CN119069738B - Fuel cell cogeneration system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell cogeneration system and control method thereofInfo
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- CN119069738B CN119069738B CN202310627996.8A CN202310627996A CN119069738B CN 119069738 B CN119069738 B CN 119069738B CN 202310627996 A CN202310627996 A CN 202310627996A CN 119069738 B CN119069738 B CN 119069738B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The application discloses a fuel cell cogeneration system and a control method thereof, wherein the control method comprises the steps of determining a target regulating quantity which does not accord with a corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value from the liquid outlet temperature of a hot side of a first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature of a cold side of the first heat exchanger, and determining the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value as a target liquid outlet temperature threshold value; the method comprises the steps of determining a feedback flow value of a first heat exchanger cold side based on a target adjustment quantity and a target outlet liquid temperature threshold value, determining a feedforward flow value of the first heat exchanger cold side based on a thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger, correcting the feedforward flow value based on the feedback flow value to obtain a target flow value of the first heat exchanger cold side, and controlling the flow of the first heat exchanger cold side based on the target flow value to enable the target adjustment quantity to meet the target outlet liquid temperature threshold value. Therefore, the purpose of considering both the power supply requirement and the heat supply requirement can be achieved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of cogeneration, in particular to a fuel cell cogeneration system and a control method thereof.
Background
Cogeneration (Combined heat and power, abbreviated as CHP) refers to the simultaneous utilization of electric energy and heat energy generated by energy sources, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the energy sources. Currently, cogeneration systems may use not only conventional fuel engines or gas turbines, but also renewable or semi-renewable energy sources, with higher efficiency, quieter operating processes, and simpler routine maintenance requirements than heat engine-based cogeneration systems.
The fuel cell cogeneration system can simultaneously and efficiently generate electricity and supply heat, and is beneficial to reducing primary energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission and air pollution. The main idea of the fuel cell cogeneration system is to utilize the cooling water (usually at 70-80 ℃) flowing out of the electric pile to exchange heat with a heat device to realize the utilization of heat energy. For example, domestic water such as kitchen water and toilet water can be heated by cooling water.
Conventional fuel cell cogeneration systems typically place a emphasis on the priority of heating and power. Or the power supply requirement is preferentially met, the liquid outlet temperature at the hot end of the heat exchanger is preferentially ensured to be stable, and the output power of the fuel cell is further ensured to be stable. But the temperature stability of the liquid outlet at the cold end of the heat exchanger is relatively poor, and the heat supply stability is further affected. It is often necessary to add other heating devices to compensate for the heat demand of the heat-consuming device in order to meet the heat demand of the heat-consuming device, which increases investment costs and use costs. Or the heat supply requirement is preferentially met, but the condition of frequently adjusting the output power of the fuel cell is easy to occur, and the service life of the fuel cell is influenced. Therefore, the performance of the conventional fuel cell cogeneration system is still to be improved in terms of both the power supply requirement and the heat supply requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present application provides a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system and a fuel cell cogeneration system.
The first aspect of the application provides a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system, which comprises a fuel cell, a first heat exchange component and a second heat exchange component, wherein the first heat exchange component comprises a first heat exchanger, the hot side of the first heat exchanger is connected with the fuel cell to form a first heat exchange loop, the second heat exchange component comprises a second heat exchanger, the hot side of the second heat exchanger is connected with the cold side of the first heat exchanger to form a second heat exchange loop, and the cold side of the second heat exchanger is used for being connected with heat equipment, and the method comprises the following steps:
determining a target adjustment amount which does not accord with a corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value from the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, and determining the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value as a target liquid outlet temperature threshold value;
determining a feedback flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the target adjustment amount and the target outlet liquid temperature threshold;
determining a feedforward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on a thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger, wherein the thermodynamic model is capable of characterizing heat exchange characteristics of the first heat exchanger;
correcting the feedforward flow value based on the feedback flow value to obtain a target flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger;
and controlling the flow rate of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the target flow rate value so as to enable the target regulating variable to meet the target liquid outlet temperature threshold value.
In some embodiments, the determining a feed forward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger comprises:
And determining a feedforward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the target liquid outlet temperature threshold by using the thermodynamic model.
In some embodiments, the first heat exchange assembly further comprises a radiator connected between the liquid inlet of the fuel cell and the liquid outlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger, and the control method further comprises:
Determining a target heat dissipation power of the radiator based on the outlet liquid temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger;
And controlling the radiator to radiate heat of the heat exchange medium output by the hot side of the first heat exchanger based on the target radiating power.
In some embodiments, the determining a target adjustment amount from the outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger that does not meet a corresponding outlet temperature threshold, and determining a corresponding outlet temperature threshold as a target outlet temperature threshold, comprises:
Under the condition that the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger does not accord with the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value, determining the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger as a target regulating quantity, and determining the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value as a target liquid outlet temperature threshold value;
And under the condition that the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger accords with the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value and the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger does not accord with the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value, determining the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger as a target regulating variable, and determining the liquid outlet temperature threshold value of the hot side of the first heat exchanger as a target liquid outlet temperature threshold value.
In some embodiments, the determining a feed forward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger comprises:
And under the condition that the target adjustment quantity is the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, determining the feedforward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger through the thermodynamic model based on the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature threshold value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the determining a feed forward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger comprises:
Determining, by the thermal model, a predicted liquid outlet temperature and a first predicted flow value for the first heat exchanger cold side based on the liquid inlet temperature for the first heat exchanger hot side, the liquid inlet temperature for the first heat exchanger cold side, and a liquid outlet temperature threshold for the first heat exchanger hot side, if the target adjustment is the liquid outlet temperature for the first heat exchanger hot side;
And taking the first predicted flow value as the feedforward flow value under the condition that the predicted liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger accords with the liquid outlet temperature threshold value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the determining a feed forward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger further comprises:
And under the condition that the predicted liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger does not accord with the liquid outlet temperature threshold value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, determining a second predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger through the thermal model based on the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature threshold value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, and taking the second predicted flow value as the feedforward flow value.
In some embodiments, the thermal model is constructed by the following formula:
Wherein W h represents the flow value of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, W c represents the flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, C p,h represents the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, C p,c represents the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, T h,in represents the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, T h,out represents the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, T c,out represents the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, T c,in represents the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, q is the heat exchange heat, h represents the heat exchange coefficient of the first heat exchanger, A represents the heat exchange area of the first heat exchanger, deltaT m represents the logarithmic temperature difference ,ΔTm＝(Th,in-Tc,out-Th,out+Tc,in)/ln((Th,in-Tc,out)/(Th,out-Tc,in).
A second embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell cogeneration system comprising:
A fuel cell;
the fuel cell comprises a fuel cell, a first heat exchange assembly, a first infusion pump, a second heat exchange assembly, a first heat exchange assembly and a second heat exchange assembly, wherein the hot side of the first heat exchanger is connected with the fuel cell to form a first heat exchange loop;
The second heat exchange assembly comprises a second heat exchanger and a second infusion pump, wherein the hot side of the second heat exchanger is connected with the cold side of the first heat exchanger to form a second heat exchange loop, and the cold side of the second heat exchanger is used for being connected with heat utilization equipment;
A controller connected to the first infusion pump and the second infusion pump, respectively, the controller configured to:
determining a target adjustment amount which does not accord with a corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value from the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, and determining the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value as a target liquid outlet temperature threshold value;
determining a feedback flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the target adjustment amount and the target outlet liquid temperature threshold;
determining a feedforward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on a thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger, wherein the thermodynamic model is capable of characterizing heat exchange characteristics of the first heat exchanger;
correcting the feedforward flow value based on the feedback flow value to obtain a target flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger;
And controlling the infusion flow of the second infusion pump based on the target flow value so that the target adjustment amount meets the target outlet liquid temperature threshold value.
In some embodiments, the first heat exchange assembly further comprises a radiator connected between the liquid inlet of the fuel cell and the liquid outlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the controller further configured to:
Determining a target heat dissipation power of the radiator based on the outlet liquid temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger;
And controlling the radiator to radiate heat of the heat exchange medium output by the hot side of the first heat exchanger based on the target radiating power.
According to the control method of the fuel cell cogeneration system, through periodic circulation regulation and control, the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger can be kept near corresponding liquid outlet temperature thresholds, so that the liquid inlet temperature of a heat exchange medium of the fuel cell can be kept stable, the stable power generation of the fuel cell can be maintained, the service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged, the heat utilization temperature requirement of heat utilization equipment can be met, and the purposes of both power supply requirement and heat supply requirement can be achieved to a certain extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to a first embodiment of the application;
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of another part of the control method of the fuel cell cogeneration system of the first embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3a is a flow chart of a portion of a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to a second embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3b is another partial flow chart of a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to a second embodiment of the application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to a third embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
Various aspects and features of the present application are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments of the application herein. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting, but merely as exemplification of the embodiments. Other modifications within the scope and spirit of the application will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with a general description of the application given above, and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the application.
These and other characteristics of the application will become apparent from the following description of a preferred form of embodiment, given as a non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is also to be understood that, although the application has been described with reference to some specific examples, those skilled in the art can certainly realize many other equivalent forms of the application.
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Specific embodiments of the application will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which, however, it is to be understood that the embodiments so applied are merely examples of the application, which may be practiced in various ways. Well-known and/or repeated functions and constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the application in unnecessary or unnecessary detail. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present application in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.
The specification may use the word "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," "in yet another embodiment," or "in other embodiments," which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments in accordance with the application.
A first embodiment of the present application provides a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system. Referring to fig. 4, the fuel cell cogeneration system can include a fuel cell 319, a first heat exchange assembly, and a second heat exchange assembly.
The first heat exchange assembly comprises a first heat exchanger 317, and the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 is connected with the fuel cell 319 to form a first heat exchange loop. In particular, the fuel cell 319 may have a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet for the heat exchange medium. The liquid inlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 may be connected to the liquid outlet of the fuel cell 319, and the liquid outlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 may be connected to the liquid inlet of the fuel cell 319, so that the heat exchange medium can circulate between the fuel cell 319 and the first heat exchanger 317.
The second heat exchange assembly comprises a second heat exchanger 323, the hot side of the second heat exchanger 323 is connected with the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 to form a second heat exchange loop, and the cold side of the second heat exchanger 323 is used for being connected with a heat utilization device 331. Specifically, the liquid inlet on the hot side of the second heat exchanger 323 may be connected to the liquid outlet on the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, and the liquid outlet on the hot side of the second heat exchanger 323 may be connected to the liquid inlet on the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, so that the heat exchange medium may circulate between the first heat exchanger 317 and the second heat exchanger 323. It will be appreciated that the heat exchange medium in the first and second heat exchange circuits may be the same or different.
The fuel cell 319 reacts to generate electric energy while supplying heat energy to the heat-consuming device 331 through the first heat exchange assembly and the second heat exchange assembly. The types of the fuel cell 319 and the heat utilization device 331 are not limited, and various types of fuel cells 319 may be used and various types of heat utilization devices 331 may be supplied with heat when the present invention is embodied. For example, the fuel cell 319 may supply power to a living environment, an office environment, or a power grid, and may heat living water such as kitchen water or toilet water through the first heat exchange assembly and the second heat exchange assembly.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the application, and referring to fig. 1, the control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the application may specifically include the following steps.
S110, determining a target regulating quantity which does not accord with a corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value from the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, and determining the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value as a target liquid outlet temperature threshold value.
Optionally, a temperature sensor T3, a temperature sensor T4, a temperature sensor T5, and a temperature sensor T6 may be respectively disposed at the liquid inlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid outlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid inlet on the cold side of the first heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet on the cold side of the first heat exchanger, as shown in fig. 1. The temperature sensor T4 is used for detecting the temperature T h,out of the liquid outlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the temperature sensor T6 is used for detecting the temperature T c,out of the liquid outlet on the cold side of the first heat exchanger, and the temperature T h,out of the liquid outlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the temperature T c,out of the liquid outlet on the cold side of the first heat exchanger are respectively compared with corresponding temperature thresholds to determine whether T h,out and T c,out meet the corresponding liquid outlet temperature thresholds.
Optionally, the outlet temperature threshold of the hot side of the first heat exchanger may include a hot side lower limit temperature value T hmin, a hot side upper limit temperature value T hmax, and a hot side target temperature value T ht located between the hot side lower limit temperature value T hmin and the hot side upper limit temperature value T hmax. And when T h,out∈[Thmin,Thmax is met, determining that the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger meets the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value, otherwise, determining that the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger does not meet the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value.
Optionally, the outlet temperature threshold of the cold side of the first heat exchanger may include a cold side target temperature value T ct. And when T c,out＞Tct is carried out, determining that the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger meets the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value, and when the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger does not meet the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value, determining that the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger does not meet the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value. It can be appreciated that the outlet temperature thresholds of the hot side and the cold side of the first heat exchanger may be set according to actual requirements, and when the outlet temperature thresholds are different, the mode of judging whether the outlet temperature accords with the corresponding outlet temperature threshold may not be able to be performed.
Optionally, when the outlet temperature T h,out at the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the outlet temperature T c,out at the cold side of the first heat exchanger both meet the corresponding outlet temperature thresholds, the current control logic may be kept unchanged, and monitoring of T h,out and T c,out may be continued.
When one of the outlet temperature T h,out on the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the outlet temperature T c,out on the cold side of the first heat exchanger meets the corresponding outlet temperature threshold, and the other does not meet the corresponding outlet temperature threshold, one of the outlet temperature thresholds T h,out and T c,out that does not meet the corresponding outlet temperature threshold may be determined as a target adjustment amount, and the outlet temperature threshold corresponding to the target adjustment amount may be determined as a target outlet temperature threshold.
For example, when the outlet temperature T h,out of the hot side of the first heat exchanger meets the outlet temperature threshold of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the outlet temperature T c,out of the cold side of the first heat exchanger does not meet the outlet temperature threshold of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, T c,out may be determined as the target adjustment amount.
When the outlet temperature T h,out at the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the outlet temperature T c,out at the cold side of the first heat exchanger do not meet the corresponding outlet temperature threshold values, one of the outlet temperatures T h,out and T c,out may be selected as the target adjustment amount. For example, one of T h,out and T c,out that deviates from the corresponding temperature threshold value is a target adjustment amount, or one of T h,out and T c,out that has a higher priority may be selected as a target adjustment amount based on the priority.
It will be appreciated that the target adjustment amount and the target outlet liquid temperature threshold may be redetermined at each one or more adjustment cycles at the time of actual application.
S120, determining a feedback flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the target adjustment amount and the target liquid outlet temperature threshold.
Alternatively, a difference Δtα between the target adjustment amount and the target outlet liquid temperature threshold may be determined, and the difference Δtα may be used as input data to a proportional-integral (PI) controller. And determining a feedback flow value Wcb of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the proportional coefficient Kp, the integral coefficient Ki and the difference value delta T alpha through a PI controller. It will be appreciated that the feedback flow value Wcb may also be determined by other methods.
S130, determining a feedforward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger. Wherein the thermodynamic model is capable of characterizing heat exchange characteristics of the first heat exchanger.
Alternatively, a thermodynamic model may be constructed in advance based on the heat exchange characteristics of the first heat exchanger, and the thermodynamic model may be a mathematical model. Parameters such as the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the flow of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the like can be used as input data of the thermodynamic model, and the feedforward flow value Wcf of the cold side of the first heat exchanger is determined through the thermodynamic model.
And S140, correcting the feedforward flow value based on the feedback flow value, and acquiring a target flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger.
Alternatively, the feed forward flow value may be used as a base amount for the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the feedback flow value may be used as an adjustment amount for the cold side of the first heat exchanger. The feedback flow value may be used to correct the feedforward flow value to generate a target flow value on the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on determining the feedback flow value and the feedforward flow value.
Alternatively, the target flow value for the cold side of the first heat exchanger may be determined based on the following formula:
Wc=Wcf+Wcb(1).
Wherein Wc represents a target flow value for the cold side of the first heat exchanger, wcf represents a feed forward flow value, wcb represents a feedback flow value.
And S150, controlling the flow of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the target flow value so as to enable the target regulating variable to meet the target liquid outlet temperature threshold.
Optionally, a first infusion pump may be disposed on the first heat exchange circuit, and the first infusion pump may be configured to power a flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange circuit. The second heat exchange loop may be provided with a second infusion pump at least for powering the flow of heat exchange medium in the cold side of the first heat exchanger. On the basis of determining the target flow value, the power of the second infusion pump can be controlled based on the target flow value, and the flow of the cold side of the first heat exchanger can be regulated and controlled so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the temperature of the liquid outlet of the cold side of the first heat exchanger or the temperature of the liquid outlet of the hot side of the first heat exchanger. The target regulating quantity can be enabled to be in line with the target liquid outlet temperature threshold value in the current regulating period. Through periodic circulation regulation and control, the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger can both tend to accord with corresponding liquid outlet temperature thresholds.
According to the control method of the fuel cell cogeneration system, through periodic circulation regulation and control, the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger can be kept near the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold, so that the liquid inlet temperature of a heat exchange medium of the fuel cell can be kept stable, the stable power generation power of the fuel cell can be maintained, the service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged, the heat utilization temperature requirement of heat utilization equipment can be met, and the purposes of both power supply requirement and heat supply requirement can be achieved to a certain extent.
In some embodiments, the thermal model is constructed based on the following formula:
Wherein W h represents the flow value of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, W c represents the flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, C p,h represents the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, C p,c represents the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, T h,in represents the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, T h,out represents the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, T c,out represents the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, T c,in represents the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, q is the heat exchange heat, h represents the heat exchange coefficient of the first heat exchanger, A represents the heat exchange area of the first heat exchanger, deltaT m represents the logarithmic temperature difference ,ΔTm＝(Th,in-Tc,out-Th,out+Tc,in)/ln((Th,in-Tc,out)/(Th,out-Tc,in).
Optionally, the flow value W h on the hot side of the first heat exchanger may be detected by a flow sensor, or may be determined based on the first infusion pump operating parameter. For example, the flow value W h on the hot side of the first heat exchanger may be determined based on the power or rotational speed of the first infusion pump. The inlet temperature T h,in on the hot side of the first heat exchanger may be detected by temperature sensor T3 and the inlet temperature T c,in on the cold side of the first heat exchanger may be detected by temperature sensor T5. The hot side target temperature value T ht of the first heat exchanger may be used as the outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, and the predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the predicted outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger may be determined by a thermodynamic model. The target temperature value T ct of the cold side of the first heat exchanger can also be used as the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, and the predicted liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger are determined through a thermodynamic model.
In some embodiments, step S130, determining a feed forward flow value for the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger, may include the following steps.
And determining a feedforward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the target liquid outlet temperature threshold by using the thermodynamic model.
On the basis of determining the inlet liquid temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the inlet liquid temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, the feed-forward flow value of the hot side of the first heat exchanger is determined on the premise that the outlet liquid temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger accords with a corresponding temperature threshold value or on the premise that the outlet liquid temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger accords with a corresponding temperature threshold value, and then a target flow value is determined, and the determined target flow value is favorable for achieving the purpose that the target adjustment quantity accords with the target outlet liquid temperature threshold value.
For example, in the case where the target adjustment amount is the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, the cold side target temperature value T ct of the first heat exchanger may be used as the liquid outlet temperature T c,out of the cold side of the first heat exchanger in equation (2), and the predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the predicted liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger may be determined by a thermodynamic model.
Also for example, in the case where the target adjustment amount is the outlet liquid temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the hot side target temperature value T ht of the first heat exchanger may be taken as the outlet liquid temperature T h,out of the hot side of the first heat exchanger in formula (2), and the predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the predicted outlet liquid temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger may be determined by a thermodynamic model.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the first heat exchange assembly further includes a radiator, where the radiator is connected between the liquid inlet of the fuel cell and the liquid outlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger, and the radiator is used to radiate heat from and cool down the heat exchange medium output by the first heat exchanger.
On the basis, the control method further comprises the following steps in combination with the method shown in fig. 2.
S160, determining target heat dissipation power of the radiator based on the outlet liquid temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger.
S170, controlling the radiator to radiate heat of the heat exchange medium output from the hot side of the first heat exchanger based on the target radiating power.
Alternatively, the hot side target temperature value T ht of the first heat exchanger may be determined based on the target feed liquid temperature of the fuel cell and the heat loss characteristics of the line. That is, the hot side target temperature value T ht has considered the line loss. On this basis, the target heat radiation power of the radiator can be determined based on the outlet liquid temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the hot side target temperature value T ht.
For example, a temperature sensor T4 may be disposed near the outlet on the hot side of the first heat exchanger, and the detection result of the temperature sensor T4 may be used as the outlet temperature on the hot side of the first heat exchanger. Then, a target heat dissipation power of the heat sink is determined based on the difference between T4 and T ht.
And when the liquid outlet temperature at the hot side of the first heat exchanger is higher than the target liquid inlet temperature of the fuel cell, the heat exchange medium can be cooled by the heat radiator so as to maintain the liquid inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell to be stable and further maintain the power generation of the fuel cell to be stable.
A second embodiment of the present application provides a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system. Referring to fig. 4, the fuel cell cogeneration system includes a fuel cell 319, a first heat exchange assembly, and a second heat exchange assembly.
The first heat exchange assembly may include a first heat exchanger 317, a first infusion pump 311, a radiator 318, a heater 313, a first three-way valve 312, a second three-way valve 314, a first valve 316, and a second valve 315. The fuel cell 319, the first infusion pump 311, the first three-way valve 312, the first valve 316, the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, the radiator 318, and the second three-way valve 314 may be sequentially connected to form a first heat exchange circuit. The heater 313 may be connected between the first three-way valve 312 and the second three-way valve 314 to form a heating branch. The second valve 315 may be connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger 317 to form a bypass branch. The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the fuel cell 319 may be provided with temperature sensors T1 and T2, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 may be provided with temperature sensors T3 and T4, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 may be provided with temperature sensors T5 and T6, respectively, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the heat radiator 318 may be provided with temperature sensors T7 and T8, respectively.
The second heat exchange assembly may include a second heat exchanger 323, a second infusion pump 321, and a buffer container 322, the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, the second infusion pump 321, the hot side of the second heat exchanger 323, and the buffer container 322 may be sequentially connected to form a second heat exchange circuit, and the cold side of the second heat exchanger 323 may be connected to the heat utilization device 331. The buffer container 322 is used for temporarily storing the heat exchange medium in the second heat exchange circuit.
Referring to fig. 3a and 3b, a control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to a second embodiment of the application may specifically include the following steps.
S201, starting the fuel cell cogeneration system.
Alternatively, the target generated power of the fuel cell may be set in advance. In the process of starting the fuel cell to raise the temperature, the heating branch can be conducted through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, the second valve is opened to conduct the bypass branch, and the first valve is closed to disconnect the hot side of the first heat exchanger. The heat exchange medium does not flow through the first heat exchanger, the flow of the heat exchange medium flowing through the bypass branch and the heating branch can be adjusted by adjusting the first three-way valve, and the heat exchange medium is heated by the heater, so that the reaction temperature in the fuel cell is improved. And when the outlet liquid temperature of the fuel cell reaches a corresponding outlet liquid temperature threshold value, the heater can be turned off.
The infusion flow rate of the first infusion pump may be determined based on the target generated power of the fuel cell. For example, a relationship between infusion flow and generated power may be constructed based on empirical and/or experimental detection results, and a target infusion flow for the first infusion pump may be determined based on the relationship and the target generated power.
S202, regulating and controlling the state of the radiator.
Alternatively, whether to turn on the radiator may be determined based on the detection result of the temperature sensor T7 or the temperature sensor T4. Alternatively, in the case where the first heat exchanger is not turned on, whether to turn on the radiator may be determined based on the detection result of the temperature sensor T7. In the case where the first heat exchanger is already turned on, it may be determined whether to turn on the radiator based on the detection result of the temperature sensor T4.
Alternatively, the heat sink may be controlled based on a hysteresis control principle. Specifically, the thermal side target temperature value T ht,Tht of the first heat exchanger may be set to be slightly higher than the target liquid inlet temperature of the fuel cell based on the target liquid inlet temperature of the fuel cell and the heat loss of the pipeline, so as to exactly meet the target liquid inlet temperature of the fuel cell when the heat exchange medium is conveyed to the liquid inlet of the fuel cell through the pipeline. The detection result of the temperature sensor T7 may be referred to as T7, and the detection result of the temperature sensor T4 may be referred to as T4. On this basis, the heat sink may be turned on when T7> T hmax or T4> T hmax. The heat sink may be turned off when T7< T ht or T4< T ht. The current state of the heat sink may be maintained unchanged at either T ht≤T7≤Thmax or T ht≤T4≤Thmax.
Alternatively, the heat dissipation power of the heat sink may be determined based on the difference between T4 and T ht, or based on the difference between T7 and T ht. For example, during a fuel cell cogeneration system start-up phase, the heat rejection power of the heat sink may be determined based on the difference between T7 and T ht. During a steady operation phase of the fuel cell cogeneration system, the heat dissipation power of the radiator can be determined based on the difference between T4 and T ht.
S203, regulating and controlling the state of the hot side of the first heat exchanger.
Alternatively, the state of the hot side of the first heat exchanger may be controlled based on hysteresis control principles. For example, the detection result of the temperature sensor T1 may be referred to as T1, the detection result of the temperature sensor T3 may be referred to as T3, and the detection result of the temperature sensor T5 may be referred to as T5. A temperature difference Δtβ may be preset. For example, if the feed temperature on the hot side of the first heat exchanger is required to be 10 ℃ higher than the feed temperature on the cold side of the first heat exchanger, Δtβ=10 ℃. When the hot side of the first heat exchanger is not opened, it can be determined whether T1 is greater than t5+Δtβ. If T1 is greater than T5+DeltaTbeta, the first valve is opened to conduct the hot side of the first heat exchanger, and the second valve is closed to close the bypass branch. When the hot side of the first heat exchanger is opened, whether T3 is smaller than T5 can be judged, if T3 is smaller than T5, a second valve is opened to open a bypass branch, and the first valve is closed to disconnect the hot side of the first heat exchanger.
S204, judging whether the hot side of the first heat exchanger is conducted. If not, step S203 is performed. If so, S205 is performed.
S205, judging whether the outlet liquid temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger accords with a corresponding outlet liquid temperature threshold value.
Alternatively, the detection result of the temperature sensor T6 may be denoted as T6. Based on this, it can be determined whether T6 is greater than T ct. If T6 is less than or equal to T ct, steps S206 to S209 are performed. If T6> T ct, then step S210 is performed.
S206, determining the outlet liquid temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger as a target adjustment amount, and determining a corresponding outlet liquid temperature threshold as a target outlet liquid temperature threshold.
S207, determining a feedback flow value Wcb on the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the target adjustment amount and the target outlet liquid temperature threshold.
Alternatively, the difference Δtα between the outlet liquid temperature T c,out on the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the target temperature value T ct on the cold side of the first heat exchanger may be determined. Specifically, T6 may be taken as the outlet temperature T c,out on the cold side of the first heat exchanger, so Δtα=t ct -T6. The difference Δtα is taken as input data to a proportional-integral (PI) controller. And determining a feedback flow value Wcb of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the proportional coefficient Kp, the integral coefficient Ki and the difference value delta T alpha through a PI controller.
S208, determining a predicted liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger and a predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger through the thermodynamic model based on the liquid inlet temperature T h,in of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid inlet temperature T c,in of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the target temperature value T ct of the cold side of the first heat exchanger, and taking the predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger as a feed-forward flow value Wcf of the cold side of the first heat exchanger.
S209, judging whether the outlet liquid temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger accords with a corresponding outlet liquid temperature threshold value.
Alternatively, it may be determined whether T4 is within [ T hmin,Thmax ]. If T4 ε [ T hmin,Thmax ], then proceed to step S205. If T4< T hmin or T4> T hmax, steps S210 to S213 are performed.
S210, determining the outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger as a target adjustment amount, and determining a corresponding outlet temperature threshold as a target outlet temperature threshold.
S211, determining a feedback flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the target adjustment amount and the target liquid outlet temperature threshold.
Alternatively, the difference Δtα between the outlet temperature T h,out on the hot side of the first heat exchanger and the hot side target temperature value T ht of the first heat exchanger may be determined, and the difference Δtα may be used as input data for a proportional-integral (PI) controller. And determining a feedback flow value Wcb of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the proportional coefficient Kp, the integral coefficient Ki and the difference value delta T alpha through a PI controller.
S212, determining a predicted liquid outlet temperature T c,out' of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and a first predicted flow value Wc1 of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the liquid inlet temperature T h,in of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the liquid inlet temperature T c,in of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the hot side target temperature value T ht of the first heat exchanger through the thermal model.
S213, judging whether the predicted liquid outlet temperature T c,out' of the cold side of the first heat exchanger accords with the liquid outlet temperature threshold of the cold side of the first heat exchanger. If yes, step S214 is performed, and if no, step S215 is performed.
Alternatively, it may be determined whether T c,out' is greater than the cold-side target temperature value T ct. If T c,out′＞Tct, step S214 is performed, and if T c,out′≤Tct, step S215 is performed.
S214, taking the first predicted flow value Wc1 of the cold side of the first heat exchanger as the feedforward flow value Wcf of the cold side of the first heat exchanger.
S215, determining a second predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger based on the feed-in temperature T h,in of the hot side of the first heat exchanger, the feed-in temperature T c,in of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and the target temperature value T ct of the cold side of the first heat exchanger through the thermodynamic model, and taking the second predicted flow value as the feed-forward flow value Wcf.
S216, correcting the feedforward flow value based on the feedback flow value, and acquiring a target flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger.
Alternatively, the target flow value for the cold side of the first heat exchanger may be determined based on the following formula:
Wc=Wcf+Wcb
Wherein Wc represents a target flow value for the cold side of the first heat exchanger, wcf represents a feed forward flow value, wcb represents a feedback flow value.
S217, controlling the rotating speed of the second infusion pump based on the target flow value Wc so as to control the flow of the cold side of the first heat exchanger and enable the target regulating variable to meet the target outlet liquid temperature threshold.
A third embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell cogeneration system, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell cogeneration system according to the third embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 4, the fuel cell cogeneration system according to the third embodiment of the present application may include a fuel cell 319, a first heat exchange assembly, a second heat exchange assembly, and a controller.
The first heat exchange assembly comprises a first heat exchanger 317 and a first infusion pump 311, wherein the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 is connected with the fuel cell 319 to form a first heat exchange loop, and the first infusion pump 311 is arranged in the first heat exchange loop and is used for providing power for heat exchange medium flowing in the first heat exchange loop.
The second heat exchange assembly comprises a second heat exchanger 323 and a second infusion pump 321, wherein the hot side of the second heat exchanger 323 is connected with the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 to form a second heat exchange loop, the cold side of the second heat exchanger 323 is used for being connected with a heat utilization device 331, and the second infusion pump 321 is arranged in the second heat exchange loop and can at least provide power for heat exchange medium flowing in the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317.
A controller is connected to the first infusion pump 311 and the second infusion pump 321, respectively, the controller being configured to:
Determining a target adjustment amount which does not meet a corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value from the liquid outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 and the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, and determining the corresponding liquid outlet temperature threshold value as a target liquid outlet temperature threshold value;
Determining a feedback flow value on the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 based on the target adjustment amount and the target outlet liquid temperature threshold;
Determining a feed-forward flow value of a cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 based on a thermodynamic model of the first heat exchanger 317, wherein the thermodynamic model is capable of characterizing heat exchange characteristics of the first heat exchanger 317;
Correcting the feedforward flow value based on the feedback flow value to obtain a target flow value on the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317;
based on the target flow value, the infusion flow rate of the second infusion pump 321 is controlled so that the target adjustment amount meets the target outlet liquid temperature threshold.
In some embodiments, the controller is specifically configured to:
And determining a feedforward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 based on the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 and the target liquid outlet temperature threshold value by using the thermodynamic model.
In some embodiments, the first heat exchange assembly further comprises a radiator 318, the radiator 318 being connected between a liquid inlet of the fuel cell 319 and a liquid outlet on a hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, the controller being further configured to:
Determining a target heat dissipation power of the radiator 318 based on the outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317;
And controlling the radiator 318 to radiate heat of the heat exchange medium output from the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 based on the target radiating power.
Optionally, the first heat exchange assembly may further include a heater 313, a first three-way valve 312, a second three-way valve 314, a first valve 316, and a second valve 315. The fuel cell 319, the first infusion pump 311, the first three-way valve 312, the first valve 316, the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, the radiator 318, and the second three-way valve 314 may be sequentially connected to form a first heat exchange circuit. The heater 313 may be connected between the first three-way valve 312 and the second three-way valve 314 to form a heating branch. The second valve 315 may be connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger 317 to form a bypass branch. The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the fuel cell 319 may be provided with temperature sensors T1 and T2, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 may be provided with temperature sensors T3 and T4, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 may be provided with temperature sensors T5 and T6, respectively, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the heat radiator 318 may be provided with temperature sensors T7 and T8, respectively.
Optionally, the second heat exchange assembly may further include a buffer container 322, where the buffer container 322 may be disposed between a liquid outlet on a hot side of the second heat exchanger 323 and a liquid inlet on a cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, and the buffer container 322 is used for temporarily storing a heat exchange medium in the second heat exchange circuit. The second infusion pump 321 may be disposed between a liquid outlet on the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 and a liquid inlet on the hot side of the second heat exchanger 323.
In some embodiments, the controller is specifically configured to:
in the case that the outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 does not meet the corresponding outlet temperature threshold, determining the outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 as a target adjustment amount, and determining the corresponding outlet temperature threshold as a target outlet temperature threshold;
In a case where the outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 meets the corresponding outlet temperature threshold, and the outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 does not meet the corresponding outlet temperature threshold, determining the outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 as the target adjustment amount, and determining the outlet temperature threshold of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317 as the target outlet temperature threshold.
In some embodiments, the controller is specifically configured to:
in the case that the target adjustment amount is the liquid outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, determining, by the thermal model, a feedforward flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 based on the liquid inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, the liquid inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, and a liquid outlet temperature threshold of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317.
In some embodiments, the controller is specifically configured to:
Determining, by the thermal model, a predicted outlet temperature and a first predicted flow value for a cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 based on the inlet temperature for the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, the inlet temperature for the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, and the outlet temperature threshold for the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, if the target adjustment is the outlet temperature for the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317;
and taking the first predicted flow value as the feedforward flow value when the predicted outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 meets the outlet temperature threshold of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317.
In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to:
In a case that the predicted outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 does not meet the outlet temperature threshold of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, determining, by the thermal model, a second predicted flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317 based on the inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, the inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, and the outlet temperature threshold of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, and taking the second predicted flow value as the feedforward flow value.
In some embodiments, the thermal model is constructed by the following formula:
Wherein W h represents the flow value of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, W c represents the flow value of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, C p,h represents the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, C p,c represents the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, T h,in represents the inlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, T h,out represents the outlet temperature of the hot side of the first heat exchanger 317, T c,out represents the outlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, T c,in represents the inlet temperature of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 317, q is the heat exchange heat, h represents the heat exchange coefficient of the first heat exchanger 317, A represents the heat exchange area of the first heat exchanger 317, and DeltaT m represents the logarithmic temperature difference ,ΔTm＝(Th,in-Tc,out-Th,out+Tc,in)/ln((Th,in-Tc,out)/(Th,out-Tc,in).
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements of this application will occur to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the application.
Claims (9)
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| CN113437329A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 金华氢途科技有限公司 | Heat dissipation-adjustable fuel cell heat management system and control method |
| CN116053534A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-05-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Highly Adaptable Fuel Cell Thermal Management Control Method and System |
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| CN116053534A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-05-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Highly Adaptable Fuel Cell Thermal Management Control Method and System |
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