CN1196421A - 单面浸渍的印刷纸载体 - Google Patents

单面浸渍的印刷纸载体 Download PDF

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CN1196421A
CN1196421A CN98106907A CN98106907A CN1196421A CN 1196421 A CN1196421 A CN 1196421A CN 98106907 A CN98106907 A CN 98106907A CN 98106907 A CN98106907 A CN 98106907A CN 1196421 A CN1196421 A CN 1196421A
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pigment
resin
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克劳斯·里纳克
伯恩特·赖因哈特
海因里希·霍恩斯凯麦耶尔
赖因哈特·简本
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KAEMMEREER GmbH
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Abstract

由非打浆施胶的纸制成的薄的树脂渗浸纸,在其印刷面或上漆面具有颜料涂层,是上漆、印刷、覆膜性能等表面特性得到改善的一种薄的树脂渗浸纸,该薄的树脂渗浸纸浸渍时用浸渍树脂从颜料涂层的相反面开始。

Description

单面浸渍的印刷纸载体
本发明涉及基于预浸渍纸的单面颜料涂布的薄的树脂渗浸纸。
表面抛光的装饰膜是家具制造业中用于刨花板和MDF(中密度纤维)板的表面装饰材料。这里所说的装饰膜是指经合成树脂渍浸或者经合成树脂浸渍之后再进行表面处理的，在受压或加热时不再发生变化的进行装饰性印刷或非印刷的卷筒纸。依浸渍工艺类型的不同，装饰膜可分为彻底浸渍至卷芯的热固性装饰膜(离线工艺)和基于预浸渍纸的装饰膜(在线工艺)，然者可再进行抛光涂布。这样可制得表面充分抛光的装饰膜。
基于预浸渍纸的装饰膜在紧接着片状成型之后，依据每单位面积原纸的质量，在造纸机中已用树脂混合物进行了程度不同的浸渍。干燥之后，纸或膜必须有抗撕裂的能力，这样才能在后续工艺中如抛光涂布和压合至适当物体上时，保证装饰膜不发生纤维分离。
所述的预浸渍纸的所需蔽光性、颜色和耐光性可以通过在纸浆中加入大量的白色颜料而获得。
薄的树脂渗浸纸是指单位面积质量为20-80g/m2的预浸渍纸或装饰膜，这些薄的树脂渗浸纸的主要特征是足够平坦，因此可毫无困难地进行覆膜，然而由于合成树脂的加入而限制了其平滑性，这些薄的树脂渗浸纸在用水基或溶剂基的凹版油墨印刷时只能满足普通的需求。
我们也知道单位面积质量在20-50g/m2之间的非浸渍的纸即和纸(Japanese Paper)正被越来越多地用作表面装饰材料。
与预浸渍纸相比，所述白色或有色纸只含有少量的颜料(如果有的话)，所以在未处理之前蔽光性较低。因此这就限制了其被用于刨花板和中密度板的表面覆盖。前面所述的和纸具有非常好的内部强度和单面平滑性，这些特性使它非常适用于凹版印刷和上漆。另一方面，和纸没有经过合成树脂浸渍而仅用未加颜料的聚合物膜进行了表面处理，它在使用大多数水基粘合剂的覆膜工艺中，边角极易卷曲。因此，在使用轧辊覆膜机的传统连续工艺中，所述纸可以被压合在刨花板和中密度纤维板上，只是干燥时有些困难。这种被覆膜的板可以和使用了预浸渍纸的情况一样容易进行机器加工，因这种纸只在短边会有一些撕裂。
本发明的目的是提供这样一种薄的树脂渗浸纸，它具有尽可能低的单位面积的质量，有足够的片层强度和好的平整性，并且可以同样好地进行轧辊覆膜，甚至使用水基粘合剂时更迅速，但仍具有非常好的凹版印刷和上漆的特性。而且，如果可能，这种薄的树脂渗浸纸应有比单位面积相当质量的传统和纸更理想的耐光性和蔽光性，而且应该比已知的预浸渍纸有更佳的强度特性。
这一目标可以这样来实现，将薄的树脂渗浸纸的上面即印刷或上漆面用一种颜料涂布，从下面即覆膜面开始用树脂进行浸渍。
为了制备按照本发明的薄的树脂渗浸纸，采用高吸光度值和高强度的纸浆纤维混合物，例如由桉树纸浆和松木硫化纸浆所制得的混合物。任何情况下都不需要打浆施胶，按使用目的的不同，纸浆纤维混合物可以含有白色或有色颜料。
在所述薄的树脂渗浸纸的一面形成的颜料涂层度1至8g/m2的涂层，如3、5或7g/m2。依固体含量计，颜料涂层中颜料和粘合剂比例最好为1∶0.05至1∶2之间，在特别优选实施方案中为1∶0.05至1∶2或1∶0.08至1∶0.35之间。
制备颜料涂层时，加入白色颜料如粘土、碳酸、氢氧化铝、滑石或二氧化钛或者有色颜料例如氧化铁颜料、炭黑、铜、铝及其它金属颜料或者有机的有色颜料，这些颜料可单独加入或混合加入，必要时也可以加入液体染料。颜料涂层可以含有天然或合成的粘合剂如淀粉、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、多聚丙烯酸胶乳、丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、丁二烯或乙烯基乙酰丙腈等。按照优选实施方案，颜料涂层中基于每一份颜料含有1至10重量份的三聚氰胺树脂、尿素树脂或苯基脂或乙二醛树脂。在颜料涂层中也可以加入传统的交联剂或渗透助剂。
颜料涂层必须对水或含溶剂物质如漆及印刷油墨有防护性能。为使尽可能薄的涂层获得好的平滑性和足够的防护性能，特别优选片状的颜料例如粘土、氢氧化铝或滑石。在颜料涂布时通过选择合适的粘合剂类型和比例也可以基本满足这些特性。
但是，降低按照本发明的单面颜料涂布的薄的树脂渗浸纸的单位面积质量，会影响强度和覆盖能力(蔽光性)。一方面，蔽光性可随着向纤维材料中加入蔽光性增效剂和耐光的白色或有色颜料而增加，但同时对纸的强度产生不利的影响。加入干或湿的强度增效剂可以在一定程度上弥补这种对纸强度的不利影响。另一方面，在有色纸的生产过程中，由于颜料涂层可以减少有色纸耐光性低的缺点，所述颜料就很可能会被低耐光性的水性染料全部或部分取代。在不影响强度的条件下，通过向纤维材料中加入，例如，阴离子或阳离子直接染料而获得所需颜色的纸，而且单面颜料涂层又可同时改善蔽光性和耐光性能。
基于前面提到的单体和三氯氰胺、尿素或酚醛树脂及其混合物与聚合物分散剂的含水聚合物分散剂被用于纸的浸渍。向浸渍液中加入最多10重量份的颜料(固体)，白色预浸渍纸的蔽光性仍可以增加。树脂的摄入量为原纸重量的5％至30％，优选为5％至15％之间。
而且，其它助剂如润湿剂、粘度调节物、抗粘剂及渗透剂、颜料、染料和消泡剂都可以加入浸渍混合物中。
优选采用所谓的薄层技术在造纸机中将颜料涂层加到原纸上。关于薄层技术的描述参见：“Das Papier，1991，Volume 10A，pp V120-V124，Wochenblatt fur Papierfabrikation，1993，volume 10，pp 390-393和1994Volume 17，pp 671-676”。
已经证明“Wochenblatt fur Papierfabrikation(1992)，No.6，pp 198-205”中所描述的所谓差异涂布法特别有利于按照本发明的薄的树脂渗浸纸的制备。当使用该涂布技术时，可以用上文提道的薄层技术在按照本发明的卷筒纸的一面进行颜料涂布而使另一面在辊隙中同时进行浸渍作用(Sump development)。
经过浸渍，纸的结构纸在弹性和脆性/平坦性方面，发生了取决于后续工艺的要求的可测量的改变。而且，应保证按本发明浸渍的纸的反面与刨花板和密度纤维板贴合时能快速而且牢固结合。如果水基粘合剂的粘合力和粘度是按刨花板特别是家具薄膜的表面特性精确确定的，这才是可能的。薄的装饰膜表面的物化特性对此也有重要影响。
按照本发明的浸渍的和表面颜料涂布的薄的树脂渗浸纸一面可能是光滑的，利用软压延机或机械压延机的在线修平已证明是保持纸的蔽光性的特别有效的方法。
按照本发明的单面颜料涂布的薄的树脂渗浸纸有好的平整度和片层强度，并且颜料涂布面有非常好的适印性和上漆特性。用合成树脂浸渍的纸的另一面可以快速、容易地与纤维板粘接起来。
按照本发明的薄的树脂渗浸纸也适用于其他要求场合，在这些场合要求纸载体有非常好的单面印刷特性或是能被水基或溶剂基介质涂布的能力，而且纸的反面与不同的基质材料有好的结合或覆膜特性。可提道的例子有墙衬、招贴纸材料和包装专用纸。
下面的实施例进一步解释了本发明，除非特别指明，所有数量均为固体或固体的含量。实施例1
在约2.30米宽、速度为400米/分钟的造纸机上制备45g/m2未打浆施胶的淡棕色原纸，其纤维组成为80％的桉树纸浆和20％松木硫化纸浆，每吨纸浆加入25公斤二氧化钛作为填料。在双轧辊涂布机上用差异涂布法(膜压)在纸的一面形成3-4g/m2高粘合剂含量的粘土颜料涂层，另一面以丙烯酸胶乳和尿素树脂的合成树脂混合物进行浸渍。树脂的摄入量约为原纸重量的10％。接着再将纸在小规模软压延机上修平颜料涂布面。将所得的本发明纸的特性与和纸和具有单位面积相当质量和颜色的预浸渍纸进行比较。
在实验室测试中，与传统的53g/m2的家具用预浸渍纸相比，本发明得基于45g/m2的预浸渍纸的单面颜料涂布的薄的树脂渗浸纸，在用含水的丙烯酸清漆(9g/m2抛光用)对纸的颜料面进行抛光后能获得更好的凹版印刷特性和高的光泽度，并且纸的反面对水基覆膜粘合剂(基于丙烯酸酯和尿素)有更快的吸收(也可参见水吸收值)。据此可以得出结论本发明的纸有较好的纤维板结合/覆膜特性。轻微的平整度不佳在覆膜过程中不会有任何不良影响。另一方面，对纤维板的覆膜效果较差是由于灰分含量低和相应的蔽光性降低，而且耐光性也变差。
与传统的和纸相比较，本发明的薄的树脂渗浸纸的凹版印刷特性略好，上漆稳定性明显地好，并且纸的反面对粘合剂的吸收更快(结合/覆膜特性得到了改善)。
而且，由于本发明制得纸的蔽光性略高，对纤维板的覆盖效果较好。由于表面颜料涂层，与传统和纸相比耐光性略好于传统和纸。实施例2
按与实施例1相似的方式，在造纸机上制得白色(漂白的)47g/m2的原纸，其纤维组成为80％桉树和20％松木硫化纸浆纤维，每吨纤维中加入50公斤二氧化钛作为填料。与实施例1相同用差异涂布法在一面进行颜料涂布(粘土)，对反面进行浸渍。所得纸再用软压延机进行在线修平。实施例3
按与实施例1和实施例2相似的方式，用造纸机制备白色(漂白的)80g/m2的原纸，其纤维组成为80％桉树和20％松木硫化纸浆，每吨纤维中加250公斤粘土和50公斤滑石作为填料，不同于实施例1和实施例2，纸浆进行充分的打浆施胶(树脂上胶)，以限制在随后的差异涂布方法中所用的浸渍和涂布组分渗透到纸的结构中。
与实施例1和实施例2不同，用以胶乳/尿素树脂(固体)的总量计，加入20％二氧化钛的丙烯酸胶乳和尿素树脂按70∶30(固体)的混合物，进行卷筒纸的单面颜料涂布。
另一方面，在卷筒纸的反面，与实施例1和实施例2相似用胶乳和合成树脂混合物进行部分浸渍，该浸渍树脂的摄入量仅为原纸重的5％。
将基于预浸渍纸即印刷原纸的该单面轻度上颜料的纸，与类似于本发明实施例2在反面进行浸渍的单面颜料涂布的薄的树脂渗浸纸、45g/m2的和纸以及53g/m2家具用预浸渍纸进行比较。
本发明的基于预浸渍纸的单面颜料涂布的薄的树脂渗浸纸被证明在以下方面显著优于其它纸：
——凹版印刷中最好的印刷特性
——最高的上漆稳定性
——纸的反面对覆膜粘合剂的吸收最快，即与其它材料的粘合或覆膜力最优。
另一方面，蔽光性和耐光性能比传统预浸渍纸和印刷原纸差。
至于蔽光性，必须注意单位面积印刷原纸重量较高所带来的影响。
按照本发明的薄的树脂渗浸纸综合了传统预浸渍纸和和纸两者的有利特性。实施例4
按与实施例1相似的方式，制备单位面积重量约为45g/m2的淡棕色原纸，该纸不用液体染料染色而是用基于氧化铁的颜料进行染色。
与实施例1至实施例3不同，用以胶乳和树脂(固体)总重量计，加入两倍重量粘土的苯乙烯/丁二烯胶乳/尿素树脂按25∶75(固体)的混合物，再进行卷筒纸的单面颜料涂布。
另外，卷筒纸的反面用与实施例1至实施例3相同的胶乳合成树脂混合物浸渍，用于浸渍的树脂重为原纸重的30％。
与按照实施例1和2制备的纸相比，该纸表现出较好的耐光性(大3-4)，较高的蔽光性(93％)以及较高的脆性，其负载抗性降低了约30％。实施例5
用与实施例4相似的方式，制备单位面积质量为45g/m2的有色原纸。
与实施例4不同，用向其中加入了大约两倍重量粘土(固体)的丙烯酸胶乳/尿素树脂按90∶10(固体)的混合物，进行卷筒纸的单面颜料涂布。卷筒纸的反面用与实施例1和实施例2相同的胶乳/合成树脂浸渍。
树脂的摄入量约为原纸重量的10％。
与按实施例1、实施例2和实施例4所制出的纸相比，本产品表现出略好的适印性和适绘适性以及较高的弹性。
                                  试样1
         性    能颜色：浅棕色     单  位     本发明的纸(平均值)   预浸渍纸(平均值)    和纸
单位面积质量厚度原纸密度     g/m2微米g/cm3     45451.000     53570.940     45520.865
断裂长度纵向横向抗撕裂能力(Elmendorf)纵向横向     千米mN·m2/g 8.56.58.99.3 7.54.27.27.6 11.67.010.916.5
平滑性(Bekk)正面微粗糙度正面(Parker Print Surf)孔积率(Bendtsen)      s微米毫升/分钟     5002.5＜5     4003.570     4142.47210
吸水性(Cobb-Unger)正面网面上漆稳定性光泽(75°)(水性涂层重约9g/m2)适印性(水性凹版色)   克/平方米％注1 3035751 1010663 1824352
灰分蔽光性     ％％     789.0     1096.0     0.684.0
耐光性     注2     2     6     1
注1)  1＝很好，5＝差
注2)  值越高耐光性越好
                 试样2和试样3
      性  能颜色：漂白    单 位   本发明的纸(平均值)   预浸渍纸(平均值) Druckbasispapier(Durchschnittswerte)   和纸
单位面积质量厚度未加工时密度     g/m2微米g/cm3     47451,040     53570.940      80870.920    51630.810
断裂长度纵向横向抗撕裂能力(Elmendorf)纵向横向      kmmN·m2/g 8.56.58.58.9 7.54.27.27.6 9.35.98.17.7 9.86.010.214.2
平滑度(Bekk)正面微粗糙度正面(Parker Print Surf)孔积率(Bendtsen)      sμmml/min     5002.5＜5     4503.570      2003.3100    3982.7180
吸水性(Cobb-Unger)正面网面上漆稳定性光泽(75°)(水性涂层重约9g/m2)适印性(水性凹版色)     g/m2％注1 3035751 1010663 262654间于1，2之间 2023342
灰分蔽光性     ％％     1075.0     2080.0      1084.0    0.366.7
耐光性     注2     2     6      3    1
注1)  1＝很好，5＝差
注2)  值越高耐光性越好

Claims (5)

1.一种薄的树脂渗浸纸，在原纸的印刷面或上漆面上具有颜料涂层，该树脂渗浸纸是从颜料涂布面的相反面开始用浸渍树脂进行浸渍。
2.按照权利要求1的薄的树脂渗浸纸，其特征在于所形成的颜料涂层厚度为1-8克/平方米。
3.按照权利1的薄的树脂渗浸纸，其特征在于在颜料涂层中，按固体计，颜料和粘合剂的比例为1∶0.05至1∶0.35。
4.按照权利要求1的薄的树脂渗浸纸，其特征在于颜料涂层含重量为1％至10％的三氯氰胺树脂、尿素树脂、酚醛树脂或乙二醛树脂。
5.按照权利要求1的薄的树脂渗浸纸，其特征在于原纸对树脂的摄入量按固体计为原纸重量的5％至15％。
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