CN119057397A - A method for machining a V-type 12-cylinder engine crankshaft - Google Patents
A method for machining a V-type 12-cylinder engine crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN119057397A CN119057397A CN202411253747.8A CN202411253747A CN119057397A CN 119057397 A CN119057397 A CN 119057397A CN 202411253747 A CN202411253747 A CN 202411253747A CN 119057397 A CN119057397 A CN 119057397A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/07—Crankshafts
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种V型12缸发动机曲轴的加工方法，涉及发动机曲轴技术领域，涉及位置精确测量、主轴车削、连杆铣削、油道孔钻削、加工前后端螺纹等工序，从工艺优化、参数调整、方法创新等方面进行控制，在车削主轴轴颈时，采用主主轴与副主轴同时装夹，中心架根据加工主轴轴颈位置进行自动调整，在加工轴颈时，采用车铣结合的加工方式，在油道孔加工过程中，采用插补铣削对圆柱面上的油道孔位置进行定位，在钻削时采用分段进给参数，保证钻孔的精度，在加工前后端螺纹时，在底孔加工时针对淬火前的预钻孔采用插补铣削进行位置误差的纠正，从而有效保证了V型12缸发动机曲轴在粗加工中的各项精度要求。
The invention discloses a processing method for a V-type 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, relates to the technical field of engine crankshafts, and involves processes such as position precision measurement, spindle turning, connecting rod milling, oil channel hole drilling, and processing front and rear end threads. The method is controlled from aspects such as process optimization, parameter adjustment, and method innovation. When turning the spindle journal, the main spindle and the auxiliary spindle are clamped simultaneously, and the center frame is automatically adjusted according to the position of the spindle journal. When processing the journal, a turning and milling combination processing method is adopted. During the oil channel hole processing, interpolation milling is adopted to locate the oil channel hole position on the cylindrical surface. During drilling, segmented feed parameters are adopted to ensure the accuracy of drilling. When processing the front and rear end threads, interpolation milling is adopted for pre-drilling before quenching during bottom hole processing to correct the position error, thereby effectively ensuring various accuracy requirements of the V-type 12-cylinder engine crankshaft in rough processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engine crankshafts, in particular to a processing method of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft.
Background
In an automobile engine, a crankshaft is an important part, and is matched with a connecting rod, so that the reciprocating motion of the connecting rod is changed into rotary motion, and rotary power is transmitted to a transmission mechanism of a chassis. When the crankshaft works, the crankshaft is stressed by the action of gas pressure, inertia force and inertia moment, the stress is large and complex, and meanwhile, the crankshaft is a high-speed rotating piece, so that the crankshaft is required to have enough rigidity and strength, good capability of bearing impact load, wear resistance and good lubrication. The existing crankshaft production process comprises the steps of forging and forming a 42CrMoA blank by adopting a forging die made of die steel, and then rough machining and finish machining the crankshaft by utilizing professional custom equipment.
As shown in figure 1, the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft has the characteristics of 6 connecting rod journals, 7 main journals, 12 oil passage holes, a chain wheel, front and rear end threads and the like, and has the characteristics of complex structure, high precision, the total length of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft is about 730mm, the length-diameter ratio reaches 12, the bending deformation control difficulty is high and the like, and in the actual machining process, the precision is difficult to ensure by a conventional machining method, and the machining cost of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft is greatly increased due to high rejection rate.
The document (CN 106514161B) discloses a processing method of an engine crankshaft, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of S1, roughly turning a main journal and a connecting journal of the crankshaft, controlling the diameter of the main journal after roughly turning to be D1, controlling the diameter of the connecting journal after roughly turning to be D2, S2, finely turning the connecting journal, controlling the diameter of the connecting journal after finely turning to be D3, S3, sequentially performing semi-fine grinding on a four-gear main journal, a two-gear main journal, a three-gear main journal, a first-gear main journal and a five-gear main journal, controlling the diameter of the main journal after semi-fine grinding to be D4, opening width to be H1, S4, controlling the diameter of the connecting journal after semi-fine grinding to be D5, opening size H2, S5, rolling round corners on the main journal and the connecting journal, S6, performing secondary semi-fine grinding on the main journal, S7, using the set main journal as positioning, finely grinding the connecting journal, controlling the diameter of the connecting journal after fine grinding to be D6, opening width to be H8, and controlling the diameter of the main journal after fine grinding to be H7. However, the method has the problems of poor processing stability, high rejection rate, difficult precision guarantee and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention designs a processing method of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, which is controlled in the aspects of process optimization, parameter adjustment, method innovation and the like respectively for five working procedures of accurate position measurement, main shaft turning, connecting rod milling, oil duct hole drilling and front and rear end thread processing of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft on turning-milling composite machining center equipment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the processing method of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Accurate measurement position:
1.1 Confirming the axial zero point at the time of rough machining):
1.11 Measuring a zero point position by adopting a machine tool measuring head, and determining the right end face of an M5 main journal of a crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine as an axial machining zero point reference R50;
1.12 Measuring the position coordinates of two side end surfaces of a connecting rod journal P1 of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft by using the machine tool measuring head, determining the center position coordinates R51 of two side end surfaces of the connecting rod journal P1, taking an offset R52 by using the coordinates R51 and the axial machining zero reference R50 in the step 1.11), 1.13) measuring the position coordinates of two side end surfaces of a connecting rod journal P6 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft by using the machine tool measuring head, determining the center position coordinates R53 of two side end surfaces of the connecting rod journal P6, taking an offset R54 by using the coordinates R53 and the axial machining zero reference R50 in the step 1.11), taking an average value of (R52+R54)/2 as R55, shifting the coordinate system by R55 on the basis of the R50, and accurately determining the axial position of a die forging blank of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft;
1.2 Determining the C-axis position of a V-type 12-cylinder engine crankshaft:
1.21 Measuring the C-axis position of a connecting rod journal P1 of a crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine, and determining the C-axis position as a zero reference R61;
1.22 Measuring the C-axis positions R62, R63, R64, R65 and R66 of connecting rod journals P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine in sequence, calculating actual offset amounts R612, R613, R614, R615 and R616 of the zero reference R61 in the steps 1.21) and R63, R64, R65 and R66 and the zero reference R61, taking average offset amounts (R612+R613+R614+R615+R616)/5=R60, and determining the C-axis position of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine during processing according to the C-axis degree offset (61-R60) of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine, and 2) spindle journal processing:
2.1 Clamping the left side of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft by adopting a main shaft chuck 9, moving a center frame 10 to a main journal M4 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, supporting the right side of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft by adopting a secondary main shaft clamping center 11, and processing the flange outer diameter of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft and the stepped outer circle at the front end of the flange;
2.2 The auxiliary main shaft clamping center 11 is retracted, the main shaft chuck 9 is adopted to clamp the outer circle of the chain wheel end of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, the auxiliary main shaft chuck 12 is adopted to clamp the stepped outer circle of the front end of the connecting flange of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, the center frame 10 is moved to the main journal M7 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, and the main journals M6, M5, M4, M3, M2 and M1 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft are processed;
3) Machining a connecting rod journal:
The main shaft chuck 9 is used for clamping the outer circle of the chain wheel end of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, the auxiliary main shaft chuck 12 is used for clamping the stepped outer circle of the front end of the connecting flange of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, the center frame 10 is moved to the main journal M4 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, the connecting rod neck 3 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft and the balance weights 4 on the two sides of the connecting rod neck 3 are rapidly subjected to rough machining in an eccentric milling mode, the thicknesses of the balance weights are directly machined to be the size, and then the connecting rod journal is subjected to finish machining in an eccentric turning mode;
4) Oil duct hole processing:
adopting a milling interpolation mode to process a guide hole with the depth of 5mm positioned on the cylindrical surface of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine, and then replacing a drill bit with the diameter of 5mm to drill an oil passage hole;
5) Processing flange threads:
9M 12X 1 threaded holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of a flange of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, before quenching, a threaded bottom hole at a 180-degree position is machined to be 8mm in diameter, after quenching, a threaded bottom hole at the 180-degree position is reamed to be 10mm in diameter in an interpolation milling mode, 9M 12X 1 threaded bottom holes are uniformly machined by using a drill bit with the diameter of 11mm, the threaded bottom hole at the 180-degree position is machined in a thread milling mode, threads are machined, and the rest 8 threaded bottom holes with the diameter of 11mm are machined by using taps.
Further, the main shaft chuck 9 is a K72 series three-jaw single-action chuck.
Further, in step 4), when the drill with the diameter of 5mm is used for drilling the oil passage hole, firstly, the machining depth is 5mm by using the machining parameters of the rotation speed s=500 r/min, the feeding f=0.25 mm/r, then the machining parameters are adjusted to the rotation speed s=2000 r/min, the feeding f=0.15 mm/r is machined to the end edge of the oil passage hole, finally, the machining parameters s=500 r/min and the feeding f=0.07 mm/r is machined until the drill completely passes through the inner hole.
Further, in step 4), the drill bit is a twist drill.
Further, the auxiliary main shaft clamping center 11 is a live center.
Further, the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine is made of 40Cr material.
Further, in the step 4), the diameter of the oil passage hole is 5mm and the length thereof is 120mm.
The processing method of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft has the beneficial effects that:
1. A processing method of a crankshaft of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine comprises the steps that when a main shaft journal is turned, a main shaft and an auxiliary main shaft are adopted to clamp the crankshaft at the same time, and a center frame is automatically adjusted according to the position of the processing main shaft journal, so that processing deformation is prevented in the processing process of the crankshaft; the machining method of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft comprises the steps of adopting a turning and milling combined machining mode to carry out high-efficiency rough cutting and turning to improve final machining precision, 2, adopting interpolation milling to position an oil passage hole on a cylindrical surface in the machining process of the oil passage hole, adopting a sectional feeding parameter during drilling to ensure the drilling precision and fully prolong the service life of a cutter, adopting interpolation milling to correct position errors of pre-drilling holes before quenching during bottom hole machining when the threads at the front and rear ends are machined, adopting a milling mode to carry out thread machining on the threads at the positions of the pre-drilling holes before quenching when the threads are machined, preventing local hard points of the thread bottom holes from being broken into the crankshaft, enabling the crankshaft to be scrapped, and adopting a screw tap to carry out machining to improve the thread machining efficiency, thereby effectively ensuring all precision requirements of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft in rough machining.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a V-type 12 cylinder engine crankshaft;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of another angle of the crankshaft of the V-type 12 cylinder engine;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional view of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft with the chuck and steady rest in place;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft with the chuck and tip positioned;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional view of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft with the spindle chuck and the secondary spindle chuck in place;
in the figure, a sprocket wheel 1, a main journal 2, a connecting rod journal 3, a balance block 4, an oil passage hole 5, a flange end center hole 6, a flange end threaded hole 7, a sprocket wheel end center hole 8, a main shaft chuck 9, a main shaft chuck 10, a center frame 11, a secondary main shaft clamping center 12 and a secondary main shaft chuck.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the specific embodiments of fig. 1 to 6, and in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments more apparent, the technical solutions in the examples will be clearly and completely described with reference to the examples of the present invention, and the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The crankshaft blank of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine is made of forged 40Cr materials, the diameter of an oil passage hole 5 is 5mm, the length of the oil passage hole is 120mm, an oil passage is connected with a main shaft journal and a connecting rod journal, holes are required to be punched on a cylindrical surface, 9M 12X 1 threaded holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of a flange of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine, as shown in fig. 2, the center of a flange end 6 is the center hole 8 of the sprocket end of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine, as shown in fig. 3.
A processing method of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft comprises the following steps:
1) Accurate measurement position:
1.1 Confirming the axial zero point at the time of rough machining):
1.11 Measuring a zero point position by adopting a machine tool measuring head, and determining the right end face of an M5 main journal of a crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine as an axial machining zero point reference R50;
1.12 Measuring the position coordinates of two side end surfaces of a connecting rod journal P1 of a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft by using the machine tool measuring head, determining the center position coordinates R51 of two side end surfaces of the connecting rod journal P1, taking an offset R52 by using the coordinates R51 and the axial machining zero reference R50 in the step 1.11), 1.13) measuring the position coordinates of two side end surfaces of a connecting rod journal P6 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft by using the machine tool measuring head, determining the center position coordinates R53 of two side end surfaces of the connecting rod journal P6, taking an offset R54 by using the coordinates R53 and the axial machining zero reference R50 in the step 1.11), taking an average value of (R52+R54)/2 as R55, shifting the coordinate system by R55 on the basis of the R50, and accurately determining the axial position of a die forging blank of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft;
1.2 Determining the C-axis position of a V-type 12-cylinder engine crankshaft:
1.21 Measuring the C-axis position of a connecting rod journal P1 of a crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine, and determining the C-axis position as a zero reference R61;
1.22 Measuring the C-axis positions R62, R63, R64, R65 and R66 of connecting rod journals P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine in sequence, calculating actual offset amounts R612, R613, R614, R615 and R616 of the zero reference R61 in the steps 1.21) and R63, R64, R65 and R66 and the zero reference R61, taking average offset amounts (R612+R613+R614+R615+R616)/5=R60, and determining the C-axis position of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine during processing according to the C-axis degree offset (61-R60) of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine, and 2) spindle journal processing:
2.1 Clamping the left side of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft by adopting a main shaft chuck 9, moving a center frame 10 to a main journal M4 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, as shown in fig. 4, supporting the right side of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft by adopting a secondary main shaft clamping center 11, as shown in fig. 5, and processing the outer diameter of a flange of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft and a stepped excircle at the front end of the flange;
2.2 The auxiliary main shaft clamping center 11 is retracted, the main shaft chuck 9 is adopted to clamp the outer circle of the chain wheel end of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, the auxiliary main shaft chuck 12 is adopted to clamp the stepped outer circle of the front end of the connecting flange of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, the center frame 10 is moved to the main journal M7 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, and the main journals M6, M5, M4, M3, M2 and M1 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft are processed;
3) Machining a connecting rod journal:
The outer circle of the chain wheel end of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft is clamped by the main shaft chuck 9, the stepped outer circle of the front end of the connecting flange of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft is clamped by the auxiliary main shaft chuck 12, the center frame 10 is moved to the main journal M4 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, as shown in figure 6, the connecting rod neck 3 of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft and the balance weights 4 at two sides of the connecting rod neck 3 are rapidly and roughly machined in an eccentric milling mode, the thicknesses of the balance weights are directly machined to be in a size, and then the connecting rod journal is finely machined in an eccentric turning mode;
4) Oil duct hole processing:
adopting a milling interpolation mode to process a guide hole with a depth of 5mm on the cylindrical surface of the crankshaft of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine, replacing a drill with a diameter of 5mm for drilling an oil passage hole, wherein the drill is a twist drill, and when the drill with the diameter of 5mm is used for drilling the oil passage hole, firstly, processing the depth of 5mm by using a processing parameter with a rotating speed of S=500 r/min and a feeding F=0.25 mm/r, then, adjusting the processing parameter to the rotating speed of S=2000 r/min, processing the feeding F=0.15 mm/r to the tail end edge of the oil passage hole, and finally, adjusting the processing parameter of S=500 r/min and processing the feeding F=0.07 mm/r until the drill completely penetrates through the inner hole;
5) Processing flange threads:
9M 12X 1 threaded holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of a flange of the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine crankshaft, before quenching, a threaded bottom hole at a 180-degree position is machined to be 8mm in diameter, after quenching, a threaded bottom hole at the 180-degree position is reamed to be 10mm in diameter in an interpolation milling mode, 9M 12X 1 threaded bottom holes are uniformly machined by using a drill bit with the diameter of 11mm, the threaded bottom hole at the 180-degree position is machined in a thread milling mode, threads are machined, and the rest 8 threaded bottom holes with the diameter of 11mm are machined by using taps.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN115464348A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-13 | 中船动力镇江有限公司 | Machining process of marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine crankshaft |
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| GB1223405A (en) * | 1968-03-27 | 1971-02-24 | Hoesch Maschinenfabrik Ag | Improvements in or relating to machining of crankshafts |
| WO1995006535A1 (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-03-09 | Dörries Scharmann Ag | Crankshaft machining centre |
| JP2001225233A (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-21 | Komatsu Machinery Corp | Composite machining method of crankshaft and machining device for the same |
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| CN112108843A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-22 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Crankshaft machining process |
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| CN115464348A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-13 | 中船动力镇江有限公司 | Machining process of marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine crankshaft |
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| CN119057397B (en) | 2025-11-14 |
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