CN119593354A - Slope protection and protection method for soft rock rockfill area downstream of stepped face dam - Google Patents
Slope protection and protection method for soft rock rockfill area downstream of stepped face dam Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/06—Earth-fill dams; Rock-fill dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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Abstract
本发明属于火力发电厂水利工程环境保护以及护坡加固技术领域，提出了一种阶梯式面板坝下游软岩堆石区的护坡及防护方法，包括沿预设上下游堆石区分界线至下游坝坡表面设置的第一水平排水体，沿预设上下游堆石区分界线至下游坝坡表面设置的第二水平排水体，以及沿预设上下游堆石区分界线至下游坝坡表面设置的第三水平排水体；所述上下游堆石区分界线为沿坡顶到坡底的倾斜线；在预设的高度位置处，分别设置第一水平排水体、第二水平排水体和第三水平排水体，三层水平排水体结构的设计，充分考虑了不同坝高范围内的渗透荷载和下游软岩筑坝料的渗透特性，可同时为上游库水渗漏和坝面入渗雨水提供多层次的通畅排水通道，有效保障了下游坝坡的整体稳定性。
The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and slope reinforcement of water conservancy projects in thermal power plants, and proposes a slope protection and protection method for a soft rock rockfill area downstream of a stepped panel dam, comprising a first horizontal drainage body arranged along a preset boundary line of upstream and downstream rockfill areas to the surface of a downstream dam slope, a second horizontal drainage body arranged along a preset boundary line of upstream and downstream rockfill areas to the surface of a downstream dam slope, and a third horizontal drainage body arranged along a preset boundary line of upstream and downstream rockfill areas to the surface of a downstream dam slope; the boundary line of the upstream and downstream rockfill areas is an inclined line from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope; the first horizontal drainage body, the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body are respectively arranged at preset height positions, and the design of the three-layer horizontal drainage body structure fully considers the seepage load within different dam height ranges and the seepage characteristics of downstream soft rock dam-building materials, and can simultaneously provide multi-level unobstructed drainage channels for upstream reservoir water leakage and dam surface infiltration rainwater, effectively ensuring the overall stability of the downstream dam slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering environment protection and slope protection reinforcement of thermal power plants, and particularly relates to a slope protection and protection method for a soft rock-fill area at the downstream of a stepped face plate dam.
Background
In the construction of a face rockfill dam engineering of a pumped storage power station, in order to effectively improve the utilization rate of excavated materials of a basin, soft rock materials with poor physical and mechanical properties are often used for filling construction of a dam body of a downstream rockfill area. Downstream rockfill areas filled with soft rock material typically have a lower permeability coefficient than main rockfill areas where construction parameters and mechanical strength indicators are more demanding. Meanwhile, under extreme weather conditions, strong rainfall in a short time can form strong slope runoff on the surface of the downstream dam slope, so that the surface of the dam is scoured and damaged, and local seepage damage in the dam is possibly caused by rainfall invasion, so that the overall stability and safety of the downstream dam slope are threatened. In addition, the downstream dam slope surface of the face rockfill dam usually adopts the forms such as dry masonry block stone slope protection, concrete grid beam slope protection and the like, and the traditional slope protection forms which take cement, mortar, stone, concrete and the like as main building materials can only meet the basic protection requirement of the dam slope, but can not achieve satisfactory effects in ecological functions, coordination with surrounding natural landscapes and the like.
At present, the horizontal drainage body is arranged on the dam body, so that the protection capability can be improved to a certain extent, but the protection capability is limited to the condition that the protection device stretches into the contact surface of the dam body and the dam foundation, and the protection device cannot meet the condition that soft rock materials with higher requirements on drainage are used for building the dam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a slope protection and protection method for a soft rock-fill area at the downstream of a stepped face plate dam, which comprises a first horizontal drainage body arranged from a preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the surface of a downstream dam slope, a second horizontal drainage body arranged from the preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the surface of the downstream dam slope, and a third horizontal drainage body arranged from the preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the surface of the downstream dam slope, wherein the first horizontal drainage body is used for draining the permeated water flow of the upstream reservoir water, the second horizontal drainage body is used for draining the permeated water flow of the upstream reservoir water and the permeated water of the dam slope, and the third horizontal drainage body is used for draining the permeated water of the slope.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a slope protection for a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam, which adopts the following technical scheme:
The slope protection of the downstream soft rock-fill area of the stepped face plate dam comprises a first horizontal drainage body arranged along a preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface, a second horizontal drainage body arranged along a preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface at a preset height from the first horizontal drainage body, and a third horizontal drainage body arranged along a preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface at a preset height from the second horizontal drainage body, wherein the upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line is an inclined line from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope;
the first horizontal drainage body is used for draining the seepage water flow of the upstream reservoir water, the second horizontal drainage body is used for draining the seepage water flow of the upstream reservoir water and the seepage rainwater of the dam slope, and the third horizontal drainage body is used for draining the seepage rainwater of the dam slope.
Further, the first horizontal drainage body is arranged at the end part of the outer part of the dam body and is provided with a dam foot drainage rib, and the first horizontal drainage body is connected with the dam foot drainage rib.
Further, the second horizontal drainage body is located at an end position outside the dam body, and the third horizontal drainage body is located at an end position outside the dam body, and is respectively provided with a transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch.
Further, a first drainage ditch and a downstream second longitudinal drainage ditch are respectively arranged on two sides of a downstream dam slope of the dam body, and two transverse reverse filtering drainage ditches connected with the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body are respectively connected with the downstream first longitudinal drainage ditches and the downstream second longitudinal drainage ditches.
Further, the permeability coefficient of the first horizontal drainage body, the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body is not lower than 1.0cm/s, and the filling materials of the first horizontal drainage body, the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body adopt hard rock pile stones with the grain diameter smaller than 5mm.
Further, the Marsal crushing rate in the construction process of the first horizontal drainage body, the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body is not higher than 10%, the Marsal crushing rate is equal to the sum of all positive values of percentage content differences of the grain size groups before rolling and after rolling, and the compaction thickness of the first horizontal drainage body, the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body is consistent with the upstream rock-fill construction thickness.
Further, the first horizontal drainage body, the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body comprise crushed stone drainage bodies and reverse filtering layers arranged on two sides of the crushed stone drainage bodies, the non-uniformity coefficient eta of the reverse filtering layers is less than 5-8, and the coefficients between two adjacent layers are required to be satisfied:
Wherein, D 40-60 is that the soil with the grain diameter smaller than the grain diameter of the reverse filtering layer accounts for 40-60% of the total soil weight, D 40-60 is that the soil with the grain diameter smaller than the grain diameter accounts for 40-60% of the total soil weight.
Further, the first horizontal drainage body, the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body are provided with slopes in the horizontal direction.
Further, geotextile is paved on the downstream dam slope surface, three-dimensional vegetation net is paved on the geotextile, the three-dimensional vegetation net and the downstream dam slope surface are fixed through U-shaped steel nails, the three-dimensional vegetation net is uniformly covered with nutrient soil, and herbal vegetation is planted on the nutrient soil.
In order to achieve the above purpose, in a second aspect, the present invention further provides a protection method for a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam, which adopts the following technical scheme:
A protection method for a soft rock-fill area at the downstream of a stepped face plate dam adopts the slope protection of the soft rock-fill area at the downstream of the stepped face plate dam in the first aspect, and comprises the steps of draining permeated water flow of upstream reservoir water through a first horizontal drainage body, draining permeated water flow of upstream reservoir water and permeable rainwater of a dam slope through a second horizontal drainage body, and draining permeable rainwater of the dam slope through a third horizontal drainage body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the invention, the first horizontal drainage body, the second horizontal drainage body and the third horizontal drainage body are respectively arranged at preset height positions, and the design of the three-layer horizontal drainage body structure fully considers the osmotic load in different dam height ranges and the osmotic characteristics of downstream soft rock dam building materials, so that a multi-layer smooth drainage channel can be provided for upstream reservoir water leakage and dam surface infiltration rainwater at the same time, and the overall stability of downstream dam slopes is effectively ensured. Specifically, the first horizontal drainage body is arranged from the preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface, the second horizontal drainage body is arranged from the preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface, and the third horizontal drainage body is arranged from the preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface, the first horizontal drainage body is used for draining the permeable water flow of the upstream reservoir water, the second horizontal drainage body is used for draining the permeable water flow of the upstream reservoir water and the permeable rainwater of the dam slope, the third horizontal drainage body is used for draining the permeable rainwater of the dam slope, the permeable characteristics and the damage characteristics of the permeable water flow of the upstream reservoir water and the permeable rainwater of the dam slope are fully considered, the construction cost is controlled on the basis of avoiding excessive number of the horizontal drainage bodies, and the three horizontal drainage bodies are all arranged from the preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface, and the overlong horizontal drainage effect is avoided.
2. On the basis of effectively guaranteeing the overall stability of a downstream dam slope, the invention comprehensively selects and designs the horizontal drainage body filling material, marsal crushing rate, compaction thickness, reverse filtering layer parameters, gradient and the like, and aims at the soft rock material damming material, thereby not only greatly improving the drainage performance in the dam, but also providing a practical scheme with practical engineering guiding significance starting from the multi-angle of permeability, construction conditions, particle crushing rate, soil filtering drainage function and the like, ensuring the overall stability of the downstream dam slope and better meeting the damming condition of the soft rock material.
3. The invention sets up the horizontal drainage body in the three-layer dam in the dam foundation and setting up the dam height of the multiple in advance from the dam foundation, link with the dam foot drainage edge body, slope surface horizontal reverse drainage ditch and left and right sides longitudinal drainage ditch separately, and construct the compound green ecological slope protection mainly based on three-dimensional vegetation net and herbaceous vegetation on the downstream dam slope surface, fully consider the infiltration load in different dam height ranges and infiltration characteristic of downstream soft rock building dam material, through setting up the horizontal drainage body of multilayer and presenting the corresponding technological parameter of design in the dam body, has promoted the internal drainage smoothness of the dam effectively, has guaranteed the overall stability of the downstream dam slope, through setting up slope surface drainage system that horizontal reverse drainage ditch and longitudinal drainage ditch and dam foot drainage edge body are constituteed on the dam slope surface, prevent the slope stability reduction because of the surface water effect that the rainfall forms, through constructing the compound green ecological slope protection on the downstream dam slope surface, not merely reduce the dam body seepage damage and slope protection and ecological slope protection and carry on the problem of the view organically and fuse.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and explain the embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a slope protection according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a slope protection plan view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal drainage body in a dam according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lateral inverted filter drain according to example 1 of the present invention;
The soil-working pile comprises a soil-working pile, an upstream rock-fill area, an upstream and downstream rock-fill area, a downstream dam slope, a geotextile, a U-shaped steel nail, a three-dimensional vegetation net, 8, nutrient soil, 9, herbal vegetation, 10, a transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch, 11, an intra-dam drainage body, 1101, a first horizontal drainage body, 1102, a second horizontal drainage body, 1103, a third horizontal drainage body, 12, a dam foot drainage prismatic body, 13, a downstream first longitudinal drainage ditch, 14, a downstream second longitudinal drainage ditch, 15, a reverse filtering layer, 16, a crushed stone drainage body, 17, cement mortar masonry stone and 18, and a cement mortar trowelling layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Example 1:
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a slope protection device for a soft rock-fill area at the downstream of a stepped face plate dam, so that the slope protection device solves the problems of slope erosion and dam seepage damage caused by rainfall on the slope of the soft rock-fill area at the downstream of the face plate dam on the premise of ensuring the overall stability and safety of the slope of the dam, and simultaneously can give consideration to the ecological environmental protection and landscape coordination functions of the slope protection engineering. The revetment comprises an upstream rock-fill area 1, an upstream and downstream rock-fill area boundary line 2, a downstream rock-fill area 3, a downstream dam slope 4, geotextiles 5, U-shaped steel nails 6, a three-dimensional vegetation net 7, nutrient soil 8, herbal vegetation 9, a transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch 10, an intra-dam drainage body 11, a dam-foot drainage prism 12, a downstream first longitudinal drainage ditch 13, a downstream second longitudinal drainage ditch 14 and the like. The in-dam drainage body 11 includes a first horizontal drainage body 1101, a second horizontal drainage body 1102, a third horizontal drainage body 1103, and the like. The dam foundation drainage rib 12 comprises a cement mortar block Mao Dantou and a cement mortar finishing layer 18.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the gradient of the downstream dam slope 4 is 1:m, the gradient of the upstream-downstream rock-fill dividing line 2 is 1:n, and the height of the dam is H. Inside the downstream dam, a first horizontal drainage body 1101 is arranged along the upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line 2 to the downstream dam slope surface at the position of the dam foundation, and is connected with a dam foot drainage prism 12 arranged at the dam foot to mainly provide a drainage channel for the permeated water flow of the upstream reservoir water. A second horizontal drainage body 1102 is provided at a height of 0.3H above the first horizontal drainage body 1101 from the upstream and downstream rockfill differentiation boundary 2 to the downstream dam slope surface, with its outlet connected to the lateral reverse-filtering drainage ditch 10, while providing drainage channels for upstream reservoir water infiltration flows and dam slope infiltration rainwater. A third horizontal drainage body 1103 is arranged at a height of 0.3H from the upper and lower rockfill area dividing line 2 to the surface of the downstream dam slope, and the outlet of the third horizontal drainage body 1103 is also connected with a transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch 10, and the third horizontal drainage body mainly provides a drainage channel for the infiltration rainwater of the dam slope, can cut off the vertical downward infiltration channel of the infiltration rainwater in the dam at the first time, and reduces the rainwater infiltration quantity below the dam as much as possible.
As shown in fig. 2, two lateral inverted drains 10 are connected to a downstream first longitudinal drain 13 and a downstream second longitudinal drain 14 disposed along the dam site on both sides.
According to the prior art, the drainage modes of the earth-rock dam body mainly comprise prismatic drainage, vertical drainage, slope-attached drainage, mattress drainage and tubular drainage, wherein the mattress drainage is also horizontally arranged, but is limited to the condition of building a dam by soft rock materials which extend into the contact surface of the dam body and the dam foundation and cannot meet the high requirement on drainage. Based on this, in this embodiment, at the preset height position, the first horizontal drainage body 1101, the second horizontal drainage body 1102 and the third horizontal drainage body 1103 are respectively set, and the design of the three-layer horizontal drainage body structure fully considers the penetration load in different dam height ranges and the penetration characteristics of the downstream soft rock dam, so that a multi-level smooth drainage channel can be provided for the upstream reservoir water leakage and the dam surface infiltration rainwater at the same time, and the overall stability of the downstream dam slope is effectively ensured.
In this embodiment, when designing the first horizontal drainage body 1101, the second horizontal drainage body 1102, and the third horizontal drainage body 1103, the following requirements are satisfied:
good drainage performance, the first horizontal drainage body 1101, the second horizontal drainage body 1102, and the third horizontal drainage body 1103 have a permeability coefficient of not less than 1.0cm/s. The filling material of the horizontal drainage body is prepared from hard rock piled stones, and fine particles with the particle size smaller than 5mm are screened out.
The first horizontal displacement body 1101, the second horizontal displacement body 1102 and the third horizontal displacement body 1103 have a Marsal% failure rate of not more than 10% during construction. The compressive strength of the parent rock is required to be not lower than 50MPa, the percentage difference DeltaW i of the i-th group particle size group before and after rolling is determined according to the grading of the screen before and after rolling in the construction process, the sum of all positive values is taken, and the crushing rate B g of Marsal is calculated:
Bg＝∑ΔWi,ΔWi＝Wi Before rolling -Wi After rolling ;
wherein W i Before rolling 、Wi After rolling is the percentage of the i groups of particle size of the drainage body before and after rolling.
The construction conditions suitable for the dam rockfill filling thickness is generally 0.8m according to relevant specification, so that the compaction thickness of the horizontal drainage body is required to be consistent with the upstream rockfill filling construction thickness, the construction difficulty is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to prevent soil particle loss in the drainage body and maintain the impermeability of fine particles stable, the first horizontal drainage body 1101, the second horizontal drainage body 1102 and the third horizontal drainage body 1103 each comprise a crushed stone drainage body 16 and a reverse filtering layer 15 arranged on two sides of the crushed stone drainage body 16, and optionally, reverse filtering layers 15 with the thickness of 0.2m are respectively arranged above and below the crushed stone drainage body 16, and sand materials with the particle size range of 5 mm-10 mm are selected and paved from inside to outside according to the sequence from fine to coarse. The non-uniformity coefficient eta of the drainage body side reverse filter layer 15 is less than 5-8, and the coefficients between two adjacent layers should be as follows:
Wherein, D 40-60 is that the soil with the grain diameter smaller than that of the counter filter layer 15 accounts for 40-60% of the total soil weight, D 40-60 is that the soil with the grain diameter smaller than that of the protected soil accounts for 40-60% of the total soil weight.
The first horizontal drainage body 1101, the second horizontal drainage body 1102 and the third horizontal drainage body 1103 form a certain gradient in the horizontal direction, and in order to ensure that the water in the dam is smoothly discharged, the horizontal drainage bodies need to be made into a gradient of 0.5% -1% downstream so as to be discharged.
For the soft rock material damming material, the multi-layer structural design and the design of each specific technology of the first horizontal drainage body 1101, the second horizontal drainage body 1102 and the third horizontal drainage body 1103 not only greatly improve the drainage performance of the conventional earth-rock dam single-layer mattress drainage in the dam, but also provide specific technical parameters and indexes which can be implemented and have practical engineering guiding significance from the aspects of permeability, construction conditions, particle breaking rate, soil filtering drainage function and the like, and fill the technical blank of the earth-rock dam in the design of the dam drainage body.
Geotextile 5 is laid on the surface of the downstream dam slope 4 in advance, a three-dimensional vegetation net 7 is laid on the geotextile 5 and fixed by U-shaped steel nails 6, nutrition soil 8 is evenly covered on the three-dimensional vegetation net 7, hydraulic spraying of grass seeds is carried out, and a green ecological slope protection consisting of the three-dimensional vegetation net 7 and herbal vegetation 9 is constructed.
The gradient of the downstream dam slope 4 is 1:m, the value of m is required to meet the stability requirement of the related design specification on the downstream slope, the preferable range is 1.5-2.0, and the downstream dam slope can be properly adjusted according to the actual shear strength parameters of the dam material.
The gradient of the upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line 2 is 1:n, n is required to meet the requirement of the regional deformation coordination of the face rockfill dam, and optionally, when the compression modulus of the downstream soft rock-fill region is not less than 50MPa, the n value is not lower than 0.6.
The dam foot drainage prism 12 is arranged at the dam foot, adopts broken stone and block stone to pile into a compact prism, has the height not lower than 5m, and the top Gao Chengying exceeds the highest water level at the downstream, and has the main functions of reducing the infiltration line of the dam body, preventing the soft rock material at the dam slope from being damaged by infiltration, protecting the downstream dam foot from being washed by tail water, and supporting the downstream dam slope to increase the stability.
The transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch 10 is arranged on a downstream slope along a horizontal direction parallel to the dam axis, the section of the transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch is of an inverted trapezoid structure, the bottom elevation adopts gradual change design, namely, the position of the maximum section of the dam body is taken as a dividing line, the transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch is inclined to the left bank and the right bank respectively with 5% of gradient, and the transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch is connected with a downstream first longitudinal drainage ditch 13 and a downstream second longitudinal drainage ditch 14 which are arranged on the two banks so as to keep water flow in the ditch smooth.
The downstream first longitudinal drainage ditch 13 and the downstream second longitudinal drainage ditch 14 are respectively arranged at the joint of the dam body and the dam bases of the two banks and are used for receiving slope water flows and seepage flows in the dam collected by the horizontally arranged transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch 10 and guiding the water to downstream dam feet.
Optionally, the geotextile 5 is a nonwoven material using polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc. as raw materials, and has a certain strength and flexibility, and also has a certain air permeability and water resistance. The soft rock filling material is paved on the surface of the downstream dam slope 4 of the soft rock material, and can play a role in blocking a slope water inflow and seepage channel and isolating fine particles of the soft rock filling material to prevent slope flushing.
Optionally, the three-dimensional vegetation net 7 is a three-dimensional network-shaped geosynthetic material for grass planting and soil fixing, has the characteristics of water resistance, corrosion resistance, aging resistance and hydrolysis resistance, and the netlike gaps can be filled with soil, gravel and fine stones, so that plant roots can pass through and grow uniformly. Before the turf grows, the three-dimensional vegetation net can protect the slope from being corroded by wind and rain, and after the turf grows, a firm green composite mechanical interlocking system is formed with the net pad and soil, so that the functions of draining, soil fixing and slope protection are achieved. There are various products and models available in the market.
Optionally, the U-shaped steel nail 6 is an anchoring device formed by bending steel bars with diameters of 6-8 mm into a U shape, and the anchoring device has the function of tightly connecting a three-dimensional vegetation net and geotextile with a dam slope soil body to prevent the protective layer from loosening or sliding.
Optionally, the nutrient soil 8 is a nutrient-rich soil composed of organic matters, has a compact structure and good water-retaining property and fertilizer-retaining property, and can provide continuous and stable nutrient supply for plants.
According to the method, the drainage smoothness of the interior of the dam is improved by arranging the layers of horizontal drainage bodies in the downstream rockfill area from bottom to top, damage of infiltration rainwater and reservoir water seepage to the dam is reduced, overall stability of the downstream dam slope is guaranteed, a geotextile 5 and a three-dimensional vegetation net 7 are paved on the surface of the downstream dam slope 4, seepage channels of rainfall into the dam are effectively blocked, risk of dam seepage damage caused by rainwater infiltration is reduced, slope surface water formed by rainfall is effectively eliminated by arranging the transverse reverse filtering drainage ditch 10 on the slope surface of each layer of drainage body outlet, slope stability reduction caused by the action of the surface water is prevented, slope runoff strength formed by rainfall is effectively reduced by planting vegetation 9 which has obvious soil fixing function and is easy to maintain in the covering soil of the three-dimensional vegetation net 7, erosion damage of the slope is prevented, and green vegetation is used for replacing single masonry or concrete protection surface, positive significance is achieved for both landscape effect and ecological environment, and organic and harmonious and natural construction of the dam is realized.
Example 2:
The embodiment provides a protection method for a soft rock-fill area at the downstream of a stepped face plate dam, which adopts the protection method for the soft rock-fill area at the downstream of the stepped face plate dam as described in the embodiment 1, and comprises the steps of draining the permeated water flow of the upstream reservoir water through the first horizontal drainage body 1101, draining the permeated water flow of the upstream reservoir water and the permeated rainwater of the dam slope through the second horizontal drainage body 1102, and draining the permeated rainwater of the dam slope through the third horizontal drainage body 1103.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, and is not intended to limit the present embodiment, and various modifications and variations can be made to the present embodiment by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present embodiment should be included in the protection scope of the present embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. The slope protection device for the soft rock-fill area at the downstream of the stepped face plate dam is characterized by comprising a first horizontal drainage body arranged along a preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface, a second horizontal drainage body arranged along the preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface at a preset height from the first horizontal drainage body, and a third horizontal drainage body arranged along the preset upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line to the downstream dam slope surface at a preset height from the second horizontal drainage body, wherein the upstream and downstream rock-fill dividing line is an inclined line from a slope top to a slope bottom along the slope top;
the first horizontal drainage body is used for draining the seepage water flow of the upstream reservoir water, the second horizontal drainage body is used for draining the seepage water flow of the upstream reservoir water and the seepage rainwater of the dam slope, and the third horizontal drainage body is used for draining the seepage rainwater of the dam slope.
2. The slope protection of a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam of claim 1, wherein said first horizontal drainage member is positioned at an end portion of the exterior of the dam and is provided with a dam foot drainage rib, said first horizontal drainage member being coupled to said dam foot drainage rib.
3. The slope protection of a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam of claim 1, wherein said second horizontal drainage body is positioned at an end location outside the dam body and said third horizontal drainage body is positioned at an end location outside the dam body, respectively, with lateral reverse filtering drainage channels.
4. The slope protection of a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam of claim 3, wherein a first drainage channel and a downstream second longitudinal drainage channel are disposed on each side of the downstream slope of the dam, and wherein two lateral reverse-filtering drainage channels connected to the second horizontal drainage channel and the third horizontal drainage channel are connected to the downstream first longitudinal drainage channel and the downstream second longitudinal drainage channel, respectively.
5. The slope protection of a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam of claim 1, wherein said first, second and third horizontal drainage bodies have permeability coefficients not less than 1.0cm/s, and wherein said first, second and third horizontal drainage bodies are filled with hard rock-fill material having fine particles of less than 5mm size removed.
6. The slope protection of a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam of claim 5, wherein said first, second and third horizontal drainage bodies have a rate of Marsal crush of no more than 10% during construction, wherein Marsal crush is equal to the sum of all positive values of the percentage differences between the size fractions before and after rolling, and wherein said first, second and third horizontal drainage bodies have a compacted thickness consistent with the upstream rock-fill construction thickness.
7. The slope protection device of a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first, second and third horizontal drainage bodies comprise crushed stone drainage bodies and filtering layers arranged on both sides of the crushed stone drainage bodies, the non-uniformity coefficient eta of the filtering layers is less than 5-8, and the coefficients between two adjacent layers are as follows:
Wherein, D 40-60 is that the soil with the grain diameter smaller than the grain diameter of the reverse filtering layer accounts for 40-60% of the total soil weight, D 40-60 is that the soil with the grain diameter smaller than the grain diameter accounts for 40-60% of the total soil weight.
8. The slope protection of a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face dam of claim 7, wherein said first horizontal drainage member, said second horizontal drainage member and said third horizontal drainage member are sloped in a horizontal direction.
9. The slope protection of a soft rock-fill area downstream of a stepped face slab dam of claim 1, wherein geotextiles are laid on the downstream dam slope surface, three-dimensional vegetation nets are laid on the geotextiles, the three-dimensional vegetation nets and the downstream dam slope surface are fixed by means of U-shaped steel nails, the three-dimensional vegetation nets are uniformly covered with nutrient soil, and herbal vegetation is planted on the nutrient soil.
10. The protection method for the soft rock-fill area at the downstream of the stepped face plate dam is characterized by adopting the slope protection of the soft rock-fill area at the downstream of the stepped face plate dam according to any one of claims 1-9, and comprises the steps of draining the permeated water flow of the upstream reservoir water through the first horizontal drainage body, draining the permeated water flow of the upstream reservoir water and the permeated rainwater of the dam slope through the second horizontal drainage body, and draining the permeated rainwater of the dam slope through the third horizontal drainage body.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN120537232A (en) * | 2025-07-29 | 2025-08-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Standardized concrete face rockfill dam structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN120537232A (en) * | 2025-07-29 | 2025-08-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Standardized concrete face rockfill dam structure |
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