CN119098553A - Cross shaft processing device and processing method - Google Patents
Cross shaft processing device and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN119098553A CN119098553A CN202411558600.XA CN202411558600A CN119098553A CN 119098553 A CN119098553 A CN 119098553A CN 202411558600 A CN202411558600 A CN 202411558600A CN 119098553 A CN119098553 A CN 119098553A
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of machining of cross shafts, and particularly relates to a cross shaft machining device and a machining method. Including first mould unit, second mould unit, first ejector pin, and second ejector pin, through setting up overlap shaping recess on first mould unit for when the blank received the extrusion, part blank got into in the overlap shaping recess, increased the resistance that the blank received when being warp by the extrusion, when the in-process that the blank warp to the second die cavity from first die cavity, because part blank got into in the overlap shaping recess, lead to the blank to get into from the in-process speed that first die cavity got into second die cavity and reduce, thereby make the blank can fill the shaping extrusion space of extrusion department and transition department, and then can process out qualified cross axle. Therefore, the problem that the cavity of the die cannot be completely filled and the product is unqualified because the deformation speeds of all parts of the blank are not completely consistent after the blank is extruded in the die in the processing process of the conventional cross shaft is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining of cross shafts, and particularly relates to a cross shaft machining device and a machining method.
Background
The cross axle is the joint of universal joint, is a part for realizing the power transmission of variable angle, is used for changing the position of the direction of a transmission axis, and is a joint part of a universal transmission device of an automobile driving system. The most common way to process the cross is hot working, which is to forge the blank by heating to finally obtain the cross with the desired shape. However, since the hot working can make the working personnel work in a high-temperature environment for a long time, the long-time high-temperature operation will cause harm to the body of the workers, and more young people are reluctant to work in such a working environment for a long time. Therefore, machining the blank at normal temperature is a cross machining mode which is accepted by more and more people.
The blank can be processed into the cross shaft at normal temperature by placing the blank in a die for extrusion molding, however, as the blank is extruded in the die, the deformation space of the blank along the axial and radial direction is smaller, so that the deformation speed of the blank in the axial and radial space of the die is faster, the deformation speeds of all parts of the blank are not completely consistent, the cavity of the die cannot be completely filled, and the product is disqualified.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that in the existing machining process of the cross shaft, the deformation speed of each part of the blank is not completely consistent after the blank is extruded in a die, so that the cavity of the die cannot be completely filled, and a product is unqualified, the invention provides a machining device and a machining method of the cross shaft.
In a first aspect, this embodiment provides a cross machining apparatus, including:
the device comprises a first die unit, a second die unit, a first die unit and a second die unit, wherein the first die unit comprises a die body, a first die cavity and four second die cavities, the first die cavity axially penetrates through the die body along the die body, the second die cavities are symmetrically concavely arranged at the bottom of the die body along the radial direction of the first die cavity, one end of each second die cavity is communicated with the first die cavity, and the other end of each second die cavity is arranged at intervals with the outer peripheral surface of the die body;
The second die unit is positioned below the first die unit, and the second die unit and the first die unit are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode;
The bottom of the die body of the first die unit is concavely provided with a flash forming groove, and the flash forming groove is communicated with the first die cavity and the second die cavity;
The first ejector rod is movably arranged in the first cavity of the first die unit, and the second ejector rod is movably arranged in the first cavity of the second die unit;
The die comprises a die body, wherein the die body is provided with a smooth part, a transition part, an extrusion part and a pressurizing part, the extrusion part is positioned at the inner periphery of the die body, the extrusion part is positioned between two adjacent second cavities, the smooth part and the transition part are positioned at the die body of the second cavities, the smooth part is in smooth transition connection with the extrusion part through the transition part, the pressurizing part is positioned at the bottom of the die body, and the pressurizing part is positioned at the side edge of the flash forming groove close to the extrusion part;
The first die cavity and the second die cavity of the first die unit and the first die cavity and the second die cavity of the second die unit are surrounded to form an extrusion forming space, the first die cavity of the first die unit and the first die cavity of the second die unit are surrounded to form a storage space, and the storage space is used for accommodating blanks.
In some embodiments, the flash forming groove has a width that is 0.15-0.3 times the cross shaft diameter.
In some embodiments, the flash forming groove has a depth of 0.7-1 mm.
In some embodiments, the plenum projects in a radial direction of the first cavity proximate the press section.
In some embodiments, the plenum is recessed away from the press portion in a radial direction of the first cavity.
In some embodiments, the flash forming groove extends through an outer peripheral surface of the die body.
In some embodiments, a flash forming groove is concavely formed in the bottom of the die body of the second die unit, and the flash forming groove is communicated with the first die cavity and the second die cavity.
In some embodiments, the angle between the central axes of two adjacent second cavities is 90 °.
In some embodiments, the transition portion gradually decreases in inner diameter in the second cavity axial direction from near the end of the pressing portion to the end connected to the rounded portion.
A second method, provided in this embodiment, is a method for machining a cross, where the method is applied to the cross machining apparatus according to the first aspect, and includes the following steps:
Step S11, based on the die closing of the first die unit and the second die unit, a second cavity on the first die unit and a second cavity on the first die unit are surrounded to form an extrusion space, and a first cavity on the first die unit and a first cavity on the second die unit are surrounded to form a storage space;
step S12, placing blanks in the storage space based on the storage space;
And S13, based on the fact that a blank is placed in the storage space, the first ejector rod and the second ejector rod are driven to extrude the blank to be deformed to a second shape, wherein the blank is deformed to the second shape and comprises the blank extending along the radial direction of the storage space, is in interference fit with the extrusion part, the pressurizing part, the transition part and the smooth part in sequence, and then fills the extrusion forming space.
In order to solve the problem that the cavity of the die cannot be completely filled and the product is unqualified because the deformation speed of each part of the blank is not completely consistent after the blank is extruded in the die in the processing process of the conventional cross shaft, the invention has the following advantages:
Through setting up overlap shaping recess for when the blank received the extrusion, part blank got into in the overlap shaping recess, increased the resistance that the blank received when being out of shape by the extrusion, when the in-process of blank from first die cavity deformation to second die cavity, because part blank got into in the overlap shaping recess, lead to the blank to get into from the in-process speed that first die cavity got into second die cavity and reduce, thereby make the blank can be filled up the shaping extrusion space of extrusion department and transition department, and then can process qualified cross.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of some embodiments of a cross-shaft tooling apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mold closing structure of a first mold unit and a second mold unit;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first mold unit in some embodiments;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first mold unit in some embodiments;
fig. 6 is an enlarged partial schematic view at a in fig. 4.
In the figure, 10 parts of a first die unit, 11 parts of a die body, 111 parts of an extrusion part, 112 parts of a transition part, 113 parts of a smooth part, 114 parts of a pressurizing part, 12 parts of a first die cavity, 13 parts of a second die cavity, 14 parts of a flash forming groove, 20 parts of a second die unit, 30 parts of a first ejector rod, 40 parts of a second ejector rod, 50 parts of a blank.
Detailed Description
The disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and thus practice the present disclosure, and are not meant to imply any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.
As used herein, the term "comprising" and variants thereof are to be interpreted as meaning "including but not limited to" open-ended terms. The term "based on" is to be interpreted as "based at least in part on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment. The term "another embodiment" is to be interpreted as "at least one other embodiment". The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", "transverse", "longitudinal", etc. refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings. These terms are only used to better describe the present application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the indicated devices, elements or components to the particular orientations or to configure and operate in the particular orientations. Also, some of the terms described above may be used to indicate other meanings in addition to orientation or positional relationships, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate some sort of attachment or connection in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "configured," "provided," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly. For example, they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or of unitary construction, they may be mechanically or electrically connected, they may be directly connected, or they may be indirectly connected through intermediaries, or they may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used primarily to distinguish between different devices, elements, or components (the particular species and configurations may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance and number of devices, elements, or components indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The embodiment discloses a cross machining device, as shown in fig. 1-6, including:
The first die unit 10 comprises a die body 11, a first die cavity 12 and four second die cavities 13, wherein the first die cavity 12 axially penetrates through the die body 11 along the die body 11, the second die cavities 13 are symmetrically concavely arranged at the bottom of the die body 11 along the radial direction of the first die cavity 12, one end of each second die cavity 13 is communicated with the first die cavity 12, and the other end of each second die cavity 13 is arranged at intervals with the peripheral surface of the die body 11;
the second mold unit 20 is located below the first mold unit 10, and the second mold unit 20 and the first mold unit 10 are arranged in a mirror symmetry manner;
Wherein, a flash forming groove 14 is concavely arranged at the bottom of the die body 11 of the first die unit 10, and the flash forming groove 14 is communicated with the first die cavity 12 and the second die cavity 13;
A first ejector rod 30 and a second ejector rod 40, wherein the first ejector rod 30 is movably arranged in the first cavity 12 of the first die unit 10, and the second ejector rod 40 is movably arranged in the first cavity 12 of the second die unit 20;
The die body 11 is provided with a smooth part 113, a transition part 112, an extrusion part 111 and a pressurizing part 114, wherein the extrusion part 111 is positioned at the inner periphery of the die body 11, the extrusion part 111 is positioned between two adjacent second cavities 13, the smooth part 113 and the transition part 112 are positioned at the die body 11 of the second cavities 13, the smooth part 113 is in smooth transition connection with the extrusion part 111 through the transition part 112, the pressurizing part 114 is positioned at the bottom of the die body 11, and the pressurizing part 114 is positioned at the side edge of the flash forming groove 14 close to the extrusion part 111;
The first cavity 12, the second cavity 13, the flash forming groove 14 of the first die unit 10, the first cavity 12, the second cavity 13 of the second die unit 20 are surrounded to form an extrusion forming space, the first cavity 12 of the first die unit 10 and the first cavity 12 of the second die unit 20 are surrounded to form a storage space, and the storage space is used for accommodating the blank 50.
In this embodiment, the blank 50 is extruded by the first ejector rod 30 and the second ejector rod 40, the first ejector rod 30 and the second ejector rod 40 are respectively movably disposed in the first cavity 12 of the first mold body 11 and the second mold body 11, and the intervals between the first ejector rod 30 and the second ejector rod 40 and the first cavity 12 can be set according to the needs, when the first ejector rod 30 and the second ejector rod 40 are driven to relatively move close to each other, the first ejector rod 30 and the second ejector rod 40 can extrude the blank 50 to deform.
In this embodiment, by providing the flash forming groove 14, when the blank 50 is extruded, a part of the blank 50 enters the flash forming groove 14, the flash forming groove 14 can increase the resistance to the blank 50 when being extruded and deformed, and when the blank 50 is deformed and transited from the first cavity 12 to the second cavity 13, the deformation speed of the blank 50 is reduced when the part of the blank 50 enters the flash forming groove 14 and the blank 50 enters the second cavity 13 from the first cavity 12, so that the blank 50 can fill the forming extrusion space at the extrusion part 111 and the transition part 112, and further, a qualified cross axle can be processed.
In some embodiments, the width of the flash forming groove 14 is 0.15-0.3 times the diameter of the cross shaft.
In this embodiment, the width of the flash forming groove 14 is designed to be 0.15-0.3 times of the cross shaft diameter, so that the blank 50 can be extruded and deformed within a certain range when being extruded and deformed, and the width of the flash forming groove 14 is designed to be 0.15-0.3 times of the cross shaft diameter, so that the blank 50 can fill the extrusion forming space of the extrusion part 111 and the transition part 112 when the blank 50 is extruded and just filled with the flash forming groove 14, and the blank 50 can finally fill the forming space and reduce the flash quality, thereby reducing the waste of materials and achieving the purpose of saving material resources.
In some embodiments, the flash forming groove 14 has a depth of 0.7-1 mm.
In this embodiment, the depth of the flash forming groove 14 is set to 0.7-1 mm, so that when the blank 50 is pressed and deformed and contacts with the pressurizing portion 114, the pressurizing portion 114 can provide a proper reaction force for the blank 50, and when the blank 50 fills the extrusion forming space of the extrusion portion 111 and the transition portion 112, the pressurizing portion 114 can provide a reverse reaction force for the blank 50, thereby accelerating the deformation speed of the blank 50 in the second cavity 13 and improving the machining efficiency of the cross.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the pressurizing portion 114 protrudes in the radial direction of the first cavity 12 to approach the pressing portion 111.
In this embodiment, by providing the pressurizing portion 114 in a structure protruding in the radial direction of the first cavity 12 and approaching the extrusion portion 111, the surface of the pressurizing portion 114 abutting against the billet 50 can be formed into an arc surface, so that the contact area between the pressurizing portion 114 and the billet 50 can be increased, and when the billet 50 abuts against the pressurizing portion 114 in the deformation process, the pressure of the billet 50 to the pressurizing portion 114 can be reduced under a certain condition of the deformation pressure of the extrusion billet 50, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the pressurizing portion 114 and avoiding the pressurizing portion 114 from cracking under the condition of being extruded. And after the blank 50 fills the extrusion forming spaces at the extrusion part 111 and the transition part 112, the pressurizing part 114 can apply a larger reverse acting force to the blank 50, so that the deformation speed of the blank 50 in the second cavity 13 is increased, and the machining efficiency of the cross shaft is improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the pressurizing portion 114 is recessed away from the pressing portion 111 in the radial direction of the first cavity 12.
In this embodiment, by providing the pressurizing portion 114 in a structure of being recessed away from the extrusion portion 111 in the radial direction of the first cavity 12, the surface of the pressurizing portion 114 abutting against the billet 50 can be formed into an arc surface, so that the contact area between the pressurizing portion 114 and the billet 50 can be increased, and when the billet 50 abuts against the pressurizing portion 114 in the deformation process, the pressure of the billet 50 to the pressurizing portion 114 can be reduced under a certain condition of the deformation pressure of the extrusion billet 50, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the pressurizing portion 114 and avoiding the pressurizing portion 114 from generating cracks under the condition of being extruded. And after the blank 50 fills the extrusion forming spaces at the extrusion part 111 and the transition part 112, the pressurizing part 114 can apply a larger reverse acting force to the blank 50, so that the deformation speed of the blank 50 in the second cavity 13 is increased, and the machining efficiency of the cross shaft is improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the flash forming groove 14 penetrates the outer circumferential surface of the die body 11.
In this embodiment, by arranging the flash forming groove 14 to penetrate the outer circumferential surface of the die body 11, the extrusion space can be communicated with the outside, when the blank 50 is extruded, the gas in the extrusion space is compressed, the compressed gas can be discharged from the flash forming groove 14, and the gas is prevented from expanding due to extrusion, and the air pressure in the first die cavity 12 and the second die cavity 13 is increased, so that the first die unit 10 and the second die unit 20 are expanded.
In some embodiments, the bottom of the mold body 11 of the second mold unit 20 is concavely provided with a flash forming groove 14, and the flash forming groove 14 is communicated with the first cavity 12 and the second cavity 13.
In this embodiment, the flash forming groove 14 is also concavely formed at the bottom of the die body 11 of the second die unit 20, and the flash forming groove 14 is communicated with the first cavity 12 and the second cavity 13, so that the same flash forming groove 14 is formed on the first die unit 10 and the second die unit 20, when the blank 50 is extruded, part of the blank 50 can be extruded into the flash forming groove 14 in the first die unit 10 and the second die unit 20 today, and the pressure applied to the first die unit 10 and the second die unit 20 can be more uniform while the friction force applied to the blank 50 is further increased, so that a more complete cross shaft can be extruded.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the included angle between the central axes of two adjacent second cavities 13 is 90 °.
In this embodiment, the included angle between the central lines of the two adjacent second cavities 13 is set to 90 °, so that the four second cavities 13 are set at equal intervals, and it is able to achieve that the extrusion force received by each second cavity 13 is more uniform during the extrusion process of the blank 50, thereby obtaining a relatively regular cross axle.
In some embodiments, the transition portion 112 gradually decreases in inner diameter along the axial direction of the second cavity 13 from a portion near the end of the pressing portion 111 to a portion connected to the rounded portion 113.
In this embodiment, by gradually reducing the inner diameter of the transition portion 112 along the axial direction of the second cavity 13 from the end near the extrusion portion 111 to the end connected to the rounded portion 113, the arrangement can enable the deformation speed of the blank 50 to be slightly increased when the blank 50 enters the space of the rounded portion 113 after the blank 50 fills the space at the extrusion portion 111 and the transition portion 112 of the first die unit 10 and the second die unit 20 in the extrusion process, thereby filling the second cavity 13 and further improving the machining efficiency of the cross.
The embodiment provides a machining method of a cross shaft, which comprises the following steps:
step S11, based on the first die unit 10 and the second die unit 20 being clamped, a second cavity 13 on the first die unit 10 and a second cavity 13 on the first die unit 10 are surrounded to form an extrusion space, and a first cavity 12 on the first die unit 10 and a first cavity 12 on the second die unit 20 are surrounded to form a storage space;
step S12, placing a blank 50 in the storage space based on the storage space;
And S13, based on the fact that the blank 50 is placed in the storage space, the first ejector rod 30 and the second ejector rod 40 are driven to extrude the blank 50 to deform to a second shape, wherein the deformation of the blank 50 to the second shape comprises the fact that the blank 50 extends along the radial direction of the storage space, is in interference fit with the extrusion part 111, the pressurizing part 114, the transition part 112 and the smooth part 113 in sequence, and then fills the extrusion forming space.
In the present embodiment, the billet 50 is pressed into contact with the pressing portion 111, the pressurizing portion 114, the transition portion 112, and the rounded portion 113 in the order of first abutting against the pressing portion 111, then entering the flash forming groove 14 to abut against the pressurizing portion 114, then abutting against the transition portion 112, and preferably abutting against the transition portion 112. By arranging the flash forming groove 14, when the blank 50 is extruded, part of the blank 50 enters the flash forming groove 14, the flash forming groove 14 can increase the resistance to the blank 50 when being extruded and deformed, and when the blank 50 is deformed and transited from the first cavity 12 to the second cavity 13, the deformation speed of the blank 50 in the process of entering the second cavity 13 from the first cavity 12 is reduced due to the part of the blank 50 entering the flash forming groove 14, so that the blank 50 can fill the forming extrusion space at the extrusion part 111 and the transition part 112, and a qualified cross shaft can be processed. In this embodiment, before the flash forming groove 14 is not provided, in the machining process of the cross, since the volume of the extrusion space at the second cavity 13 is smaller than that at the first cavity 12, when the blank 50 is deformed to the positions of the extrusion portion 111 and the transition portion 112 after extrusion, the deformation speed of the blank 50 will suddenly increase along the axial direction of the second cavity 13, which easily results in that the extrusion spaces of the extrusion portion 111 and the transition portion 112 cannot be fully filled, so that the machined cross is failed. The flash forming groove 14 is provided to increase the friction force of the blank 50 when it is extruded and deformed, so as to reduce the axial deformation speed of the blank 50 along the second cavity 13, and the pressurizing part 114 is provided to apply a force to the blank 50 in the flash forming groove 14 toward the extrusion part 111, so that the blank 50 is gathered at the extrusion part 111 on the basis of increasing the flash forming groove 14, so that the forming space between the extrusion part 111 and the transition part 112 is filled, and a qualified cross shaft is processed.
In this embodiment, the blank 50 is further formed with burrs on the cross after being machined into the cross, and the burrs need to be removed in order to obtain a finished cross.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples of implementing the disclosure, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202411558600.XA CN119098553B (en) | 2024-11-04 | 2024-11-04 | Cross shaft processing device and processing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202411558600.XA CN119098553B (en) | 2024-11-04 | 2024-11-04 | Cross shaft processing device and processing method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN119098553A true CN119098553A (en) | 2024-12-10 |
| CN119098553B CN119098553B (en) | 2025-02-28 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119910113A (en) * | 2025-04-01 | 2025-05-02 | 浙江钱富传动股份有限公司 | A cross-shaft near-net-shape cold extrusion die |
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| CN212917477U (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-04-09 | 广东省韶铸集团有限公司（韶关铸锻总厂） | Semi-closed forging die |
| CN113000774A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-22 | 湖北红岩车桥实业有限公司 | Closed forging process for cross shaft |
| CN115283471A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 中北大学 | Forward extrusion uniform forming method for complex section |
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| CN119910113A (en) * | 2025-04-01 | 2025-05-02 | 浙江钱富传动股份有限公司 | A cross-shaft near-net-shape cold extrusion die |
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