CN119826161B - A method, system, and device for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twins. - Google Patents
A method, system, and device for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twins.Info
- Publication number
- CN119826161B CN119826161B CN202510203004.8A CN202510203004A CN119826161B CN 119826161 B CN119826161 B CN 119826161B CN 202510203004 A CN202510203004 A CN 202510203004A CN 119826161 B CN119826161 B CN 119826161B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water level
- steam generator
- flow
- steam
- water supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了基于数字孪生的蒸汽发生器水位控制方法、系统及装置，实时获取传感器检测得到的检测信息并将其中的实际测量水位输出至水位调节器，以获取给水流量调节量；根据实时在线热平衡模型对检测信息进行解析得到解析结果，将解析结果及给水流量调节量输出至第一流量调节器，第一流量调节器对应输出控制指令至给水调节阀进行给水流量调节。上述控制方法，借助数字孪生技术和数值仿真技术，对水位控制流程进行改进以实现准确调节，提高核电站蒸汽发生器的运行可靠性、设备安全性、操作方便性和运行效率。
This invention discloses a method, system, and device for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twin technology. The method acquires real-time detection information from sensors and outputs the actual measured water level to a water level regulator to obtain the feedwater flow rate adjustment amount. The detection information is analyzed using a real-time online thermal balance model to obtain the analysis result, which, along with the feedwater flow rate adjustment amount, is output to a first flow regulator. The first flow regulator then outputs a corresponding control command to the feedwater regulating valve to adjust the feedwater flow rate. This control method, utilizing digital twin technology and numerical simulation technology, improves the water level control process to achieve accurate regulation, thereby enhancing the operational reliability, equipment safety, ease of operation, and operational efficiency of the nuclear power plant steam generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power, in particular to a steam generator water level control method, system and device based on digital twinning.
Background
The steam generator is a key device connected with a primary steam supply loop (hereinafter referred to as primary side or primary loop) and a secondary steam supply loop (hereinafter referred to as secondary side or secondary loop) in a pressurized water reactor nuclear power steam supply system, and plays an important role in heat and mass transfer, and a coolant from a reactor core transfers heat to a secondary loop working medium through a heat transfer pipe and generates steam.
The water level control of the steam generator largely determines the safe, reliable and economical operation of the nuclear power plant unit. If the water level is too high, the steam-water separation effect is affected, the steam quality is deteriorated, the erosion phenomenon of the steam turbine is aggravated, the service life of the steam turbine is affected, and even the unit is damaged. The excessive water loading can also increase the water quality loading in the steam generator, and under the accident condition that the steam pipeline is broken, the reactor core is cooled excessively to cause the occurrence of a reactive accident. If the water level is too low, the top of the heat transfer tube may be exposed to the water surface, and the fluctuation of the water level in this area may cause thermal stress fatigue of the heat transfer tube bundle in dry-wet alternation, and the water level is too low, so that the water in the water supply line is emptied, and then the risk of water hammer is caused. Therefore, during operation of the nuclear power plant, the steam generator water level must be maintained within a certain range.
The steam generator water level control system has the functions of (1) maintaining the balance of water supply flow and steam flow under the stable operation condition to enable the water level of the steam generator to be within a specified range, and (2) enabling the water level of the steam generator to be within a specified limit value under the transient operation condition.
The secondary side working medium of the steam generator is subjected to single-phase convection heat transfer, supercooling boiling heat transfer and two-phase boiling heat transfer in the steam generator, a descending channel is single-phase fluid, an ascending channel of a secondary side tube bundle zone is a two-phase mixture, a secondary side natural circulation loop has a phenomenon of unstable density wave (DENSITY WAVE oscilation), two-phase fluid flow and water level continuously oscillate along with fluctuation of an operation working condition, and a phenomenon of shrinkage and expansion exists. This phenomenon is also known as the Non-minimum phase dynamics phenomenon (Non-minimum PHASE DYNAMIC), i.e., when the plant operating conditions change, the water level exhibits an instantaneous "inverse dynamic response" resulting in a "false water level". The method is mainly characterized in that when the water supply flow rate is positively stepped, the water level of the steam generator is reduced in the initial stage, the water level slowly rises after a certain time, the reduction of the water level in the initial stage is called as a false water level, the amplitude of the water level depends on the disturbance, the lag time depends on the supercooling degree of the water supply, and the lag time is larger when the water supply temperature is lower. Conversely, when a negative step change occurs in the feed water flow, the water level change law shows an opposite trend. When the steam flow rate is positively stepped, the secondary side pressure is reduced, the two-phase mixture of the ascending channel of the tube bundle region expands, so that the two-phase flow resistance is increased, the flow rate of the descending channel is reduced, and then the water level of the secondary side is increased to generate a false water level phenomenon. After the water level rises to a certain peak value, the water level is reduced along with the increase of the steam load. The abnormal phenomenon that the water level is not only lowered but also obviously raised within a certain period of time after the load step is increased is also a false water level phenomenon. When a negative step change occurs in steam flow, the change in water level characteristics exhibits an inverse law.
The steam generator water level control system is a complex system with multiple variables, strong coupling, nonlinearity, time variation and large hysteresis, and the changes of reactor power, steam flow, feedwater temperature and flow can influence the water level of the secondary side of the steam generator. Therefore, the basic task of the feedwater level controller is to control the secondary side water level within a target range by changing the feedwater flow to compensate for water level changes caused by other factors. The main consequences of the long hysteresis and the effect of the contraction and expansion are that the feedwater controller must predict the effect of the plant state change or control actions on the steam generator water level and make a compensating response before the final effect of the state change or action control on the steam generator water level is manifested in the measured water level.
A valve is installed on each of the parallel pipelines of the water supply pipeline of the steam generator, and a low-flow or bypass valve is used for starting and adjusting the flow under the low-power working condition, and the valve is kept fully open under the high-power working condition. A "high flow" or "main valve" for operating condition flow regulation above about 20% thermal power.
The existing steam generator water level control system adopts a three-impulse water level adjusting method which takes a water level signal as a main adjusting input signal, takes steam flow as a supplementing signal and takes water supply flow as a negative feedback signal, and the opening degree of a water supply flow adjusting valve is manually or automatically adjusted by continuously comparing the water supply flow signal, the liquid level signal and the steam flow signal. The feedwater-level control becomes exceptionally complex due to phase differences and time delays between the steam flow or feedwater flow input signal and its corresponding water level output signal. Particularly in low-power platforms, nuclear power plants have a plurality of tripping and pile-jumping events caused by the loss of control of the water level of a steam generator, and huge economic losses are caused.
Therefore, the steam generator in the existing nuclear power plant is applied to the problem of insufficient water level adjustment accuracy under the low-power working condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a system and a device for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twinning, which aim to solve the problem of insufficient water level regulation accuracy of the steam generator applied to a low-power working condition in the existing nuclear power plant.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a digital twin-based water level control method for a steam generator, where the control method is applied to a water level control system of the steam generator, an intelligent controller of the water level control system of the steam generator is in communication connection with a sensor, a first flow regulator, and a water level regulator that are disposed in the steam generator, and the first flow regulator is in communication connection with a water supply regulating valve, where the control method includes:
the intelligent controller acquires detection information obtained by detection of the sensor in real time;
The intelligent controller outputs the actual measured water level in the detection information to the water level regulator to obtain the water supply flow regulating quantity correspondingly output by the water level regulator;
The intelligent controller analyzes primary side detection data and secondary side detection data in the detection information according to a preset real-time online heat balance model to obtain corresponding analysis results, wherein the primary side detection data are detection data corresponding to a primary steam supply loop side in the detection information, and the secondary side detection data are detection data corresponding to a secondary steam supply loop side in the detection information;
the intelligent controller outputs the analysis result and the water supply flow rate adjustment quantity to the first flow rate adjuster;
And the first flow regulator correspondingly outputs a control instruction to the water supply regulating valve to regulate the water supply flow.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a digital twin-based steam generator water level control system, where the steam generator water level control system is configured to perform the digital twin-based steam generator water level control method according to the first aspect, where the steam generator water level control system includes a detection information acquiring unit, a first information outputting unit, a judging unit, an analysis result acquiring unit, a second information outputting unit, a simulation calculation result acquiring unit, a third information outputting unit, and a control instruction outputting unit configured in the first flow regulator;
the detection information acquisition unit is used for acquiring detection information obtained by the sensor in real time;
The first information output unit is used for outputting the actual measured water level in the detection information to the water level regulator so as to obtain the water supply flow regulation quantity correspondingly output by the water level regulator;
The analysis result acquisition unit is used for analyzing primary side detection data and secondary side detection data in the detection information according to a preset real-time online heat balance model to obtain corresponding analysis results, wherein the primary side detection data are detection data corresponding to a primary steam supply loop side in the detection information, and the secondary side detection data are detection data corresponding to a secondary steam supply loop side in the detection information;
the second information output unit is used for outputting the analysis result and the water supply flow rate adjustment amount to the first flow rate adjuster;
the control instruction output unit is used for correspondingly outputting a control instruction to the water supply regulating valve to regulate the water supply flow.
In a third aspect, the embodiment of the application also provides a digital twinning-based steam generator water level control device, which comprises an intelligent controller, a sensor, a first flow regulator, a water level regulator, a water supply regulating valve, a second flow regulator and a water supply pump rotating speed regulator;
The water supply regulating valve is arranged in series at one side of the water supply main pipe, which is close to the water supply input end, and the steam generators are connected with the steam turbine through the steam main pipe;
The sensor comprises a differential pressure sensor, a vapor pressure sensor, a main pipe pressure sensor, a water supply flow sensor, a water outlet sensor and a steam flow sensor;
The system comprises a steam generator, a steam master pipe, a steam pressure sensor, a master pipe pressure sensor, an intelligent controller, a pressure sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the two detection ends of the pressure sensor are respectively connected with two pressure detection ports of the steam generator, and the signal output end of the pressure sensor is connected with the intelligent controller;
the detection end of the water supply sensor is communicated with a water supply pipe of the steam generator, the signal output end of the water supply sensor is connected with the intelligent controller, the detection end of the water outlet sensor is communicated with a drain pipe of the steam generator, the signal output end of the water outlet sensor is connected with the intelligent controller, the detection end of the steam flow sensor is communicated with a steam master pipe, the signal output end of the steam flow sensor is connected with the intelligent controller, the detection end of the water supply flow sensor is communicated with the water supply master pipe, the connecting point is positioned at the upstream of the water supply regulating valve, and the signal output end of the water supply flow sensor is connected with the intelligent controller;
The intelligent controller is in communication connection with each sensor, the first flow regulator, the water level regulator and the second flow regulator, and the first flow regulator is in communication connection with the water supply regulating valve;
The intelligent controller comprises a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory are communicated with each other through the communication bus;
A memory for storing a computer program;
and the processor is used for realizing the steam generator water level control method based on digital twinning according to the first aspect when executing the program stored in the memory.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the digital twinning based steam generator water level control method according to the first aspect.
The embodiment of the invention provides a steam generator water level control method, system and device based on digital twinning, which are used for acquiring detection information obtained by a sensor in real time and outputting an actual measured water level in the detection information to a water level regulator to obtain a water supply flow regulating quantity, analyzing the detection information according to a real-time online heat balance model to obtain an analysis result, outputting the analysis result and the water supply flow regulating quantity to a first flow regulator, and correspondingly outputting a control instruction to a water supply regulating valve by the first flow regulator to regulate the water supply flow. According to the control method, the water level control flow of the steam generator is improved by means of a digital twin technology and a numerical simulation technology so as to achieve accurate adjustment, and therefore the operation reliability, the equipment safety, the operation convenience and the operation efficiency of the unit of the steam generator of the nuclear power station are further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the effect of steam generator water level control in a prior art design;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twinning according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a digital twinning-based steam generator water level control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the application effect of a digital twin-based steam generator water level control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another application effect of the digital twin-based steam generator water level control apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The drawing marks are S, an intelligent controller, R2, a first flow regulator, R1, a water level regulator, V1, a water supply regulating valve, R3, a second flow regulator, V2, a water supply pump rotating speed regulator, N, a differential pressure sensor, P1, a steam pressure sensor, P2, a main pipe pressure sensor, qs, a water supply sensor, qa, a water supply flow sensor, qw, a water outlet sensor, qv, a steam flow sensor, B1, a first water supply pump.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of water level control in a steam generator according to the prior art, which includes two parts, namely water level adjustment and water feed pump rotation speed adjustment. The actual water level of the steam generator is measured by the differential pressure sensor N, and is input to the water level regulator R1 together with the water level setting value. The output signal of R1 represents the amount of feed water flow adjustment corresponding to the deviation between the actual water level and the set water level. The steam flow and the feedwater flow are measured by a steam flow sensor Q v and a feedwater flow sensor Q a, respectively, and the difference (i.e., a steam-water mismatch signal) is input as a feed-forward signal to the first flow regulator R2 together with the output of the water level regulator R1, where the first flow regulator R2 incorporates the feed-forward signal for the purpose of increasing the regulation speed, because the unbalance of the steam flow and the feedwater flow will cause the water level to change. The output of the first flow regulator R2 is a variable amount of the opening of the feed water valve required for the flow regulator, and is sent to the feed water regulating valve V1 to be operated, thereby changing the feed water flow rate.
However, the change in the feed water flow rate will cause a change in the feed water pump outlet head, which affects the feed water volume and thus the water level of the two other parallel steam generators. In addition, in order to ensure the regulation characteristics of the water supply valve V1, the opening degree of the valve should also be maintained at a moderate position, for which purpose it is required to maintain the front-rear pressure difference of the valve at a constant value. In the actual operation of the nuclear power plant, when the pressure difference delta P between the water supply main pipe and the steam main pipe changes along with the load of the secondary loop according to a certain function, the constant pressure difference before and after the regulating valve can be maintained. Therefore, the differential pressure setting value delta P 0 between the water supply main pipe and the steam main pipe, which is calculated by the total steam flow, is compared with the actual measurement value delta P to obtain a comparison signal, the comparison signal is output to the second flow regulator R3, the second flow regulator R3 outputs the signal to the water supply pump rotating speed regulator V2 according to the deviation and the direction of the comparison signal, and the rotating speed of the water supply pump is changed, so that the front-rear differential pressure of the water supply pump rotating speed regulator V2 is kept unchanged.
In the first prior art, a three-impulse water level adjusting method adopting water level, steam flow Q v and water supply flow Q a as input signals takes a water level signal as a main adjusting input signal, takes steam flow as a supplementing signal and takes a water supply flow signal as negative feedback. The water level regulating system in the prior art adopts a PID regulator, is a cascade feedforward control system, and has higher requirement on the accuracy of measured values.
Under the high-power working condition that the power is more than 30%, the steam flow and the water supply flow are large, the measurement accuracy of a venturi flow transmitter on a main water supply pipeline and a differential pressure flow transmitter on a steam pipeline is high, the opening of a main valve can be accurately adjusted by continuously comparing a water supply flow signal, a liquid level signal and a steam flow signal, and the water level adjusting performance of the steam generator is good.
But the water level adjusting performance is poor under the low-power working condition in the prior art. During low power operation with less than 30% power, the steam and feedwater flow transmitters have large measurement bias due to low steam and feedwater flow and at lower flows, the steam and feedwater flow measurement signals are not available, which has a significant impact on the control system. Under the low-power working condition, the prior art relies on manual operation of operators in a nuclear power plant, and the operators manually adjust the opening of the bypass valve to the water level.
Under the low power working condition, the natural circulation loop at the secondary side of the steam generator has more obvious phenomenon of unstable density wave, the phase difference between the flow at the bottom of the descending channel and the flow at the outlet of the ascending channel exceeds 180 degrees, the water level becomes unstable along with the fluctuation of the operation working condition, the water level control difficulty is high, the phenomenon of shrinkage and expansion ensures that operators cannot easily judge the influence of the action of the water supply valve on the water level change, a large amount of water supply signals are easily provided for the water supply valve when water supply is not carried out frequently, the water level exceeds the highest water level line, or enough water supply is not injected in time when water is fed, and the water level line is too low. The nuclear power plant has tens of tripping events caused by water level loss control, and huge economic loss is caused.
In summary, the existing steam generator water level control system has the following defects that (1) under a low-power working condition, because the steam flow and the water supply flow are low, the measurement deviation of the steam and water supply flow transmitters is large, and at lower flow, the steam and water supply flow measurement signals are unavailable, the water level adjustment performance is poor, the water level adjustment system depends on manual operation of operators of a nuclear power plant, and has high experience and level requirements on the operators. (2) When the water level is controlled on a low-power platform, the water level is difficult to control, an operator controls the water supply flow through false water level and experience, the false water level easily interferes with the judgment of the operator to generate misoperation, and the water level of the steam generator is difficult to be adjusted to a safe range timely and accurately. (3) The existing system generates an alarm signal after the water level has deviated from a normal threshold value or is out of control, and the alarm signal cannot provide a corresponding indication response for an operator. (4) The sensor in the steam generator water level control system of the nuclear power plant will affect the water level control signal when it fails, thereby affecting the safe operation of the nuclear power plant.
Referring to fig. 2, as shown in the drawing, an embodiment of the application discloses a steam generator water level control method based on digital twinning. Referring to the application effect diagram of fig. 4, the steam generator water level control method realizes the corresponding water level control function based on the pipeline structure shown in fig. 4, and is specifically applied to a steam generator water level control system, the method is executed through application software installed in the steam generator water level control system, the intelligent controller is in communication connection with each sensor, a first flow regulator and a water level regulator in the steam generator, and the first flow regulator is in communication connection with a water supply regulating valve. In the pipeline structure shown in fig. 4, a plurality of steam generators can be connected at the same time, each steam generator is connected with a steam main pipe and a water main pipe, and the steam generators are respectively represented by SG1, SG2 and SG 3. The intelligent controller is a processor for sending a control instruction to control each component, such as a programmable logic controller (PLC, programmable Logic Controller) or other terminal devices, such as a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, or a mobile phone. The control method is mainly based on the control development description of the water level of one steam generator, and can control the water levels of a plurality of steam generators simultaneously in the practical application process.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes steps S101-S105.
S101, the intelligent controller acquires detection information obtained by detection of the sensor in real time.
And the intelligent controller acquires detection information obtained by the detection of the sensor in real time. The sensor detects the pipeline connected with the steam generator, so that corresponding detection information is obtained and sent to the intelligent controller, and the intelligent controller can obtain the detection information.
S102, the intelligent controller outputs the actual measured water level in the detection information to the water level regulator so as to obtain the water supply flow regulating quantity correspondingly output by the water level regulator.
And the intelligent controller outputs the actual measured water level in the detection information to the water level regulator so as to obtain the water supply flow regulating quantity correspondingly output by the water level regulator. The intelligent controller outputs the actual measured water level in the detection information to the water level regulator, wherein the actual measured water level is measured by the differential pressure sensor, the actual measured water level is input to the water level regulator together with a preset water level setting value, and the water level regulator outputs a water supply flow regulating quantity according to the correspondence between the actual measured water level and the water level setting value, and the water supply flow regulating quantity is expressed as a value corresponding to the elimination of the deviation between the actual measured water level and the setting water level.
In a more specific embodiment, the step S102 specifically comprises the steps that the intelligent controller outputs the actual measured water level in the detection information to the water level regulator, and the water level regulator compares the actual measured water level with a set water level setting value to obtain a corresponding water supply flow rate regulating quantity and outputs the water supply flow rate regulating quantity to the intelligent controller.
Specifically, the intelligent controller outputs the actual measured water level in the detection information to the water level regulator, and the water level regulator compares the actual measured water level with the set water level setting value to obtain the water supply flow regulating quantity and outputs the water supply flow regulating quantity to the intelligent controller.
And S103, the intelligent controller analyzes the primary side detection data and the secondary side detection data in the detection information according to a preset real-time online heat balance model to obtain a corresponding analysis result.
And the intelligent controller analyzes the primary side detection data and the secondary side detection data in the detection information according to a preset real-time online heat balance model to obtain corresponding analysis results. The detection information comprises primary side detection data (corresponding to a first loop) and secondary side detection data (corresponding to a second loop), the primary side detection data are detection data corresponding to a primary steam supply loop side in the detection information, the secondary side detection data are detection data corresponding to a secondary steam supply loop side in the detection information, and the analysis result comprises a water supply flow calculated value and a steam flow calculated value.
In a more specific embodiment, the step S103 specifically includes the steps of constructing a first relation between heat exchange power and steam flow and water supply flow of the steam generator according to the real-time linear heat balance model, constructing a second relation between steam flow and water supply flow according to a water supply and drainage balance relation, substituting known amounts in the primary side detection data and the secondary side detection data into the first relation and the second relation, and analyzing the first relation and the second relation to obtain corresponding analysis results.
Specifically, the real-time line thermal balance model includes q=c pW×(Thot-Tcold)Wherein Q is heat exchange power of the steam generator, C p is volume specific heat capacity, W is primary side coolant flow, T hot and T cold are primary side inlet and outlet coolant temperatures respectively, Q 2 is heat exchange power between a primary side and a secondary side in the steam generator, A S is heat exchange area, K is total heat exchange coefficient, and T sat is saturation temperature.
The heat exchange power Q of the steam generator and the flow, pressure, temperature and the like of the inlet and outlet connecting pipes at the primary side have the following relational expression that Q=C pW×(Thot-Tcold).Cp is the volume specific heat capacity, is a function of the primary side pressure and the temperature, and can be obtained through query of the international standard IAPWS-IF97 of the thermodynamic properties of water and steam. W is the primary side coolant flow, the calibration is carried out in the project of steam generator margin verification test after the first loading of the reactor, and the flow obtained by the calibration of the steam generator margin verification test can be directly adopted by the technical scheme because the rotating speed of the reactor coolant pump is unchanged when the rated working condition is operated. T hot and T cold are the temperatures of the primary side inlet and outlet coolants respectively, and are obtained by real-time online measurement by a measuring instrument, namely specific numerical values of T hot and T cold are included in the detection information.
The heat exchange power Q 2 of the first and second sides of the steam generator and the heat exchange area A S of the heat transfer tube also have the following relation: Wherein K is the total heat exchange coefficient, T sat is the saturation temperature, and the value of the total heat exchange coefficient can be correspondingly obtained according to the international standard IAPWS-IF97 of the thermodynamic properties of water and steam.
Wherein the calculation formula of the total heat exchange coefficient isH p is the primary side heat transfer coefficient, U t is the heat transfer tube thermal conductivity, U f is the fouling heat transfer coefficient, and h s is the secondary side heat transfer coefficient. The primary side in the heat transfer tube is forced convection heat transfer in a single-phase fluid tube, and the secondary side heat transfer outside the heat transfer tube can be regarded as large-space boiling heat transfer, and is calculated by adopting Dittus-Boelter and a correction formula thereof and a Luo Xunnuo (Rohsenow) large-space boiling heat transfer formula respectively.
Further, the first relation is that q=w s((1-x)Hs+xHl)+WpHl-WfHf;Ws is steam flow, W p is secondary side blowdown flow, W f is feedwater flow, H s is saturated steam enthalpy, H l is saturated water enthalpy, H f is feedwater enthalpy, x is humidity percentage in steam, and the second relation is that W f＝Ws+Wp.
According to the heat balance model, a water supply flow rate calculated value corresponding to the water supply flow rate W f and a steam flow rate calculated value corresponding to the steam flow rate W s can be calculated, and necessary input parameters are provided for the water level control system.
And S104, the intelligent controller outputs the analysis result and the water supply flow regulating quantity to the first flow regulator.
And if the working condition operation condition is met, the intelligent controller outputs the analysis result and the water supply flow regulating quantity to the first flow regulator.
In a more specific embodiment, the step S104 is preceded by the steps that the intelligent controller judges whether the reactor power in the detection information meets a preset working condition operation condition, if the working condition operation condition is met, the intelligent controller executes the step of outputting the analysis result and the water supply flow regulating quantity to the first flow regulator, if the working condition operation condition is not met, the intelligent controller carries out simulation calculation on the detection information according to a preset simulation model to obtain a corresponding simulation calculation result, the simulation calculation result comprises a water level change trend and a water level change amplitude range, and the intelligent controller outputs the simulation calculation result and the water supply flow regulating quantity to the first flow regulator so that the first flow regulator correspondingly outputs a control instruction to the water supply regulating valve to carry out water supply flow regulation.
If the working operation condition is satisfied, the step S140 is continuously executed.
And the intelligent controller judges whether the reactor power in the detection information meets the preset working condition. The intelligent controller acquires the reactor power from the detection information and judges whether the reactor power meets the working condition.
In a more specific embodiment, the step of judging whether the reactor power in the detection information meets the preset working condition operation condition specifically includes the steps of judging whether the reactor power in the detection information is located in a high-power working condition, judging whether the reactor power in the detection information is in a stable operation working condition, judging that the working condition operation condition is met if the reactor power is located in the high-power working condition and is in the stable operation working condition, and judging that the working condition operation condition is not met if the reactor power is not located in the high-power working condition or is not in the stable operation working condition.
Specifically, the reactor power can be obtained from the detection information, and whether the reactor power is in a high power working condition or not is judged, wherein the power corresponding to the high power working condition is not less than 30% Pn, and Pn is the full reactor power. If the reactor power is not less than 30% pn, it is determined to be in the high power operating mode, and if the reactor power is less than 30% pn, it is determined to be not in the high power operating mode. Further judging whether the reactor power is in a steady operation condition, wherein the corresponding power change in the steady operation condition is not more than 10% FP/min, and the 10% FP/min is the lifting power of 5% of full power per minute. And if the change rate of the reactor power is not more than 10% FP/min, judging that the operation is stable, and if the change rate of the reactor power is not more than 10% FP/min, judging that the operation is not stable.
And if the working condition running condition is not met, the intelligent controller carries out simulation calculation on the detection information according to a preset simulation model to obtain a corresponding simulation calculation result. The simulation calculation result comprises a water level change trend and a water level change amplitude range.
In a more specific embodiment, the simulation calculation of the detection information according to the preset simulation model specifically includes the steps of dividing the control body of the steam generator according to the division rule in the simulation model to obtain a corresponding control body division result, calculating each control body in the control body division result according to the control equation in the simulation model to obtain physical parameters of each control body, and respectively solving and calculating the physical parameters of each control body according to the gas-liquid conservation equation in the simulation model to obtain a corresponding simulation calculation result.
The steam generator, the primary loop and the secondary loop can be divided according to the division rules set in the simulation model, and a control body division result is obtained. The dividing rule includes whether the cavity is an internal cavity, whether the cavity has circulating fluid, whether the cavity has a flowing-in interface, a flowing-out interface and the like, and if the judging results are all yes, the cavity is divided into a control body. The control body division results are shown in fig. 5, wherein the steam chamber corresponds to one control body, the number is "(1)", the separator corresponds to two control bodies, the numbers are "(2)", and "(3)", and the like. The pipeline above the primary side inlet is correspondingly divided into twelve control bodies numbered 1-12, and the pipeline above the primary side outlet is correspondingly divided into twelve control bodies numbered 13-24.
Further, each control body included in the control body division result is calculated according to a control equation in the simulation model, so that physical parameters of the control body are obtained.
Specifically, the control equation includes: M is the mass in the control body, U is the internal energy of the control body, W is the flow channel mass flow, S is the flow channel flow section, sigma Q ST is the generalized source term, L is the flow channel length, deltap f is the friction pressure drop, deltap s is the local pressure drop, deltap g is the bit pressure drop, deltap a is the acceleration pressure drop, h is the specific enthalpy, subscript i, j is the control body number, k is the flow channel number between the control bodies, in is the flow channel number between the inflow control bodies, out is the flow channel between the control bodies and the external interface, and ex is the flow rate between the control bodies and the external interface.
The pressure, specific enthalpy, mass in the control body and mass flow in the flow channel can be found by the control equation described above. Physical parameters such as the internal density, the pressure, the specific enthalpy h i and the like of the controller are determined according to the international standard IAPWS-IF97 of the thermodynamic properties of water and steam, and a related relation formula can be expressed as v i＝f(pi,hi), wherein v i is the specific volume of the control body i, and p i is the pressure of the control body i.
When there is a water level in the control body, the cavitation fraction of the upper region and the lower region of the control body is discontinuous, the lower region may be in a cold water state or a saturated two-phase state, and the upper region may be in a superheated steam state or a saturated two-phase state containing liquid droplets. During transient conditions, the upper and lower regions expand and contract as the water level changes, and gas-liquid conservation equations are respectively established for the upper and lower regions in the transient numerical model. By solving the control equation of the lower area with the water level control body, the invention can track the water level change of the secondary side of the steam generator so as to identify the false water level phenomenon, and the corresponding gas-liquid conservation equation isA is the flow cross section of the control body, v is the specific heat capacity of the control body, WL is the water level in the control body, and subscript un is the lower region of the control body with the water level.
Further, the intelligent controller outputs the simulation calculation result and the water supply flow rate adjustment amount to the first flow rate adjuster, so that the first flow rate adjuster correspondingly outputs a control instruction to the water supply adjusting valve to adjust the water supply flow rate. Similarly, the first flow regulator R2 generates a corresponding control command according to the received simulation calculation result and the feedwater flow adjustment, and outputs the control command to the feedwater regulation valve.
S105, correspondingly outputting a control instruction to the water supply regulating valve by the first flow regulator to regulate the water supply flow.
And the first flow regulator correspondingly outputs a control instruction to the water supply regulating valve to regulate the water supply flow. The first flow regulator R2 generates a corresponding control instruction according to the received analysis result and the water supply flow regulating quantity and outputs the control instruction to the water supply regulating valve, and then the control instruction output by the first flow regulator R2 can correspondingly control the valve opening variable quantity of the water supply regulating valve, and the control instruction is output to the water supply regulating valve V1 to enable the water supply regulating valve to act, so that the water supply flow is changed.
In a more specific embodiment, the steam generator further comprises a second flow regulator and a water supply pump rotating speed regulator, the second flow regulator is in communication connection with the intelligent controller, the second flow regulator is in communication connection with the water supply pump rotating speed regulator, the control method further comprises the steps that the intelligent controller obtains a water supply main pipe pressure value and a steam main pipe pressure value in the detection information to conduct difference operation to obtain a corresponding pressure difference measurement value, the intelligent controller inputs the pressure difference measurement value to the second flow regulator, the second flow regulator compares the pressure difference measurement value with a set pressure difference setting value, and a control instruction is output to the water supply pump rotating speed regulator to conduct water pump rotating speed regulation according to a comparison result.
The specific working principle is shown in fig. 4, the setting value of the pressure difference between the water supply main pipe and the steam main pipe can be set to be deltap 0, the intelligent controller carries out difference operation on the pressure value of the water supply main pipe and the pressure value of the steam main pipe in the detection information to obtain a corresponding pressure difference measurement value deltap, and the intelligent controller inputs the pressure difference measurement value to the second flow regulator. The second flow regulator compares the pressure difference measured value delta P with the pressure difference setting value delta P 0, and outputs a control instruction to the water pump rotating speed regulator according to the deviation of the two values and the direction, so that the rotating speed of the water pump is changed, and the front-back pressure difference of the water pump rotating speed regulator V2 is kept unchanged.
The digital twin-based steam generator water level control method disclosed in the embodiment comprises the steps of acquiring detection information detected by a sensor in real time and outputting the actual measured water level to a water level regulator to acquire water supply flow regulation quantity, analyzing the detection information according to a real-time online heat balance model to obtain an analysis result, outputting the analysis result and the water supply flow regulation quantity to a first flow regulator, and correspondingly outputting a control instruction to a water supply regulating valve by the first flow regulator to regulate the water supply flow. According to the control method, the water level control flow of the steam generator is improved by means of a digital twin technology and a numerical simulation technology so as to achieve accurate adjustment, and therefore the operation reliability, the equipment safety, the operation convenience and the operation efficiency of the unit of the steam generator of the nuclear power station are further improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a digital twin-based steam generator water level control system, which is used for executing the control method in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, and comprises a 101 detection information acquisition unit, a 102 first information output unit, a 103 analysis result acquisition unit, a 104 second information output unit, and a 105 control instruction output unit, wherein the 101 detection information acquisition unit, the 102 first information output unit, the 103 analysis result acquisition unit and the 104 second information output unit are configured in an intelligent controller, and the 105 control instruction output unit is configured in a first flow regulator.
The detection information obtaining unit 101 is configured to obtain detection information obtained by the sensor in real time.
The first information output unit 102 is configured to output the actual measured water level in the detection information to the water level regulator, so as to obtain the water supply flow adjustment amount output by the water level regulator.
The analysis result obtaining unit 103 is configured to analyze primary side detection data and secondary side detection data in the detection information according to a preset real-time online thermal balance model to obtain a corresponding analysis result, where the primary side detection data is detection data corresponding to a primary steam supply loop side in the detection information, the secondary side detection data is detection data corresponding to a secondary steam supply loop side in the detection information, and the analysis result includes a water supply flow calculation value and a steam flow calculation value.
The second information output unit 104 is configured to output the analysis result and the feedwater flow adjustment to the first flow adjuster.
The control command output unit 105 is configured to correspondingly output a control command to the feedwater regulation valve to regulate the feedwater flow.
The digital twin-based steam generator water level control system provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to the digital twin-based steam generator water level control method, and is used for acquiring detection information detected by a sensor in real time and outputting the actual measured water level to a water level regulator to acquire water supply flow regulating quantity, analyzing the detection information according to a real-time online thermal balance model to acquire an analysis result, outputting the analysis result and the water supply flow regulating quantity to a first flow regulator, and correspondingly outputting a control instruction to a water supply regulating valve by the first flow regulator to regulate the water supply flow. According to the control method, the water level control flow of the steam generator is improved by means of a digital twin technology and a numerical simulation technology so as to achieve accurate adjustment, and therefore the operation reliability, the equipment safety, the operation convenience and the operation efficiency of the unit of the steam generator of the nuclear power station are further improved.
The application also discloses a digital twin-based steam generator water level control device, which is shown in fig. 4, wherein the steam generator water level control device comprises an intelligent controller S, a sensor, a first flow regulator R2, a water level regulator R1, a water supply regulating valve V1, a second flow regulator R3 and a water supply pump rotating speed regulator V2, one end of a water supply mother pipe is connected with an output port of the first water supply pump, the other end of the water supply mother pipe is connected with a water supply input end of at least one steam generator, the water supply regulating valve V1 is arranged on one side, close to the water supply input end, of the water supply mother pipe in series, each steam generator is connected with a steam turbine through a steam mother pipe, the sensor comprises a differential pressure sensor N, a steam pressure sensor P1, a mother pipe pressure sensor P2, a water supply sensor Qs, a water supply flow sensor Qa, a water outlet sensor Qw and a steam flow sensor Qv, two detection ends of the differential pressure sensor N are respectively connected with two pressure detection ports of the first water supply pump, the two detection ends of the water mother pipe are connected with a water mother pipe, the differential pressure sensor S is connected with the water supply mother pipe, the signal sensor S is connected with the output end of the intelligent controller S, the intelligent controller S is connected with the steam generator, the signal sensor S is connected with the output end of the intelligent controller S, the intelligent controller S is connected with the steam generator through the steam generator, the steam generator is connected with the steam generator through the steam sensor P2, the signal output end of the water outlet sensor Qw is connected with the intelligent controller S; the detection end of the steam flow sensor Qv is communicated with the steam main pipe, the signal output end of the steam flow sensor Qv is connected with the intelligent controller S, the detection end of the water supply flow sensor Qa is communicated with the water main pipe and the connecting point is located at the upstream of the water supply regulating valve V1, the signal output end of the water supply flow sensor Qa is connected with the intelligent controller S, the intelligent controller S is in communication connection with each sensor, the first flow regulator R2, the water level regulator R1 and the second flow regulator R3, the first flow regulator R2 is in communication connection with the water supply regulating valve V1, and the second flow regulator R3 is in communication connection with the water supply pump rotating speed regulator V2.
The steam pressure sensor P1 is used for measuring and obtaining a steam main pipe pressure value, and the main pipe pressure sensor P2 is used for measuring and obtaining a water main pipe pressure value. The steam flow sensor Qv is used for measuring and obtaining steam flow, and the feedwater flow sensor Qa is used for measuring and obtaining feedwater flow. The water supply sensor Qs is used for measuring and obtaining the flow, pressure, temperature and other values of the inlet connecting pipe at the primary side, and the water outlet sensor Qw is used for measuring and obtaining the flow, pressure, temperature and other values of the outlet connecting pipe at the primary side;
Further, the input port of the first feed pump B1 is communicated with the output port of the feed pump rotation speed regulator V2, and the input port of the feed pump rotation speed regulator V2 is used for feeding water.
The digital twin-based steam generator water level control system may be implemented in the form of a computer program on which the intelligent controller may be implemented in the form of a computer device. The controller comprises a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory are communicated with each other through the communication bus, the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for realizing the steam generator water level control method based on digital twinning in the embodiment when executing the program stored on the memory.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The computer device may be a processor for performing a digital twin based steam generator water level control method to effect control of the components.
Referring to fig. 6, the computer device 500 includes a processor 502, a memory, and a communication interface 505, which are connected by a communication bus 501, wherein the memory may include a storage medium 503 and an internal memory 504.
The storage medium 503 may store an operating system 5031 and a computer program 5032. The computer program 5032, when executed, may cause the processor 502 to perform a digital twinning based steam generator water level control method, wherein the storage medium 503 may be a volatile storage medium or a non-volatile storage medium.
The processor 502 is used to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the overall computer device 500.
The internal memory 504 provides an environment for the execution of a computer program 5032 in the storage medium 503, which computer program 5032, when executed by the processor 502, causes the processor 502 to perform a digital twinning based steam generator water level control method.
The communication interface 505 is used for network communication, such as providing transmission of data information, etc. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the architecture shown in fig. 6 is merely a block diagram of some of the architecture relevant to the present inventive arrangements and is not limiting of the computer device 500 to which the present inventive arrangements may be implemented, as a particular computer device 500 may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine some of the components, or have a different arrangement of components.
The processor 502 is configured to execute a computer program 5032 stored in a memory to implement the corresponding functions in the digital twin-based steam generator water level control method.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiment of the computer device shown in fig. 6 is not limiting of the specific construction of the computer device, and in other embodiments, the computer device may include more or less components than those shown, or certain components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components. For example, in some embodiments, the computer device may include only a memory and a processor, and in such embodiments, the structure and function of the memory and the processor are consistent with the embodiment shown in fig. 6, and will not be described again.
It should be appreciated that in embodiments of the present invention, the Processor 502 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), the Processor 502 may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DIGITAL SIGNAL processors, DSPs), application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuits (ASICs), off-the-shelf Programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable GATE ARRAY, FPGA) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. Wherein the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
In another embodiment of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer readable storage medium may be a volatile or nonvolatile computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the steps involved in the digital twin-based steam generator water level control method described above.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the apparatus, device and unit described above may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, in computer software, or in a combination of the two, and that the elements and steps of the examples have been generally described in terms of function in the foregoing description to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, device and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, there may be another division manner in actual implementation, or units having the same function may be integrated into one unit, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices, or elements, or may be an electrical, mechanical, or other form of connection.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or part of what contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a computer-readable storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. The computer readable storage medium includes various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb (universal serial bus), a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202510203004.8A CN119826161B (en) | 2025-02-24 | 2025-02-24 | A method, system, and device for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twins. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202510203004.8A CN119826161B (en) | 2025-02-24 | 2025-02-24 | A method, system, and device for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twins. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN119826161A CN119826161A (en) | 2025-04-15 |
| CN119826161B true CN119826161B (en) | 2026-01-30 |
Family
ID=95308080
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202510203004.8A Active CN119826161B (en) | 2025-02-24 | 2025-02-24 | A method, system, and device for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twins. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN119826161B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120784019B (en) * | 2025-09-11 | 2025-11-07 | 辽宁红沿河核电有限公司 | A method and related apparatus for determining the feedwater flow rate of an evaporator in a nuclear power plant. |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113687665A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-23 | 华龙国际核电技术有限公司 | Method and device for controlling water supply flow, electronic equipment and readable storage medium |
| CN118394138A (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-07-26 | 中广核核电运营有限公司 | Method and device for processing evaporator water level control system, computer equipment, storage medium and computer program product |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112097241B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-12-20 | 中国能源建设集团华东电力试验研究院有限公司 | Steam turbine FCB test drum water level control feedforward structure and control method thereof |
| CN117704351A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-03-15 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一九研究所 | Reinforced learning scheduling method and system for water level control of steam generator |
| CN117744528A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-03-22 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Digital twinning-based three-dimensional flow field generation method and monitoring system for steam generator |
-
2025
- 2025-02-24 CN CN202510203004.8A patent/CN119826161B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113687665A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-23 | 华龙国际核电技术有限公司 | Method and device for controlling water supply flow, electronic equipment and readable storage medium |
| CN118394138A (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-07-26 | 中广核核电运营有限公司 | Method and device for processing evaporator water level control system, computer equipment, storage medium and computer program product |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN119826161A (en) | 2025-04-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5564043B2 (en) | Method for controlling the gas flow rate between multiple gas streams | |
| CN103676651B (en) | Steam Temperature for Boiler forecast Control Algorithm based on state observation model | |
| CN108469744B (en) | A method and system for establishing a mechanism model of a steam generator of a nuclear power plant | |
| US20080029261A1 (en) | Steam Temperature Control Using Integrated Function Block | |
| CN119826161B (en) | A method, system, and device for controlling the water level of a steam generator based on digital twins. | |
| CN107065515B (en) | Plate heat exchanger model construction method based on fuzzy PID control | |
| EP3992528B1 (en) | A method of controlling a supply of feed water into a boiler | |
| CN113606656A (en) | Model prediction-based heating system hydraulic balance adjusting method and system | |
| Sun et al. | Transient analysis and dynamic modeling of the steam generator water level for nuclear power plants | |
| CN104696944B (en) | Dynamic optimization and parameter estimation integrated method based on load prediction | |
| CN117454582B (en) | A system-level twin model initialization method combining mechanism and optimization algorithm | |
| CN115095852A (en) | Intelligent blowdown system of power plant boiler | |
| Chen et al. | Full-range steam generator's water level model and analysis method based on cross-calculation | |
| Subudhi et al. | A mathematical model for total power control loop of large PHWRs | |
| CN114970136B (en) | Method and device for determining extraction mass flow of deaerator of nuclear power plant in real time | |
| CN102967393B (en) | Supercritical unit boiler separator outlet temperature on-line calibration method | |
| JP3573602B2 (en) | Pump test equipment | |
| US6886502B1 (en) | Method for controlling steam generators | |
| CN118983118A (en) | A fast reactor main feed water control system | |
| US9296833B2 (en) | Method for controlling bubble formation in polymerization reactors | |
| CN110264867B (en) | A test simulation device for the dynamic characteristics of the secondary side of a steam generator | |
| Masotti et al. | Dynamic modelling and control of a Small Modular Reactor in load following by cogeneration mode | |
| Aikman | Frequency-response analysis and controllability of a chemical plant | |
| CN105443506B (en) | The device and method of on-line checking fluid elastic modelling quantity | |
| CN120874346A (en) | A Visual Static Modeling Method and System for Thermal Power Units Based on EBSILON |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |