CN119256874A - A method for restoring plant productivity in semi-arid areas - Google Patents

A method for restoring plant productivity in semi-arid areas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN119256874A
CN119256874A CN202411553366.1A CN202411553366A CN119256874A CN 119256874 A CN119256874 A CN 119256874A CN 202411553366 A CN202411553366 A CN 202411553366A CN 119256874 A CN119256874 A CN 119256874A
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vegetation
restoration
plants
semi
arid
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Inventor
秦雷
邹元春
姜明
吕宪国
程俊晖
刘容君
李广胤
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Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
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Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A plant productivity restoration method for a arid region relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and aims to solve the problem that the plant productivity restoration effect is poor due to uneven precipitation in the existing arid region. The method comprises the steps of firstly selecting a vegetation degradation land in a arid region as a target restoration sample land, investigating vegetation, secondly dividing the target restoration sample land into a plurality of independent restoration units, digging a diving pool in each independent restoration unit to form concave terrains, thirdly dividing the vegetation investigation result into a arid vegetation zone, a wet vegetation zone and an emergent vegetation zone according to the equal width of a gradient from top to bottom by taking a vegetation investigation result as a reference for vegetation configuration, fourthly transplanting dominant vegetation, and supplementing a water source according to a proper growth water level of configured plants. The invention combines the micro-relief reconstruction with the vegetation configuration, the micro-relief reconstruction creates a compound habitat, different plant growth requirements are met, after the plant is colonized, the plant can be propagated through seeds and rhizomes, the micro-relief reconstruction is beneficial to the interception of seeds, the seed warehouse is compensated, and the plant productivity recovery is promoted.

Description

Plant productivity recovery method for arid region
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a method for restoring plant productivity in a arid region.
Background
Stability of plant productivity is the basis for maintaining functions of the terrestrial ecosystem. Due to the fact that the precipitation amount of the semiarid region is small, the season distribution is uneven, drought events frequently occur, and the ecological system is fragile. At the same time, human activity interferes with and destroys the natural environment (e.g., grazing), resulting in regional plant degradation and dramatic decline in productivity. Taking western part of Pink plain as an example, at the end of 50 th century, the aquatic plants are plump and beautiful, the vegetation is thick, more than 80% of the area of the whole area is grasslands and wetlands, the salinization is mainly light saline alkali, and the area is only 108 ten thousand hectares. By 2000, grazing and human activity effects, the western salinized area of the piny plain reached 257 ten thousand hectares, serious plant degradation and serious productivity loss.
Plant productivity restoration in arid regions is becoming increasingly interesting. At present, plant productivity restoration approaches in arid regions mainly comprise means such as seed source supply, plant propagule transplanting and the like. The seed source supplying method is simple to operate, the germination rate of seeds in soil in a semiarid region is low, the plant recovering effect of the plant propagule transplanting method is higher than that of the seed source supplying method, precipitation in the semiarid region is unevenly distributed and frequent drought time is caused, precipitation is not matched with plant growth requirements, the recovering effect is poor, and the cooperative improvement of production capacity and diversity is difficult to realize. Therefore, there is a need to optimize plant productivity restoration methods for arid region climatic features, improving their stability and environmental adaptation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a plant productivity restoration method in a arid region, which aims to solve the problem that the plant productivity restoration effect is poor due to uneven precipitation in the existing arid region.
The invention relates to a method for recovering plant productivity in a semiarid region, which comprises the following steps:
Selecting a vegetation degradation land in a arid region as a target restoration sample land, and carrying out vegetation investigation on the target restoration sample land in summer to investigate dominant vegetation and a suitable habitat thereof;
Dividing the target recovery pattern into a plurality of independent repair units in the next 3 months, and digging a diving pool in each independent repair unit to form concave terrains, wherein the specific parameters are that the center depth of the concave terrains is 0.9-1.1 m, the gentle slope is 3-5 degrees and extends to the periphery, and ditches with the depth of 30-50cm are dug in the shallow pool at intervals of 1m to construct a gully network;
Dividing the vegetation survey result of the first step into a drought vegetation zone, a wet vegetation zone and an emergent vegetation zone with equal width from top to bottom according to the gradient by taking the vegetation survey result of the first step as a reference for vegetation configuration;
Transplanting the dominant vegetation in the middle of 5 th year, and supplementing water source in 6-8 months according to the proper growth water level of the configured plants.
Further, in the step one, the vegetation coverage of the vegetation degradation land in the arid region is less than 20%.
Further, the panel in step one includes emergent aquatic plants, wet plants and drought plants.
Furthermore, the investigation method in the first step adopts a sampling line method, each sampling line is 20 meters, 5 equidistant 1m multiplied by 1m sampling formulas are arranged, and dominant vegetation is determined according to the investigation result of the sampling formulas.
Further, the area of each independent repair unit in the second step is 500-600m 2.
Further, the density of emergent aquatic plants in the step three is 5-10 plants/m 2, the density of wet plants is 20-30 plants/m 2, and the density of drought plants is 30-50 plants/m 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The method fully considers the climate characteristics of the semiarid region, integrates micro-relief transformation with vegetation configuration, establishes a composite habitat, meets the growth requirements of different plants, can reproduce the plants through seeds and rhizomes after the plants are colonized, and is beneficial to seed interception, compensates a seed bank and promotes plant productivity recovery.
The method has strong feasibility, simple operation, rich plant sources and plant propagules, and increased suitability for the environment of the semiarid region, the habitat has higher elasticity, can continuously maintain relatively higher productivity of plants, does not need subsequent management investment, and has wide application prospect in ecological restoration engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the micro-relief modification in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the construction process of the micro-relief modification in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vegetation configuration of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view showing the comparative effects of the independent repair units A and B in example 1, wherein A is the independent repair unit A, and B is the independent repair unit B;
FIG. 5 is a statistical plot of plant productivity changes for the independent repair units A and B of example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is a plant productivity restoration method for the arid region of the present embodiment, comprising the steps of:
Selecting a vegetation degradation land in a arid region as a target restoration sample land, and carrying out vegetation investigation on the target restoration sample land in summer to investigate dominant vegetation and a suitable habitat thereof;
Dividing the target recovery pattern into a plurality of independent repair units in the next 3 months, and digging a diving pool in each independent repair unit to form concave terrains, wherein the specific parameters are that the center depth of the concave terrains is 0.9-1.1 m, the gentle slope is 3-5 degrees and extends to the periphery, and ditches with the depth of 30-50cm are dug in the shallow pool at intervals of 1m to construct a gully network;
Dividing the vegetation survey result of the first step into a drought vegetation zone, a wet vegetation zone and an emergent vegetation zone with equal width from top to bottom according to the gradient by taking the vegetation survey result of the first step as a reference for vegetation configuration;
Transplanting the dominant vegetation in the middle of 5 th year, and supplementing water source in 6-8 months according to the proper growth water level of the configured plants.
The embodiment discloses a plant productivity restoration method for a arid region, which comprises the steps of firstly surveying plant resources in a target restoration region, dividing the target restoration region into a plurality of independent restoration units according to the relief characteristics of the micro-topography of a to-be-restored region, digging a diving pool in each restoration unit to form concave topography, dividing the local plant investigation result into a arid vegetation zone, a wet vegetation zone and an emergent aquatic vegetation zone according to the gradient from top to bottom with equal width as a reference, and carrying out vegetation configuration, and finally cultivating and maintaining plants. According to the method, the climatic characteristics of the arid region are fully considered, and the constructed compound habitat and plant configuration can effectively maintain plant productivity. The technology of the embodiment has strong feasibility and wide application prospect in ecological restoration engineering.
In the second embodiment, in the first embodiment, the vegetation coverage of the vegetation degradation land in the arid region is less than 20%. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
In the third embodiment, the investigation object in the first embodiment comprises emergent aquatic plants, wet plants and drought plants. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
In the fourth embodiment, the investigation method in the first embodiment adopts a sampling line method, each sampling line is 20 meters, 5 equidistant 1m multiplied by 1m sampling formulas are arranged, and dominant vegetation is determined according to the investigation result of the sampling formulas. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one to three embodiments.
In the fifth embodiment, the area of each independent repair unit in the second embodiment is 500-600m 2. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one to four embodiments.
In the sixth specific embodiment, the density of emergent aquatic plants in the third step of the embodiment is 5-10 plants/m 2, the density of wet plants is 20-30 plants/m 2, and the density of drought plants is 30-50 plants/m 2. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The following examples of the present invention are described in detail, and are provided by taking the technical scheme of the present invention as a premise, and the detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
The plant productivity restoration method for the semiarid region of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
selecting a saline-alkali soil with degraded vegetation as a target restoration sample land in the western Jilin area, daan city, white city, and An Cun, and carrying out vegetation investigation of the target restoration sample land in 2021. And (3) investigation of regional plant resources by using a sampling line method, wherein each sampling line is 20 meters, 5 equidistant 1m multiplied by 1m sampling directions are set, and dominant species are determined according to the investigation result of the sampling directions.
The result shows that the emergent aquatic plants in the area mainly take calamus as main material and suitable for water level of 50-100cm, the wet plants mainly take reed as main material and suitable for water level of 0-50cm, and the drought plants mainly take festuca arundinacea as main material, and the water content of the festuca arundinacea growing soil is 15-20%. The coverage of drought plants is less than 20%, the wet and emergent aquatic plants only grow in nearby ditches, and the plant diversity is single.
And step two, performing micro-relief reconstruction according to a micro-relief reconstruction schematic diagram (shown in figure 1) in 2022 and 3 months, wherein a construction process photo is shown in figure 2. First, the target restoration pattern is subjected to stepping check to determine the micro-geomorphic characteristics of the target restoration area. The method comprises the steps of selecting two independent repairing units A and B, wherein the areas of the two independent repairing units are 500m 2, digging a submerged pool in the independent repairing unit A to form concave terrains, and the specific parameters are that the center depth of the concave terrains is about 1 meter, the gentle slope is 3-5 degrees and extends to the periphery, grooves with the depth of 50cm are dug at intervals of 1m in the shallow pool to construct a gully network, the ellipses in the drawing are boundaries of the concave terrains, the curves on the right side represent the 50cm deep grooves with the depth of 1m, and the 50cm deep grooves are formed by combination, and the independent repairing unit B is used for comparison treatment and is constructed by only developing the gully network, namely, the grooves with the depth of 50cm are dug at intervals of 1m in the independent repairing unit B.
Dividing the vegetation investigation result in the first step into a drought vegetation zone, a wet vegetation zone and an emergent vegetation zone according to the gradient of the concave terrain from top to bottom with equal width as a reference for vegetation configuration, planting a fescue on the drought vegetation zone, planting reed on the wet vegetation zone, planting a calamus on the emergent vegetation zone, and a vegetation configuration scheme is shown in figure 3.
In the middle ten days of 5 months of 2022, seeding of transplanting target plant seedlings/propagules and seeds is carried out, the density of calamus in the independent repair unit A is5 plants/m 2, the density of reed is 20 plants/m 2, and the density of festuca arundinacea is 30 grains/m 2 in a seeding mode. In the independent repairing unit B, only the festuca arundinacea seeds are sown, and the density is 30 grains/m 2.
And 2022, 6-8 months, further performing moisture management on the calamus, reed and festuca arundinacea propagules or seeds in the independent restoration unit A and the independent restoration unit B, and regulating and controlling the water depth of emergent aquatic vegetation belts to be 60cm according to field investigation results. The drought vegetation zone is covered by straw curtains to play a role in preserving water, preventing wind and improving seed germination rate, after all the festuca arundinacea seeds germinate, the straw curtains are piled into ridges to play a role in preventing wind, and the straw curtains are evacuated for 8 months.
In 2024, 9 months, the plant recovery effect is monitored, as shown in fig. 4, and according to the method provided by the invention, the plant coverage in the area of the independent repair unit A reaches more than 90% after two years, and the plant coverage of the independent repair unit B only adopts a gully network and seed replenishment recovery mode, namely, the plant coverage is only 10% -20%.
The plant productivity of the independent repair unit a and independent repair unit B regions was determined simultaneously at 9 months 2024, as shown in fig. 5. After the treatment according to the method provided by the invention, the biomass of the independent repair unit A reaches 560g per square meter, and the biomass of the independent repair unit B reaches 72g per square meter.

Claims (6)

1.一种半干旱区植物生产力恢复方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：1. A method for restoring plant productivity in semi-arid areas, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: 步骤一：选择半干旱区植被退化地，作为目标恢复样地，夏季对目标恢复样地进行植被调查，调查优势植被及其适宜生境；Step 1: Select vegetation degraded areas in semi-arid areas as target restoration plots, conduct vegetation surveys on the target restoration plots in summer, and investigate dominant vegetation and its suitable habitats; 步骤二：第二年3月，将目标恢复样地划分数个独立修复单元，独立修复单元内挖潜池形成凹地形，具体参数为：凹地形中心深度0.9-1.1米，缓坡度3-5°向四周延伸，浅池内间隔1m挖30-50cm深的沟构建沟壑网络；Step 2: In March of the second year, the target restoration plot was divided into several independent restoration units. A concave terrain was formed by digging a potential pool in the independent restoration unit. The specific parameters were: the center depth of the concave terrain was 0.9-1.1 meters, and the gentle slope was 3-5° extending to the surrounding areas. A 30-50 cm deep ditch was dug every 1 m in the shallow pool to construct a gully network. 步骤三：以步骤一的植被调查结果为参考，按照坡度从上到下等宽划分为旱生植被带、湿生植被带和挺水植被带进行植被配置；Step 3: Based on the vegetation survey results of step 1, divide the slope into xerophytic vegetation zone, hygrophytic vegetation zone and emergent vegetation zone with equal width from top to bottom for vegetation configuration; 步骤四：第二年5月中旬移栽优势植被，6月-8月根据配置植物的适宜生长水位进行水源补给。Step 4: Transplant dominant vegetation in mid-May of the second year, and replenish water sources from June to August according to the suitable growth water level of the plants. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种半干旱区植物生产力恢复方法，其特征在于，步骤一中所述半干旱区植被退化地的植被盖度＜20％。2. A method for restoring plant productivity in a semi-arid area according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetation coverage of the vegetation degraded land in the semi-arid area in step 1 is less than 20%. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种半干旱区植物生产力恢复方法，其特征在于，步骤一中调查对象包括挺水植物、湿生植物和旱生植物。3. A method for restoring plant productivity in semi-arid areas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the survey objects in step 1 include emergent plants, hygrophytes and xerophytes. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种半干旱区植物生产力恢复方法，其特征在于，步骤一中调查方法采用样线法，每条样线20米，设置5个等距1m×1m样方，根据样方调查结果确定优势植被。4. A method for restoring plant productivity in semi-arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that the survey method in step 1 adopts the sample line method, each sample line is 20 meters, and 5 equidistant 1m×1m sample plots are set, and the dominant vegetation is determined according to the sample plot survey results. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种半干旱区植物生产力恢复方法，其特征在于，步骤二中每个独立修复单元的面积为500-600m2。5 . The method for restoring plant productivity in semi-arid areas according to claim 4 , wherein the area of each independent restoration unit in step 2 is 500-600 m 2 . 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种半干旱区植物生产力恢复方法，其特征在于，步骤三中挺水植物密度为5-10株/m2，湿生植物20-30株/m2，旱生植物30-50株/m2。6 . The method for restoring plant productivity in semi-arid areas according to claim 5 , characterized in that in step 3, the density of emergent plants is 5-10 plants/m 2 , that of hygrophytes is 20-30 plants/m 2 , and that of xerophytes is 30-50 plants/m 2 .
CN202411553366.1A 2024-11-01 2024-11-01 A method for restoring plant productivity in semi-arid areas Pending CN119256874A (en)

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