CN119244251A - A construction method for widening one side of an existing tunnel - Google Patents
A construction method for widening one side of an existing tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN119244251A CN119244251A CN202411769627.3A CN202411769627A CN119244251A CN 119244251 A CN119244251 A CN 119244251A CN 202411769627 A CN202411769627 A CN 202411769627A CN 119244251 A CN119244251 A CN 119244251A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/01—Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels, e.g. by restoring the floor to its original level
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及隧道施工技术领域，提供一种用于已建隧道单侧加宽的改扩建施工方法，根据衬砌检测信息和围岩勘测信息确定已建隧道进行改扩建的起始段落，起始段落位于已建隧道的中间段区间，对起始段落进行改扩建，再利用改扩建后的起始段落对第一方向上的相邻隧道段落施作超前支护，以及利用改扩建后的起始段落对第二方向上的相邻隧道段落施作超前支护，对第一方向上的剩余隧道段落进行改扩建以及对第二方向上的剩余隧道段落进行改扩建，以完成已建隧道的改扩建。本申请将起始段落设在中间段区间可以解决施工面受限的问题，可以从起始段落的两端进行同步施工，可以应工期要求，增加多个施工面，并且还能减少了围岩扰动，降低工程风险，工期短。
The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and provides a construction method for the expansion and reconstruction of a single-sided widening of an existing tunnel. The starting section of the existing tunnel for expansion and reconstruction is determined according to lining detection information and surrounding rock survey information. The starting section is located in the middle section of the existing tunnel. The starting section is expanded and reconstructed, and then the expanded and reconstructed starting section is used to perform advance support on adjacent tunnel sections in the first direction, and the expanded and reconstructed starting section is used to perform advance support on adjacent tunnel sections in the second direction. The remaining tunnel sections in the first direction are expanded and the remaining tunnel sections in the second direction are expanded to complete the expansion and reconstruction of the existing tunnel. The present application sets the starting section in the middle section to solve the problem of limited construction surface, and can carry out synchronous construction from both ends of the starting section. Multiple construction surfaces can be added according to the construction period requirements, and the surrounding rock disturbance can be reduced, the engineering risk can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel.
Background
Along with the economic development, the construction of traffic road networks tends to be perfect, and the road traffic in the economically developed area cannot meet the requirement of the economic development, so that the reconstruction and expansion of the highway are started. In highway reconstruction and expansion, the most troublesome reconstruction and expansion scheme of the over tunnel is divided into two schemes of in-situ reconstruction and expansion and separation and expansion, which are limited by the rapid development of block economy, and the reconstruction and expansion engineering construction red line range is strictly controlled, and in addition, in order to reduce the mutual influence between the left line and the right line of the tunnel, a tunnel single-side widening scheme is mostly adopted.
In the prior art, the unilateral widening construction scheme of the tunnel needs to pre-strengthen surrounding rock, so that an initial working face is usually selected at a tunnel portal, the stability of the surrounding rock is increased through an advanced long pipe shed, then the tunnel construction face is subjected to reconstruction and expansion, but the method is limited by the reconstruction and expansion, the tunnel construction cannot be accelerated through a method of increasing a construction operation face, once the project period is short, the requirement cannot be met, in addition, the tunnel portal section is generally a poor geological section, the burial depth is shallow, and the construction risk of the initial working face at the tunnel portal is large. Thus, this reconstruction scheme, which locates the starting face at the tunnel portal, is not the best option.
In addition, the scheme still follows the new Otto principle in the reconstruction and expansion process, namely a steel frame combined with an anchor spraying supporting mode is adopted, the problem of insufficient rigidity of a supporting structure exists, the allowable deformation of surrounding rock is large, the whole supporting process is largely dependent on manpower and long in construction period, and once again, an effective protection system cannot be formed in the first time due to the fact that a certain time is required for spraying concrete after the supporting structure is constructed, the timeliness is poor, the exposed time of the surrounding rock is long, and disturbance is large, so that higher construction risks are brought.
In view of this, it is necessary to propose a reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-sided widening of an established tunnel to solve or at least alleviate the above drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a reconstruction and expansion construction method for widening a single side of an established tunnel, which aims to solve the technical problems that a reconstruction and expansion initial working face is limited in a tunnel portal and construction risks are large in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel, comprising the steps of:
S1, acquiring lining detection information and surrounding rock survey information of a built tunnel, and determining a starting paragraph of the built tunnel for reconstruction and expansion according to the lining detection information and the surrounding rock survey information, wherein the starting paragraph is positioned in a middle section of the built tunnel;
S2, carrying out reconstruction and expansion on the initial paragraph, and then carrying out advance support on the adjacent tunnel paragraphs in the first direction by utilizing the reconstructed and expanded initial paragraph and carrying out advance support on the adjacent tunnel paragraphs in the second direction by utilizing the reconstructed and expanded initial paragraph, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction;
S3, rebuilding and expanding the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the first direction and rebuilding and expanding the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the second direction to finish rebuilding and expanding the built tunnel.
Preferably, the reconstruction of the start paragraph in step S2 comprises in particular the following steps:
S21, firstly removing an initial support of a non-widened region, expanding and digging to a design contour line, reserving the initial support of the widened region as a temporary supporting structure, and then spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surface of the non-widened region, wherein the arch wall region of the initial paragraph comprises the non-widened region and a plurality of widened regions which are sequentially connected along the circumferential direction of a tunnel;
S22, installing a first prefabricated lining structure matched with the non-widened area, wherein one end of the first prefabricated lining structure is overlapped with surrounding rock of the widened area, and the other end of the first prefabricated lining structure is overlapped at a tunnel arch foot;
s23, removing the primary support of the ith widened area, expanding and digging to a design contour line, reserving the primary support of the rest widened area as a temporary support structure, and spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surface of the ith widened area;
S24, installing a second prefabricated lining structure matched with the i-th widened area, wherein when the i-th widened area is the 1-th widened area, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-th widened area is connected with the first prefabricated lining structure, and the other end of the second prefabricated lining structure is lapped with surrounding rocks of the i+1th widened area, and entering a step S251, wherein i is more than or equal to 1, and i is a positive integer;
when i is greater than 1 and the i-th widened region is not the last widened region, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-th widened region is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-1 th widened region, the other end is overlapped with surrounding rock of the i+1-th widened region, and the step S251 is carried out;
When the i-th widened region is the last widened region, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-th widened region is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-1-th widened region, the other end is overlapped with the tunnel arch leg, and the step S252 is entered;
s251, punching a second system anchor rod through a second reserved hole to fix a second prefabricated lining structure of the ith widened area, assigning i+1 to i, and then entering step S23;
S252, a second system anchor rod is punched through a second reserved hole to fix a second prefabricated lining structure of the ith widened area, the original inverted arch structure is removed, the inverted arch structure is dug to a designed outline, and then the prefabricated inverted arch is applied, wherein one end of the prefabricated inverted arch is connected with the first prefabricated lining structure, and the other end of the prefabricated inverted arch is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure of the ith widened area.
Preferably, the step S3 of reconstructing and expanding the remaining tunnel segments in the first direction specifically includes the steps of:
S31, when the surrounding rock grade of the remaining tunnel section is greater than or equal to four grades, carrying out reconstruction and expansion on a first area and a second area of the remaining tunnel section of a preset circulating footage along the first direction, wherein the arch wall area of each remaining tunnel section is divided into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area which are positioned in the widened area in turn along the circumferential direction of the tunnel;
s32, rebuilding and expanding a third area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage along the first direction;
s33, rebuilding and expanding a fourth area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage along the first direction;
s34, removing the original inverted arch structure corresponding to the preset circulating feeding rule, expanding and digging to a design contour line, and then applying the prefabricated inverted arch corresponding to the preset circulating feeding rule;
And repeating the steps S31-S34 until the reconstruction and expansion of the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the first direction are completed.
Preferably, in the step S31, the reconstructing and expanding the first area and the second area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset cyclic footage along the first direction specifically includes the steps of:
s311, firstly removing the primary supports of the first area of the current residual tunnel section, expanding and digging to the design contour line, then removing the primary supports of the second area, expanding and digging to the design contour line, and reserving the primary supports of the third area and the fourth area as temporary support structures;
S312, spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surfaces of the first area and the second area, and installing a first prefabricated lining structure matched with the first area and a second prefabricated lining structure matched with the second area;
s313, using the first prefabricated lining structure and the second prefabricated lining structure to form advance support so as to strengthen the first area and the second area of the next residual tunnel section;
And S314, repeating the steps S311-S313, and completing reconstruction and expansion of the first area and the second area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage.
Preferably, the step S32 specifically includes the steps of:
S321, removing primary supports of a third area of the current residual tunnel section, expanding and digging to a designed contour line, spraying concrete on the inner wall of surrounding rock of the third area, installing a second prefabricated lining structure matched with the third area, and then punching a second system anchor rod through the second reserved hole to fix the second prefabricated lining structure;
s322, a second prefabricated lining structure is utilized to form an advanced support to strengthen a third area of the next remaining tunnel section;
S323, repeating the steps S321-S322, and completing reconstruction and expansion of the third area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage.
Preferably, the step S33 specifically includes the steps of:
S331, removing an initial support of a fourth area of the current residual tunnel section, expanding and digging to a design contour line of the fourth area, spraying concrete on the inner wall of surrounding rock of the fourth area, installing a second prefabricated lining structure matched with the fourth area, and then punching a second system anchor rod through the second reserved hole to fix the second prefabricated lining structure;
S332, using the second prefabricated lining structure to form an advanced support to strengthen a fourth area of the next remaining tunnel section;
S333, repeating the steps S331-S332, and completing reconstruction and expansion of the fourth area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage.
The first prefabricated lining structure comprises a first steel box, wherein a first grouting hole is formed in the inner wall of the first steel box, ultra-high-performance concrete is filled in the first steel box through the first grouting hole to form a first grouting structure layer, first reserved holes for a first system anchor rod to penetrate through are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the first steel box, the first reserved holes in the inner wall of the first steel box and the first reserved holes in the outer wall of the first steel box are correspondingly distributed one by one, the first system anchor rod comprises a first anchoring end and a first locking end, the first anchoring end is anchored into surrounding rock after penetrating through the first reserved holes, and the first locking end is connected with the inner wall of the first steel box.
The second prefabricated lining structure comprises a second steel box, wherein a second grouting hole is formed in the inner wall of the second steel box, ultra-high performance concrete is filled in the second steel box through the second grouting hole to form a second grouting structural layer, second reserved holes for a second system anchor rod to penetrate through are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the second steel box, the second reserved holes in the inner wall of the second steel box and the second reserved holes in the outer wall of the second steel box are correspondingly distributed one by one, the second system anchor rod comprises a second anchoring end and a second locking end, the second anchoring end is anchored into surrounding rock after penetrating through the second reserved holes, and the second locking end is connected with the inner wall of the second steel box.
Preferably, the concrete spraying step S23 specifically comprises the step of spraying C25 concrete with the thickness of 8cm on the surrounding rock wall surface of the i widened region.
Preferably, the length of the start paragraph is set between 2 and 5m, and the length of each remaining tunnel paragraph is set between 2 and 6 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The application provides a reconstruction construction method for single-side widening of a built tunnel, which is characterized in that a starting paragraph of the built tunnel is determined according to lining detection information and surrounding rock survey information, the starting paragraph is positioned in the middle section of the built tunnel, reconstruction is carried out on the starting paragraph, then the starting paragraph after reconstruction is utilized to carry out advanced support on adjacent tunnel paragraphs in a first direction, the starting paragraph after reconstruction is utilized to carry out advanced support on adjacent tunnel paragraphs in a second direction, reconstruction is carried out on the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the first direction, and reconstruction is carried out on the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the second direction, so as to complete reconstruction of the built tunnel. The application sets the initial section in the middle section, which can solve the problem of limited construction surface, can synchronously construct from the two ends of the initial section, can meet the construction period requirement, increases a plurality of construction surfaces, reduces surrounding rock disturbance, reduces engineering risk and has short construction period.
And in the process of dismantling the primary support and expanding the excavation, the primary support of the residual area is reserved as a temporary support structure, one end of the first prefabricated lining structure is lapped on surrounding rock, one end of the second prefabricated lining of the partial area is lapped on the surrounding rock, so that the first prefabricated lining structure and/or the second prefabricated lining structure and the residual original lining structure can temporarily form an arch structure, the stability of the structure is ensured, each widened area is gradually dismantled and expanded, the prefabricated lining structure is installed, the construction is orderly and safe, the prefabricated lining structure is used for replacing the traditional cast-in-place, the construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the construction period is shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing steps involved in the reconstruction of the start paragraph in step S2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel reconstruction zone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second steel box circumferential docking of a second zone, a third zone, and a fourth zone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the longitudinal butt joint of the first steel box of the first area in an embodiment of the invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Reference numerals illustrate:
10. Design contour line, 20, original tunnel excavation contour line, 310, first area, 320, second area, 330, third area, 340, fourth area, 410, first prefabricated lining structure, 420, second prefabricated lining structure, 50, prefabricated inverted arch, 60, first steel box, 610, first groove, 620, first bulge, 70, second steel box, 710, second groove, 720, second bulge.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear are used in the embodiments of the present invention) are merely for explaining the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicators are changed accordingly.
In addition, descriptions of "right," "middle," and the like in this disclosure are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "right portion", "middle portion" may include at least one such feature, either explicitly or implicitly. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
S1, acquiring lining detection information and surrounding rock survey information of a built tunnel, and determining a starting paragraph of the built tunnel for reconstruction and expansion according to the lining detection information and the surrounding rock survey information, wherein the starting paragraph is positioned in a middle section of the built tunnel;
S2, carrying out reconstruction and expansion on the initial paragraph, and then carrying out advanced support on the adjacent tunnel paragraph in the first direction by utilizing the reconstructed and expanded initial paragraph and carrying out advanced support on the adjacent tunnel paragraph in the second direction by utilizing the reconstructed and expanded initial paragraph, wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite, and the first direction and the second direction extend along the extending direction of the tunnel;
s3, rebuilding and expanding the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the first direction and rebuilding and expanding the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the second direction to finish rebuilding and expanding the built tunnel. The method comprises the steps of performing reconstruction by using one end face of the reconstructed and expanded starting section as a construction face to the residual tunnel section in the first direction, and performing reconstruction by using the other end face of the reconstructed and expanded starting section to the residual tunnel section in the second direction. As a preferred example, the length of the start section is set between 2and 5m, the number of the remaining tunnel sections is plural, and the length of each remaining tunnel section is set between 2and 6 m.
It will be appreciated that the risk of breaking the tunnel lining is high, the integrity and stability of the original lining should be checked before breaking, monitoring points may be arranged in the established tunnel, or detection may be performed by using, for example, an ultrasonic nondestructive detection method, and when the detection result is that the lining has defects, such as hollows, water seepage, etc., the defects should be analyzed and reinforcing measures (such as grouting reinforcement, etc.) should be considered in the process of breaking the lining. And the surrounding rock survey information can be used for surveying surrounding rock around the tunnel lining in a mode such as a sonic method, an electric sounding method and the like so as to acquire surrounding rock geological information, such as surrounding rock grade, and provide geological basis for reconstruction and expansion engineering.
Unlike the prior art, the starting paragraph of the reconstruction and expansion scheme of the application is not selected at the tunnel portal, but is preferably selected as the middle paragraph with better integrity and stability of the original lining according to the acquired lining detection information and surrounding rock survey information, namely, the starting paragraph is positioned in the middle section of the established tunnel, the tunnel is divided into a portal section (an entrance section), a middle section and an exit section along the extending direction, and the starting paragraph is arranged at the position, so that the problem of limited construction surface can be solved, synchronous construction can be carried out from two ends of the starting paragraph, and a plurality of construction surfaces can be increased according to the requirement of construction period.
Preferably, the initial section is preferably a section with complete lining and a surrounding rock grade smaller than four, if the surrounding rock grade is greater than or equal to four, after secondary lining removal, radial grouting is carried out on the surrounding rock through the primary support of the original tunnel, the stability of the surrounding rock is improved, and then the primary support removal and the expansion work is started.
Adjacent tunnel segments in a first direction (e.g., from the start segment to the tunnel exit) are pre-supported by the start segment after reconstruction, and the pre-support may be performed by grouting, driving steel pipes, steel plates, anchor rods, etc. into the stratum in front of the construction surface before construction of the adjacent tunnel segments, forming an arch-shaped continuum in the cross section of the adjacent tunnel segments to strengthen the stratum in front of the construction surface, and similarly, the pre-support is performed by the start segment after reconstruction and the adjacent tunnel segments in a second direction (e.g., from the start segment to the tunnel entrance) are pre-supported, wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite to ensure the construction safety in the whole reconstruction process.
After the reconstruction and the advance support of the initial section are completed, the reconstruction and the expansion of the remaining tunnel sections in the first direction are continued, and the reconstruction and the expansion of the remaining tunnel sections in the second direction can be synchronously performed, so that the reconstruction and the expansion period can be effectively shortened.
As a preferred embodiment, the reconstructing and expanding the start paragraph in the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
S21, firstly removing an initial support of a non-widened region, expanding and digging to a design contour line 10, reserving the initial support of the widened region as a temporary supporting structure, and then spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surface of the non-widened region, wherein the arch wall region of the initial paragraph comprises the non-widened region and a plurality of widened regions which are sequentially connected along the circumferential direction of a tunnel;
S22, installing a first prefabricated lining structure 410 matched with the non-widened area, wherein one end of the first prefabricated lining structure 410 is overlapped with surrounding rock of the widened area, and the other end of the first prefabricated lining structure 410 is overlapped at a tunnel arch foot;
S23, removing the primary support of the ith widened region, expanding and digging to the design contour line 10, reserving the primary support of the rest widened region as a temporary supporting structure, and spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surface of the ith widened region, wherein the step S23 of spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surface of the ith widened region specifically comprises the step of spraying C25 concrete with the thickness of 8cm on the surrounding rock wall surface of the ith widened region.
S24, installing a second prefabricated lining structure 420 matched with the i-th widened region, wherein when the i-th widened region is the 1-th widened region, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure 420 of the i-th widened region is connected with the first prefabricated lining structure 410, and the other end is overlapped with surrounding rocks of the i+1th widened region, and entering a step S251, wherein i is more than or equal to 1, and i is a positive integer;
When i is greater than 1 and the i-th widened region is not the last widened region, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure 420 of the i-th widened region is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure 420 of the i-1-th widened region, and the other end is overlapped with the surrounding rock of the i+1th widened region, and the step S251 is performed;
when the i-th widened region is the last widened region, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure 420 of the i-th widened region is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure 420 of the i-1-th widened region, the other end is overlapped with the tunnel arch, and the process proceeds to step S252;
S251, punching a second system anchor rod through a second reserved hole to fix a second prefabricated lining structure 420 of the ith widened area, assigning i+1 to i, and then entering step S23;
S252, a second system anchor rod is punched through a second reserved hole to fix a second prefabricated lining structure 420 of an ith widened area, the original inverted arch structure is removed, the inverted arch structure is dug to the designed outline 10, and then the prefabricated inverted arch 50 is applied, wherein one end of the prefabricated inverted arch 50 is connected with the first prefabricated lining structure 410, and the other end of the prefabricated inverted arch is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure 420 of the ith widened area.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the primary support of the non-widened region is removed, and then the tunnel is enlarged and excavated according to the design contour line 10 (i.e., the enlarged and excavated tunnel excavation contour line), so as to form a larger tunnel space. And then according to the size and shape of the non-widened region, installing the matched first prefabricated lining structure 410, wherein one end of the first prefabricated lining structure 410 is lapped with surrounding rock of the widened region, and the other end of the first prefabricated lining structure 410 is lapped at the arch springing of the tunnel. A first system anchor rod is installed through the reserved first reserved hole to fix the first prefabricated lining structure 410.
It should be noted that the definition of the non-widened region and the widened region may be determined in advance according to design requirements, and it is preferable that the widening of the established tunnel is generally achieved outside, for example, the boundary between the non-widened region and the widened region is the tunnel center line;
Then, the first widened area close to the non-widened area is re-expanded, the corresponding primary support is removed, the expansion and excavation are carried out according to the design contour line 10, and the concrete is sprayed on the wall surface of the expanded and excavated surrounding rock. Depending on the size and shape of the widened region, a matching second pre-lining structure 420 is installed, and the second pre-lining structure 420 is preferably an arc-shaped structure.
Wherein, for the first widened region (the widened region connected with the non-widened region), one end of the prefabricated lining structure is connected with the first prefabricated lining structure 410, the other end is overlapped with surrounding rock of the next widened region, for the middle widened region, one end of the prefabricated lining structure is connected with the prefabricated lining structure of the last widened region, the other end is overlapped with the surrounding rock of the next widened region, for the last widened region, one end of the prefabricated lining structure is connected with the prefabricated lining structure of the last widened region, the other end is overlapped with a tunnel arch leg, a second system anchor rod is arranged through a reserved second reserved hole to fix the prefabricated lining structure of each widened region, and after the widened region is processed, the processing flow of the next widened region is entered until all the widened regions are processed.
And then performing inverted arch reconstruction and extension, after finishing the treatment of all widened areas, dismantling the original inverted arch structure, performing expansion and excavation according to the design contour line 10, and constructing a prefabricated inverted arch 50, wherein one end of the prefabricated inverted arch 50 is connected with the first prefabricated lining structure 410, and the other end of the prefabricated inverted arch is connected with the prefabricated lining structure of the last widened area so as to form a complete tunnel lining structure.
In the process of removing the primary support and expanding the excavation, the primary support of the remaining area is reserved as a temporary support structure, one end of the first prefabricated lining structure 410 is lapped on surrounding rock, one end of the second prefabricated lining of the partial area is lapped on the surrounding rock, so that the first prefabricated lining structure 410 and/or the second prefabricated lining structure 420 and the remaining original lining structure can temporarily form an arch structure, the stability of the structure is ensured, each widened area is gradually removed and expanded, the prefabricated lining structure is installed again, the construction is orderly and safe, the prefabricated lining structure is used for replacing the traditional cast-in-place construction, the construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the construction period is shortened.
Furthermore, the stability of the structural system depends on the stability of the lap joint surrounding rock, so that the surrounding rock where the lap joint is located needs to be stably analyzed, and grouting reinforcement should be performed in an advanced grouting stage when the bearing capacity is insufficient. Further, when the first prefabricated lining structure 410 or the second prefabricated lining structure 420 located in the last widened region is assembled, a 10-20 cm concrete cushion layer is paved on the arch footing of the tunnel, and when the first prefabricated lining structure 410 or the second prefabricated lining structure 420 located in the last widened region is assembled and does not reach a preset position, a jack can be adopted to push the first prefabricated lining structure 410 or the second prefabricated lining structure 420 located in the last widened region to the preset position, and a wedge block is inserted to increase overall stability.
It should be noted that, unlike the new-Olympic anchor spraying support, the concrete is sprayed to the surrounding rock wall surface to level the surrounding rock wall surface and reduce surrounding rock dropping, and the concrete sprayed in the new-Olympic is used as a support structure in the primary support, so that the application can reduce the use amount and the setting time and shorten the construction period.
As a preferred embodiment, the step S3 of reconstructing and expanding the remaining tunnel segments in the first direction specifically includes the steps of:
S31, when the surrounding rock grade of the remaining tunnel section is greater than or equal to four grades, carrying out reconstruction and expansion on a first area 310 and a second area 320 of the remaining tunnel section of a preset circulating footage along the first direction, wherein an arch wall area of each remaining tunnel section is divided into a first area 310, a second area 320, a third area 330 and a fourth area 340 which are positioned in a widened area in turn along the tunnel circumferential direction;
s32, rebuilding and expanding a third area 330 of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage along the first direction;
S33, rebuilding and expanding a fourth area 340 of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage along the first direction;
s34, removing the original inverted arch structure corresponding to the preset circulating feeding rule, expanding and digging to the design contour line 10, and then applying the prefabricated inverted arch 50 corresponding to the preset circulating feeding rule;
And repeating the steps S31-S34 until the reconstruction and expansion of the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the first direction are completed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the arch wall area of each remaining tunnel section is divided into four areas along the tunnel ring direction, namely, a first area 310, a second area 320, a third area 330 and a fourth area 340, wherein the second area 320, the third area 330 and the fourth area 340 are all located in widened areas, the first area 310 is located in a non-widened area, and the reconstruction and expansion construction is performed according to the sequence of a first step formed by the first area 310 and the second area 320, a second step formed by the third area 330 and a third step formed by the fourth area 340. The first step, the second step and the third step are staggered in time and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, for example, the second step formed by the third region 330 is formed by starting after the first step formed by the first region 310 and the second region 320 is completed by the preset cyclic footage reconstruction, and the construction mode helps to ensure the continuity and stability of the construction process and reduce the mutual influence in the construction process.
By repeating the steps S31-S34, the reconstruction and expansion work of the remaining tunnel sections is gradually advanced, and the construction work is more orderly and controllable in this way.
The preset cyclic footage may be the length of each 3 remaining tunnel segments, and specific lengths may be set by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and after the reconstruction and expansion work of each cyclic footage is completed, the original inverted arch structure is removed, and the original inverted arch structure is expanded to the design contour line 10, and then a new prefabricated inverted arch 50 is applied.
It is also noted that if the surrounding rock grade of the remaining tunnel section is less than four, the above-mentioned reconstruction and expansion step of the initial section can be referred to, and in addition, the reconstruction and expansion process of the remaining tunnel section in the second direction can be referred to the above-mentioned reconstruction and expansion scheme in the first direction, which is not described herein.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step S31, the reconstruction and expansion of the first area 310 and the second area 320 of the remaining tunnel section of the preset cyclic footage along the first direction specifically includes the steps of:
S311, removing the primary supports of the first area 310 of the current remaining tunnel section and expanding and digging to the design contour line 10, removing the primary supports of the second area 320 and expanding and digging to the design contour line 10, and reserving the primary supports of the third area 330 and the fourth area 340 as temporary support structures;
S312, spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surfaces of the first area 310 and the second area 320, and installing a first prefabricated lining structure 410 matched with the first area 310 and a second prefabricated lining structure 420 matched with the second area 320;
S313, using the first prefabricated lining structure 410 and the second prefabricated lining structure 420 to make advance support to strengthen the first area 310 and the second area 320 of the next remaining tunnel section;
And S314, repeating the steps S311-S313, and completing reconstruction and expansion of the first area 310 and the second area 320 of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage.
Specifically, the primary support of the first region 310 of the current remaining tunnel segment is removed and the design contour 10 is extended. Next, the primary supports of the second zone 320 are removed and also the design contour 10 is dug up, during which the primary supports of the third zone 330 and the fourth zone 340 are kept as temporary support structures to ensure stability of the tunnel during the re-expansion.
The surrounding rock wall surfaces of the first region 310 and the second region 320, which have been dug to the design contour line 10, are subjected to shotcrete treatment to enhance the stability and bearing capacity of the surrounding rock wall surfaces. And installing the matched first prefabricated lining structure 410 and second prefabricated lining structure 420 to form a support in time. And then the first system anchor rod and the second system anchor rod are respectively arranged through the first preformed hole and the second preformed hole so as to fix the first prefabricated lining structure 410 and the second prefabricated lining structure 420.
After the re-expansion of the first and second areas 310 and 320 of the current remaining tunnel section is completed, a pre-support is set using the already installed first and second pre-lining structures 410 and 420. The advanced support may be performed by performing advanced small pipe grouting through the first and second prefabricated lining structures 410 and 420 for reinforcing the first and second regions 310 and 320 of the next remaining tunnel section to ensure smooth progress of the subsequent re-expansion work. Wherein the advance pipe may be connected to either the first prefabricated lining structure 410 or the second prefabricated lining structure 420 and removed again at the time of reconstruction and expansion of the next remaining tunnel segment.
As a preferred embodiment, the step S32 specifically includes the steps of:
S321, removing the primary support of a third area 330 of the current residual tunnel section, expanding and digging to a design contour line 10, spraying concrete on the inner wall of surrounding rock of the third area 330, installing a second prefabricated lining structure 420 matched with the third area 330, and then punching a second system anchor rod through the second reserved hole to fix the second prefabricated lining structure 420;
s322, using the second prefabricated lining structure 420 to make advance support to strengthen the third area 330 of the next remaining tunnel section;
s323, repeating the steps S321-S322, and completing reconstruction and expansion of the third area 330 of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage.
Specifically, the primary support of the third region 330 of the current remaining tunnel section is removed, and the primary support is dug to the design contour line 10, and concrete is sprayed on the inner wall of the surrounding rock of the third region 330, so that the stability and bearing capacity of the surrounding rock are enhanced. Then, a second prefabricated lining structure 420 matched with the third area 330 is installed, the prefabricated lining structure has the advantages of accurate size and controllable quality, the construction efficiency and quality can be remarkably improved, a second system anchor rod is arranged through a second reserved hole to fix the second prefabricated lining structure 420, and the second system anchor rod is used for tightly connecting the lining structure with surrounding rocks to form an integrally stable supporting system. After the reconstruction of the third region 330 of the current remaining tunnel section is completed, a pre-support is set up with the second prefabricated lining structure 420 already installed. Steps S321 to S322 are repeated until the reconstruction and expansion of the third region 330 of the remaining tunnel section of the preset cyclic footage is completed, and the effective reconstruction and expansion of the third region 330 of the entire remaining tunnel section is realized through gradual propulsion and cyclic construction.
As a preferred embodiment, the step S33 specifically includes the steps of:
s331, removing the primary support of a fourth area 340 of the current residual tunnel section, expanding and digging to a design contour line 10 of the fourth area 340, spraying concrete on the inner wall of surrounding rock of the fourth area 340, installing a second prefabricated lining structure 420 matched with the fourth area 340, and then punching a second system anchor rod through the second reserved hole to fix the second prefabricated lining structure 420;
S332, using the second prefabricated lining structure 420 to make advance support to strengthen the fourth area 340 of the next remaining tunnel section;
S333, repeating steps S331-S332, and completing the reconstruction and expansion of the fourth area 340 of the remaining tunnel section of the preset cyclic footage.
Specifically, the primary support of the fourth area 340 of the current remaining tunnel section is removed, and the design contour line 10 of the area is expanded and dug, after the expansion and the digging are completed, the surrounding rock inner wall of the fourth area 340 is subjected to shotcrete treatment so as to enhance the stability and the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, and the second prefabricated lining structure 420 matched with the fourth area 340 is installed, so that the prefabricated lining structure has the advantages of accurate size and controllable quality, and the construction efficiency and the quality can be remarkably improved. A second system anchor rod is installed through a second preformed hole to fix the second prefabricated lining structure 420. After the rebuilding of the fourth area 340 of the current remaining tunnel section is completed, a pre-support is set using the second prefabricated lining structure 420 that has been installed. Steps S331 to S332 are repeated until the reconstruction and expansion of the fourth area 340 of the remaining tunnel section of the preset cyclic footage is completed. By stepwise advancing and cyclic construction, an efficient re-expansion of the entire remaining tunnel segment into the fourth zone 340 is achieved.
Further, the first prefabricated lining structure 410 comprises a first steel box 60, a first grouting hole is formed in the inner wall of the first steel box 60, ultra-high performance concrete is filled in the first steel box 60 through the first grouting hole to form a first grouting structure layer, first reserved holes for a first system anchor rod to penetrate through are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the first steel box 60, the first reserved holes in the inner wall of the first steel box 60 and the first reserved holes in the outer wall of the first steel box 60 are correspondingly arranged one by one, the first system anchor rod comprises a first anchoring end and a first locking end, the first anchoring end is anchored into surrounding rock after penetrating through the first reserved holes, and the first locking end is connected with the inner wall of the first steel box 60.
Specifically, after the tunnel is excavated and reaches the design contour line 10, the first steel box 60 is installed in a non-widened area, ultra-high performance concrete is injected into the first steel box 60 through the first grouting holes, and a first grouting structure layer is formed after the concrete is solidified, so that the strength and durability of the lining structure are enhanced. The first anchoring end of the first system anchor rod is anchored into the surrounding rock through the first reserved hole, and then the first locking end is connected with the inner wall of the first steel box 60, so that the tight connection between the first anchor rod and the first steel box 60 and the tight connection between the first anchor rod and the surrounding rock are ensured. Through the combined action of the first system anchor rod and the first grouting structural layer, the stability of the tunnel is improved. The ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has ultra-high mechanical property and ultra-high durability, the strength, the hardness and the durability of the ultra-high performance concrete are far superior to those of common concrete, and the first prefabricated lining structure 410 adopts a prefabricated steel box, so that the workload of site construction is reduced, and the construction period is shortened.
Further, the outer wall of the first steel box 60 may be corrugated steel plate, grouting may be performed in advance before the anchor rod is applied by using the first preformed hole and the second preformed hole, and a small amount of foam concrete may be injected to fill the gap between the corrugated steel plate and the surrounding rock, so as to avoid stress concentration.
Further, the second prefabricated lining structure 420 comprises a second steel box 70, a second grouting hole is formed in the inner wall of the second steel box 70, ultra-high performance concrete is filled in the second steel box 70 through the second grouting hole to form a second grouting structure layer, second reserved holes for a second system anchor rod to penetrate through are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the second steel box 70, the second reserved holes in the inner wall of the second steel box 70 and the second reserved holes in the outer wall of the second steel box 70 are correspondingly arranged one by one, the second system anchor rod comprises a second anchoring end and a second locking end, the second anchoring end is anchored into surrounding rock after penetrating through the second reserved holes, and the second locking end is connected with the inner wall of the second steel box 70.
Specifically, the second prefabricated lining structure 420 is similar to the first prefabricated lining structure 410, and will not be described herein.
Further, a first groove 610 and a first protrusion 620 are provided at both ends of the first casing in the longitudinal direction, respectively, and when the first casing is installed in the longitudinal direction, the first protrusion 620 at the end is inserted into the first groove 610 of the previous first casing, and the first groove 610 at the front end reserves a slot for the installation of the next first casing. Preferably, the first groove 610 and the first protrusion 620 are triangular, the opening and closing angle is 15 degrees, the joint thickness of the protrusion is 4cm, and the groove depth is 4.2cm. The second groove 710 and the second protrusion 720 are circumferentially arranged on the first box body, and the second groove 710 and the second protrusion 720 can be butted to realize installation.
The longitudinal direction and the annular direction of the second box body can be connected by adopting a groove and a bulge or by adopting a bolt connection mode, so long as the prefabrication assembly can be realized rapidly.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and drawings of the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The reconstruction and expansion construction method for the unilateral widening of the established tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, acquiring lining detection information and surrounding rock survey information of a built tunnel, and determining a starting paragraph of the built tunnel for reconstruction and expansion according to the lining detection information and the surrounding rock survey information, wherein the starting paragraph is positioned in a middle section of the built tunnel;
S2, carrying out reconstruction and expansion on the initial paragraph, and then carrying out advance support on the adjacent tunnel paragraphs in the first direction by utilizing the reconstructed and expanded initial paragraph and carrying out advance support on the adjacent tunnel paragraphs in the second direction by utilizing the reconstructed and expanded initial paragraph, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction;
S3, rebuilding and expanding the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the first direction and rebuilding and expanding the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the second direction to finish rebuilding and expanding the built tunnel.
2. The reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the reconstruction and expansion of the start paragraph in the step S2 specifically comprises the steps of:
S21, firstly removing an initial support of a non-widened region, expanding and digging to a design contour line, reserving the initial support of the widened region as a temporary supporting structure, and then spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surface of the non-widened region, wherein the arch wall region of the initial paragraph comprises the non-widened region and a plurality of widened regions which are sequentially connected along the circumferential direction of a tunnel;
S22, installing a first prefabricated lining structure matched with the non-widened area, wherein one end of the first prefabricated lining structure is overlapped with surrounding rock of the widened area, and the other end of the first prefabricated lining structure is overlapped at a tunnel arch foot;
s23, removing the primary support of the ith widened area, expanding and digging to a design contour line, reserving the primary support of the rest widened area as a temporary support structure, and spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surface of the ith widened area;
S24, installing a second prefabricated lining structure matched with the i-th widened area, wherein when the i-th widened area is the 1-th widened area, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-th widened area is connected with the first prefabricated lining structure, and the other end of the second prefabricated lining structure is lapped with surrounding rocks of the i+1th widened area, and entering a step S251, wherein i is more than or equal to 1, and i is a positive integer;
when i is greater than 1 and the i-th widened region is not the last widened region, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-th widened region is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-1 th widened region, the other end is overlapped with surrounding rock of the i+1-th widened region, and the step S251 is carried out;
When the i-th widened region is the last widened region, one end of the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-th widened region is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure of the i-1-th widened region, the other end is overlapped with the tunnel arch leg, and the step S252 is entered;
s251, punching a second system anchor rod through a second reserved hole to fix a second prefabricated lining structure of the ith widened area, assigning i+1 to i, and then entering step S23;
S252, a second system anchor rod is punched through a second reserved hole to fix a second prefabricated lining structure of the ith widened area, the original inverted arch structure is removed, the inverted arch structure is dug to a designed outline, and then the prefabricated inverted arch is applied, wherein one end of the prefabricated inverted arch is connected with the first prefabricated lining structure, and the other end of the prefabricated inverted arch is connected with the second prefabricated lining structure of the ith widened area.
3. The reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the reconstruction and expansion of the remaining tunnel segments in the first direction in the step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
S31, when the surrounding rock grade of the remaining tunnel section is greater than or equal to four grades, carrying out reconstruction and expansion on a first area and a second area of the remaining tunnel section of a preset circulating footage along the first direction, wherein the arch wall area of each remaining tunnel section is divided into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area which are positioned in the widened area in turn along the circumferential direction of the tunnel;
s32, rebuilding and expanding a third area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage along the first direction;
s33, rebuilding and expanding a fourth area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage along the first direction;
s34, removing the original inverted arch structure corresponding to the preset circulating feeding rule, expanding and digging to a design contour line, and then applying the prefabricated inverted arch corresponding to the preset circulating feeding rule;
And repeating the steps S31-S34 until the reconstruction and expansion of the remaining tunnel paragraphs in the first direction are completed.
4. A reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to claim 3, wherein the step S31 of reconstructing and expanding the first and second areas of the remaining tunnel section of the preset cyclic footage along the first direction comprises the steps of:
s311, firstly removing the primary supports of the first area of the current residual tunnel section, expanding and digging to the design contour line, then removing the primary supports of the second area, expanding and digging to the design contour line, and reserving the primary supports of the third area and the fourth area as temporary support structures;
S312, spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surfaces of the first area and the second area, and installing a first prefabricated lining structure matched with the first area and a second prefabricated lining structure matched with the second area;
s313, using the first prefabricated lining structure and the second prefabricated lining structure to form advance support so as to strengthen the first area and the second area of the next residual tunnel section;
And S314, repeating the steps S311-S313, and completing reconstruction and expansion of the first area and the second area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage.
5. A reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to claim 3, wherein said step S32 specifically comprises the steps of:
S321, removing primary supports of a third area of the current residual tunnel section, expanding and digging to a designed contour line, spraying concrete on the inner wall of surrounding rock of the third area, installing a second prefabricated lining structure matched with the third area, and then punching a second system anchor rod through the second reserved hole to fix the second prefabricated lining structure;
s322, a second prefabricated lining structure is utilized to form an advanced support to strengthen a third area of the next remaining tunnel section;
S323, repeating the steps S321-S322, and completing reconstruction and expansion of the third area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage.
6. A reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to claim 3, wherein said step S33 specifically comprises the steps of:
S331, removing an initial support of a fourth area of the current residual tunnel section, expanding and digging to a design contour line of the fourth area, spraying concrete on the inner wall of surrounding rock of the fourth area, installing a second prefabricated lining structure matched with the fourth area, and then punching a second system anchor rod through the second reserved hole to fix the second prefabricated lining structure;
S332, using the second prefabricated lining structure to form an advanced support to strengthen a fourth area of the next remaining tunnel section;
S333, repeating the steps S331-S332, and completing reconstruction and expansion of the fourth area of the remaining tunnel section of the preset circulating footage.
7. The reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the first prefabricated lining structure comprises a first steel box, a first grouting hole is formed in the inner wall of the first steel box, ultra-high-performance concrete is filled in the first steel box through the first grouting hole to form a first grouting structure layer, first reserved holes for a first system anchor rod to penetrate through are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the first steel box, the first reserved holes of the inner wall of the first steel box and the first reserved holes of the outer wall of the first steel box are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the first system anchor rod comprises a first anchoring end and a first locking end, the first anchoring end is anchored into surrounding rock after penetrating through the first reserved holes, and the first locking end is connected with the inner wall of the first steel box.
8. The reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to claim 7, wherein the second prefabricated lining structure comprises a second steel box, a second grouting hole is formed in the inner wall of the second steel box, ultra-high performance concrete is filled in the second steel box through the second grouting hole to form a second grouting structure layer, second reserved holes for a second system anchor rod to penetrate through are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the second steel box, the second reserved holes of the inner wall of the second steel box and the second reserved holes of the outer wall of the second steel box are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the second system anchor rod comprises a second anchoring end and a second locking end, the second anchoring end is anchored into surrounding rock after penetrating through the second reserved holes, and the second locking end is connected with the inner wall of the second steel box.
9. The reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-side widening of an established tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the step of spraying concrete on the surrounding rock wall surface of the i-th widened region in the step S23 specifically comprises the step of spraying C25 concrete 8cm thick on the surrounding rock wall surface of the i-th widened region.
10. A reconstruction and expansion construction method for single-sided widening of an established tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that the length of the start paragraph is set between 2-5 m and the length of each remaining tunnel segment is set between 2-6 m.
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