CN119216332B - An integrated device and method for solid-liquid separation and residual carbon sorting and recovery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an integrated device and method with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery, and relates to the field of dehydration treatment. The integrated device comprises a vacuum tank main body, a feeding mechanism, a heating mechanism, a vacuum mechanism, a back-blowing mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein the vacuum tank main body comprises a vacuum tank, a driving motor and a spiral blade, the driving motor is installed at the top of the vacuum tank and connected with the spiral blade, the spiral blade is arranged in the vacuum tank, the vacuum tank is provided with a vacuumizing port and a filtrate port, the vacuumizing port and the filtrate port are both provided with filters, the feeding mechanism is communicated with the vacuum tank, the heating mechanism is arranged on the outer wall or the inner wall of the vacuum tank, the vacuum mechanism is communicated with the vacuum tank, the discharging mechanism is respectively communicated with a side discharging port, a lower discharging port and the filtrate port, and the back-blowing mechanism is respectively communicated with the vacuumizing port and the filtrate port. The invention can simultaneously realize the purposes of solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation, shortens the process flow, and greatly reduces the equipment investment, the operation cost and the labor intensity of personnel.

Description

Integrated device and method with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of dehydration treatment, in particular to an integrated device and method with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions.

Background

The problem of dewatering solid waste is common in the treatment of municipal sewage and industrial wastewater treatment plants producing sludge and other solid waste of similar water content to that of sludge. Generally, the solid waste with the water content of more than 90% is required to be dehydrated and reduced in volume firstly so as to be convenient for packaging, transportation and subsequent recycling.

In the field of coal chemical industry, coal gasification is a tap device of the coal chemical industry, and a plurality of operation devices are arranged in multiple provinces and cities such as northeast, northwest and the like in a coal gasification device in China, but liquid-carrying waste residues generated after gasification bring great negative influence on ecological environment. Due to the fact that the water content in the slag is high, continuous water draining is performed in the loading process, the environment of a slag water loading area is poor, and meanwhile a large amount of water resources and residual carbon resources in the waste slag are wasted, so that dehydration treatment is needed.

The coal gasification filter cake (gasification slag) is a typical fine-grained material, and the solid-liquid separation, dehydration and desiccation technologies of the fine-grained material are more in China at the present stage, and many technologies are put into practical application, including a vacuum belt filter press, a spiral shell stacking machine, a plate-and-frame filter press and the like, and a heating type vacuum plate-and-frame filter press combining the vacuum belt filter press, the frame filter press and the steam drying technology.

The vacuum belt filter press adopts a fixed vacuum box, an adhesive tape slides on the vacuum box, a moving seal structure is formed between the vacuum box and the adhesive tape, and the vacuum negative pressure is used as a driving force to realize solid-liquid separation. Structurally, the filtering sections are arranged along the horizontal length direction, so that the process operations of filtering, discharging slag, cleaning filter cloth and the like can be continuously completed.

The plate-frame filter press is composed of filter plates and filter frames which are alternately arranged. The two sides of the filter frame are clamped in the middle by the filter cloth, the two ends are fixed by clamping plates. Grooves are formed on the plates and the frames and are connected with the mud inlet holes to form a conduit. During filtration, mud is pumped into the filter by a pump, the mud is led into the spaces of each filter frame respectively, the filtrate passes through the filter cloth and is collected in a liquid discharge pipe along the grooves of the filter plates to be discharged, and the filter cakes are remained in the frames. When one operation is completed, the filter press automatically pulls the root plate open, and the filter cake is discharged. In the design structure, two main beams connect the fixed plate and the pressing mechanism together to form a frame. The filter plates and the filter frames are alternately arranged between the fixed plate and the movable pressing plate in sequence, and the annular filter cloth is wound and clamped between the plates and the frames. The pressing mechanism drives the movable plate to drive the filter plate and the filter frame to walk on the main beam so as to press and pull the plate frame apart. The periphery of the filter plate and the filter frame are provided with lug holes, and the plate frame is tightly pressed to form a water flow channel (with two designs of a dark channel and an open flow). The main machine is provided with a mud inlet, a high-pressure water inlet, a filtrate outlet and pressure drying, forward blowing, reverse blowing and compressed air channels. Between the filter frame and the filter plate, for draining the filtrate and supporting the press-dried filter cake.

Vacuum type drying equipment is also a common name of equipment, and has different application requirements in the industries of chemical industry, pharmacy, food and the like, and the structural forms of the equipment are different, but the deep dehydration treatment is carried out on the materials by utilizing the principle that water in the materials is subjected to phase change under the vacuum condition. Therefore, the material water treated by the technology has lower water content and better dehydration performance than the water content treated by the conventional equipment such as a traditional belt filter, a plate-and-frame filter press or a centrifugal separator.

For the coal gasification process, the coal gasification black water sedimentation tank has low underflow concentration and small particle size, and particles belong to a porous structure, have 20-40% of residual carbon, have high inherent moisture and high material filtering and drying difficulty, cannot further reduce the moisture of filter residues by common filter cake filtering equipment and process, have poor treatment effect, and cannot synchronously recycle the residual carbon contained in the filter cake.

At present, the conventional practice of dehydrating a coal gasification filter cake is to use a belt type vacuum filter for treatment, and the process is to absorb the water in gasified fine ash which is adhered to a filter cake layer and contains high-concentration water by a vacuum system and form the filter cake. The process has the following defects that firstly, a filter cake layer is in direct contact with the atmosphere, the vacuum degree is low, the energy consumption is high, and secondly, phase change does not exist in the dehydration process, the moisture in a fine ash pore canal is difficult to remove, and the moisture is still kept at about 60% after gasified fine ash is processed by a vacuum filter. In order to further reduce the water content in the fine ash, enterprises try to adopt a decanter centrifuge to carry out dehydration treatment of gasified fine ash, and the decanter centrifuge has higher efficiency on separating water relative to a belt vacuum filter under the action of centrifugal force, but the water in a fine ash pore canal is still difficult to further remove because no phase change is generated in the dehydration process.

After the vacuum filtration and centrifugal dehydration methods are tried, the effect is not ideal, and if the water content in the fine ash is further reduced, the water phase is changed to thoroughly solve the problem of fine ash dehydration. Therefore, the operation experience of enterprises combining a vacuum belt filter and a plate-and-frame filter press is improved by adopting a heating type vacuum plate-and-frame filter press, but the technology has the defects that firstly, the structure is more complex and the operation and maintenance difficulties are greater than those of a conventional filter press by adopting a plate-and-frame design of a pressing diaphragm and a heating diaphragm, secondly, a hot water heating system is increased compared with the vacuum belt filter and the conventional plate-and-frame filter press, on one hand, the energy consumption of the device is higher, the service lives of filter cloth and spare parts of the device are reduced, thirdly, the spare parts and auxiliary equipment of the system are more, and the occupied area and the investment cost of the device are high.

Therefore, in order to comprehensively solve the problems of low dehydration efficiency and high energy consumption of the fine slag materials, no matter which dehydration mode is adopted, the effective separation and recycling of the carbon residues in the filter cake cannot be integrated and synchronously performed, the filter cake which is not separated is relatively low in carbon residues, high in ash content and low in heat value, the comprehensive utilization cannot be effectively realized, and the resource waste is caused (or the equipment investment of the subsequent reuse is increased and the technological process is also required to be lengthened).

In view of this, the present invention has been made.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at providing a method for separating and recovering solid and liquid and separating and recovering carbon residues, which is simple and feasible, low in investment and operation cost, small in maintenance amount and high in performance, and effectively solves the problems of high water content, long separation and utilization flow and large investment in the traditional coal gasification fine slag treatment.

Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:

In a first aspect, the invention provides an integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions, which comprises a vacuum tank main body, a feeding mechanism, a heating mechanism, a vacuum mechanism, a back blowing mechanism and a discharging mechanism;

The vacuum tank main body comprises a vacuum tank, a driving motor and a helical blade, wherein the driving motor is arranged at the top of the vacuum tank and connected with the helical blade, the helical blade is arranged in the vacuum tank, the vacuum tank is provided with a feed inlet, a side discharge outlet, a lower discharge outlet, a vacuumizing port and a filtrate port, and the vacuumizing port and the filtrate port are both provided with filters;

The feeding mechanism is communicated with the feeding port of the vacuum tank and used for conveying water-containing materials into the vacuum tank, the heating mechanism is arranged on the outer wall or the inner wall of the vacuum tank and used for heating the vacuum tank, the vacuum mechanism is communicated with the vacuumizing port of the vacuum tank and used for vacuumizing the vacuum tank, the discharging mechanism is respectively communicated with the side discharging port, the lower discharging port and the filtrate port and used for discharging materials in the vacuum tank, and the blowback mechanism is respectively communicated with the vacuumizing port and the filtrate port and used for carrying out blowback anti-blocking on the filter and simultaneously enabling the materials in the vacuum tank to be in a suspension fluidization state.

In an alternative embodiment, the helical blade comprises a blade rotating counter-clockwise from top to bottom, the direction of travel of the helical blade being clockwise;

Preferably, the upper part of the vacuum tank is cylindrical, the lower part of the vacuum tank is conical, the diameters of the upper parts of the spiral blades are the same, the diameters of the lower parts of the spiral blades are gradually reduced, and the edges of the spiral blades are close to the inner wall of the vacuum tank and are arranged at intervals;

Preferably, the pitch of the helical blade is 20-200mm;

preferably, the rotational speed of the screw controller is 10-200rpm.

In an alternative embodiment, the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper, a feeding pipeline and a feeding valve, wherein one end of the feeding pipeline is communicated with the hopper, the other end of the feeding pipeline is communicated with the vacuum tank, and the feeding valve is arranged on the feeding pipeline;

Preferably, the feeding mechanism is at least one, the vacuum tank body is also at least one, one feeding mechanism is communicated with a plurality of vacuum tank bodies, and one vacuum tank body is communicated with a plurality of feeding mechanisms.

In an alternative embodiment, the heating mechanism comprises a heat source inlet, a heat source wall and a heat source outlet, the heat source wall is arranged on the outer wall or the inner wall of the vacuum tank, and two sides of the heat source wall are respectively communicated with the heat source inlet and the heat source outlet;

Preferably, the heat source wall is a coil or a compartment;

Preferably, the outer wall of the heat source wall is provided with a heat preservation and insulation layer;

preferably, the heat source in the heat source wall comprises at least one of steam, hot water, heat transfer oil, electric hot plates, flue gas, plant exhaust steam and condensate.

In an alternative embodiment, the vacuum mechanism comprises a vacuum tube, a vacuum pump, a heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separation tank and a condensate tank, wherein one end of the vacuum tube is communicated with the vacuumizing port, the other end of the vacuum tube is communicated with the heat exchanger, the vacuum pump is arranged on the vacuum tube, the outlet end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the gas-liquid separation tank, and the condensate port of the gas-liquid separation tank is communicated with the condensate tank.

In an alternative embodiment, the back-flushing mechanism comprises a back-flushing pipeline, a first back-flushing branch line, a second back-flushing branch line and a back-flushing valve, wherein the back-flushing pipeline is communicated with the first back-flushing branch line and the second back-flushing branch line at the same time, the first back-flushing branch line is communicated with the vacuumizing port, the second back-flushing branch line is communicated with the filtrate port, and the back-flushing valve is arranged on the back-flushing pipeline;

preferably, the flow rate of the blowback gas in the blowback line is 5m/s to 30m/s.

In an alternative embodiment, the discharge mechanism comprises a side discharge pipeline, a lower discharge pipeline, a primary filter pipeline and a filtrate storage tank, wherein the side discharge pipeline is communicated with the side discharge port, a side discharge valve is arranged on the side discharge pipeline, the lower discharge pipeline is communicated with the lower discharge port, a lower discharge valve is arranged on the lower discharge pipeline, one end of the primary filter pipeline is communicated with the filtrate port, the other end of the primary filter pipeline is communicated with the filtrate storage tank, and a filtrate valve is arranged on the primary filter pipeline.

In an alternative embodiment, 2-6 filtrate ports are provided, and each filtrate port is provided with the filter;

preferably, the filter is a metallic filter, a non-metallic filter, or a fibrous filter.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for separating and recovering solid and liquid and separating and recovering carbon residue, which is performed by the integrated device for separating and recovering solid and liquid and separating and recovering carbon residue according to any one of the above embodiments, the method comprising:

(1) The method comprises the steps of preliminary filtering, namely, introducing high-moisture materials into a vacuum tank through a feeding mechanism, closing a side discharge hole, a lower discharge hole and a back-flushing mechanism, opening a filtrate hole, starting a driving motor, enabling a spiral blade to rotate and drive the high-moisture materials in the vacuum tank to rotate and lift, and discharging external moisture in the high-moisture materials through the filtrate hole in the feeding process;

(2) After the feeding is finished, closing the feeding port and the filtrate port, starting the heating mechanism to heat the vacuum tank, and simultaneously opening the vacuum mechanism to vacuumize the vacuum tank, wherein the water adsorbed by the high-water-content material and the internal water in the capillary tube are gasified and released;

(3) And after the vacuum drying and dewatering are finished, closing the vacuum mechanism, opening the side discharge hole, the lower discharge hole, the vacuum hole, the filtrate hole and the back blowing mechanism, and enabling the dried materials in the vacuum tank to be in a suspension fluidization state by back blowing to a filter of the filtrate hole by the back blowing mechanism, wherein the spiral blades continuously rotate, so that light component carbon residues and fine materials in the dried materials are discharged from the side discharge hole, and heavy components and coarse materials are discharged from the lower discharge hole.

In an alternative embodiment, the high moisture content material has a moisture content of 70% or less;

preferably, when the water content of the high-moisture material is greater than 70%, a solid-liquid separation device is further arranged before the integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery, and the high-moisture material is firstly treated by the solid-liquid separation device until the water content is below 70%, and then enters the integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery.

The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the invention include, for example:

The integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery provided by the invention firstly utilizes the spiral blades to disperse materials and discharge external water from the filtrate port, then heats and heats the liquid-containing materials according to the principle of pressure reduction and water boiling point reduction, and simultaneously reduces the space pressure in a sealed space for processing the materials to form negative pressure, so that the moisture carried on the surfaces of the materials and the internal water in the gaps of the materials are subjected to phase change vaporization, and the purpose of efficiently removing the moisture is achieved. The dried and dehydrated material presents a suspension fluidization state under the dual action of the back-blowing gas and the helical blade, so that the separation and recycling of light and heavy components after drying are realized. Wherein, the light component carbon residue and the fine material in the dried material are discharged from the side discharge port, and the heavy component and the coarse material are discharged from the lower discharge port. The implementation of the technology can realize the recovery of light component carbon residue in the gasified filter cake, so that the carbon content in the side-outlet materials is improved from 20-40% to 50-70%, the carbon residue resources in the filter cake are greatly recovered, the purposes of solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation of the gasified filter cake are realized on one set of equipment, the process flow is shortened, and the equipment investment, the running cost and the labor intensity of personnel are greatly reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vacuum tank main body in an integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

The icons are 100-an integrated device with solid-liquid separation and residual carbon separation and recovery, 110-a vacuum tank main body, 111-a vacuum tank, 112-a driving motor, 113-a spiral blade, 114-a feeding port, 115-a side discharging port, 116-a lower discharging port, 117-a vacuumizing port, 118-a filtrate port, 119-a filter, 120-a feeding mechanism, 121-a hopper, 122-a feeding pipeline, 123-a feeding valve, 130-a heating mechanism, 131-a heat source inlet, 132-a heat source wall, 133-a heat source outlet, 140-a vacuum mechanism, 141-a vacuum tube, 142-a vacuum pump, 143-a heat exchanger, 144-a gas-liquid separation tank, 145-a condensate tank, 150-a blowback mechanism, 151-a blowback pipeline, 152-a first blowback branch, 153-a second blowback branch, 154-a blowback valve, 160-a discharging mechanism, 161-a side discharging pipeline, 162-a lower discharging pipeline, 163-a primary pipeline, 164-filtrate, 165-a side discharging valve, 166-a lower discharging valve, 167-a filtrate tank.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not indicated or implied that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus it should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for indicating or implying a relative importance.

It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

First embodiment

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an integrated device 100 with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions, which includes a vacuum tank body 110, a feeding mechanism 120, a heating mechanism 130, a vacuum mechanism 140, a back blowing mechanism 150 and a discharging mechanism 160.

The specific structure and connection of the vacuum tank main body 110, the feeding mechanism 120, the heating mechanism 130, the vacuum mechanism 140, the blowback mechanism 150, and the discharge mechanism 160 will be described below.

(1) A vacuum tank main body 110.

Referring to fig. 2, a vacuum tank body 110 is a main operation container for solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery, and includes a vacuum tank 111, a driving motor 112 and a screw blade 113, wherein the driving motor 112 is installed at the top of the vacuum tank 111 and connected with the screw blade 113, and the screw blade 113 is disposed in the vacuum tank 111.

In the embodiment, the spiral blade 113 comprises blades rotating anticlockwise from top to bottom, the running direction of the spiral blade 113 is clockwise, the upper part of the vacuum tank 111 is cylindrical, the lower part of the vacuum tank is conical, the diameters of the upper parts of the spiral blade 113 are the same, the diameters of the lower parts of the spiral blade 113 are gradually reduced, the edges of the spiral blade 113 are close to the inner wall of the vacuum tank 111 and are arranged at intervals, the pitch of the spiral blade 113 is 20-200mm, and the rotating speed of the spiral controller is 10-200rpm.

In this embodiment, the driving motor 112 is used to control the spiral blade 113 to rotate, the spiral blade 113 can drive the material to rotate and lift from bottom to top in the rotation process, the material is lifted to the top end of the spiral blade 113 and then is thrown to the bottom of the vacuum tank 111 by gravity, and then is lifted by the spiral blade 113, so that the circulation is performed, and therefore, the spiral blade 113 is used as a device for lifting and throwing the material in a rotating manner.

The vacuum tank 111 is provided with a feed port 114, a side discharge port 115, a lower discharge port 116, a vacuum suction port 117 and a filtrate port 118, and both the vacuum suction port 117 and the filtrate port 118 are provided with a filter 119. Wherein, feed inlet 114 sets up in the side top of vacuum tank 111, and side discharge gate 115 sets up in the upper portion side of vacuum tank 111, and lower discharge gate 116 sets up in the bottom of vacuum tank 111, evacuation mouth 117 set up in the side top of vacuum tank 111, filtrate mouth 118 set up in the bottom side of vacuum tank 111, through seting up a plurality of mouths on vacuum tank 111, realizes the business turn over of material.

(2) A feed mechanism 120.

Referring to fig. 1, a feed mechanism 120 is in communication with the feed port 114 of the vacuum tank 111 for delivering aqueous material into the vacuum tank 111.

The feeding mechanism 120 includes a hopper 121, a feeding line 122, and a feeding valve 123, one end of the feeding line 122 is connected to the hopper 121, the other end is connected to the vacuum tank 111, and the feeding valve 123 is provided on the feeding line 122, and the feeding condition of the hopper 121 can be controlled by the feeding valve 123.

In this embodiment, the number of the feeding mechanism 120 and the vacuum tank main body 110 is one or more, and the connection manner of the feeding mechanism 120 and the vacuum tank main body 110 may be determined according to practical situations. For example, in some embodiments, one feeding mechanism 120 may be in communication with multiple vacuum tank bodies 110, thereby enabling one feeding mechanism 120 to simultaneously deliver material to multiple vacuum tank bodies 110, preferably one feeding mechanism may be in communication with two vacuum tank bodies 110 at the same time. In some other embodiments, one vacuum tank body 110 is in communication with multiple feed mechanisms 120, thereby enabling multiple feed mechanisms 120 to simultaneously feed material into one vacuum tank body 110, preferably one vacuum tank body 110 may be in communication with 1-2 feed mechanisms 120 simultaneously.

(3) A heating mechanism 130.

Referring to fig. 1, a heating mechanism 130 is disposed on an outer wall or an inner wall of the vacuum tank 111 for heating the vacuum tank 111.

The heating mechanism 130 may have various forms as long as it can heat the vacuum tank 111. In this embodiment, a typical but non-limiting example is listed, and the heating mechanism 130 includes a heat source inlet 131, a heat source wall 132, and a heat source outlet 133, the heat source wall 132 is installed on the outer wall or the inner wall of the vacuum tank 111, and both sides of the heat source wall 132 communicate with the heat source inlet 131 and the heat source outlet 133, respectively.

The heat source enters the heat source wall 132 through the heat source inlet 131, the heat source wall 132 contacts the vacuum tank 111, thereby providing heat to the vacuum tank 111, and the heat source after heat exchange is discharged from the heat source outlet 133. In this embodiment, the heat source wall 132 may be, for example, a coil pipe or a space-apart chamber, and a heat-insulating layer (not shown) is provided on the outer wall of the heat source wall 132 to ensure the maximum efficient use of the heat source.

The heat source within the heat source wall 132 includes at least one of steam, hot water, heat transfer oil, hot plate, flue gas, plant exhaust steam, and condensate. The heat source temperature may be between 80-300 ℃, preferably, the heat source temperature may be selected to be between 100-200 ℃.

(4) A vacuum mechanism 140.

Referring to fig. 1, the vacuum mechanism 140 communicates with the vacuum suction port 117 of the vacuum tank 111 for vacuum suction of the vacuum tank 111.

The vacuum mechanism 140 comprises a vacuum tube 141, a vacuum pump 142, a heat exchanger 143, a gas-liquid separation tank 144 and a condensate tank 145, wherein one end of the vacuum tube 141 is communicated with the vacuumizing port 117, the other end of the vacuum tube is communicated with the heat exchanger 143, the vacuum pump 142 is arranged on the vacuum tube 141, the outlet end of the heat exchanger 143 is communicated with the gas-liquid separation tank 144, and the condensate port of the gas-liquid separation tank 144 is communicated with the condensate tank 145.

The vacuum pump 142 vacuums the gas in the vacuum tank 111 to ensure the vacuum in the vacuum tank 111. The extracted water vapor is subjected to heat exchange and condensation through the heat exchanger 143, then enters the gas-liquid separation tank 144 for separation, the gas is discharged through a gas discharge pipe at the top of the gas-liquid separation tank 144, and the condensate enters the condensate tank 145 for collection through a condensate discharge pipeline.

(5) And a blowback mechanism 150.

Referring to fig. 1, the blowback mechanism 150 is respectively connected to the vacuumizing port 117 and the filtrate port 118 for blowback and blocking prevention of the filter 119 and for making the material in the vacuum tank 111 in a suspension fluidization state.

In this embodiment, the blowback mechanism 150 includes a blowback line 151, a first blowback branch line 152, a second blowback branch line 153, and a blowback valve 154, the blowback line 151 communicates with the first blowback branch line 152 and the second blowback branch line 153 simultaneously, the first blowback branch line 152 communicates with the evacuation port 117, the second blowback branch line 153 communicates with the filtrate port 118, and the blowback valve 154 is provided on the blowback line 151, preferably, the flow rate of blowback gas in the blowback line 151 is 5m/s to 30m/s.

The back-flushing mechanism 150 is operated in the discharging process, at this time, the vacuum pump 142 is stopped, the back-flushing mechanism 150 is started, and the back-flushing mechanism 150 not only can back-flush the filter 119 of the vacuumizing port 117 and the filter 119 of the filtrate port 118, but also can effectively prevent the filter 119 from being blocked in the long-time operation process. Meanwhile, when the filter 119 of the filtrate port 118 is back-blown, the dried material in the vacuum tank 111 can be suspended and fluidized by the gas passing through the filter 119, so that the bottom is prevented from being blocked, and the material in the vacuum tank 111 is promoted to be discharged to the lower part and the side part. More importantly, the suspension fluidization degree of the materials in the tank is controlled through bottom back blowing and rotation speed adjustment of the spiral controller, and light and heavy components of the dried materials are separated through the lower discharge port 116 and the side discharge port 115. The blowback medium includes, but is not limited to, plant air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and the like.

(6) Discharge mechanism 160

Referring to fig. 1, a discharging mechanism 160 is respectively communicated with the side discharging port 115, the lower discharging port 116 and the filtrate port 118 for discharging the materials in the vacuum tank 111.

The discharge mechanism 160 comprises a side discharge pipeline 161, a lower discharge pipeline 162, a primary filter pipeline 163 and a filtrate storage tank 164, wherein the side discharge pipeline 161 is communicated with the side discharge port 115, a side discharge valve 165 is arranged on the side discharge pipeline 161, the lower discharge pipeline 162 is communicated with the lower discharge port 116, a lower discharge valve 166 is arranged on the lower discharge pipeline 162, one end of the primary filter pipeline 163 is communicated with the filtrate port 118, the other end of the primary filter pipeline 163 is communicated with the filtrate storage tank 164, and a filtrate valve 167 is arranged on the primary filter pipeline 163.

In this embodiment, by providing a plurality of discharge ports, the materials can be separately discharged to achieve sorting, wherein the side discharge port 115 is used for discharging light component carbon residue and fine materials, and the lower discharge port 116 is used for discharging heavy component and coarse materials. The separation of the light components and the heavy components is realized through the suspension state of the dried materials, so that the carbon content of the materials discharged from the side discharge port 115 is improved from 20-40% to 50-70%, and the carbon residue resources in the filter cake are greatly recovered.

In this embodiment, there are 2-6 filtrate ports 118, and each filtrate port 118 is provided with a filter 119, and preferably, the filter 119 is a metal filter, a non-metal filter, or a fiber filter.

Second embodiment

The present invention provides a method for separating and recovering carbon residue from solid and liquid, which is performed by the integrated device 100 for separating and recovering carbon residue from solid and liquid according to the first embodiment, and comprises the following steps:

(1) And (3) primarily filtering, namely introducing the high-moisture material into the vacuum tank 111 through the feeding mechanism 120, closing the side discharge port 115, the lower discharge port 116 and the back-flushing mechanism 150, opening the filtrate port 118, starting the driving motor 112, rotating the helical blade 113 and driving the high-moisture material in the vacuum tank 111 to rotate and lift, wherein during the feeding process, the external moisture in the high-moisture material is discharged from the filtrate port 118.

Specifically, the high-moisture material enters the vacuum tank 111 from the hopper 121 through the feeding pipeline 122 and the feeding valve 123, the side discharging valve 165 and the lower discharging valve 166 are closed in the feeding process, the filtrate valve 167 is opened, the blowback valve 154 on the blowback pipeline 151 is closed, the power supply of the driving motor 112 is started, the helical blade 113 starts to work, the material entering the vacuum tank 111 is stirred and rotationally lifted, the material is lifted to the top end of the helical blade 113 and then is thrown to the bottom of the vacuum tank 111 by gravity all around, and then lifted by the helical blade 113, and the circulation is performed. In the feeding process, a large amount of external moisture in the material is collected and recycled by the filtrate valve 167 through the filtrate pipeline into the filtrate tank, and the material is subjected to preliminary filtration through the bottom filtration system of the step.

(2) And after the feeding is finished, closing the feed port 114 and the filtrate port 118, opening the heating mechanism 130 to heat the vacuum tank 111, and simultaneously opening the vacuum mechanism 140 to vacuumize the vacuum tank 111, so that on one hand, the pressure in the vacuum tank 111 is reduced, and after a vacuum environment is formed, the water adsorbed by the materials and the internal water in the capillary pore tube are gasified and released, so that the aim of drying and dehydrating the materials is fulfilled. The water vapor extracted in the vacuum process enters the gas-liquid separation tank 144 for separation after heat exchange and condensation through the heat exchanger 143, the gas is discharged through a gas discharge pipe at the top of the gas-liquid separation tank 144, and the condensate enters the condensate tank 145 for collection through a condensate discharge pipeline. The vacuum system and the heating system are kept running according to the degree of drying and dehydration of the materials, and the materials in the vacuum tank 111 are continuously subjected to vacuum drying and dehydration.

(3) And after the vacuum drying dehydration is finished, closing a vacuum pump 142 and a vacuum valve of a vacuum mechanism 140, opening a side discharge hole 115, a lower discharge hole 116, a vacuum hole, a filtrate hole 118 and a back blowing mechanism 150, back blowing the top filter 119 and the bottom filter 119 by the back blowing mechanism 150, preventing the filter 119 from being blocked in the continuous operation process of the device, simultaneously, the back blowing mechanism 150 back-blowing the filter 119 of the filtrate hole 118 and enabling the dried material in the vacuum tank 111 to be in a suspension fluidization state, continuously rotating a spiral blade 113, and realizing the separation of light and heavy components of the dried material by controlling the rotating speed of the spiral mechanism, wherein light component residual carbon and fine materials in the dried material are discharged from the side discharge hole 115, and heavy components and coarse materials are discharged from the lower discharge hole 116. The implementation of the technology can realize the recovery of light component carbon residue in the gasified filter cake, so that the carbon content in the side-outlet materials is improved from 20-40% to 50-70%, the carbon residue resources in the filter cake are greatly recovered, the purposes of solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation of the gasified filter cake are realized on one set of equipment, the process flow is shortened, and the equipment investment, the running cost and the labor intensity of personnel are greatly reduced.

In this embodiment, the preliminary filtration step mainly realizes preliminary solid-liquid separation of materials, and the vacuum drying can realize deep solid-liquid separation. The technical principle of deep separation dehydration is that the bottom heat source wall 132 is used for heating the vacuum tank 111, raising the temperature of materials in the vacuum tank 111, simultaneously, the vacuum pump 142 is started for vacuumizing the vacuum tank 111, and the boiling point temperature of water is lowered under the vacuum condition by combining the relation principle of the boiling point of water and the vacuum degree, so that the water adsorbed by the materials and the water in the capillary tube are gasified and released, and the purpose of drying and dehydrating the materials is achieved. In particular, when the temperature of the material in the vacuum tank 111 is raised to 100 ℃ or more, the vacuum drying and dehydration of the material is more efficient.

The integrated apparatus 100 provided in this embodiment, which has both solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery, is an intermittent batch processing apparatus. After the discharge is completed, the blowback valve 154, the side discharge valve 165 and the lower discharge valve 166 are closed, the filtrate valve 167 and the feed valve 123 are opened to continue feeding the vacuum tank 111, and the system enters the feed filtration stage. The above processes are repeatedly and circularly operated, and the functions of continuous vacuum drying dehydration and material sorting and utilization are realized.

Preferably, when the water content of the high-moisture material is less than or equal to 70%, the integrated device 100 with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery is also provided with a common solid-liquid separation device on the market before the integrated device 100 with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery, and the high-moisture material is firstly treated by the solid-liquid separation device until the water content is less than or equal to 70%, and then enters the integrated device 100 with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery, so that the coupling use of the traditional technology and the new technology is realized.

The invention designs the integrated device 100 integrating vacuum, heating and suspension fluidization into a whole and having the functions of solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery aiming at the requirements of moisture removal and separation and utilization of liquid-containing materials, and avoids the operation and single function defects of the conventional belt filter, plate-and-frame filter press, plate-and-frame vacuum drier and other modes. Meanwhile, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) According to the principle of pressure reduction and water boiling point reduction, the liquid-containing material is heated, the space pressure is reduced in the closed space of the treated material, negative pressure is formed, and the water carried on the surface of the material and the internal water in the gaps of the material are subjected to phase change vaporization, so that the purpose of efficiently removing the water is achieved.

(2) The invention can technically reform the problem of high water content of the blanking of a large number of conventional belt filters and plate-frame filters existing in the market at low cost, does not need to disassemble or change the original device, and realizes deep dehydration and drying of materials (the water content can be deeply dehydrated by 20-30 percent) by feeding the blanking into the device of the technology.

(3) The invention designs a vacuum drying and dewatering device with the functions of material suspension fluidization and separation. The device is simple, has few parts, omits a large number of parts such as a high-pressure plate frame (heating plate, pressing plate), a diaphragm, filter cloth and the like of conventional dehydration and desiccation (the device does not need a filter plate and a diaphragm), and simultaneously realizes the separation and recycling of light and heavy components after desiccation by utilizing the reverse blowing and the suspension fluidization of the spiral sheets.

(4) The filter 119 used in the device can be a metal or nonmetal filter screen or a filter disc, a fiber filter or other types of filter devices, and back blowing is performed in the discharging process of each batch, so that the filter 119 can be effectively prevented from being blocked. At present, the conventional material dehydration device, whether a vacuum belt filter, a plate-and-frame filter press or a vacuum plate-and-frame filter press, has the conditions that filter cloth, a diaphragm and a filter plate are damaged and need to be replaced, and has short service life of spare parts and complex operation and maintenance. Therefore, the device of the invention has the advantages of avoiding spare part maintenance in the operation process, simplifying the configuration of the conventional vacuum dehydration drying device while adding the sorting function, and simultaneously realizing the substantial reduction of the operation and maintenance cost of the device.

(5) The invention directly adopts a coil pipe or a separation cavity to heat the materials in the tank body on the inner wall or the outer wall of the vacuum tank 111, has high heat efficiency and low heating energy consumption, can omit facilities such as a hot water tank, a hot water pump, a squeezing pump and the like of a conventional device, greatly reduces the investment and the operation cost of the device, has small project occupation area, has no other auxiliary facilities except a vacuum system, and is very suitable for technical transformation of old factories or built devices.

(6) The heat source used in the present invention may be selected from a variety of sources including, but not limited to, steam, hot water, heat transfer oil, hot plate, flue gas, plant exhaust steam, condensate, and the like. In a common operation factory, the hot water, condensate or steam and flue gas with higher temperature of 70-100 ℃ are rich, and part of heat sources have no utilization and recovery value in many factories, so most of the heat sources are discharged on site, and the technology can heat the waste solids with liquid by the heat sources, effectively recycle the heat sources and improve the energy utilization rate.

(7) According to the invention, the up-and-down rolling of the dried material in the tank is realized through the spiral lifting and throwing device (spiral sheet) in the vacuum tank 111, the drying heat transfer area of the surface of the material is increased in the vacuum environment in the tank, the material is heated uniformly, and the drying efficiency and effect are obviously higher than those of the static dehydration in the plate frame extrusion chamber.

(8) The invention realizes full sealing in the dehydration treatment process, ensures the vacuum degree and temperature of the hopper, and improves the vacuum and heating drying effects (the upper part of a conventional vacuum belt filter is open type, and the vacuum effect is poor).

(9) For materials with high water content (for example, the water content is more than 70%), a set of low-cost solid-liquid separation device (which is common in the market at present) can be arranged in front of the device, the water content of the materials is firstly treated to be below 70%, and then the materials enter the technical device for deep drying and dehydration, so that the coupling use of the traditional technology and the new technology is realized.

(10) According to the invention, the material drying can be regulated and controlled by controlling the heat source quantity, the heat source temperature, the vacuum time and the like according to the water content of the material required by a user.

(11) Compared with the traditional process, the technology of the invention strengthens the deep dehydration and drying of materials, recovers a large amount of water and saves water resources on one hand, and realizes the separation and utilization of dried materials on the other hand on the same equipment, and for gasified filter cakes, the recycling utilization of the gasified filter cakes is realized by recovering residual carbon in the filter cakes, and the separated high-carbon filter cakes can be sold and sent into a boiler as power coal or used as raw materials for preparing coke, semi-coke and active carbon, thereby solving the current situation that the gasified filter cakes can only be filled in a slag field on a large scale at present and saving energy.

In summary, the integrated device 100 with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery provided by the invention firstly utilizes the spiral blade 113 to disperse the material and discharge external water from the filtrate port 118, then heats the liquid-containing material according to the principle of pressure reduction and water boiling point reduction, and simultaneously reduces the space pressure in the sealed space of the processed material to form negative pressure, so that the water carried on the surface of the material and the internal water in the gaps of the material are subjected to phase change vaporization, thereby achieving the purpose of efficiently removing the water. The dried and dehydrated material presents a suspension fluidization state under the dual actions of the back-blowing gas and the helical blades 113, so that the separation and recycling of light and heavy components after drying are realized. Wherein, the light component carbon residue and the fine material in the dried material are discharged from the side discharge hole 115, and the heavy component and the coarse material are discharged from the lower discharge hole 116. The implementation of the technology can realize the recovery of light component carbon residue in the gasified filter cake, so that the carbon content in the side-outlet materials is improved from 20-40% to 50-70%, the carbon residue resources in the filter cake are greatly recovered, the purposes of solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation of the gasified filter cake are realized on one set of equipment, the process flow is shortened, and the equipment investment, the running cost and the labor intensity of personnel are greatly reduced.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (16)

1. An integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions is characterized by comprising a vacuum tank main body, a feeding mechanism, a heating mechanism, a vacuum mechanism, a back blowing mechanism and a discharging mechanism;

The vacuum tank main body comprises a vacuum tank, a driving motor and a helical blade, wherein the driving motor is arranged at the top of the vacuum tank and connected with the helical blade, the helical blade is arranged in the vacuum tank, the vacuum tank is provided with a feed inlet, a side discharge outlet, a lower discharge outlet, a vacuumizing port and a filtrate port, and the vacuumizing port and the filtrate port are both provided with filters;

The feeding mechanism is communicated with the feeding port of the vacuum tank and used for conveying water-containing materials into the vacuum tank, the heating mechanism is arranged on the outer wall or the inner wall of the vacuum tank and used for heating the vacuum tank, the vacuum mechanism is communicated with the vacuumizing port of the vacuum tank and used for vacuumizing the vacuum tank, the discharging mechanism is respectively communicated with the side discharging port, the lower discharging port and the filtrate port and used for discharging the materials in the vacuum tank, and the back blowing mechanism is respectively communicated with the vacuumizing port and the filtrate port and used for carrying out back blowing and blocking prevention on the filter and simultaneously enabling the materials in the vacuum tank to be in a suspension fluidization state; the back flushing mechanism comprises a back flushing pipeline, a first back flushing branch line, a second back flushing branch line and a back flushing valve, wherein the back flushing pipeline is simultaneously communicated with the first back flushing branch line and the second back flushing branch line, the first back flushing branch line is communicated with the vacuumizing port, the second back flushing branch line is communicated with the filtrate port, the back flushing valve is arranged on the back flushing pipeline, the flow rate of back flushing gas in the back flushing pipeline is 5m/s to 30m/s, the discharging mechanism comprises a side discharging pipeline, a lower discharging pipeline, a primary filtering pipeline and a filtrate storage tank, the side discharging pipeline is communicated with the side discharging port, the side discharging pipeline is provided with the side discharging valve, the lower discharging pipeline is communicated with the lower discharging port, the lower discharging pipeline is provided with the lower discharging valve, one end of the primary filtering pipeline is communicated with the filtrate port, the other end of the primary filtering pipeline is communicated with the filtrate, and the primary filtering pipeline is provided with the filtrate storage tank valve.

2. The integrated device for solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to claim 1, wherein the spiral blade comprises a blade rotating anticlockwise from top to bottom, and the running direction of the spiral blade is clockwise.

3. The integrated device for solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to claim 2, wherein the upper part of the vacuum tank is cylindrical, the lower part of the vacuum tank is conical, the diameters of the upper parts of the spiral blades are the same, the diameters of the lower parts of the spiral blades are gradually reduced, and the edges of the spiral blades are close to the inner wall of the vacuum tank and are arranged at intervals.

4. The integrated device for solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to claim 3, wherein the pitch of the spiral blade is 20-200mm.

5. The integrated device with both solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to claim 2, wherein the rotational speed of the screw blade controller is 10-200rpm.

6. The integrated device with both solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to claim 1, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper, a feeding pipeline and a feeding valve, one end of the feeding pipeline is communicated with the hopper, the other end of the feeding pipeline is communicated with the vacuum tank, and the feeding valve is arranged on the feeding pipeline.

7. The integrated device for solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to claim 6, wherein at least one feeding mechanism is provided, at least one vacuum tank body is provided, one feeding mechanism is communicated with a plurality of vacuum tank bodies, and one vacuum tank body is communicated with a plurality of feeding mechanisms.

8. The integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions according to claim 1, wherein the heating mechanism comprises a heat source inlet, a heat source wall and a heat source outlet, the heat source wall is installed on the outer wall or the inner wall of the vacuum tank, and two sides of the heat source wall are respectively communicated with the heat source inlet and the heat source outlet.

9. The integrated device of claim 8, wherein the heat source wall is a coil or a compartment.

10. The integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions according to claim 8, wherein a heat-insulating layer is arranged on the outer wall of the heat source wall.

11. The integrated device with both solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery according to claim 8, wherein the heat source in the heat source wall comprises at least one of steam, hot water, heat transfer oil, electric hot plate, flue gas, plant exhaust steam and condensate.

12. The integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum mechanism comprises a vacuum tube, a vacuum pump, a heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separation tank and a condensate tank, one end of the vacuum tube is communicated with the vacuumizing port, the other end of the vacuum tube is communicated with the heat exchanger, the vacuum pump is arranged on the vacuum tube, the outlet end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the gas-liquid separation tank, and the condensate port of the gas-liquid separation tank is communicated with the condensate tank.

13. The integrated device with solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery functions according to claim 1, wherein 2-6 filtrate ports are provided, and each filtrate port is provided with the filter.

14. The integrated device of claim 13, wherein the filter is a metallic filter, a non-metallic filter, or a fibrous filter.

15. A method for separating and recovering solid and liquid and carbon residue, characterized in that the method is carried out by adopting the integrated device for separating and recovering solid and liquid and carbon residue according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and comprises the following steps:

(1) The method comprises the steps of preliminary filtering, namely, introducing high-moisture materials into a vacuum tank through a feeding mechanism, closing a side discharge hole, a lower discharge hole and a back-flushing mechanism, opening a filtrate hole, starting a driving motor, enabling a spiral blade to rotate and drive the high-moisture materials in the vacuum tank to rotate and lift, and discharging external moisture in the high-moisture materials through the filtrate hole in the feeding process;

(2) After the feeding is finished, closing the feeding port and the filtrate port, starting the heating mechanism to heat the vacuum tank, and simultaneously opening the vacuum mechanism to vacuumize the vacuum tank, wherein the water adsorbed by the high-water-content material and the internal water in the capillary tube are gasified and released;

(3) And after the vacuum drying and dewatering are finished, closing the vacuum mechanism, opening the side discharge hole, the lower discharge hole, the vacuumizing hole, the filtrate hole and the back blowing mechanism, back blowing the second back blowing branch line of the back blowing mechanism to the filter of the filtrate hole, enabling the dried material in the vacuum tank to be in a suspension fluidization state, and continuously rotating the spiral blade to realize that light component residual carbon and fine materials in the dried material are discharged from the side discharge hole, and heavy components and coarse materials are discharged from the lower discharge hole.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein when the water content of the high-moisture material is greater than 70%, the integrated device for solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery is further provided with a solid-liquid separation device before the integrated device for solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery, and the high-moisture material is processed by the solid-liquid separation device until the water content is below 70%, and then enters the integrated device for solid-liquid separation and carbon residue separation and recovery.