CN119652046B - A dual-squirrel-cage permanent magnet motor with fractional slot concentrated windings and a pole-changing switching method - Google Patents
A dual-squirrel-cage permanent magnet motor with fractional slot concentrated windings and a pole-changing switching methodInfo
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- CN119652046B CN119652046B CN202311206562.7A CN202311206562A CN119652046B CN 119652046 B CN119652046 B CN 119652046B CN 202311206562 A CN202311206562 A CN 202311206562A CN 119652046 B CN119652046 B CN 119652046B
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种分数槽集中绕组的双鼠笼永磁电机及变极切换方法，所述电机包含定子和转子，所述定子包含定子绕组设计和绕组变极切换方法，在所述转子外圆周侧设置有两组导条，两组导条分别与两个端环连接形成两个独立的双鼠笼结构，每一个导条对应设置在转子圆周方向分布的永磁磁钢磁极。通过在转子外侧设置有两组导条，两组导条分别与两个端环连接形成两个独立的双鼠笼结构。独立的双鼠笼结构不仅可以滤除定子绕组产生的特定次磁动势谐波，而且导条与永磁体磁极之间的位置关系，大大降低了漏磁现象，使得导条对永磁磁路的阻挡作用降至最低，提高了永磁体的利用率，降低了成本。
This invention proposes a fractional-slot concentrated winding dual-squirrel-cage permanent magnet motor and a pole-changing method. The motor includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a stator winding design and a winding pole-changing method. Two sets of guide bars are arranged on the outer circumference of the rotor. The two sets of guide bars are respectively connected to two end rings to form two independent dual-squirrel-cage structures. Each guide bar corresponds to a permanent magnet pole distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor. By arranging two sets of guide bars on the outer side of the rotor, and connecting the two sets of guide bars to two end rings to form two independent dual-squirrel-cage structures, the independent dual-squirrel-cage structures can not only filter out specific magnetomotive force harmonics generated by the stator windings, but also greatly reduce magnetic leakage due to the positional relationship between the guide bars and the permanent magnet poles. This minimizes the obstruction effect of the guide bars on the permanent magnet circuit, improves the utilization rate of the permanent magnet, and reduces costs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, and particularly relates to a double-squirrel-cage permanent magnet motor with fractional slot concentrated windings and a pole-changing switching method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Compared with the traditional integer slot winding motor, the fractional slot concentrated winding motor has the outstanding advantages that the fractional slot concentrated winding has short end parts, is beneficial to stator coil inserting and copper consumption reduction, effectively reduces winding copper consumption and improves motor efficiency, and the end parts are not overlapped, so that phase-to-phase coupling is reduced, and better fault tolerance is achieved. But the fractional slot centralized winding is only well applied to the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the motor cannot realize self-starting, and a frequency converter is usually required to be matched, so that the use cost is increased. In addition, fractional-slot concentrated windings produce relatively rich magnetomotive force harmonics that, in cage-type asynchronous start permanent magnet motors, can lead to frequency rich induced currents in the rotor bars. The conventional asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts integer slot windings, and generally takes an integer of 2 or 3 per phase slot number per pole, which means that a three-phase 8-pole motor needs at least 48 stator slots, if the motor is small in size, the slot utilization rate is reduced, wire embedding is difficult, and the manufacturing of a stamping die is also disadvantageous.
The cage type asynchronous starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor is a kind of permanent-magnet synchronous motor with self-starting capability, and its starting depends on asynchronous torque produced by the interaction of stator rotating magnetic field and rotor conducting bar. Compared with the traditional electric excitation asynchronous motor, the motor has the advantages of high power factor, high power density and the like, and can be widely applied in a plurality of fields. For example, patent CN210536478U discloses a double-stator asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor core structure, a plurality of rotor starting squirrel cage bars are arranged on the outer ring surface of a rotor core, the rotor starting squirrel cage bars are double squirrel cage bars, a plurality of rotor magnetic steel groove groups are arranged on the inner ring surface of the rotor core, the rotor magnetic steel groove groups are composed of two rotor magnetic steel grooves which are arranged in a V shape, but in the patent, all guide bars are in a shape of a squirrel cage formed by non-grouping connection, the two squirrel cages are in a shape of an inner squirrel cage and an outer squirrel cage, but the two squirrel cages are mutually connected and are not independent, and the guide bars are closely distributed on the circumference of the outer side of the rotor, which is unfavorable for the permanent magnet magnetic force lines to pass through an air gap to reach the stator, and magnetic leakage phenomenon exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a double-squirrel-cage permanent magnet motor with fractional slot concentrated windings and a pole-changing switching method. The fractional slot centralized winding is applied to the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, so that the motor does not need to be matched with a frequency converter, the self-starting can be realized, the use cost is reduced, and a series of process problems caused by excessive stator slot numbers are avoided for the motor with more poles. Meanwhile, in order to restrain the large-amplitude motor induced by magnetomotive harmonics with rich fractional slot concentrated windings in the rotor conducting bars, the motor rotor conducting bars are connected in a special mode to form two mutually independent squirrel-cage structures, namely a double squirrel-cage rotor structure, not only can specific sub-magnetomotive harmonics generated by stator windings be filtered, but also the large-amplitude induced current in the conducting bars is avoided, the motor efficiency is improved, the output torque is optimized, and unsafe factors are reduced in production and use. In addition, the relative positions between the conducting bars and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet are designed, so that the magnetic leakage phenomenon is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is improved. And finally, in the starting process of the motor, when the rotating speed of the rotor reaches the synchronous speed for the first time, pole-changing switching of the stator winding is carried out, and the transition from the starting stage to the synchronous operation stage is completed.
The embodiment provides an asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor with a double squirrel-cage structure and fractional slot concentrated windings, which comprises a stator and a rotor, and is characterized in that the stator comprises a stator winding design and a winding switching method, and the rotor comprises a rotor conducting bar connection mode, and the relative quantity and the position relation of permanent magnets and conducting bars. Two groups of guide bars are arranged on the outer circumference side of the rotor, the two groups of guide bars are respectively connected with two end rings to form two independent squirrel cage structures, and each guide bar corresponds to permanent magnet steel distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor.
Further, the plurality of guide bars are divided into two groups at intervals and are distributed at equal intervals on the outer side of the rotor.
Further, the guide bars in different groups are adjacent and equally spaced outside the rotor.
Further, a plurality of permanent magnet steels are uniformly distributed on the rotor in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and the permanent magnet steels are distributed in a V shape.
Further, each V-shaped permanent magnet steel corresponds to one conducting bar.
Further, the permanent magnets are distributed in a built-in mode and are separated from the air gap only by a magnetic bridge.
Furthermore, the stator adopts a three-phase fractional slot concentrated winding.
Further, each guide bar is positioned between two adjacent permanent magnet steels distributed in a V shape on the end face of the rotor.
Further, the method comprises the steps of, the V-shaped included angle of the permanent magnet steels distributed in the V shape faces one side of the rotor;
or each group of guide bars is formed by connecting two end rings to form a squirrel cage structure, the two end rings forming the same squirrel cage are only axially different by the axial length distance of one guide bar, and the end rings forming different squirrel cages are mutually deflected by a certain angle around the shaft.
The invention also provides a pole-changing starting switching method of the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor with the double-squirrel-cage structure, which comprises the steps of switching windings when the rotating speed of a rotor reaches synchronous speed for the first time in the starting process of the motor, wherein the windings before switching are 12-slot 4-pole windings, the windings after switching are 12-slot 8-pole windings, and 12 coils of the 12-slot 4-pole windings are connected in opposite directions and two-phase sequences are arbitrarily exchanged to obtain the 12-slot 8-pole windings.
The one or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
In the invention, the fractional slot centralized winding is applied to the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor without a frequency converter, so that the self-starting can be realized, the use cost is reduced, the low slot multipolar design of the motor is realized, the application occasions of the motor are enriched, and two groups of conducting bars are arranged on the outer side of a rotor and are respectively connected with two end rings to form two independent squirrel cages. The double squirrel cage structure can filter out specific sub-magnetomotive force harmonic wave generated by the stator winding, and the position relation between the conducting bars and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet, so that the magnetic leakage phenomenon is greatly reduced, the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is improved, the 12-slot 4-pole winding has better starting capability before winding switching, the rotating speed of the motor can be improved to synchronous speed in a short time, the large-amplitude induction current before winding switching in the rotor conducting bars is quickly attenuated into small-amplitude harmonic current after the winding switching is completed, and the small-amplitude harmonic current is continuously maintained after the rotor conducting bars enter a synchronous operation state, so that the influence of the rotor conducting bars on synchronous operation is reduced to the minimum, the safety performance of the motor is improved, and the motor has better steady-state operation capability.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and without limitation thereto, and the motor parameters may be arbitrarily selected and modified accordingly in compliance with the design rules.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor with a double cage structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a magnetic field distribution of an asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor with a double cage structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an oblique view of a mutually independent double cage structure formed in a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a mutually independent double cage structure formed in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a mutually independent double cage structure formed in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a phase diagram of a 12-slot 8-pole winding after winding switching of a fractional-slot concentrated winding asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to a second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a connection diagram of a 12-slot 8-pole winding coil after winding switching of the fractional-slot concentrated winding asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor in the second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a phase diagram of a 12-slot 4-pole winding before winding switching of a fractional-slot concentrated winding asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to a second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is a connection diagram of a 12-slot 4-pole winding coil before winding switching of the fractional-slot concentrated winding asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor in the second embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1, stator teeth, 2, a stator, 3, stator windings, 4, permanent magnets, 5, conducting bars, 6, magnetic bridges, 7, a rotor, 8 and an end ring.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.
Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, this embodiment discloses an asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor with a double-squirrel-cage structure, two groups of conducting bars 5 are arranged on the outer circumference side of a rotor 7, the two groups of conducting bars 5 are respectively connected with two end rings 8 to form two independent squirrel-cage structures, and each conducting bar 5 corresponds to permanent magnet steel magnetic poles distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor 7.
Fig. 3-5 are only used for showing the grouping connection mode of the conducting bars, and do not represent the specific shape of the conducting bars, in this embodiment, a plurality of conducting bars 5 are arranged on the outer side of the rotor 7 along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of conducting bars 5 are annularly and uniformly distributed on the outer side of the rotor 7 at equal intervals, and form a double squirrel cage structure through grouping connection, so as to filter specific subharmonics.
The rotor 7 is cylindrical in integral structure, a plurality of guide bars 5 are uniformly and equidistantly distributed along the outer side of the circumferential direction, the guide bars 5 are divided into two groups, the grouping mode is that any guide bar 5 is different from two adjacent guide bars 5 on the left side and the right side of the guide bar, the two groups of guide bars 5 are respectively connected through end rings 8 to form two mutually independent squirrel cages, the guide bars 5 forming any squirrel cage still keep uniform equidistant distribution on the circumference, and the two squirrel cages are mutually independent because no contact or connection exists between the two squirrel cages.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a magnetic field distribution of an asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor with a double cage structure in this embodiment, and an arrow indicates a magnetization direction of a permanent magnet.
Specifically, in this embodiment, 8 guide bars 5 are provided, the pitch angle between the guide bars 5 is 45 °, the guide bars 5 are divided into two groups, the grouping mode is that any guide bar 5 is different from two adjacent guide bars 5 on the left side and the right side, as shown in fig. 3, one group of guide bars 5 can form a closed loop only by using one end ring 8 at the front end and the rear end of the guide bar, and the two groups of guide bars 5 are connected to form a squirrel cage, so that four end rings 8 are required in total to form two mutually independent squirrel cages, the guide bars 5 forming any squirrel cage still keep uniform equidistant distribution on the circumference, and the pitch angle between the guide bars 5 from the same squirrel cage is 90 °. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the two end rings 8 forming the same cage are axially offset by only the axial length of the bars 5, and the end rings of different cages are axially offset by an angle equal to 45 ° of the pitch angle between adjacent bars 5.
In this embodiment, a plurality of permanent magnet steels are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and the permanent magnet steels are arranged in a V-shape. And each pole of permanent magnet corresponds to one conducting bar 5, the position relationship of the conducting bars is that the geometric symmetry axis of each pole of permanent magnet is completely overlapped with the geometric symmetry axis of the corresponding conducting bar 5 from the end face of the rotor, and the negative influence of the conducting bars 5 on the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet is reduced to the minimum by the position relationship, so that magnetic force lines can enter the stator more easily.
The permanent magnets are distributed in a built-in mode, and are separated from the air gap only by a magnetic bridge, so that magnetic force lines more easily enter the stator and return to the rotor to form a loop. The openings of the permanent magnet steels distributed in the V shape face outwards.
In this embodiment, the whole structure of the stator 2 is cylindrical, slots are uniformly and equidistantly formed along the inner side of the circumferential direction, the pitch angle is 30 °, double-layer fractional slot concentrated windings are placed in the slots, namely, two element edges are placed in each slot, the element edges of two adjacent slots are closed to form coils to wind on the stator teeth in the middle, compared with single-layer windings, the double-layer windings can double the number of the coils, and the fractional slot concentrated windings reduce the coil ends to the greatest extent. Specifically, 12 coil sets are provided, and 4 coil sets are provided for each phase.
The stator winding adopts concentrated winding, and the conductors of two adjacent slots are closed to form a coil to be wound on the stator teeth 1 in the middle, so that the coil end is short, copper is saved, copper loss is less, efficiency and power density can be improved, and cost is saved.
The stator adopts fractional slot windings, the slot number of each phase of each pole is a true fraction smaller than 1, and compared with an integer slot motor, the stator slot number is smaller when the pole number is the same as the phase number. Taking a three-phase 8-pole 12-slot motor as an example, the slot number of each phase of each pole is 1/2, which is a true fraction smaller than 1, and compared with an integer slot motor, the stator slot number is smaller when the pole number is the same as the phase number.
The fractional slot concentrated winding and the double squirrel cage structure are applied to the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, so that the stator winding is guaranteed to be the fractional slot concentrated winding and belongs to the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, winding loss is reduced, motor efficiency is improved, energy is saved in response, a frequency converter is not needed, self-starting can be achieved, material cost is saved, and system cost is reduced.
Example two
The embodiment provides a pole-changing switching method of a double-squirrel-cage permanent magnet motor with fractional slot concentrated windings, which comprises the following steps:
The stator winding is directly connected with a power frequency three-phase alternating current power supply, the stator generates a rotating magnetic field, induced current is generated in the rotor squirrel-cage winding, then a rotor rotating magnetic field is generated, the stator magnetic field and the rotor magnetic field interact to generate asynchronous torque, so that the rotor accelerates, when the rotor accelerates to synchronous rotating speed, winding switching is carried out, no large induction current is generated in the rotor winding after switching, and at the moment, only a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet is generated on the rotor, so that asynchronous starting of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is realized.
In the starting process of the motor, when the rotating speed of the rotor reaches the synchronous speed corresponding to the second polarity for the first time, winding switching is carried out, all coils in stator slots before and after switching are utilized, and only the connection mode among the coils is changed. The windings before switching are three-phase 12 slot 4 pole windings with unit motor number of 2 and winding arrangement once every 6 slots, as shown in fig. 8-9, and the windings after switching are three-phase 12 slot 8 pole windings with unit motor number of 4 and winding arrangement once every 3 slots, as shown in fig. 6-7. As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the 12 coils of the 12-slot 4-pole winding are connected in opposite directions and two-phase sequences are exchanged at will to obtain the 12-slot 8-pole winding, and specific magnetomotive force harmonic energy generated by the 12-slot 8-pole winding is inhibited by the double-squirrel-cage structure, so that large induction current cannot be generated in the rotor conducting bars, and the motor has better synchronous operation capability.
The stator winding connection is switched in the starting process of the motor, magnetomotive force working harmonic waves generated by the stator winding before and after the switching are different, the magnetomotive force generated by the stator winding before the switching enables the motor to have stronger starting capability, meanwhile, large current is induced in the rotor conducting bars, the stator winding after the switching can enable the motor to work in a synchronous state, and the rotor conducting bars do not have large induced current.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN202311206562.7A CN119652046B (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | A dual-squirrel-cage permanent magnet motor with fractional slot concentrated windings and a pole-changing switching method |
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| CN202311206562.7A CN119652046B (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | A dual-squirrel-cage permanent magnet motor with fractional slot concentrated windings and a pole-changing switching method |
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| CN119652046B true CN119652046B (en) | 2025-12-26 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119834509B (en) * | 2025-03-18 | 2025-06-27 | 山东大学 | Fractional slot concentrated winding rotor winding type asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN119995197A (en) * | 2025-04-17 | 2025-05-13 | 山东大学 | Fractional-slot concentrated winding induction motor |
| CN120658041B (en) * | 2025-08-19 | 2025-10-28 | 湖南大学 | Deep sea high-voltage induction motor with rotor conducting bar switching structure |
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| JPH1098859A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-04-14 | Shinko Electric Co Ltd | Fan motor having two-pole / four-pole switching function and speed switching method for the fan motor |
| CN202004611U (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-10-05 | 浙江大学 | Cage rotor of self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN102868268A (en) * | 2011-07-03 | 2013-01-09 | 余虹锦 | Novel air gap magnetic field electromagnetic modulation permanent magnet motor with double squirrel cage structure |
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| AU2003271527A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-04-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Three-phase synchronous machine comprising a permanent magnet rotor and an induction cage |
| JP6202664B2 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2017-09-27 | 学校法人 東洋大学 | Pole conversion permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine and drive system thereof |
| CN104184291B (en) * | 2014-03-16 | 2016-06-08 | 大连碧蓝节能环保科技有限公司 | Two half 4 pole asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motors and pole-changing windings method |
| CN106787572B (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2018-11-16 | 大连碧蓝节能环保科技有限公司 | It is segmented phase shift and starts pole-changing windings permasyn morot |
| CN210536478U (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2020-05-15 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Core structure of a new type of fault-tolerant dual-stator asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1098859A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-04-14 | Shinko Electric Co Ltd | Fan motor having two-pole / four-pole switching function and speed switching method for the fan motor |
| CN202004611U (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-10-05 | 浙江大学 | Cage rotor of self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN102868268A (en) * | 2011-07-03 | 2013-01-09 | 余虹锦 | Novel air gap magnetic field electromagnetic modulation permanent magnet motor with double squirrel cage structure |
| CN203537091U (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-04-09 | 江苏大学 | Double-salient pole double-squirrel cage outer rotor structure of stator permanent magnet double-rotor motor |
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