected in series.
Further, the buck module includes an NDP2450KC buck chip.
Further, a junction between the first voltage control switch and the voltage reduction module is connected with an energy storage filter capacitor.
The invention has the advantages that in the four controllable precise voltage stabilizing sources, if the voltage of the reference terminal is smaller than the reference voltage, the cathode is not conducted to the anode, and if the voltage of the reference terminal is not smaller than the reference voltage, the cathode is conducted to the anode. The reference end of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with the voltage dividing point of the first voltage dividing circuit, the reference ends of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source and the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source are connected with the voltage dividing point of the second voltage dividing circuit, and the reference end of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with the voltage dividing point of the third voltage dividing circuit, so that the voltage magnitude of the reference ends input to the first, second, third and fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing sources can be adjusted by setting the voltage dividing ratio of the first, second and third voltage dividing circuits, thereby controlling whether the cathode to the anode is conducted or not, further controlling the first voltage control switch and the second voltage control switch, and realizing switching output through the first voltage control switch or the second voltage control switch under different input voltages.
The voltage division ratio of the first voltage division circuit, the second voltage division circuit and the third voltage division circuit is set to be that when the input voltage is smaller than 9V, the voltage divided by the first voltage division circuit, the second voltage division circuit and the third voltage division circuit is smaller than the reference voltage of the controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source, when the input voltage is not smaller than 9V but smaller than 14V, the voltage divided by the first voltage division circuit and the second voltage division circuit is smaller than the reference voltage of the controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source, and when the input voltage is not smaller than 14V but smaller than 28V, the voltage divided by the first voltage division circuit is smaller than the reference voltage of the controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source, and the voltage divided by the second voltage division circuit is not smaller than the reference voltage of the controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source. The following steps are:
When the input voltage is smaller than 9V, the reference end voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the first voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is smaller than the reference voltage, the cathode of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, the second voltage dividing circuit is enabled to divide the voltage normally, the reference end voltage of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the second voltage dividing circuit, the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, and because the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with the control end of the first voltage control switch, the first voltage control switch is not conducted when the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, and the input voltage cannot be output to the direct current output end through the first voltage control switch and the voltage reducing module.
Meanwhile, the voltage of the reference end of the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by voltage division of the second voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is smaller than the reference voltage, then the cathode of the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, so that the third voltage dividing circuit is normally divided, the voltage of the reference end of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by voltage division of the third voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is smaller than the reference voltage, then the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, and because the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with the control end of the second voltage control switch, the second voltage control switch is not conducted when the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, and the input voltage cannot be output to the direct current output end through the second voltage control switch.
When the input voltage is not less than 9V but less than 14V, the reference end voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the first voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is less than the reference voltage, the cathode of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode so that the second voltage dividing circuit is normally divided, the reference end voltage of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the second voltage dividing circuit, the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, and because the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with the control end of the first voltage control switch, the first voltage control switch is not conducted when the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, and the input voltage cannot be output to the direct current output end through the first voltage control switch and the voltage reducing module.
Meanwhile, the voltage of the reference end of the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the second voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is smaller than the reference voltage, then the cathode of the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, so that the third voltage dividing circuit is normally divided, the voltage of the reference end of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the third voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is not smaller than the reference voltage, then the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is conducted to the anode, and because the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with the control end of the second voltage control switch, the second voltage control switch is also conducted when the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is conducted to the anode, and the input voltage can be output to the direct current output end through the second voltage control switch.
When the input voltage is not less than 14V but less than 28V, the reference end voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the first voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is less than the reference voltage, the cathode of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, the second voltage dividing circuit is enabled to normally divide the voltage, the reference end voltage of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the second voltage dividing circuit, the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is conducted to the anode, and because the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with the control end of the first voltage control switch, the first voltage control switch is also conducted when the cathode of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is conducted to the anode, the input voltage can be output through the first voltage control switch and the voltage reducing module, and the input voltage is reduced to 9V-14V through the voltage reducing module and then is output to the direct current output end.
Meanwhile, the voltage at the reference end of the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is obtained by dividing the voltage by the second voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is not smaller than the reference voltage, the cathode of the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is conducted to the anode, so that the voltage at the reference end of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is pulled down, the voltage is smaller than the reference voltage, the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, and because the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is connected with the control end of the second voltage control switch, the second voltage control switch is not conducted when the cathode of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source is not conducted to the anode, and the input voltage cannot be output to the direct current output end through the second voltage control switch.
When the input voltage is not less than 28V, the overvoltage protection device breaks down and conducts, and the input voltage of the direct current input end is output to the ground end through the voltage protection device and cannot be output to the direct current output end through the first voltage control switch or the second voltage control switch.
In summary, when the input voltage is not less than 9V or not less than 28V, the input voltage cannot be output to the direct current output end, when the input voltage is not less than 9V but less than 14V, the input voltage is directly output to the direct current output end through the second voltage control switch, when the input voltage is not less than 14V but less than 28V, the input voltage is output through the first voltage control switch and the voltage reduction module, and the input voltage is reduced to 9V-14V through the voltage reduction module and then is output to the direct current output end. Therefore, only 9-14V voltage is output through the wide voltage switching circuit, and the adapter can be maintained to work in a safe voltage range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial circuit of a voltage controlled switching section of a wide voltage switching circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial circuit of a buck module portion of the wide voltage switching circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below in connection with the detailed description.
The present embodiment provides a wide voltage switching circuit, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, which includes a dc input end Vin, a dc output end Vout, a first voltage control switch, a second voltage control switch, a step-down module DCDC, a first controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U1, a second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, a third controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U3, a fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4, a first voltage dividing circuit, a second voltage dividing circuit, a third voltage dividing circuit, and an overvoltage protection device D1. The direct current output end Vout is used for being connected with a power end of the adapter.
The first voltage control switch comprises a P-type MOS tube Q1 and a P-type MOS tube Q2, the grid electrodes of the two MOS tubes Q1 and Q2 are connected to serve as the control end of the first voltage control switch, the source electrodes are connected to the direct current input end Vin, a resistor R7 and a capacitor C1 are connected between the source electrodes and the grid electrodes in series, the drain electrodes are connected to the input end of the voltage reduction module DCDC through a contact VIN 14V-28V, the output end of the voltage reduction module DCDC is connected with the direct current output end Vout, and then the first voltage control switch is connected between the direct current input end Vin and the direct current output end Vout after being connected with the voltage reduction module DCDC in series. The second voltage control switch comprises a P-type MOS tube Q3 and a P-type MOS tube Q4, the grid electrodes of the two MOS tubes Q3 and Q4 are connected to serve as the control end of the second voltage control switch, the source electrode is connected to the direct current input end Vin after being connected, a resistor R8 and a capacitor C2 are connected between the source electrode and the grid electrode in series, the drain electrode is connected to the direct current output end Vout after being connected, and then the second voltage control switch is connected between the direct current input end Vin and the direct current output end Vout.
The first voltage dividing circuit comprises a resistor R1 and a resistor R2 which are connected in series, the second voltage dividing circuit comprises a resistor R3 and a resistor R4 which are connected in series, the third voltage dividing circuit comprises a resistor R5 and a resistor R6 which are connected in series, and the first voltage dividing circuit, the second voltage dividing circuit, the third voltage dividing circuit and the overvoltage protection device D1 are respectively connected in series between the direct current input end Vin and the ground end.
The reference end R of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1 is connected with the voltage dividing point of the first voltage dividing circuit (namely, the junction between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2), the anode A is grounded, and the cathode K is connected with the voltage dividing point of the second voltage dividing circuit (namely, the junction between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4). The reference end R of the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U2 is connected with the voltage dividing point (namely the junction between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4) of the second voltage dividing circuit, the anode A is grounded, and the cathode K is connected with the control end (namely the grid electrodes of the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q2) of the first voltage control switch through the resistor R9. The reference end R of the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U3 is connected with the voltage dividing point of the second voltage dividing circuit (namely the connection point between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4) through the connection point 14V_ON/OFF, the anode A is grounded, and the cathode K is connected with the voltage dividing point of the third voltage dividing circuit (namely the connection point between the resistor R5 and the resistor R6). The reference end R of the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U4 is connected with the voltage dividing point (namely the junction between the resistor R5 and the resistor R6) of the third voltage dividing circuit, the anode A is grounded, and the cathode K is connected with the control end (namely the grid electrodes of the MOS tube Q3 and the MOS tube Q4) of the second voltage control switch through the resistor R10.
In this embodiment, the reference voltages of the first controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U1, the second controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U2, the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3 and the fourth controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U4 are all 2.5V, so that the cathode K is not conducted to the anode a when the voltage of the reference terminal R of the four controllable precise voltage-stabilizing sources U1, U2, U3, U4 is less than 2.5V, and the cathode K is conducted to the anode a when the voltage of the reference terminal R is not less than 2.5V.
In the embodiment, the voltage division ratio of the first voltage division circuit is set to 10.2:1, the resistance of the resistor R1 is specifically set to 102kΩ, the resistance of the resistor R2 is set to 10kΩ, the voltage division ratio of the second voltage division circuit is set to 4.6:1, the resistance of the resistor R3 is specifically set to 46kΩ, the resistance of the resistor R4 is set to 10k Ω, the voltage division ratio of the third voltage division circuit is set to 2.6:1, the resistance of the resistor R5 is specifically set to 26kΩ, and the resistance of the resistor R6 is set to 10k Ω. Therefore, the voltage of the reference end R of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1, the second controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U2, the third controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U3 and the fourth controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U4 can be adjusted based on the voltage dividing ratio of the first voltage dividing circuit, the second voltage dividing circuit and the third voltage dividing circuit, so that whether the cathode K to the anode A are conducted or not is controlled, the on-off of the first voltage control switch and the second voltage control switch is further controlled, and the output is realized through the first voltage control switch or the second voltage control switch by switching under different input voltages.
When the input voltage of the direct current input end Vin is smaller than 9V, the voltage outputted after the input voltage is divided by the first voltage dividing circuit is Vin 10/(102+10) <2.5V, the voltage of the reference end R of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1 is obtained by dividing the voltage by the first voltage dividing circuit, and the voltage is smaller than 2.5V, namely smaller than the reference voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1, the cathode K to the anode a of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1 are not conducted, so that the second voltage dividing circuit normally divides the voltage. The voltage of the input voltage divided by the second voltage dividing circuit is Vin 10/(46+10) <2.5V, the voltage of the reference end R of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is obtained by dividing the voltage of the reference end R of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 by the second voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is smaller than 2.5V, that is, smaller than the reference voltage of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is not conducted to the anode a, and since the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is connected with the control end of the first voltage control switch, when the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is not conducted to the anode a, the control end of the first voltage control switch cannot be grounded by the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, namely, the voltage of the control end of the first voltage control switch cannot be pulled down, that is, the source voltages of the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q2 of the first voltage control switch are not higher than the gate voltage, so that the input voltage of the direct current input end Vin cannot be conducted to the direct current output end of the direct current output module through the first voltage control switch and the voltage control end dcvout.
Meanwhile, the voltage of the reference end R of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3 is also obtained by voltage division of the second voltage-dividing circuit, and the voltage is smaller than 2.5V, namely smaller than the reference voltage of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3, so that the cathode K to the anode A of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3 are not conducted, and the third voltage-dividing circuit is enabled to divide voltage normally. The voltage of the input voltage divided by the third voltage dividing circuit is Vin 10/(26+10) <2.5V, the voltage of the reference terminal R of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 is obtained by dividing the voltage of the reference terminal R of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 by the third voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is smaller than 2.5V, that is, smaller than the reference voltage of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4, the cathode K to the anode a of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 is not conducted, and since the cathode K of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 is connected with the control terminal of the second voltage control switch, when the cathode K to the anode a of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 is not conducted, the control terminal voltage of the second voltage control switch cannot be grounded by the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4, that is, namely, the voltage of the MOS transistor Q3 and the source voltage of the MOS transistor Q4 of the second voltage control switch cannot be higher than the gate voltage, so that the second voltage control switch cannot be conducted, and the input voltage cannot be outputted to the dc output terminal Vout through the second voltage control switch.
When the input voltage of the direct current input end Vin is not less than 9V but less than 14V, the voltage of the input voltage divided by the first voltage dividing circuit is Vin 10/(102+10) <2.5V, the voltage of the reference end R of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1 is obtained by dividing the voltage by the first voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is less than 2.5V, that is, the voltage is less than the reference voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1, and the cathode K to the anode a of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1 are not conducted, so that the second voltage dividing circuit normally divides the voltage. The voltage of the input voltage divided by the second voltage dividing circuit is Vin 10/(46+10) <2.5V, the voltage of the reference end R of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is obtained by dividing the voltage of the reference end R of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 by the second voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is smaller than 2.5V, that is, smaller than the reference voltage of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is not conducted to the anode a, and since the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is connected with the control end of the first voltage control switch, when the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is not conducted to the anode a, the control end of the first voltage control switch cannot be grounded by the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, namely, the voltage of the control end of the first voltage control switch cannot be pulled down, that is, the source voltages of the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q2 of the first voltage control switch are not higher than the gate voltage, so that the input voltage of the direct current input end Vin cannot be conducted to the direct current output end of the direct current output module through the first voltage control switch and the voltage control end dcvout.
Meanwhile, the voltage of the reference end R of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3 is also obtained by voltage division of the second voltage-dividing circuit, and the voltage is smaller than 2.5V, namely smaller than the reference voltage of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3, so that the cathode K to the anode A of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3 are not conducted, and the third voltage-dividing circuit is enabled to divide voltage normally. The voltage of the input voltage divided by the third voltage dividing circuit is vin×10/(26+10) > 2.5V, the voltage of the reference terminal R of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 is obtained by dividing the voltage of the reference terminal R of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 by the third voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is not less than 2.5V, that is, not less than the reference voltage of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4, the cathode K of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 is conducted to the anode a, and since the cathode K of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 is connected to the control terminal of the second voltage control switch, when the cathode K of the fourth controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U4 is conducted to the anode a, the control terminal of the second voltage control switch is grounded by the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, that is, the voltage of the control terminal of the second voltage control switch is pulled down, that is, the MOS transistor Q3 of the second voltage control switch and the source voltage of the MOS transistor Q4 are higher than the gate voltage, so that the input voltage of the direct current input terminal Vin can be output to the direct current output terminal Vout through the second voltage control switch.
When the input voltage of the direct current input end Vin is not less than 14V and less than 28V, the voltage of the input voltage divided by the first voltage dividing circuit is vin×10/(102+10) <2.5V, the reference end R voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1 is obtained by dividing the voltage by the first voltage dividing circuit, and the voltage is less than 2.5V, that is, less than the reference voltage of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1, the cathode K to the anode a of the first controllable precise voltage stabilizing source U1 are not conducted, so that the second voltage dividing circuit normally divides the voltage. The voltage of the input voltage divided by the second voltage dividing circuit is Vin 10/(46+10) > 2.5V, the voltage of the reference end R of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is obtained by dividing the voltage of the reference end R of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 by the second voltage dividing circuit, the voltage is not less than 2.5V, that is, not less than the reference voltage of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is conducted to the anode a, and because the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is connected with the control end of the first voltage control switch, when the cathode K of the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 is conducted to the anode a, the control end of the first voltage control switch is grounded by the second controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, that is, namely, the source voltages of the MOS transistor Q1 and the MOS transistor Q2 of the first voltage control switch are higher than the gate voltage, so that the input voltage of the direct current input end Vin can be conducted to the direct current input end 14V through the first voltage control switch and the step-down voltage control module dcv, and the direct current input end dcv is output 14V through the direct current output end dcv.
In this embodiment, the buck module DCDC includes an NDP2450KC buck chip, which is a synchronous buck converter, converts a high input voltage into a stable low output voltage through PWM control and synchronous rectification technology, and the specific output voltage is sampled by a feedback resistor Rup and a feedback resistor Rdown of a feedback network, and then is set after being compared with an internal reference voltage Vref, and the output voltage can be accurately set by adjusting the ratio of the feedback resistor Rup and the feedback resistor Rdown. The formula is as follows:
Vout=Vref*(1+Rup/Rdown);
the internal reference voltage Vref is set to 1V, the resistance of the feedback resistor Rup is 115 k Ω, and the resistance of the feedback resistor Rdown is 10 k Ω, so that the specific output voltage vout=12.5v after the step-down module DCDC steps down.
Meanwhile, the voltage at the reference end R of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3 is obtained by voltage division by the second voltage-dividing circuit, the voltage is not smaller than 2.5V, namely not smaller than the reference voltage of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3, the cathode K of the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3 is conducted to the anode A, the voltage-dividing point of the third voltage-dividing circuit is grounded through the third controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U3, the voltage at the reference end R of the fourth controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U4 is connected with the voltage-dividing point of the third voltage-dividing circuit, the voltage at the reference end R of the fourth controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U4 is pulled down, the voltage is smaller than the reference voltage of the fourth controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U4, the cathode K of the fourth controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U4 is not conducted to the anode A, the cathode K of the fourth controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U4 is connected with the control end of the second voltage-controlling switch, when the cathode K of the fourth controllable precise voltage-stabilizing source U4 is not conducted to the anode A, the control end of the second voltage-stabilizing source U4 is not conducted, the voltage-controlling the voltage Vout is not conducted through the second voltage-stabilizing switch, namely the voltage is not conducted to the second voltage-stabilizing source voltage, the voltage is directly outputted from the second voltage-stabilizing end Q, and the MOS voltage is not conducted to the control end, and the voltage is not conducted through the voltage-controlling the voltage Q transistor.
When the input voltage of the direct current input end Vin is not less than 28V, the overvoltage protection device D1 breaks down and conducts, the input voltage of the direct current input end Vin is output to the ground end through the voltage protection device D1, and the input voltage is not output to the direct current output end Vout through the first voltage control switch or the second voltage control switch.
In summary, when the input voltage of the dc input terminal Vin is less than 9V or not less than 28V, the input voltage cannot be output to the dc output terminal Vout, when the input voltage of the dc input terminal Vin is not less than 9V but less than 14V, the input voltage is directly output to the dc output terminal Vout through the second voltage control switch, and when the input voltage is not less than 14V but less than 28V, the input voltage is output through the first voltage control switch and the step-down module DCDC, and the input voltage of the dc input terminal Vin is reduced to 9V to 14V through the step-down module DCDC and then is output to the dc output terminal Vout. Therefore, only 9-14V voltage is output through the wide voltage switching circuit, and the adapter can be maintained to work in a safe voltage range.
In this embodiment, the branch where the first voltage control switch and the step-down module DCDC are located is connected in series with the first anti-reverse-filling diode D2, and the branch where the second voltage control switch is located is connected in series with the second anti-reverse-filling diode D3, so that when the output is performed through the first voltage control switch or the second voltage control switch under different input voltages, the reverse flow of current is prevented, and the protection circuit and the safety of the equipment are protected.
In this embodiment, an anti-surge module is connected in series between the dc input terminal Vin and the ground terminal, and the anti-surge module includes an anti-surge resistor R11 and an anti-surge capacitor C3 connected in series with each other, and when the circuit is subjected to external interference and power surge occurs, the circuit can be rapidly conducted and shunted, so that the voltage is clamped in a safe range, and damage to other devices in the circuit caused by the surge is avoided.
In this embodiment, the junction VIN14v_28v between the first voltage control switch and the step-down module DCDC is connected with energy storage filter capacitors C4, C5, and C6, which play roles in smoothing voltage, energy storage, filtering, reducing electromagnetic interference, and improving transient response in the wide-voltage switching circuit, so as to ensure stable operation of the circuit.
The above-described embodiments are provided for the present invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of patent protection. Insubstantial changes and substitutions can be made by one skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the invention, as yet fall within the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
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| CN202510397911.0A CN119921573B (en) | 2025-04-01 | 2025-04-01 | Wide-voltage switching circuit |
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| RU178952U1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-04-27 | Василий Игоревич ЗУЙКОВ | Pulsed stabilized negative voltage source |
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| CN222147396U (en) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-12-10 | 北京中航智科技有限公司 | Power supply monitoring circuit and electronic device |
| CN222602097U (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2025-03-11 | 厦门拓宝科技有限公司 | A power automatic start and stop control circuit for marine equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU178952U1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-04-27 | Василий Игоревич ЗУЙКОВ | Pulsed stabilized negative voltage source |
| CN217902334U (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-25 | 合肥同智机电控制技术有限公司 | Voltage range monitoring circuit based on voltage reference device |
| CN116131431A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-05-16 | 华域麦格纳电驱动系统有限公司 | Power supply switching circuit of motor controller |
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