CN119608583A - A vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste - Google Patents
A vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN119608583A CN119608583A CN202411933499.1A CN202411933499A CN119608583A CN 119608583 A CN119608583 A CN 119608583A CN 202411933499 A CN202411933499 A CN 202411933499A CN 119608583 A CN119608583 A CN 119608583A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
- B07B7/06—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents by impingement against sieves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
- B07C5/362—Separating or distributor mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/0054—Sorting of waste or refuse
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/58—Construction or demolition [C&D] waste
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- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种建筑垃圾垂直输送分选装置，包括缓冲通道、分选室、重质分选通道和轻质分选通道；分选室的上端与缓冲通道的下端连通，分选室通过风力将轻质垃圾送至轻质分离通道中。重质分选通道和轻质分选通道均包括检测通道、污染物通道和无污染通道；检测通道通过电动翻板切换与污染物通道和无污染通道之间的连通关系；检测通道和轻质检测通道内均设置有识别污染物的检测单元。检测单元通过光谱检测技术能够识别出粘附在垃圾表面的油漆涂料等污染物，结合电动翻板切换检测通道与污染物通道和无污染物通道的连通关系，将粘附有污染物的垃圾排放至污染物通道中，从而实现污染物垃圾的分选，最终达到对建筑垃圾进行分类的效果。
The present invention relates to a vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste, comprising a buffer channel, a sorting chamber, a heavy-weight sorting channel and a light-weight sorting channel; the upper end of the sorting chamber is connected to the lower end of the buffer channel, and the sorting chamber sends light-weight waste to the light-weight separation channel by wind power. The heavy-weight sorting channel and the light-weight sorting channel both include a detection channel, a pollutant channel and a non-polluting channel; the detection channel switches the connection relationship between the pollutant channel and the non-polluting channel through an electric flap; and detection units for identifying pollutants are provided in the detection channel and the light-weight detection channel. The detection unit can identify pollutants such as paint adhered to the surface of the garbage through spectral detection technology, and discharges the garbage adhered with pollutants into the pollutant channel in combination with the connection relationship between the detection channel switched by the electric flap and the pollutant channel and the non-polluting channel, thereby realizing the sorting of pollutant garbage, and finally achieving the effect of classifying construction waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of classification and collection of construction waste, in particular to a vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste.
Background
At present, a large amount of building rubbish can be generated and accumulated on each floor in the construction process of the building engineering, and a transportation mode of rubbish pipelines is generally adopted, but the degree of classifying and collecting the building rubbish is low, most of the building rubbish is mixed and collected, and the difficulty of recycling and harmless treatment of the rubbish is increased.
In the prior art, as the patent number is CN109629795B, an intelligent construction waste classification device is disclosed, each floor is provided with a floor waste port, adjacent floor waste ports are connected through a transportation channel, the lower part of the lowest floor waste port or transportation channel is provided with a construction waste transportation channel and a decoration waste transportation channel, an electric plate turnover device is arranged between the construction waste transportation channel and the decoration waste transportation channel, the lower part of the construction waste transportation channel is provided with a particle size separation channel, and the particle size separation channel and the lower part of the decoration waste transportation channel are respectively provided with a movable waste collection vehicle. The automatic and efficient classification functions of the construction waste in stages, classification and particle size distribution are realized.
Among the above-mentioned prior art, be equipped with electronic movable panel turnover, can switch according to civil engineering construction stage and decoration fitment construction stage, get into different separation passageway with the construction rubbish of different construction stages, but only to the rubbish of decoration fitment stage, only uniformly discharge it to a refuse collection vehicle in, and can not realize the rubbish to the decoration fitment stage classifying, the solid rubbish of decoration fitment construction stage includes the decoration abandonment material, useless decoration material, abandonment packing etc. for the solid rubbish of civil engineering construction stage, have the characteristics such as the composition is complicated, harmful substance is many, the pollution nature is stronger, wherein the pollutant mainly is coating and paint, can attach to on arbitrary solid waste, make it be difficult to select separately it in the in-process that uses vertical conveying passageway to carry rubbish.
Based on this, it is necessary to study a construction waste vertical conveying and sorting apparatus.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste, which can effectively solve the problem that the existing garbage sorting device based on the vertical conveying channel is difficult to sort construction waste generated in the decoration and finishing stage.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a vertical conveying and sorting device for construction wastes comprises a buffer channel, a sorting chamber, a heavy sorting channel and a light sorting channel;
the upper end of the buffer channel is used for being communicated with the vertical garbage channel;
the upper end of the sorting chamber is communicated with the lower end of the buffer channel, the side wall of the sorting chamber is provided with a winnowing port, and a fan for conveying wind power towards the winnowing port is arranged in the sorting chamber;
the heavy sorting channel comprises a heavy detection channel, a heavy pollutant channel and a heavy pollution-free channel;
the upper end of the heavy detection channel is communicated with the lower end of the separation chamber, the lower end of the heavy detection channel is communicated with the heavy pollutant channel and the heavy pollution-free channel, and the lower end of the heavy detection channel is provided with a first electric turning plate which is used for switching the communication relationship between the heavy pollutant channel and the heavy pollution-free channel;
the light sorting channel comprises a light detection channel, a light pollutant channel and a light pollution-free channel;
The upper end of the light detection channel is communicated with the winnowing port of the separation chamber, the lower end of the light detection channel is communicated with the light pollutant channel and the light pollution-free channel, and the lower end of the light detection channel is provided with a second electric turning plate which is switched to be communicated with the light pollutant channel and the light pollution-free channel;
Detection units for identifying pollutants are arranged in the heavy detection channel and the light detection channel, and each detection unit comprises a spectrum sensor;
The detection unit, the first electric turning plate and the second electric turning plate are all in control connection with the controller.
Further, the separation chamber is also internally provided with a magnetic attraction device, the magnetic attraction device comprises a mounting frame and an electromagnet, the mounting frame is fixed on the side wall of the separation chamber, and the electromagnet is arranged on the mounting frame and is in control connection with the controller.
Further, a gravity sensor is arranged between the mounting frame and the electromagnet;
the lower end of the sorting chamber is also communicated with a metal transportation channel, and a third electric turning plate is arranged between the metal transportation channel and the heavy quality detection channel;
the lower end of the sorting chamber is switched with the communication relationship between the metal transportation channel and the heavy quality detection channel through a third electric turning plate;
the gravity sensor and the third electric turning plate are connected with the controller in a control manner.
The first, second and third electric turning plates comprise shaft seats, rotating shafts, turning plates and a corner motor, the shaft seats are respectively fixed between the heavy pollutant channel and the heavy pollution-free channel, between the light pollutant channel and the light pollution-free channel and between the metal transportation channel and the heavy detection channel, the turning plates are rotatably arranged on the shaft seats through the rotating shafts, the rotating shafts are in transmission connection with the rotating shafts of the corner motor, and the corner motor is in control connection with the controller.
Further, a dust conveying channel is arranged between the air separation opening and the light detection channel, the upper part of the dust conveying channel is horizontally communicated with the air separation opening, the lower part of the dust conveying channel vertically extends downwards after being bent, a dust separation sieve which only allows dust to pass through is obliquely arranged in the middle of the dust conveying channel, the upper end of the light detection channel is communicated with the dust conveying channel, and the communication point is positioned at the lowest point of the dust separation sieve.
Further, the lower end of the heavy pollution-free channel is communicated with a particle size separation channel, the particle size separation channel is obliquely downwards arranged, a plurality of particle size separation openings are formed in the lower surface of the particle size separation channel at intervals along the oblique direction, the particle size separation openings are respectively communicated with an independent particle size conveying channel, screening nets are arranged on the particle size separation openings, and the pore diameters of the screening nets distributed from top to bottom become larger gradually.
Further, the lower end of the dust conveying channel is communicated with the particle size conveying channel with the smallest sorting particle size.
Further, the buffer channel, the heavy detection channel, the light detection channel, the heavy pollutant channel and the light pollutant channel are all obliquely downwards arranged, and the bottom of the buffer channel is provided with a buffer pad.
Further, the heavy pollutant channel and the light pollutant channel are internally provided with secondary detection units, each secondary detection unit comprises a spectrum sensor, and the secondary detection units are in control connection with the controller.
Further, a triggering unit for detecting the passing of garbage is arranged in the buffer channel, the triggering unit comprises a laser sensor, and the triggering unit is in control connection with the controller.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
The invention is deployed on a construction site, and based on the preliminary light-weight separation effect of the garbage in the vertical conveying process of the garbage through the vertical garbage channel, the garbage is separated into light garbage and heavy garbage by combining wind power, and the light garbage and the heavy garbage are respectively conveyed into different detection channels, so that the garbage can be separated once, the light garbage such as packaging paper, foam materials, plastic films, dust and the like, the heavy garbage such as bricks, concrete blocks, ceramic plates and the like can be classified, the surface of the garbage can be exposed as much as possible, the light garbage is prevented from being covered and shielding the heavy garbage, and the detection unit can conveniently identify pollutants.
The detection channel is internally provided with the detection unit, the detection unit can identify pollutants such as paint coating adhered to the surface of the garbage through a spectrum detection technology, and the detection channel is switched by combining an electric turning plate to be communicated with the pollutant channel and the pollutant-free channel, so that the garbage adhered with the pollutants is discharged into the pollutant channel, the separation of the pollutant garbage is realized, the problem that the existing garbage classification device based on the vertical conveying channel is difficult to effectively separate the building garbage generated in the decoration and fitment stage is effectively solved, the building garbage can be initially separated, the method is simultaneously suitable for the civil engineering construction stage and the decoration and fitment construction stage, and the pollutant garbage is initially separated in the decoration and fitment construction stage so as to facilitate the subsequent further system classification of the building garbage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the present invention (metal delivery channels not shown);
fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 1 a.
Reference numeral 1 is a buffer channel, 2 is a sorting chamber, 3 is a vertical garbage channel, 4 is a heavy detection channel, 5 is a heavy pollutant channel, 6 is a heavy pollution-free channel, 7 is a first electric turning plate, 8 is a light detection channel, 9 is a light pollutant channel, 10 is a light pollution-free channel, 11 is a second electric turning plate, 12 is a detection unit, 13 is a magnetic attraction device, 14 is a third electric turning plate, 15 is a metal transportation channel, 16 is a dust transportation channel, 17 is a particle size sorting channel, 18 is a particle size transportation channel, 19 is a screening net, 20 is a secondary detection unit, 21 is a triggering unit, 22 is a collecting vehicle, 101 is a buffer pad, 201 is a winnowing port, 202 is a fan, 1301 is a mounting frame, 1302 is an electromagnet, 1303 is a gravity sensor, and 1601 is a dust sorting screen.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
the embodiment aims at providing a vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste, which is mainly used for sorting construction waste conveyed through a vertical waste channel 3 in construction and aims at solving the problem that the conventional vertical conveying channel-based waste sorting device is difficult to effectively sort construction waste generated in a decoration stage.
A vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprises a buffer channel 1, a sorting chamber 2, a heavy sorting channel and a light sorting channel.
The upper end of the buffer channel 1 is used for being communicated with the vertical garbage channel 3, the vertical garbage channel 3 is used for vertically conveying building garbage downwards from each floor, each floor is provided with a floor garbage port communicated with the vertical garbage channel 3, the concrete structure and principle of the vertical garbage channel 3 are the prior art, but it is emphasized that the embodiment is based on the vertical garbage channel 3 and arranged on a construction site, and the buffer channel can be simultaneously applied to a civil engineering construction stage and a decoration construction stage, and particularly can be used for primarily sorting pollutant garbage in the decoration construction stage so as to facilitate the subsequent further systematic classification of the building garbage.
As shown in fig. 1, the buffer channel 1 is mainly used for buffering and decelerating the vertically conveyed garbage, the upper end of the sorting chamber 2 is communicated with the lower end of the buffer channel 1, so that the speed and the kinetic energy of the garbage entering the sorting chamber 2 are reduced, the garbage can be sorted conveniently, the buffer channel 1 is an inclined downward pipeline, and a layer of buffer pad 101 is fixed at the bottom of the buffer channel to cope with the impact of the vertically conveyed garbage.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a wind opening 201 is formed in a side wall of the sorting chamber 2, a fan 202 for conveying wind force towards the wind opening 201 is arranged in the sorting chamber 2, specifically, a wind opening is formed in the side wall, facing the wind opening 201, of the sorting chamber 2, the fan 202 is fixedly arranged on the wind opening, a filter screen is fixed on the wind opening, when the fan 202 works, wind force towards the wind opening 201 can be provided for the sorting chamber 2, light garbage in garbage is blown towards the wind opening 201 and then enters the light detection channel 8, and heavy garbage is continuously conveyed downwards to the heavy detection channel 4, so that light and heavy separation of garbage is realized. The power and the start and stop of the fan 202 are controlled and connected through the controller, and the specific structure and the working principle of the fan 202 are all related to the prior art, which is not repeated here, but it is emphasized that the fan 202 is adopted to separate the garbage lightly and heavily in the embodiment, and the primary light and heavy separation effect is carried out on the garbage in the process of vertically conveying the garbage by combining the vertical garbage channel 3, so that the wind force vertical to the garbage flow direction can effectively realize the light and heavy separation of the garbage.
In the decoration construction stage, the light garbage mainly comprises packaging paper, foam materials, plastic films, dust and the like, the heavy garbage mainly comprises bricks, concrete blocks, ceramic plates and the like, the pollutants mainly comprise paint and paint attached to or covered on the garbage surface, and the embodiment mainly aims at sorting out garbage containing the paint and the paint. Because the light garbage such as the packaging paper, the foam material, the plastic film and the like usually has a larger volume, the heavy garbage is covered and shielded easily, and dust can cause adverse effect on the detection result, the light garbage and the heavy garbage are separated and detected independently by adopting the light-heavy separation method, and the detection precision can be improved by relatively focusing on the detection of pollutants of the specific type of garbage.
As in fig. 1, the heavy sorting channels include a heavy detection channel 4, a heavy contaminant channel 5, and a heavy contaminant free channel 6. The upper end of the heavy detection channel 4 is communicated with the lower end of the separation chamber 2, the lower end of the heavy detection channel 4 is communicated with the heavy pollutant channel 5 and the heavy pollution-free channel 6, and the specific heavy detection channel 4, the heavy pollutant channel 5 and the heavy pollution-free channel 6 form a three-fork communication structure. The lower end of the heavy matter detection channel 4 is provided with a first electric turning plate 7, the first electric turning plate 7 comprises a shaft seat, a rotating shaft, a turning plate and a corner motor, the shaft seat is fixed on the intersecting line of the heavy pollutant channel 5 and the heavy pollution-free channel 6, the turning plate is rotatably arranged on the shaft seat through the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft of the corner motor, and the corner motor is in control connection with the controller. By rotating the first electric flap 7, the communication relationship between the heavy detection channel 4 and the heavy contaminant channel 5 and the heavy contaminant-free channel 6 can be switched.
As shown in fig. 2, the light sorting channels include a light detection channel 8, a light contaminant channel 9, and a light contaminant free channel 10. The upper end of the light detection channel 8 is communicated with the winnowing port 201 of the sorting chamber 2, the lower end of the light detection channel 8 is communicated with the light pollutant channel 9 and the light pollution-free channel 10, the lower end of the light detection channel 8 is provided with a second electric turning plate 11, a shaft seat of the specific second electric turning plate 11 is fixed on an intersecting line of the light pollutant channel 9 and the light pollution-free channel 10, and the communication relation between the light pollutant channel 9 and the light pollution-free channel 10 is switched through the second electric turning plate 11, and the specific structure and the working principle of the second electric turning plate 11 are the same as those of the first electric turning plate 7 and are not repeated herein.
Detection units 12 for identifying pollutants are arranged in the heavy-weight detection channel 4 and the light-weight detection channel 8, and the detection units 12 comprise spectrum sensors. Paints and coatings are generally composed of pigments, resins, solvents and additives, wherein certain chemical groups (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, aromatic rings, etc.) have absorption or reflection properties for light of specific wavelengths, and different types of coatings (e.g., aqueous, oily) have unique spectral characteristics in the ultraviolet, visible, near infrared spectral ranges. The spectral sensor irradiates the garbage surface with a light source (such as laser and LED), the paint can absorb light with a specific wavelength and reflect other wavelengths, the spectral sensor captures reflected or transmitted light signals, converts the signals into a spectral curve through a spectral analysis algorithm (such as Fourier transform or convolution analysis), and finally compares the spectral curve of the garbage with a known paint spectral characteristic database to identify the type of paint and whether pollution exists. In relation to the identification of paint coatings attached to solids by means of a spectral sensor, which is not described in detail herein, in other embodiments, the detection unit 12 may further comprise a color sensor, which assists in identifying contaminants by identifying vivid color features of the paint coating, and performing a preliminary screening of the vivid color paint coating.
The detection unit 12, the first electric turning plate 7 and the second electric turning plate 11 are all connected with the controller in a control manner, the controller is a singlechip, and the controller is mainly used for receiving signals of the detection unit 12 and controlling actions of controlled peripheral devices such as the first electric turning plate 7, the second electric turning plate 11 and the like based on an embedded control system, and the specific structure and principle of the controller are all of the prior art and are not repeated here.
The principle of the controller for detecting and sorting the light and heavy contaminants according to the detection unit 12 is the same, and the heavy contaminant detection will be described as an example. The first electric flap 7 is used for blocking the heavy pollutant channel 5 in an initial state, when the detection unit 12 detects pollutants in the heavy detection channel 4, the controller controls the first electric flap 7 to rotate, the heavy pollutant channel 5 is opened and the heavy pollutant-free channel 6 is blocked, the state is kept for a delay period, garbage containing the pollutants is discharged into the heavy pollutant channel 5, if the detection unit 12 detects the pollutants again in the delay period, the delay period is recalculated until the delay period is finished, the electric flap is reset, the heavy pollutant-free channel 6 is opened and the heavy pollutant channel 5 is blocked, and finally, a section of garbage flow containing the pollutants is integrally discharged into the heavy pollutant channel 5 to achieve the effect of preliminary automatic separation of the pollutants instead of singly removing the pollutants. Regarding the delay period, it may be set according to the actual situation, or a flowmeter for detecting the flow rate of the garbage may be integrated in the detecting unit 12, and the delay period may be calculated according to the real-time flow rate of the garbage to ensure that the contaminant detected in the heavy contaminant channel 4 enters the heavy contaminant channel 5.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, a magnetic attraction device 13 is further arranged in the sorting chamber 2, the magnetic attraction device 13 comprises a mounting frame 1301 and an electromagnet 1302, the mounting frame 1301 is fixed on the side wall of the sorting chamber 2, the electromagnet 1302 is mounted on the mounting frame 1301 and is in control connection with a controller, the controller can control the electromagnet 1302 to be powered on or powered off, so that the electromagnet 1302 has or loses magnetic attraction force, and the electromagnet 1302 is mainly used for adsorbing metal objects in garbage and comprises reinforcing steel bars, angle steel, screws and the like. Because of the high recovery value of the metal matters, the metal matters adhered with pollutants are not separated independently in the embodiment, and the metal matters are collected independently and uniformly, wherein the pollutants are subjected to cleaning treatment in the subsequent garbage treatment process.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, a gravity sensor 1303 is disposed between the mounting frame 1301 and the electromagnet 1302, the gravity sensor 1303 is in control connection with a controller, and the controller determines whether the current electromagnet 1302 is fully loaded by analyzing data returned by the gravity sensor 1303. As shown in fig. 1, the lower end of the sorting chamber 2 is also communicated with a metal transportation channel 15, a third electric turning plate 14 is arranged between the metal transportation channel 15 and the heavy quality detection channel 4, and the lower end of the sorting chamber 2 is switched to be communicated with the metal transportation channel 15 and the heavy quality detection channel 4 through the third electric turning plate 14. The third electric turning plate 14 is connected with the controller in a control manner, in an initial state, the third electric turning plate 14 seals the metal transportation channel 15, but when the electromagnet 1302 is fully loaded, the third electric turning plate 14 turns over to open the metal transportation channel 15 and simultaneously seals the heavy quality detection channel 4, then the electromagnet 1302 is powered off, the metal object losing the adsorption force falls down and slides into the metal recovery channel, separate recovery of the metal object is realized, after a preset period is delayed, the third electric turning plate 14 is reset, and the electromagnet 1302 is electrified again. The specific structure of the third electric flap 14 is the same as that of the first electric flap 7, and will not be described here again.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, a dust conveying channel 16 is further arranged between the air separation opening 201 and the light-weight detection channel 8, the upper part of the dust conveying channel 16 is horizontally communicated with the air separation opening 201, and the lower part of the dust conveying channel 16 vertically extends downwards after being bent, so that a slow release effect on wind force is formed in a bending area, the speed of light-weight garbage is reduced, and the influence of wind force on subsequent separation is prevented. The middle part of the dust conveying channel 16 is obliquely provided with a dust sorting screen 1601 which only allows dust to pass through, and is used for separating dust in the light garbage independently in cooperation with the vertical conveying function of the vertical section of the dust conveying channel 16. The upper end of the light detection channel 8 is communicated with the dust conveying channel 16, and the communication point is positioned at the lowest point of the dust sorting screen 1601, so that light garbage such as plastic film, packaging paper and the like enters the light detection channel 8. The dust in the light garbage is separated independently and is mainly used for preventing the dust from influencing the optical sensor.
Further, the lower end of the heavy pollution-free channel 6 is communicated with a particle size sorting channel 17, the particle size sorting channel 17 is obliquely downwards arranged, a plurality of particle size sorting openings are formed in the lower surface of the particle size sorting channel 17 at intervals along the oblique direction, the particle size sorting openings are respectively communicated with an independent particle size conveying channel 18, screening nets 19 are arranged on the particle size sorting openings, and the pore diameters of the screening nets 19 distributed from top to bottom become larger gradually.
Further, the ends of the light pollutant channel 9, the light pollution-free channel 10, the heavy pollutant channel 5 and the metal transportation channel 15 are respectively provided with a garbage collection vehicle 22, and the garbage collection vehicle 22 is also respectively arranged below each particle size transportation channel 18 so as to collect garbage. The lower end of the dust conveying passage 16 communicates with a particle diameter conveying passage 18 in which the sorting particle diameter is smallest.
Further, the heavy pollutant channel 5 and the light pollutant channel 9 are both provided with a secondary detection unit 20, the secondary detection unit 20 comprises a spectrum sensor, the secondary detection unit 20 is in control connection with the controller, the secondary detection unit 20 mainly plays a role in auxiliary detection, is used for judging whether the pollutant smoothly enters the pollutant channel, on a sub-basis, the control logic of the first electric turning plate 11 and the second electric turning plate 11 can be optimized, and here, the first electric turning plate 7 is still taken as an example, when the detection unit 12 detects the pollutant in the heavy pollutant channel 5 for the first time, the first electric turning plate 7 is turned over, the garbage with the pollutant is discharged into the heavy pollutant channel 5, and when the secondary detection unit 20 does not detect the pollutant again in a short period, the first electric turning plate 7 is reset, so that the heavy pollutant channel 5 is closed. I.e. the detection unit 12 is dedicated to controlling the opening of the heavy contaminant channel 5, whereas the secondary detection unit 20 is dedicated to controlling the closing of the heavy contaminant channel 5, with better sensitivity and fault tolerance than the control mode which relies on only a single detection unit 12 for time-delay control of the first electric flap 7.
Further, the buffer channel 1, the heavy detection channel 4, the light detection channel 8, the heavy pollutant channel 5 and the light pollutant channel 9 are all arranged obliquely downwards, wherein the heavy detection channel 4 and the heavy pollutant channel 5 keep the same oblique direction, the light detection channel 8 and the light pollutant channel 9 keep the same oblique direction so as to reduce the speed of garbage in the buffer channel and increase the interval between garbage individuals so as to detect pollutants.
Further, a trigger unit 21 for detecting the passing of the garbage is disposed in the buffer channel 1, the trigger unit 21 includes a laser sensor, the trigger unit 21 is in control connection with the controller, and may further include an ultrasonic sensor, etc. mainly used for identifying whether the garbage passes, and feeding back a signal to the controller when the garbage passes, so that the fan 202 and the detection unit 12 can enter a standby state when no garbage passes, and can be activated to enter a working mode only when the garbage passes.
Claims (10)
1. The vertical conveying and sorting device for the construction wastes is characterized by comprising a buffer channel (1), a sorting chamber (2), a heavy sorting channel and a light sorting channel;
The upper end of the buffer channel (1) is used for being communicated with the vertical garbage channel (3);
The upper end of the sorting chamber (2) is communicated with the lower end of the buffer channel (1), a wind separation opening (201) is formed in the side wall of the sorting chamber (2), and a fan (202) for conveying wind force towards the wind separation opening (201) is arranged in the sorting chamber (2);
The heavy sorting channel comprises a heavy detection channel (4), a heavy pollutant channel (5) and a heavy pollution-free channel (6);
The upper end of the heavy detection channel (4) is communicated with the lower end of the separation chamber (2), the lower end of the heavy detection channel (4) is communicated with the heavy pollutant channel (5) and the heavy pollution-free channel (6), the lower end of the heavy detection channel (4) is provided with a first electric turning plate (7), and the communication relation between the heavy pollutant channel (5) and the heavy pollution-free channel (6) is switched through the first electric turning plate (7);
the light sorting channel comprises a light detection channel (8), a light pollutant channel (9) and a light pollution-free channel (10);
The upper end of the light detection channel (8) is communicated with a winnowing port (201) of the separation chamber (2), the lower end of the light detection channel (8) is communicated with the light pollutant channel (9) and the light pollution-free channel (10), the lower end of the light detection channel (8) is provided with a second electric turning plate (11), and the communication relationship between the light pollutant channel (9) and the light pollution-free channel (10) is switched through the second electric turning plate (11);
Detection units (12) for identifying pollutants are arranged in the heavy detection channel (4) and the light detection channel (8), and the detection units (12) comprise spectrum sensors;
the detection unit (12), the first electric turning plate (7) and the second electric turning plate (11) are all in control connection with the controller.
2. The vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste according to claim 1, wherein the sorting chamber (2) is further internally provided with a magnetic attraction device (13), the magnetic attraction device (13) comprises a mounting frame (1301) and an electromagnet (1302), the mounting frame (1301) is fixed on the side wall of the sorting chamber (2), and the electromagnet (1302) is mounted on the mounting frame (1301) and is in control connection with the controller.
3. The vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste according to claim 2, wherein a gravity sensor (1303) is arranged between the mounting frame (1301) and the electromagnet (1302);
the lower end of the sorting chamber (2) is also communicated with a metal transportation channel (15), and a third electric turning plate (14) is arranged between the metal transportation channel (15) and the heavy quality detection channel (4);
The lower end of the sorting chamber (2) is switched to be communicated with the metal transportation channel (15) and the heavy quality detection channel (4) through a third electric turning plate (14);
The gravity sensor (1303) and the third electric turning plate (14) are connected with a controller in a control way.
4. The vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste is characterized in that the first, the second and the third electric turning plates comprise shaft seats, rotating shafts, turning plates and corner motors, the shaft seats are fixed between the heavy pollutant channel (5) and the heavy pollution-free channel (6), between the light pollutant channel (9) and the light pollution-free channel (10) and between the metal conveying channel (15) and the heavy detection channel (4), the turning plates are rotatably arranged on the shaft seats through the rotating shafts, the rotating shafts are in transmission connection with the rotating shafts of the corner motors, and the corner motors are in control connection with a controller.
5. The vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste according to claim 1, wherein a dust conveying channel (16) is further arranged between the air separation opening (201) and the light detection channel (8), the upper portion of the dust conveying channel (16) is horizontally communicated with the air separation opening (201), the lower portion of the dust conveying channel (16) vertically and downwards extends after being bent, a dust sorting screen (1601) allowing dust to pass through is obliquely arranged in the middle of the dust conveying channel (16), the upper end of the light detection channel (8) is communicated with the dust conveying channel (16), and the communication point is located at the lowest point of the dust sorting screen (1601).
6. The vertical conveying and sorting device for the construction waste, which is disclosed in claim 5, is characterized in that a particle size sorting channel (17) is communicated with the lower end of the heavy pollution-free channel (6), the particle size sorting channel (17) is arranged obliquely downwards, a plurality of particle size sorting openings are formed in the lower surface of the particle size sorting channel (17) at intervals along the oblique direction, the particle size sorting openings are respectively communicated with an independent particle size conveying channel (18), screening nets (19) are arranged on the particle size sorting openings, and the pore diameters of the screening nets (19) distributed from top to bottom are gradually increased.
7. A vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste according to claim 6, wherein the lower end of the dust conveying passage (16) is connected to a particle diameter conveying passage (18) having the smallest sorting particle diameter.
8. A vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the buffer channel (1), the heavy detection channel (4), the light detection channel (8), the heavy pollutant channel (5) and the light pollutant channel (9) are all arranged obliquely downwards, and the bottom of the buffer channel (1) is provided with a buffer pad (101).
9. The vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heavy pollutant channel (5) and the light pollutant channel (9) are internally provided with secondary detection units (20), the secondary detection units (20) comprise spectrum sensors, and the secondary detection units (20) are in control connection with a controller.
10. A vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that a triggering unit (21) for detecting the passage of the waste is arranged in the buffer channel (1), the triggering unit (21) comprises a laser sensor, and the triggering unit (21) is in control connection with a controller.
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| CN202411933499.1A CN119608583B (en) | 2024-12-26 | 2024-12-26 | Vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste |
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| CN202411933499.1A CN119608583B (en) | 2024-12-26 | 2024-12-26 | Vertical conveying and sorting device for construction waste |
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| CN119608583B (en) | 2025-12-12 |
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