Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides the (S) -3-amino butyronitrile hydrochloride compound and the preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the defects in the prior art, and the method has the advantages of high conversion rate, high yield, simple operation, low cost and suitability for industrial production.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the (S) -3-aminobutyric acid hydrochloride compound comprises the following steps:
S1, chloridizing reaction, namely adding thionyl chloride and a catalyst into a reaction solvent, dropwise adding a compound 1 at a certain temperature, reacting for a certain time at a certain temperature after the dropwise adding, dropwise adding into water and quenching to obtain an aqueous solution of a compound 2, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
S2, cyanide reaction, namely adding the compound 2 into a reaction solvent, adding 30% sodium cyanide solution, controlling a certain temperature, reacting for a certain time, extracting and layering after the reaction is finished, washing an organic phase by using the sodium chloride solution, and concentrating to obtain a compound 5, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
S3, salifying reaction, namely dropwise adding a solution of HCl (gas) organic solvent into the organic solvent of the compound 5, controlling a certain temperature, reacting for a certain time, cooling, filtering and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain a target compound 6, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
Wherein r1=me, et, OMe, OEt, r2=h, boc.
Preferably, step S11 is further included between step S1 and step S2:
The cyclization reaction is to drop the compound 2 aqueous solution into the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, control certain temperature, react for a certain time, get the compound 4 aqueous solution after the reaction is finished, compound 4 reacts again through step S2 to get the compound 5, the total reaction formula is as follows:
Preferably, step S111 is further included between step S1 and step S11:
The substitution reaction comprises the steps of S11 obtaining a compound 3, adding di-tert-butyl dicarbonate into the compound 3, controlling a certain temperature, reacting for a certain time, extracting and layering after the reaction is finished, washing an organic phase by using a sodium chloride aqueous solution, and concentrating to obtain a compound 4, wherein the total reaction formula is as follows:
Further, the reaction solvent in step S1 is any one or more solvents selected from dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dichloroethane, and the like.
Further, the reaction temperature in the step S1 is 20-80 ℃.
Further, in the step S1, the ratio of the compound 1, the thionyl chloride and the reaction solvent is 1W to 2.4W to 8W. Wherein W refers to mass percent (WEIGHTPERCENT), and the ratio values W appearing in the specification refer to mass percent without specific explanation.
Further, the reaction temperature in the step S11 is 20-70 ℃.
Further, in the step S11, the ratio of the compound 2 to the sodium hydroxide to the water is 1W:1.08-3.6W:2.52W.
Further, the ratio of the compound 3, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and water in the step S111 is 1W:3.1W:2.7W.
Further, in step S111, the extraction solvent for the extraction and delamination is at least one of ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and other solvents.
Further, the reaction solvent in the step S2 is at least one of DMF, DMSO and tetrahydrofuran. DMF refers to N, N-dimethylformamide having the chemical formula CH 3CON(CH3)2, DMSO refers to dimethyl sulfoxide having the chemical formula (CH 3)2 SO.
Further, in the step S2, the solvent is doubled to be 3-10W.
Further, the reaction temperature in the step S2 is 20-80 ℃.
Further, the organic solvent in step S3 is any one or more of ethyl acetate, 1, 4-dioxane solution, methanol, ethanol, and the like.
Further, the HCl (gas) organic solvent in the step S3 is at least one of ethyl acetate solution of HCl (gas), 1, 4-dioxane solution of HCl (gas), methanol solution of HCl (gas), ethanol solution of HCl (gas) and the like.
The invention also discloses the (S) -3-amino butyronitrile hydrochloride compound prepared by the preparation method of the (S) -3-amino butyronitrile hydrochloride compound.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the synthesis route reported in the patent (CN 116390926) needs to use the drug MsCl for hydroxyl protection, has the risk of introducing basic toxin impurities, and needs low-temperature equipment during workshop production, has complex process and high cost, and the invention designs a brand new process route, and the (S) -3-amino butyronitrile hydrochloride is obtained with the molar yield of 68.5% through the steps of chlorination, cyclization, boc protection, cyanidation, boc salt formation and the like, thereby having low cost, strong cost competitiveness, mild reaction conditions, simple reaction, good selectivity and easy amplification and being suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical aspects of the invention.
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of an (S) -3-aminobutyric acid hydrochloride compound. The compound is mainly used for preparing a new drug Orforglipron, orforglipron is an oral GLP-1 small molecule agonist, is used for treating obesity and type II diabetes, relates to the technical field of medicine synthesis and preparation, and comprises the following synthesis steps:
The invention has three reaction routes for obtaining the compound 6, namely, the following reaction route 1 is adopted, wherein (1) the compound 1 is taken as an initial reaction raw material, the compound 2 is obtained through chlorination reaction, (2) the compound 2 is generated to form a compound 3 under alkaline conditions, (3) the compound 3 is reacted with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate to form a compound 4, (4) the compound 4 is subjected to ring opening by sodium cyanide to obtain a compound 5, and (5) the compound 5 is subjected to Boc removal to form salt to obtain the target compound 6;
The reaction route 2 comprises (1) taking the compound 1 as an initial reaction raw material, carrying out chlorination reaction to obtain a compound 2, (2) carrying out ring opening on the compound 2 by sodium cyanide to obtain a compound 5, and (3) salifying the compound 5 to obtain a compound 6;
The reaction route 3 comprises (1) taking the compound 1 as an initial reaction raw material, carrying out chlorination reaction to obtain a compound 2, (2) generating a compound 4 by the compound 2 under alkaline conditions, (3) carrying out ring opening on the compound 4 by sodium cyanide to obtain a compound 5, and (4) salifying the compound 5 to obtain a compound 6;
the reaction formula is as follows:
wherein when R2 is H, compound 4 is identical to compound 3 in structural formula.
The invention takes the (S) - (+) -2-amino-1-propanol as the initial raw material, has the total yield of 68.5 percent through 5 steps of reaction, has simple reaction, good selectivity and lower cost, and is suitable for industrial production.
The above is a specific summary of the invention, and the reaction steps will be further described by way of specific examples.
Example 1 (preparation of (2R) -1-chloropropane-2-amino hydrochloride)
Adding chloroform (720.0 g, 8.0W), N, N-dimethylformamide (1.75 g, 0.02W), thionyl chloride (213.8 g, 2.4W), heating to 40-50 ℃, slowly dropwise adding L-aminopropanol (compound 1) (90.0 g, 1.0W) into a reaction bottle, reacting for 24 hours under heat preservation, adding the reaction liquid drop into water (180.0 g, 2.0W) after the reaction is finished, stirring and cooling to 10-30 ℃ for quenching reaction, extracting and layering, reserving an upper water phase, adding activated carbon (4.5 g, 0.05W), decoloring and press-filtering, leaching a filter cake with water (45 g, 0.5W), obtaining a compound 2, namely (2R) -1-chloropropane-2-amino hydrochloride aqueous solution, directly carrying out the next feeding, wherein the purity is 96 percent, and the yield is 98 percent.
Example 2 (preparation of (S) -2-methylaziridine)
Adding 30% caustic soda liquid (559.3 g, 3.6W) into a reaction bottle, cooling to 0-10 ℃, dropwise adding all compound 2 (155.8,1W) aqueous solution, controlling the temperature to 40-50 ℃ after the dropwise adding is finished, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1h, cooling to 20-30 ℃ after the reaction is finished, and obtaining compound 3, namely (S) -2-methyl aziridine aqueous solution, wherein the purity is 99% and the yield is 98%.
Example 3 (preparation of (S) -2-methylaziridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
The reaction flask was charged with the aqueous solution of the entire compound 3 ((S) -2-methylaziridine) (68.4 g, 1.0W), the temperature was controlled at 25 to 35℃and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (209.2 g, 3.1W) was added dropwise thereto, the reaction was continued for 2 hours, and after the completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered and the cake was treated with ethyl acetate (287.3,4.2W)
Eluting, collecting filtrate, layering the filtrate, collecting an organic phase, washing the organic phase with a 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution (205.2 g, 3.0W), collecting the organic phase by liquid separation, concentrating the organic phase under reduced pressure at a temperature of 40-50 ℃ and a vacuum degree of-0.085 to-0.095 MPa until no fraction is distilled off, cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain a compound 4, namely (S) -2-methylaziridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester concentrated solution, namely light yellow oily matter, wherein the purity is 99 percent and the yield is 80 percent;
Example 4 (preparation of tert-butyl [ (2S) -1-cyano-2-propyl ] carbamate)
Adding a compound 4 ((S) -2-methylaziridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester) (130.0 g, 1.0W), adding N, N-dimethylamide (560.0 g, 4.3W), stirring to dissolve, adding 30% sodium cyanide (135.2 g, 1.04W) water solution, stirring and heating to 40-50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 16h, cooling to 20-30 ℃ after the reaction is finished, adding tap water (650.0 g, 5.0W), ethyl acetate (390.0 g, 3.0W), extracting and layering, collecting an organic phase, extracting the water phase with ethyl acetate, merging the organic phase, washing the organic phase with a 10% sodium chloride (390.0 g, 3.0W) 2 water solution, collecting the organic phase, controlling the temperature to 40-50 ℃ and vacuum degree to 0.08-0.1 MPa, concentrating the organic phase under reduced pressure until a large amount of white solid appears, slowly dropwise adding N-heptane (650.g, 5.5 h), stirring and slowly eluting the mixture for 1-30 h, stirring and cooling to 0.0 ℃ until the purity of the N-heptane (2-propyl acetate) is higher than that the N-butyl acetate is equal to 5.0%, and the N-butyl acetate is equal to 5-5% (2 g, 5% of the amino group) is obtained.
Example 5 (preparation of (S) -3-aminobutyronitrile hydrochloride
Adding a compound 5 ([ (2S) -1-cyano-2-propyl ] tert-butyl carbamate) (110.0 g,1.0 eq) and ethyl acetate (330.0 g, 3.0W) into a reaction bottle, dropwise adding a 14.5-20% ethyl hydrogen chloride solution (373.5 g,2.5 eq) at a temperature of 25+/-5 ℃, stirring for 2 h+/-10 min under heat preservation, cooling to 0-10 ℃ after the reaction,
Filter pressing, leaching with 0-10 ℃ ethyl acetate (55.0 g, 0.5W), obtaining crude product, adding ethyl acetate (550.0 g, 5.0W), cooling to 0-10 ℃, stirring for 1h, filter pressing, leaching filter cake with 0-10 ℃ ethyl acetate (55.0 g, 0.5W), obtaining compound 6 ((S) -3-amino butyronitrile hydrochloride), white to off-white solid, purity: 99%, yield 95%.
Example 6 (preparation of (S) -3-aminobutyronitrile)
Adding a compound 2 ((2R) -1-chloropropane-2-amino hydrochloride) (130.0 g, 1.0W), adding N, N-dimethylamide (560.0 g, 4.3W), stirring to dissolve, adding 30% sodium cyanide (135.2 g, 1.04W) water solution, stirring and heating to 40-50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 16h, cooling to 20-30 ℃ after the reaction is finished, adding tap water (650.0 g, 5.0W), ethyl acetate (390.0 g, 3.0W), extracting and layering, collecting an organic phase, extracting the water phase with ethyl acetate, merging the organic phase, washing the organic phase with a 10% sodium chloride (390.0 g, 3.0W) water solution twice, collecting the organic phase, controlling the temperature to 40-50 ℃, vacuum degree to 0.08-0.1 MPa, concentrating the organic phase under reduced pressure until a large amount of white solid appears, slowly dripping N-heptane (650.g, 5.0W), stirring for 1h, cooling to 0.0 ℃ slowly, cooling to 0.0 ℃ with tap water (650.0 g, 5.0W), filtering, cooling to obtain a crude product, and filtering to obtain a filter cake (20.0-0 g, 20.65% of N-heptane, 20.0% of the crude product, wherein the crude product is obtained by mixing the crude product, wherein the crude product is obtained by dripping the crude product.
Example 7 (preparation of (S) -3-aminobutyronitrile)
Adding a compound 4 ((S) -2-methylaziridine) (130.0 g, 1.0W), adding an N, N-dimethylamide (560.0 g, 4.3W) aqueous solution, stirring and clearing, adding a 30% sodium cyanide (135.2 g, 1.04W) aqueous solution, stirring and heating to 40-50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 16 hours, cooling to 20-30 ℃ after the reaction is finished, adding tap water (650.0 g, 5.0W), ethyl acetate (390.0 g, 3.0W), extracting and layering, collecting an organic phase, extracting the aqueous phase by using ethyl acetate, merging the organic phase, washing the organic phase twice by using a 10% sodium chloride (390.0 g, 3.0W) aqueous solution, collecting the organic phase, controlling the temperature to 40-50 ℃, vacuum degree to 0.08-0.1 MPa, concentrating the organic phase to a large amount of white solid, slowly dropwise adding N-heptane (650.0 g, 5.0W), stirring and slowly cooling to 0-10 ℃ for 0.5.10 hours, leaching, cooling to 0.0.0 ℃ and filtering, filtering and filtering to obtain a crude product ((S) -2.0.0W), filtering and filtering the crude product, wherein the crude product is obtained by dropwise adding the N-heptane (0.0 ℃ to 20% of the crude product, 20-5.0W) into the crude product.
The nuclear magnetic data of compound 2 are as follows:
1HNMR(400MHz,D2O)δ3.87-3.92(m,1H),3.71-3.78(m,2H),1.38(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),3.8(d,J=12.0,8.1Hz,1H)ppm.
the nuclear magnetic data of compound 5 are as follows:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.77(s,1H),3.94-4.00(m,1H),2.76(dd,J=16.5,4.2Hz,1H),2.54(dd,J=16.0,4.0Hz,1H),1.46(s,9H),1.33(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)ppm;MS:m/z=184(GC).
the nuclear magnetic data of compound 6 are as follows:
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.60(s,2H),3.55(m,1H),3.06(dd,J=16.1,16.1,1H),2.94(dd,J=16.1,16.1,1H),1.34(d,J=8.0Hz,3H)ppm,MS:m/z=84(GCMS).
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.