CN119234636A - Cultivation method of double harvest of off-season pepper - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seed seedling cultivation and vegetable planting, and discloses a double-harvest cultivation method of off-season peppers, comprising the following steps: (i) raising pepper seedlings and planting, from July to August, completing pepper seedling raising and field planting; (ii) picking peppers in the first season; (iii) pruning peppers, in mid-February of the following year, selecting sunny weather for pruning, retaining 3 to 5 healthy tender branches between the second branching and the fourth branching of the pepper plant, the tender branches retained are evenly distributed around, the branches at the center are not retained, and the remaining old branches are all cut off; in mid-to-late March, axillary buds, weak branches, diseased branches, and diseased leaves are wiped off on sunny days; (iv) picking peppers in the second season, from mid-April to late June of the following year, the harvesting and pulling time can be adjusted according to market conditions. This scheme provides a new technical scheme for the wintering cultivation of peppers in Chongqing and similar areas in China, improves the winter utilization rate of greenhouse facilities, improves the benefits of vegetable planting facilities, and ensures the balance of pepper supply and demand in this region.

Description

Double-harvest cultivation method for anti-season peppers

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seed seedling cultivation and vegetable planting, in particular to a double-harvest cultivation method for anti-season peppers.

Background

The capsicum is native in tropical areas of south and central america, is warm, is a annual or perennial herbaceous plant, is introduced into China in the later 16 th century, is cultivated in various places in China nowadays, is especially widely distributed in Yun Guichuan and other places, and becomes one of important vegetables which are indispensable on dining tables of residents in China in four seasons. Meanwhile, the capsicum can also be used as a medicine, and has the effects of warming middle-jiao, dispelling cold, descending qi, promoting digestion and the like.

However, due to low-temperature and low-sunlight winter in Chongqing areas, with damp, no local peppers are planted in winter generally, and most of the peppers in the foreign areas are supplied to winter markets. Specifically, chongqing belongs to subtropical monsoon climate areas, rainfall is abundant, and rainy and hot are in the same period, so that the method is very suitable for pepper growth in spring and summer. The method is suitable for the climate of the area, the peppers in Chongqing area are planted by spring stubbles, and planting for 2-3 months and harvesting for 5-8 months. However, the peppers planted in spring can not be continuously produced in the middle and late 9 months due to the fact that the conventional planting is high in temperature and serious in plant diseases and insect pests, so that the peppers do not go through winter. Therefore, the season-applied peppers are often concentrated in marketing time, large in supply quantity and not high in yield, and the anti-season market (such as 9 months-2 months of the next year) is occupied by the external peppers, so that the income of Chongqing local pepper farmers is low, and meanwhile, the demands of people on local fresh peppers in winter and spring cannot be met.

The prior art (a brief introduction of a technology for promoting cultivation of capsicum overwintering regeneration in a low-altitude area of Chongqing, chen Lei and the like, in southern agriculture, and in 2021, 15 volume of 28 period) discloses a technology for promoting cultivation of capsicum overwintering regeneration in a low-altitude area of Chongqing, which is characterized in that seedling is sowed in the middle and late 7 months, timely sowed, the capsicum in the middle and upper 10 months is timely harvested and marketed after being ripened, and then pruned in the sunny days from the middle and late 12 months to the lowest temperature in the middle and late 1 month of the next year, and then field management and topdressing are carried out, and the capsicum can be harvested and marketed again in the period of 4 months to 6 months, thereby realizing the capsicum overwintering regeneration. However, the prior art still has the following technical problems that (1) the hot pepper in the prior art can be harvested in the middle and upper 10 months, but is basically not produced in the upper 12 months, so that the harvesting time of the hot pepper is short and the yield is low, and (2) the hot pepper in the middle and upper 12 months to the middle and upper 1 month in the next year in Chongqing area has low temperature, the hot pepper basically stagnates and grows, and the hot pepper in the prior art is pruned at this time, so that the overwintering death rate is increased due to slow healing of wound, and the yield of the hot pepper in the second season is obviously reduced.

In view of the above, a method for cultivating double-harvest of anti-season peppers, which can realize continuous supply in winter and overwintering, is developed, so that the defects of the prior art are effectively overcome, and the double requirements of pepper farmers in Chongqing areas and fresh peppers eaten by residents are also met, and the method for cultivating the anti-season peppers has important significance in developing the cultivation method of the anti-season vegetables.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a double-harvest cultivation method for anti-season peppers, which aims to solve the technical problems that in the existing cultivation technology for overwintering regeneration of peppers in Chongqing areas, the first season peppers can be harvested only in the middle and upper 10 months, so that the harvest time of peppers is short and the yield is low.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the double-harvest cultivation method for the anti-season peppers comprises the following steps:

Firstly, pepper seedlings are grown and planted for 7 to 8 months, the seed soaking method before pepper seedling is finished is as follows, pepper seeds are soaked in warm water of 50 to 60 ℃ for 30 minutes, then soaked in gibberellin solution of 200mg/L for 8 hours, and then distilled water is used for washing 3 times, and the seeds are dried;

Picking the peppers in the first season, timely picking in the middle of 9 months to 11 months, and timely picking in the last of 11 months to 12 months according to market conditions;

thirdly, pruning and regenerating the capsicum, namely pruning in the middle 2 months of the next year, namely selecting sunny days, namely, pruning, namely, between the second branch (opposite to the pepper) and the fourth branch of a capsicum plant, reserving 3-5 healthy twigs, uniformly distributing the reserved twigs around, not reserving branches at the center, and cutting all the rest old twigs;

and (IV) picking the peppers in the second season, and adjusting the picking and seedling pulling time according to market conditions in the middle 4 th to the late 6 th of the next year.

The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows:

1. compared with the prior art of wintering and regenerating the peppers in Chongqing areas, the method breaks through the traditional pepper planting thought, obtains strong seedlings by optimizing seed soaking methods, effectively improves the yield by effectively advancing the first harvesting time in autumn, and utilizes greenhouse facilities to sleep in winter, and picks and supplies the market again after pruning and regenerating in early spring, so that the problems of centralized marketing, low price, low economic benefit and other pepper farmer income are not effectively solved, double harvesting of peppers can be effectively realized, the pepper yield is improved, the winter vegetable supply in areas is ensured, the daily demands of residents in Chongqing areas for eating fresh peppers are solved, and the unification of economic benefit and social demand is realized.

2. According to the scheme, the pepper seeds are soaked in warm water first and then soaked in gibberellin, the gibberellin is loosened to enter the seed coats, the gibberellin is enabled to enter the seed coats and directly act on the seed buds, the germination rate of pepper seed seedling cultivation is effectively improved, the germination period can be effectively shortened, the seedling age is shortened, the pepper seeds are harvested in the middle ten days of 9 months, the production efficiency is effectively improved, the market blank of 9 months is filled, and then the pepper yield and income are improved. Specifically, after the pepper seeds are treated by the pepper seed seedling raising method, pepper seedlings with 8-9 true leaves can be obtained after 30-35 d of seedling ages. In addition, the pepper seed pretreatment mode of this scheme cooperates suitable liquid manure management and nutrient soil proportion, effectively promotes the strong seedling effect of hot pepper seedling, and then effectively promotes the hot pepper output. The applicant finds through long-term experiments that if only water soaking is adopted, soaking for at least 12-24 hours is needed after soaking for 30 minutes in warm water to sow, if only gibberellin soaking is adopted, the germination rate is low, if gibberellin soaking is adopted and then water soaking is adopted, the emergence period is long, the first pepper harvesting time is prolonged, the market blank is not filled by harvesting in the middle of 9 months, and the economic benefit is reduced.

3. According to the scheme, the first season peppers are harvested in two stages, the first season peppers are harvested in time in the middle ten days of 9-11 months, so that multiple pepper plants can be obtained conveniently, the yield is improved, the temperature is lower in the middle ten days of 11 months to 12 months, green peppers can be left on the plants for a long time and cannot be aged, the harvesting time can be flexibly selected according to market conditions, the selling price of the peppers is improved, and the economic benefit is further improved. The applicant finds through long-term experiments that if the retention time of the peppers on plants is too long, if the peppers are harvested after the period of spring festival (1 month-2 months), the peppers are rotted due to freezing injury and cold injury caused by low temperature and high humidity in a greenhouse in winter, the quality of the peppers is affected if the peppers are light, the peppers cannot be harvested if the peppers are heavy, and the yield is reduced.

4. According to the scheme, in the double-harvest process of cultivating the anti-season peppers, through optimizing pruning regeneration time and reasonable pruning regeneration operation, the pepper plant regeneration speed is effectively improved, the result speed is accelerated, the second-season pepper harvesting time is advanced, the market blank can be filled, and the pepper farmer income can be effectively improved. Specifically, the method keeps the whole pepper plants before pruning and regeneration in the late 2 months, can reduce unnecessary nutrition consumption, enables the pepper plants to better cope with low-temperature environments, and then performs pruning and regeneration in the late 2 months, wherein the temperature is gradually warmed up, the wound healing period is shortened after pruning, no disinfectant such as carbendazim or chlorothalonil is required to be sprayed for disinfection, diseases can not occur, the germination speed of branches after pruning is high after the temperature is warmed up, the regeneration speed of the whole pepper is high, the harvesting time of the pepper in the second season can not be delayed, and the risk of a plurality of diseases and the management cost are reduced.

Specifically, in the research and development process of the applicant for years, pruning is tried in the last ten days of 1 month to the last ten days of 2 months, however, in Chongqing areas, the pepper can stop growing in the lower temperature of the time period, and after pruning, the pepper seedlings can grow slowly due to low temperature and slow growth speed of the pepper seedlings, so that the disease risk is increased, and the overwintering survival rate is reduced. After that, the applicant has tried to properly retain the central branches during pruning, however, if the central branches are retained, the overall ventilation effect of the branches is poor, the fruiting rate of the central branches is affected, and nutrition is wasted by retaining the central branches, so that the central branches cannot be lost. If too many surrounding branches are reserved, the vitality of pruning can be influenced due to the ageing of the branches after overwintering, so that the yield of the second-season capsicum is reduced. Once accidental opportunities, surrounding side branches are unintentionally broken off in the pepper pruning process, new branches grow out rapidly after the pepper plants are broken off, and the yield is improved compared with that of all branches after the scattered breathable branches are reserved, so that the applicant analyzes various reasons, forms a pruning regeneration mode in the scheme, remarkably improves the yield of the second season peppers, and further improves the economic benefit.

Preferably, as an improvement, in the seedling raising and planting of the hot peppers, the seedling raising is a greenhouse cooling bed plug substrate seedling raising, and comprises the following steps of sowing seed soaked and sterilized hot peppers in a plastic greenhouse covered with a sunshade net in the middle and late 7 months, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃ during seedling raising in a PS hard plastic plug with 50-72 holes filled with nutrient soil.

Preferably, as an improvement, the seedling age is 30-35 d, and the seedling can be planted in a selected day when the growth amount of the seedlings reaches 8-9 true leaves.

The seedling raising device has the beneficial effects that by adopting the arrangement, the seedling raising cost is effectively reduced, the number of seedlings formed in a unit area is increased, and the economic benefit is improved. The applicant finds through long-term experiments that if floating seedling is adopted, overgrowth seedlings can be easily formed due to high temperature and strong illumination during sowing and seedling raising, the yield of overgrowth seedlings can be reduced by more than 20%, if nutrition pot seedling raising is adopted, on one hand, the consumption of matrix is increased compared with that of plug seedling raising, labor force can be increased, the cost is high, and on the other hand, the number of seedlings formed by a seedling bed per unit area of nutrition pot seedling raising is 20-30% less than that of plug seedling raising.

Preferably, the nutrient soil comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass of 100:1, wherein the seedling substrate is turf, vermiculite, perlite and garden soil=3:1:1:1, the compound fertilizer is a potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, and the garden soil is soil in a field where solanaceous vegetable crops, fewer germs and fewer eggs are not planted in the previous crop according to the mass ratio of N:P:K=15:15:15.

The beneficial effects are that this scheme through adopting above-mentioned setting, effectively promotes seedling rate and seedling raising efficiency. The applicant finds through long-term experiments that if the content of the compound fertilizer is too high, root rot and seedling death are caused by fertilizer damage, if the content of turf in a seedling culture matrix is too low, growth of the pepper seedlings is slow due to insufficient water retention capacity, and if the content of turf is too high, hypoxia is caused due to poor permeability, the pepper seedlings grow poorly, if the content of vermiculite and perlite in the seedling culture matrix is too high, growth of the pepper seedlings is slow due to poor water retention, if the content of vermiculite and perlite is too low, insufficient air permeability is caused, root growth of the pepper seedlings is slow, if the content of garden soil in the seedling culture matrix is too high, matrix hardening is caused due to poor permeability, and if the content of garden soil is too low, growth of the pepper seedlings is slow due to poor water retention. If the content of the nitrogen fertilizer in the compound fertilizer is too high, the seedlings are not strong due to overgrowth of the pepper seedlings, if the content of the nitrogen fertilizer is too low, the pepper seedlings are yellow due to lack of the nitrogen fertilizer, weak seedlings are formed, if the content of the potassium fertilizer in the compound fertilizer is too high, the growth of the pepper seedlings is blocked due to too high salt concentration, and if the content of the potassium fertilizer is too low, the resistance of the pepper seedlings is reduced, and diseases are easy to occur.

Preferably, as an improvement, the method further comprises sterilizing after the nutrient soil is uniformly mixed, wherein each cubic meter of nutrient soil is sprayed with 400-500 mL of 40% formalin 50 times, turned over, uniformly stacked, and sealed for more than 48 hours by a plastic film for later use.

The beneficial effects are that by adopting the arrangement, the scheme is convenient for fully killing germs in the nutrient soil and improving the seedling quality.

Preferably, as an improvement, in (a) pepper seedling and planting, the planting includes the steps of:

firstly, preparing a compartment, namely disinfecting soil by quicklime in advance, regulating the pH value of the soil, fertilizing to increase the soil fertility, deep ploughing, fine harrowing and leveling, opening the compartment by 1.3-1.4 m, wherein the compartment height is 15-20 cm, the compartment surface width is 70cm, the compartment groove width is 60cm, and the groove depth is 18-22 cm, and covering the grooves and the compartments completely by a film for later use;

And secondly, field planting, namely 1800-2000 plants are planted per mu, double-row single plant field planting is carried out, the plant spacing is 45-55 cm, and the row spacing is 45-55 cm.

And thirdly, water and fertilizer management, namely immediately watering root fixing water once after field planting, and watering fertilizer water for the first time after 10-15 days, wherein the fertilizer is a high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer.

And fourthly, illumination and insect prevention management, namely covering a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 60% on the greenhouse and protecting the periphery of the greenhouse by using an insect prevention net with 40-60 meshes.

The pepper seedling cultivation method has the beneficial effects that by adopting the arrangement, the growth vigor and the pepper yield of pepper seedlings after being planted are effectively improved. The applicant finds through long-term experiments that if the first fertilization time interval after irrigating root-fixing water is too long, the pepper grows slowly due to lack of fertilizer, if the interval time is too short, fertilizer loss is caused by unsuccessful seedling reviving, if the nitrogen content of the fertilization fertilizer is too low, nutrition is lack to cause the growth potential difference of pepper plants, if the potassium content of the fertilization fertilizer is too high, normal growth of pepper seedlings is prevented due to too high salt concentration, if the shading rate of a shading net is too high, the pepper grows excessively due to lack of sunlight, if the shading rate is too low, the pepper grows excessively due to too high temperature, flower bud differentiation is poor, deformed fruits are formed, and the commodity of fruits is reduced.

And as the growing period of the overwintering cultivated peppers is long, the gray mold, epidemic disease and the like of the peppers are easy to be caused by low temperature and high humidity in winter, and proper thin planting can be realized, ventilation and light transmission can be better, the humidity in a greenhouse can be reduced, the photosynthesis efficiency can be improved, the occurrence of diseases can be reduced, the production cost can be reduced, and the yield and the output value can be increased. Through experiments, the reasonable density of the overwintering cultivation of the peppers is about 2000 plants/mu.

The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of planting, namely, field management, namely, 8-9 months, timely covering an awning, covering a sunshade net, keeping the temperature in a greenhouse to be 25-30 ℃, and ensuring the relative humidity to be 55-60%, timely applying secondary fertilizer water, wherein the fertilizer is a high-potassium water-soluble nutrition fertilizer, ensuring the normal growth of peppers, sealing greenhouse films, sealing the periphery of the greenhouse by films, preserving heat, and preventing freeze injury, and the method is used for comprehensively preventing and treating the pepper virus diseases, epidemic diseases, aphids, thrips and bemisia tabaci by combining a physical method and biological pesticides after discovery.

Preferably, as an improvement, the mass ratio of elements in the high-potassium type water-soluble nutrient fertilizer is N:P:K=14:14:30, the mass ratio of elements in the high-nitrogen type water-soluble nutrient fertilizer is N:P:K=32:10:10, and the mass concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water application process is 0.15% -0.2%.

The method has the beneficial effects that the scheme is used as a whole, and fertilizers with different nutritional compositions are respectively applied in the stages of nutritional growth and flowering and fruiting by selecting early maturing varieties, combining warm water gibberellin seed soaking and seedling raising, so that the maturation of the peppers is effectively accelerated, the peppers are harvested 15-20 days in advance, the market blank caused by low yield of the conventional planted peppers due to high temperature and serious diseases and insect pests in the middle and late 9 months is effectively filled, and the income of the peppers is effectively improved. The applicant finds through long-term experiments that if the content of elements in the fertilizer applied at each stage is the same (such as 15-15-15), the growing of the peppers is overabundant or weak due to the difference of macroelements required at different stages in the growing period of the peppers, and the falling of flowers and fruits are easy to cause, while if the content of the elements is overhigh, the growing of the pepper seedlings is weak or the fertilizer damage is caused due to salinization and hardening of soil, the yield and quality are reduced, and if the content of the fertilizer is overlow, the growing of the peppers is slow due to the insufficient nutrition of macroelements and the like, and the yield is reduced.

Preferably, as an improvement, after the first season of the second pepper is picked, the first season comprises the steps of protecting seedlings from overwintering in the last day of 12 months to 2 months of the second year, placing plant ash and/or quicklime in the greenhouse to reduce humidity, reducing the open time, selecting a sunny noon to assist in dehumidification, keeping the other times closed, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 10-15 ℃ and keeping the humidity at 70-80%.

The beneficial effects are that this scheme adopts above-mentioned setting, helps reducing the consumption, promotes the winter success rate of pepper plant seedling protection. The applicant finds through long-term experiments that if the humidity is too high in the seedling protection overwintering stage, yield reduction is caused by more gray mold and epidemic diseases, and if the temperature is too low, yield reduction of dead seedlings is caused by freezing injury of pepper growing points and blades.

Preferably, as an improvement, after pruning regeneration, the fertilizer water is timely applied after pruning, and the fertilizer is a high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer, and the pepper virus disease, epidemic disease, aphid, thrips and bemisia tabaci are concerned at the stage, and the comprehensive prevention and control are performed by combining a physical method and biological pesticides after discovery.

The technical effect is that the scheme is convenient for supplementing fertilizer and water for regenerated pepper plants, promoting the recovery and growth of the pepper plants and improving the growth vigor and yield of the pepper plants.

Preferably, as an improvement, the variety of the capsicum is a pepper variety with weak light resistance, good cold resistance, early maturation or early medium maturation, and medium and small fruit types, as a reference, a thin skin bell pepper variety such as Xulong or Yu Zai 13 is selected, and a wire pepper variety is lengthened by 16, a brilliant pepper 11 or a brilliant pepper 15 is selected.

The method has the technical effects that due to low temperature and less sunlight in Chongqing winter, the growth of the peppers is not facilitated, the variety with precocity and low temperature resistance and weak light is selected, the growth, flowering and fruiting of the pepper plants are facilitated, and the higher yield is obtained. According to the scheme, pepper varieties are all subjected to 3-4 years of experiments, wherein the pepper varieties such as lengthened 16 # pepper, 11 # pepper, 15 # pepper and the like are early maturing or early medium maturing, medium and small fruit types, fresh green peppers are all harvested, the low temperature weak light resistance is high, and ideal yield and benefit can be obtained according to the scheme. The applicant finds through long-term experiments that if intermediate-maturing (or intermediate-late maturing), large-fruit type and low-temperature weak light intolerant varieties are selected, the first-season harvest is delayed, the number of overwintering dead seedlings is large, the second-season harvest is also delayed, the marketability of pepper fruits is reduced (abnormal fruits are increased), and as a result, the harvest time is shortened, the yield is reduced, the marketability is poor, and the planting benefit is low.

According to the scheme, through combining the variety of the peppers which are early maturing or early middle maturing, proper seed soaking and seedling raising and proper water and fertilizer management in each stage, the first pepper harvesting time is effectively shortened, the peppers are picked to be marketed in the middle of 9 months, which is not followed by the conventional pepper yield, the peppers are effectively supplied to the market, the selling price of the peppers is improved, and then the overall income is improved.

In summary, the scheme is characterized in that the seedling raising, field planting and picking strategies are optimized, the conventional pepper is picked in the middle and late 9 months, which cannot be followed by the pepper yield, and the pepper is effectively supplied to the market, so that the pepper selling price is improved, the pruning regeneration time is optimized and the pruning regeneration operation is optimized after the pepper is picked in the first season, the pepper plant regeneration speed is effectively improved, the fruiting speed is accelerated, the pepper picking time in the second season is advanced, the market blank can be filled, and the pepper farmer income can be effectively improved. The scheme not only realizes double harvest of the peppers in autumn and winter and spring next year, but also effectively utilizes the winter idle greenhouse facilities, advances the technical development of agricultural facility resource utilization, and has important significance for considering the idle agricultural facility resource utilization and the cost reduction.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the seedling cultivation of the pepper sunshade net according to example 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a field diagram of the cultivation of strong pepper seedlings in example 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows the first season fruiting of capsicum in example 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a diagram of a pepper field in example 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 shows the situation in the greenhouse after pruning the peppers in example 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 shows the second season growing condition and fruiting condition of the pepper in example 7 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise indicated, the technical means used in the following examples and experimental examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents and the like used are all commercially available.

Protocol overview

The tested capsicum varieties, namely, lengthened No. 6, lengthened No. 16 and Xulong capsicum seeds are purchased from Jiu-Pacific seed industry Co., ltd. In North China, and the Yan jiao No. 11, yan jiao No. 13 and Yu jiao No. 13 capsicum seeds are purchased from Qingqing family optical seedling Co., ltd.

The test site is a region with the altitude below 500m and the low temperature (-5 ℃) time (accumulation is not more than 7-10 days), and the soil is required to be loose and fertile, and the PH value is required to be 6.25-7.21. For reference, the scheme specifically selects Qingyang county strong metallocene vegetable planting professional cooperation (examples 1-3, example 7, comparative examples 2-7), chongqing city agricultural academy of sciences test base (examples 4-6) and Bishan seven ponds Zhenxi Guan Cun (examples 8-9).

Turf, namely, denmark imported Pink peat soil, vermiculite with the specification of 1 mm-3 mm and perlite with the specification of 2 mm-4 mm;

The water and fertilizer integrated facility adopts a proportional mixing pump TF10.

Example 1

The scheme provides a double-harvest cultivation method for anti-season peppers, which comprises the following steps:

Firstly, cultivating and planting the capsicum, and finishing cultivation and field planting of the capsicum from 7 months to 8 months;

(1) The seedling raising is a greenhouse cooling bed plug substrate seedling raising, and comprises the following contents:

S1, selecting and soaking the variety of the capsicum, namely selecting the variety of the capsicum with weak light resistance, good cold resistance, early maturing or early medium maturing and medium maturing, and the type of the capsicum, as a reference, specifically selecting the variety of the cape jasmine such as Xylon or Yu Zai 13, selecting the variety of the red pepper to be lengthened by 16, the variety of the red pepper to be lengthened by 11 or the variety of the red pepper to be lengthened by 15, and specifically selecting the variety of the capsicum to be lengthened by 6 (red pepper) in the embodiment.

The scheme also provides a pepper seed soaking method which comprises the following steps of soaking pepper seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 30min, soaking the pepper seeds in gibberellin solution at 200mg/L for 8h, washing the pepper seeds with distilled water for 3 times, drying the pepper seeds, and keeping the temperature in a greenhouse at 25-30 ℃.

S2, preparing nutrient soil, namely mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite and garden soil into a seedling substrate according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1:1, mixing the seedling substrate and the three-safety compound fertilizer 15-15-15 (N-P-K) of the Shidanli according to the weight ratio of 100:1 into the nutrient soil, spraying 400-500 mL of 40% formalin 50 times liquid for each cubic meter of nutrient soil, stirring uniformly, piling up, and sealing by a plastic film for more than 48 for later use;

S3, sowing, namely sowing the seed-soaked and sterilized pepper seeds in a 50-72-hole PS hard plug tray filled with nutrient soil in a plastic greenhouse covered with a sunshade net in the middle and late 7 months, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃ during seedling culture.

The scheme also provides a pepper plug seedling method, which comprises the steps of enabling the humidity of a substrate to be 60-70%, pressing a disc after the substrate is filled, forming sowing holes which are 0.5-1 cm lower than the holes of the plug tray, sowing 1-2 grains (the proportion of sowing 2 grains is about 20%) in each hole, covering the substrate with 0.5-1 cm after sowing, covering the film after water is permeated, retaining water, timely uncovering the film when 50-60% of seeds are out of the soil, avoiding being Wen Shaomiao high, and enabling 1 seedling in each hole to be used in the process of seedling fixing.

After emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are subjected to moisture removal and heat preservation, ventilation time is properly increased, and the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at about 25 ℃. The main diseases in the seedling stage of the capsicum are damping-off, damping-off and gray mold, and can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of wettable powder of 75% chlorothalonil.

The seedling age is 30d to 35d, and when the seedling growth amount reaches 8 to 9 true leaves, the seedlings can be planted in a selected day.

(2) The planting method comprises the following steps:

Preparing soil 20 days before transplanting, namely preparing soil, applying 200 jin of quicklime to disinfect soil, regulating the pH value of the soil, applying 500kg of X3 series bio-organic fertilizer for ecological engineering in jaw, applying 50kg of Schdanli three-an compound fertilizer 19-19-19, deep ploughing, fine harrowing and leveling, opening the compartment 1.3-1.4 m, carrying out compartment height of 15 cm-20 cm, compartment face width of 70cm, compartment groove width of 60cm and groove depth of 18 cm-22 cm, and covering the grooves and the compartments by a coating film for standby;

And secondly, field planting, namely 1800-2000 plants are planted per mu, double-row single plant field planting is carried out, the plant spacing is 45-55 cm, and the row spacing is 45-55 cm.

And thirdly, water and fertilizer management, namely immediately irrigating root fixing water once by using a water and fertilizer integrated facility after field planting, and applying fertilizer water for the first time by using the water and fertilizer integrated facility after 10-15 d, wherein the fertilizer is high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrition fertilizer, and the mass concentration of the fertilizer is 0.15% -0.2%. As a reference, the scheme specifically selects the major element water-soluble nutrient fertilizer of Anpasture as the high nitrogen type 32-10-10 (N-P-K).

And fourthly, illumination and insect prevention management, namely covering a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 60% on the greenhouse and protecting the periphery of the greenhouse by using an insect prevention net with 40-60 meshes.

(3) And (3) field management:

And (3) timely opening the awning and covering the sunshade net for 8-9 months, keeping the temperature in the awning at 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity at 55-60%, and timely applying secondary fertilizer water, wherein the fertilizer is a high-potassium water-soluble nutrition fertilizer, and the mass concentration of the fertilizer is 0.15-0.2%, so that the normal growth of the peppers is ensured. As a reference, the scheme specifically selects the high-potassium type 14-14-30 (N-P-K) of the water-soluble fertilizer with the major elements of the Schdanli. And sealing the greenhouse film for 10-12 months, sealing the periphery of the greenhouse by using a film, preserving heat and preventing freeze injury, wherein in the stage, the capsicum virus disease, epidemic disease, aphid, thrips and bemisia tabaci are concerned, and the physical method and biological pesticide are combined for comprehensive control after discovery.

And (II) picking the peppers in the first season, timely picking in the middle of 9 months to 11 months, and timely picking in the last 11 months to 12 months according to market conditions. Because the temperature is lower in the last ten days of 11 months to 12 months, the green and cooked peppers can be left on the plants for a long time without aging, the harvesting time can be flexibly selected, and if the peppers are left on the plants for too long, the quality of the peppers can be influenced due to freezing injury and cold injury rotting.

The seedlings are protected to survive winter in the last 2 months of the following year, the open time is reduced, the open awning is selected to be dehumidified in sunny days, the other times are kept closed, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 10-15 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%;

and thirdly, pruning and regenerating the capsicum, namely pruning the capsicum for the first time in the middle 2 months of the next year, selecting sunny days for pruning, reserving 3-5 healthy twigs between the second twigs (opposite to the capsicum) and the fourth twigs of the capsicum plant, uniformly distributing the reserved twigs around, not reserving branches at the center, cutting all the rest old twigs, and sterilizing once by using a fungus-hundred-removing fumigant in time after pruning to avoid wound infection of germs. Then, dressing water (as a reference, specifically, a large amount of element water-soluble nutrient fertilizer of Anpasture, namely 32-10-10 mass percent and 0.15% -0.2 mass percent) is adopted in time, secondary pruning is carried out in the middle and late ten days of 3 months, axillary buds, weak branches, diseased branches and diseased leaves are wiped off in sunny days, and after pruning, the plant is also required to be sterilized once by a chlorothalonil fumigant in time, so that wound infection bacteria is avoided.

At this stage, aphids, thrips, epidemic diseases and virus diseases are concerned, and the aphids, thrips, epidemic diseases and virus diseases are discovered and then combined with a physical method and biological pesticides to carry out comprehensive control.

And (IV) picking the peppers in the second season, and adjusting the picking and seedling pulling time according to market conditions in the middle 4 th to the late 6 th of the next year.

Examples 2 to 9

Examples 2 to 9 are different from example 1 in that the selected pepper varieties are lengthened 16, red pepper 11, red pepper 13, yu jiao 13, xulong, lengthened 16, yu jiao 13 and Xulong in this order.

Comparative example 1

And adopting conventional spring planting in Chongqing areas, namely planting for 3 months and harvesting for 5-7 months.

In the comparative example, the present Chongqing area is affected by the weather such as heavy rain, continuous high temperature, etc., the yield of the conventional planted peppers is obviously reduced, and the price is raised.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example is different from example 7 in that pepper seeds are soaked in warm water of 50 to 60 ℃ for 30min, and then soaked in normal temperature water for 12h. Simultaneously, pruning is carried out by adopting 12 months to 1 month in the next year, and all branches above four drawers are cut off.

Comparative example 3

The comparative example is different from example 7 in that pepper seeds are soaked in warm water of 50 to 60 ℃ for 30min, and then soaked in normal temperature water for 12h. Simultaneously, all small branches are cut off in the late 2 months, only the trunk branches are kept, and all small side branches below the trunk branches are cut off in summer.

Comparative example 4

The comparative example differs from example 7 in that a nutrition pot was used for raising seedlings. Simultaneously, all small branches are cut off in the late 2 months, only the trunk branches are kept, and all small side branches below the trunk branches are cut off in summer.

Comparative example 5

The comparative example differs from example 7 in that a nutrition pot was used for raising seedlings. Simultaneously, pruning is carried out in 12 months to 1 month in the next year, and all branches above four drawers are cut off.

Comparative example 6

This comparative example differs from example 7 in that floating seedlings were used. Simultaneously, all small branches are cut off in the late 2 months, only the trunk branches are kept, and all small side branches below the trunk branches are cut off in summer.

Comparative example 7

This comparative example differs from example 7 in that floating seedlings were used. Simultaneously, pruning is carried out by adopting 12 months to 1 month in the next year, and all branches above four drawers are cut off.

Wherein, the comparative examples 2-7 are all finished in a greenhouse in 2023-2024.

Experimental example 1 Pepper yield value in this scheme

The cost, yield (total yield), selling price (average value), mu yield were compared for examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 1, and the results are shown in table 1.

Experimental data show that by adopting the method for cultivating the double-harvest of the anti-season peppers in the scheme, the yield of the anti-season peppers is effectively improved, especially 2023-2024 years, the average acre yield reaches more than 3300kg, the average price reaches 3.60-4.00 yuan/jin, the acre yield value reaches 25000 yuan, and the economic benefits of pepper farmers are remarkably improved. Meanwhile, the scheme provides a new technical scheme for the wintering cultivation of peppers in Chongqing and domestic similar areas, improves the winter utilization rate of the facility greenhouse, improves the planting benefit of the facility vegetables, and ensures the supply and demand balance of peppers in the areas.

Experimental example 2 the detection results of each index in the pepper planting process in example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 7 are shown in Table 2.

Experimental data show that according to the scheme, the pepper seeds are soaked in warm water first and then soaked in gibberellin, the gibberellin is convenient to enter the seed coats to loosen the seed coat barriers and directly act on the seed buds, so that the germination rate of pepper seed seedling cultivation is effectively improved, the germination period is effectively shortened, the seedling age is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved. The scheme of 'soaking in warm water first and then soaking in gibberellin' can achieve a good effect under the condition of short gibberellin soaking time, and compared with the scheme of 'soaking in warm water first and then soaking in gibberellin', the scheme of 'soaking in warm water first' can also effectively reduce the dosage of gibberellin and reduce the cost.

The applicant finds that the seed soaking mode and the seedling raising method of the capsicum seeds in the seedling raising stage and the pruning time and the pruning mode in the pruning stage can obviously influence the growth state and the yield of capsicum when optimizing the capsicum double-harvest method. Specifically, when the seed soaking is performed by adopting a mode of soaking the seed in warm water for 30min and then soaking the seed in water for 12h at normal temperature (such as comparative examples 2-3), the seedling yield and the strong seedling rate of the pepper seedlings are obviously reduced, the seedling quality is reduced, and the seedling forming period is prolonged to Miao Tianshu, so that the pepper planting period is prolonged, and the first pepper harvesting time is further prolonged. The inventor analyzes that the reason is that the warm water soaking can effectively loosen the seed coat barrier, the subsequent normal-temperature water soaking can achieve the effect of promoting germination to a certain extent, but the stimulus of gibberellin is lacking, so that the whole germination rate of the capsicum seeds is reduced, and the seedling period is prolonged. And the seedling raising by using a nutrition pot (such as comparative examples 4-5) or the seedling raising by using a floating seedling raising (such as comparative examples 6-7) can prolong the seedling forming period, delay the first harvesting time, and the floating seedling raising can also form overgrown seedlings, so that the seedlings are not strong, and the yield is reduced. In particular, when floating seedling is adopted, excessive seedlings are easy to form due to high temperature and strong illumination during sowing and seedling raising, but the yield is reduced by more than 20%, when nutrition pot seedling raising is adopted, the seedling raising period is long, compared with plug seedling raising, the substrate consumption and labor force are increased, the cost is high, in addition, the seedling forming amount of the seedling bed per unit area of the nutrition pot seedling raising is 20-30% less than the quantity of the plug seedling raising, and the space cost is increased.

In the pruning stage, when the pruning is carried out by adopting a mode of pruning for 12 months to 1 month in the next year, all branches above four drawers are cut off (such as comparative examples 2,5 and 7), the seedlings are used for winter, the morbidity is increased easily due to slow healing of wound, and the rate of dead seedlings in winter is also increased remarkably. And when all branches are pruned in the late 2 months, only the trunk branches are reserved, and all small side branches below the trunk branches are pruned in summer (such as comparative examples 3,4 and 6), even if the large seedlings pass winter, the pruning mode reserves all trunks, the incidence rate is increased due to too dense, the winter death rate is increased, and malformed fruits are more likely to appear to reduce the total quality of the peppers.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application, and specific technical solutions and/or features that are well known in the art have not been described in detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present application, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the practical applicability of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The double harvest cultivation method of the anti-season peppers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

Firstly, pepper seedlings are grown and planted for 7 to 8 months, the seed soaking method before pepper seedling is finished is as follows, pepper seeds are soaked in warm water of 50 to 60 ℃ for 30 minutes, then soaked in gibberellin solution of 200mg/L for 8 hours, and then distilled water is used for washing 3 times, and the seeds are dried;

Picking the peppers in the first season, timely picking in the middle of 9 months to 11 months, and timely picking in the last of 11 months to 12 months according to market conditions;

thirdly, pruning and regenerating the capsicum, namely pruning in the middle 2 months of the next year, namely selecting sunny days, namely, pruning, namely, between the second branch (opposite to the pepper) and the fourth branch of a capsicum plant, reserving 3-5 healthy twigs, uniformly distributing the reserved twigs around, not reserving branches at the center, and cutting all the rest old twigs;

and (IV) picking the peppers in the second season, and adjusting the picking and seedling pulling time according to market conditions in the middle 4 th to the late 6 th of the next year.

2. The method for cultivating double-harvest peppers in reverse season according to claim 1, wherein in the first pepper seedling cultivation and planting, the seedling cultivation is greenhouse cold bed plug substrate seedling cultivation, and the method comprises the following steps of sowing seed of pickled peppers in a plastic greenhouse covered with a sunshade net in the middle and late 7 months, sowing seed of pickled peppers in a 50-72-hole PS hard plug with nutrient soil, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃ during seedling cultivation, and planting seedlings in a days when the seedling age reaches 30-35 d and the seedling growth amount reaches 8-9 true leaves.

3. The double-harvest cultivation method of the reverse-season peppers, which is characterized in that the nutrient soil comprises, by mass, 100 parts of seedling raising substrates and 1 part of compound fertilizer, wherein the seedling raising substrates are turf, vermiculite, perlite, garden soil = 3:1:1:1, the compound fertilizer is a potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, and N: P: K = 15:15:15, and the garden soil is soil in a land block with no solanaceous vegetable crop, fewer germs and fewer worm eggs.

4. The method for cultivating double-harvest anti-season peppers according to claim 3, wherein the method further comprises sterilizing after the nutrient soil is uniformly mixed, wherein 40% formalin 50 times per cubic meter of nutrient soil is sprayed 400-500 mL, the nutrient soil is uniformly turned over, stacked flat, and sealed for more than 48 hours by a plastic film for later use.

5. The method for cultivating double-harvest pepper in opposite seasons according to claim 1, wherein the cultivating comprises the following steps:

firstly, preparing a compartment, namely disinfecting soil by quicklime in advance, regulating the pH value of the soil, fertilizing to increase the soil fertility, deep ploughing, fine harrowing and leveling, opening the compartment by 1.3-1.4 m, wherein the compartment height is 15-20 cm, the compartment surface width is 70cm, the compartment groove width is 60cm, and the groove depth is 18-22 cm, and covering the grooves and the compartments completely by a film for later use;

And secondly, field planting, namely 1800-2000 plants are planted per mu, double-row single plant field planting is carried out, the plant spacing is 45-55 cm, and the row spacing is 45-55 cm.

And thirdly, water and fertilizer management, namely immediately watering root fixing water once after field planting, and watering fertilizer water for the first time after 10-15 days, wherein the fertilizer is a high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer.

And fourthly, illumination and insect prevention management, namely covering a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 60% on the greenhouse and protecting the periphery of the greenhouse by using an insect prevention net with 40-60 meshes.

6. The double-harvest cultivation method of the anti-season peppers, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of carrying out field management after planting, wherein the cultivation method comprises the steps of timely covering a sunshade net, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity at 55-60% in 8-9 months, timely applying secondary fertilizer water, wherein the fertilizer is high-potassium water-soluble nutrition fertilizer, ensuring the normal growth of the peppers, sealing the greenhouse film, sealing the periphery of the greenhouse by a film, preserving heat and preventing freeze injury, and the like, wherein the pepper virus disease, the epidemic disease, the aphid, the thrips and the bemisia tabaci are paid attention to at the stage, and the comprehensive prevention and the treatment are carried out by combining a physical method and a biological pesticide after discovery.

7. The method for cultivating double-harvest capsicum in reverse season according to claim 1, wherein after picking the capsicum in first season, the method comprises the steps of protecting seedlings from winter in the last ten days of 12 months to 2 months of the second year, placing plant ash and/or quicklime in a greenhouse to reduce humidity, reducing open time, selecting open-air to assist in dehumidification in sunny days, keeping the other times closed, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 10-15 ℃ and keeping the humidity at 70-80%.

8. The method for cultivating double-harvest anti-season peppers according to claim 1, wherein after pruning regeneration, fertilizer water is applied in time, and the fertilizer is high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer, and the method is characterized in that the pepper virus disease, epidemic disease, aphid, thrips and bemisia tabaci are concerned at the stage, and the physical method and biological pesticide are combined for comprehensive control after discovery.

9. The method for cultivating double-harvest reverse-season peppers according to claim 6 or 8, wherein the mass ratio of elements in the high-potassium type water-soluble nutrient fertilizer is N:P=14:14:30, the mass ratio of elements in the high-nitrogen type water-soluble nutrient fertilizer is N:P=32:10:10, and the mass concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water application process is 0.15% -0.2%.

10. The method for cultivating double-harvest of anti-season peppers according to claim 1, wherein the peppers are of the type of weak light, cold, early-maturing, middle-maturing, or medium-small fruits, as a reference, a bell pepper variety such as Xylon or Yu Zanthoxylum 13 is selected, and a line pepper variety is lengthened by 16, a gorgon pepper 11, or a gorgon pepper 15 is selected.