Background
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is widely applied to industries such as chemical industry, petroleum, refrigeration, nuclear energy, power and the like, and because of the worldwide energy crisis, in order to reduce energy consumption, the demand for the heat exchanger in industrial production is also increasing, and the quality requirement for the heat exchanger is also increasing. In recent decades, although compact heat exchangers (plate-type, plate-fin-type, pressure-welded plate-type heat exchangers, etc.), heat pipe-type heat exchangers, direct contact heat exchangers, etc. have been rapidly developed, shell-and-tube heat exchangers still occupy the dominant position of yield and usage due to high reliability and wide adaptability, and the usage of the shell-and-tube heat exchangers in the current industrial devices still accounts for about 70% of the usage of all heat exchangers according to relevant statistics.
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is still the mainstream type of heat exchange equipment due to its simple structure and high bearing pressure. The common arched baffle plate type has the defects of simple processing and manufacturing, large flow dead area, large flow resistance, large support span of the tube bundle at the notch, easy induced vibration damage and the like, so that the spiral baffle plate is one of a plurality of new tube bundle support schemes for accelerating the generation. The theoretical spiral baffle is a curved surface and is difficult to manufacture, and at present, 1/4 elliptical/fan-shaped spiral baffle improvement schemes exist, each layer of baffle consists of 4 1/4 elliptical/fan-shaped baffles, and the end-to-end connection can form a shell side spiral channel. Because of the large number of tube bundles used in shell and tube heat exchangers, which are most compact and in a regular triangle arrangement, this presents great difficulty in locating the score lines of the inclined tube holes on a 1/4 oval/sector baffle, which affects the widespread use of this type of baffle.
The traditional shell channel is formed by sector-shaped baffle plates, the axes of each sector-shaped baffle plate and the shell are in a certain angle, the sector-shaped baffle plates are sequentially in butt joint arrangement from the front of the shell to the back of the shell, a Z-shaped space is formed between the two adjacent quadrant-shaped baffle plates, a certain gap (2-3 mm) is formed between the baffle plates and the shell, the baffle plates of the structure often cause a short circuit diversion phenomenon of flowing media at the boundary between the inner wall of the shell and the baffle plates, the short circuit diversion reduces the flow of spiral channel media, weakens heat exchange, and also causes local flushing of the baffle plates by shell side fluid, so that the metal baffle plates rust for a long time to influence water quality.
However, the conventional baffle heat exchanger has some disadvantages such as high flow resistance, large flow dead zone, low heat transfer efficiency, etc. Therefore, under the new energy-saving and emission-reducing situation, the development of the energy-saving and emission-reducing type solar energy power generation system is greatly limited. Therefore, aiming at the defects, a baffle plate and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with simple structure and mature process are developed, so that the heat exchange area and the heat exchange efficiency can be effectively improved, and the method has very important significance for industrial production, energy conservation and emission reduction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a novel layout of baffle plates, which can improve the heat convection coefficient of the shell side of the heat exchanger, thereby effectively improving the heat transfer efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with rotary baffles comprises a shell, heat exchange tubes, shell side inlet connection tubes and shell side outlet connection tubes, wherein the shell side inlet connection tubes and the shell side outlet connection tubes are respectively positioned at two ends of the heat exchanger, the heat exchange tubes are arranged in the shell, and the heat exchange tubes are fixedly connected to tube plates.
Preferably, the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate which are symmetrically arranged have opposite rotation angles, and the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate which are symmetrically arranged have opposite rotation angles.
Preferably, the upper and lower baffles rotate around the respective baffle centerlines by an angle that is smaller and then larger, and the left and right baffles rotate around the respective baffle centerlines by an angle that is larger and then smaller, along the flow direction of the fluid.
Preferably, the rotation angle of the upper and lower baffles is the smallest and the rotation angle of the left and right baffles is the largest at the middle position of the tube shell in the length direction, and the rotation angle of the upper and lower baffles is the largest and the rotation angle of the left and right baffles is the smallest at the two ends of the tube shell in the length direction.
Preferably, the upper and lower baffles are maintained in a vertical arrangement at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the envelope, with a rotation angle of 0, i.e. no rotation.
Preferably, the rotation angle of the left and right baffles is 20-35 °. At the two ends of the tube shell in the length direction, the rotation angle of the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate is 20-35 degrees, and the rotation angle of the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate is 0, namely the tube shell does not rotate, and the tube shell is kept vertically arranged.
Preferably, a plurality of fan-shaped baffle plate groups are arranged in the tube shell, each baffle plate group comprises an upper baffle plate, a lower baffle plate and a left baffle plate, wherein the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate are arranged in the up-down direction, the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate are arranged in the left-right direction, the upper baffle plate, the lower baffle plate and the left baffle plate are separated by a certain distance, each upper baffle plate and each lower baffle plate comprises two fan-shaped baffle plates which are arranged up and down symmetrically along the center line of the tube shell, and each left baffle plate and each right baffle plate comprise fan-shaped baffle plates which are arranged left and right symmetrically along the center line of the tube shell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The invention can lead the fluid to form a spiral baffle-like effect by rotating for a certain angle, and improves the heat exchange coefficient.
2) The invention changes the area of the upper and lower baffle plates and the inclination angle of the left and right baffle plates along the flow direction of the fluid. Through the arrangement, the heat exchange is enhanced by the heat exchange pipes with the fluid center at the left side and the right side of the shell, then the heat exchange is enhanced by the heat exchange pipes at the upper and lower positions of the inlets and outlets of the front and rear shells, and the heat exchange at different positions is enhanced according to the different positions, so that the single heat exchange mode in the past is changed, the heat exchange efficiency at different positions is enhanced, the overall heat exchange is uniform, and the aim of enhancing heat transfer is further achieved.
2) The heat exchange area of tube side fluid and shell side fluid in the baffle plate is changed through the change of the interval of the baffle plate, so that the non-uniformity of heat exchange quantity is compensated through the change of the area, and the heat exchange efficiency is further improved.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings.
Herein, "/" refers to division, "×", "x" refers to multiplication, unless otherwise specified.
A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is arranged in the horizontal direction as shown in figure 1, and comprises a shell 1, a heat exchange tube 8, a shell side inlet connecting tube 2 and a shell side outlet connecting tube 3, wherein the shell side inlet connecting tube 2 and the shell side outlet connecting tube 3 are respectively positioned on the left side of the upper end of the shell 1 and the right side of the lower end of the shell 1, the heat exchange tube 8 is arranged in the shell 1 and fixedly connected with a left tube plate and a right tube plate, the front end of the left tube plate is connected with a left collecting box 4, the rear end of the right tube plate is connected with a right collecting box 5, a tube side outlet tube 10 is arranged on the left collecting box 4, a tube side inlet tube 9 is arranged on the right collecting box 5, the shell side inlet connecting tube 2 and the shell side outlet connecting tube 3 are respectively arranged on the shell 1, and gas enters from the shell side inlet connecting tube 2 and passes through the heat exchange tube to exchange heat and exits from the shell side outlet connecting tube 3.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of fan-shaped baffle groups 6 are arranged in the tube shell, each fan-shaped baffle group comprises an upper baffle plate 61, a lower baffle plate 61 and a left baffle plate 62, wherein the upper baffle plate 61 and the lower baffle plate 61 are arranged in the up-down direction, the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate 62 are arranged in the left-right direction, a certain distance is reserved between the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate 61, the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate comprise two fan-shaped baffle plates 61 which are arranged in an up-down symmetrical mode along the center line of the tube shell, and the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate comprise fan-shaped baffle plates 62 which are arranged in a left-right symmetrical mode along the center line of the tube shell.
As an improvement, the top points (circle centers) of the upper baffle plate, the lower baffle plate and the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate are positioned on the central line of the tube shell, namely the line formed by the central points of the cross sections.
Normally the baffles are arranged in a vertical direction. As an improvement, the upper and lower baffles and the left and right baffles are rotated around the respective baffle center lines by a certain angle, i.e. the baffles are inclined by a certain angle from the vertical plane. The center line of the baffle plate is the connecting line of the vertex (center) of the fan shape and the arc line midpoint of the fan shape. By rotating a certain angle, the fluid can form a spiral baffle-like effect, and the heat exchange coefficient is improved.
As an improvement, the rotation angles of the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate which are symmetrically arranged are opposite, and the rotation angles of the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate which are symmetrically arranged are opposite. For example, when the upper baffle rotates clockwise as viewed from above, the lower baffle rotates counterclockwise. Or the left baffle rotates clockwise when viewed horizontally, and the right baffle rotates counterclockwise.
As an improvement, along the flow direction of the fluid, the angles at which the upper and lower baffles rotate around the respective baffle centerlines are smaller and then larger, and the angles at which the left and right baffles rotate around the respective baffle centerlines are larger and then smaller. Through the arrangement, the heat exchange is enhanced by the heat exchange pipes with the fluid center at the left side and the right side of the shell, then the heat exchange is enhanced by the heat exchange pipes at the upper and lower positions of the inlets and outlets of the front and rear shells, and the heat exchange at different positions is enhanced according to the different positions, so that the single heat exchange mode in the past is changed, the heat exchange efficiency at different positions is enhanced, the overall heat exchange is uniform, and the aim of enhancing heat transfer is further achieved.
As an improvement, the rotation angle of the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate is minimum and the rotation angle of the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate is maximum at the middle position of the tube shell in the length direction. At the two ends of the tube shell in the length direction, the rotation angle of the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate is the largest, and the rotation angle of the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate is the smallest.
As an improvement, at the middle position of the tube shell in the length direction, the rotation angle of the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate is 0, i.e. not rotated, and remain in a vertical setting. The rotation angle of the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate is 20-35 degrees. At the two ends of the tube shell in the length direction, the rotation angle of the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate is 20-35 degrees, and the rotation angle of the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate is 0, namely the tube shell does not rotate, and the tube shell is kept vertically arranged.
Through the arrangement, the heat exchange quantity can be optimized, and the heat exchange coefficient is further improved.
As an improvement, along the flow direction of the fluid in the shell side, the area ratio of the upper baffle plate to the lower baffle plate to the area ratio of the left baffle plate to the right baffle plate in the baffle plate group is gradually increased firstly, and then gradually decreased after reaching a certain position.
In the research process, the baffle plate of the traditional heat exchanger is found to have uneven heat exchange on the cross section in the flow direction, and the heat exchange effect of the left side and the right side of the inlet and the outlet is good, and the heat exchange effect of the middle upper and lower positions is good. According to the invention, the area ratio of the upper baffle plate to the lower baffle plate to the area ratio of the left baffle plate to the right baffle plate in the baffle plate group is gradually increased and then gradually reduced, so that the fluid in the shell pass is gradually and more concentrated towards the left side and the right side in the middle part, the heat exchange of the heat exchange tubes of the fluid center on the left side and the right side of the shell is enhanced, then the heat exchange of the heat exchange tubes of the upper and lower positions of the inlet and the outlet of the shell at the front end and the rear end is enhanced, the heat exchange at different positions is enhanced according to different positions, the single heat exchange mode in the past is changed, the heat exchange efficiency at different positions is enhanced, the heat exchange is uniform on the whole, and the purpose of enhancing the heat transfer is further achieved.
The above-mentioned area is an area projected onto the cross section of the housing or an area projected onto a vertical plane.
Preferably, the ratio of the area of the upper and lower baffles to the area of the left and right baffles is maximized at the center of the flow direction of the fluid in the housing.
As a modification, the upper and lower baffles 61 and the left and right baffles 62 are spaced apart by a distance of 0.6 to 0.9 times, preferably 0.8 times, the pipe diameter of the pipe case.
As an improvement, the certain position is the middle position of the tube shell.
As an improvement, the ratio of the area of the upper and lower baffles to the area of the left and right baffles is gradually increased along the flow direction of the fluid in the shell side. Through the change of the amplitude, the heat exchange is further uniform on the whole, and the aim of enhancing the heat transfer is further achieved.
As an improvement, the area ratio of the upper and lower baffles to the left and right baffles gradually decreases in the flow direction of the fluid in the shell side. Through the change of the amplitude, the heat exchange is further uniform on the whole, and the aim of enhancing the heat transfer is further achieved.
As an improvement, the sum of fan-shaped included angles of the baffle plate groups is 170-190 degrees. I.e. the sum of the angles of the four sector baffles in fig. 2 is 170-190.
As an improvement, the sum of fan-shaped included angles of the baffle plate groups is 180 degrees.
As an improvement, the area ratio of the upper baffle plate to the lower baffle plate to the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate is 0.9-1.2.
Through the optimal design of the parameters, the heat exchange efficiency can reach the optimal effect.
As an improvement, the shell side and the tube side are counter-current flow, and the interval between baffle groups is continuously increased from the tube side inlet to the tube side middle position along the flow direction of the fluid in the tube side. Then, the interval between baffle plate groups is continuously reduced from the middle position of the tube side to the outlet of the tube side. Because the heat exchange amount of the shell side and the tube side per unit length of the fluid flowing process is relatively uniform in the countercurrent process, the overall heat exchange effect is the best. However, experiments and simulations show that the heat exchange quantity in the middle part is obviously larger than that of the inlet and the outlet of the tube side, so that the heat exchange area of the tube side fluid and the shell side fluid in the baffle plate is changed through the change of the interval of the baffle plate, and the non-uniformity of the heat exchange quantity is compensated through the change of the area, so that the heat exchange efficiency is further improved.
As an improvement, the distance between baffle groups is increased continuously from the tube side inlet to the tube side middle position along the flow direction of the fluid in the tube side. Then from the tube side middle position to the tube side outlet, the interval between baffle plate groups is continuously reduced. The change of the amplitude can enable the heat exchange quantity of the whole fluid motion per unit length to be more uniform, and the heat exchange efficiency is further improved.
As an improvement, the heat exchanger is a water cooling device for injection, the water for injection is arranged in a tube side, the cold water is arranged in a shell side, and the water for injection is cooled by the cold water.
As an improvement, the heat source is arranged in the shell side, and the cold source is arranged in the tube side.
As an improvement, the heat exchanger further comprises a control system controlling the flow rate of the heat source into the shell side of the heat exchanger according to the outlet temperature of the tube side.
The control system comprises a temperature sensor 13, a flow controller 14 and a central controller 12, wherein the flow controller controls the flow rate of a heat source entering the heat exchanger, the temperature sensor is used for measuring the outlet temperature of a tube side cold source, the flow controller is fully opened when the temperature of the cold source is lower than a first temperature, the central controller controls the flow controller to reach the first flow rate when the temperature of the cold source reaches the first temperature, the first flow rate is lower than the fully opened flow rate, the central controller controls the flow rate to reach the second flow rate lower than the first flow rate when the temperature of the cold source reaches a second temperature higher than the first temperature, the central controller controls the flow controller to reach the third flow rate lower than the second flow rate when the temperature of the cold source reaches a fourth temperature higher than the third temperature, the central controller controls the flow controller to reach the fourth flow rate lower than the third flow rate when the temperature of the cold source reaches a fifth temperature higher than the fourth temperature, and the central controller controls the flow controller to stop water from entering the heat exchanger when the cold source reaches the second temperature higher than the first temperature.
The fifth temperature is a temperature exceeding the upper limit of the predetermined data, and the first temperature is a temperature lower than the lower limit of the predetermined data. Through the arrangement, the heat exchange quantity of the heat exchanger can be controlled according to the temperature, so that the effect of saving a heat source is achieved.
As an improvement, the control system can be a single chip microcomputer, a control panel can be arranged, and the control panel is arranged at the upper part or the lower part of the heat exchanger and can also be arranged on a pipeline entering the heat exchanger.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, the invention is not so limited. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.