CN119039074A - Biochar fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biochar fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN119039074A CN119039074A CN202411174305.4A CN202411174305A CN119039074A CN 119039074 A CN119039074 A CN 119039074A CN 202411174305 A CN202411174305 A CN 202411174305A CN 119039074 A CN119039074 A CN 119039074A
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- biochar
- biogas slurry
- fertilizer
- treatment liquid
- urea
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 16
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitro humic acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009817 primary granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/35—Capsules, e.g. core-shell
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物炭肥料及其制备方法，属于肥料技术领域，一种生物炭肥料，其为核壳结构，包括内核和膜层，所述内核的原料包括尿素和磷酸二氢钾，所述膜层的原料包括改性生物炭、聚丙烯酸钠、蒙脱石粉和沼液处理液。本发明中的改性生物炭在提供营养物质的同时，还与蒙脱石粉共同形成具有多级微孔结构的膜层，该膜层能够实现对尿素的包封，减少尿素流失；同时蒙脱石粉和改性生物炭还可以吸附沼液处理液中的微生物和营养物质，防止微生物的流失和脱落，在内壳中的物质通过膜层上的多孔结构向外缓慢释放时，沼液处理液中的碳酸铵与磷酸二氢钾反应生产二氧化碳气体，提高了膜层上的孔隙率，实现了微生物的缓慢释放。The invention discloses a biochar fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers. The biochar fertilizer is a core-shell structure, comprising an inner core and a film layer, wherein the raw materials of the inner core comprise urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the raw materials of the film layer comprise modified biochar, sodium polyacrylate, montmorillonite powder and biogas slurry treatment liquid. The modified biochar in the invention not only provides nutrients, but also forms a film layer with a multi-level microporous structure together with the montmorillonite powder, and the film layer can achieve the encapsulation of urea and reduce the loss of urea; at the same time, the montmorillonite powder and the modified biochar can also adsorb microorganisms and nutrients in the biogas slurry treatment liquid to prevent the loss and shedding of the microorganisms. When the substances in the inner shell are slowly released outward through the porous structure on the film layer, the ammonium carbonate in the biogas slurry treatment liquid reacts with potassium dihydrogen phosphate to produce carbon dioxide gas, thereby increasing the porosity on the film layer and achieving the slow release of the microorganisms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a biochar fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The biogas slurry is a product obtained by fermenting livestock and poultry excreta, and contains a large amount of nutrient elements essential for the growth of crops. The traditional biogas slurry treatment method is generally used for treating wastewater, or is applied to agriculture, and is directly used as a base fertilizer or is used for biogas slurry power generation. When the biogas slurry treatment system is used for treating waste water, a large amount of colloid is easy to adhere to sludge, the ammonia nitrogen content is high, the treatment effect is unstable, waste water is difficult to treat until reaching the discharge standard, when the biogas slurry is used as a crop base fertilizer, the water content is not small, the fertilizer efficiency of the base fertilizer is low, the water content is too large, crops cannot bear the base fertilizer, the price of the base fertilizer on the market is also very low, so that the biogas slurry treatment system is high in cost and low in return, a large amount of biogas slurry is needed for power generation, the technical requirement is high, the return rate of the power generation of the biogas slurry is low, and the key reasons of the current difficult biogas slurry treatment and utilization are caused.
The traditional biochar-based fertilizer has single function, for example, patent CN103467192B discloses a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer by using cotton straw, firstly preparing cotton straw biochar, sieving crushed gypsum, bentonite and the cotton straw biochar, then mixing ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, nitro humic acid, the cotton straw biochar, gypsum and bentonite together and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer mixture, and sequentially performing primary granulation, integer granulation and drying treatment on the fertilizer mixture to obtain the biochar-based fertilizer. The biochar-based fertilizer prepared by the prior art only has the functions of improving soil, preserving water and preserving fertilizer, and has single function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biochar fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
One of the technical schemes provided by the invention is as follows:
The biochar fertilizer is of a core-shell structure and comprises an inner core and a membrane layer, wherein raw materials of the inner core comprise urea and monopotassium phosphate, and raw materials of the membrane layer comprise modified biochar, sodium polyacrylate, montmorillonite powder and biogas slurry treatment liquid.
The second technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
The invention relates to a preparation method of a biochar fertilizer, which comprises the steps of mixing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, granulating to prepare an inner core, mixing modified biochar, sodium polyacrylate, montmorillonite powder and biogas slurry treatment liquid, coating the inner core, and drying to obtain the biochar fertilizer, wherein the particle size of the straw montmorillonite powder is 100-250nm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified biochar comprises the steps of mixing straw powder with graphene oxide suspension, filtering to obtain straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, carbonizing the straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, and drying to obtain the modified biochar. The grain size of the straw powder is 100-250nm.
The straw powder mainly comprises lignocellulose, is insoluble in water, and the graphene oxide surface contains a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, so that the functional groups not only have adsorption effect, but also can increase the water solubility of the straw powder through chemical reaction (such as acylation reaction or esterification reaction) with the straw.
More preferably, the feed liquid ratio of the straw powder to the graphene oxide suspension is (1-1.2) kg to (5-8) L, and the mass concentration of the graphene oxide suspension is 0.1-0.2%.
More preferably, the carbonization temperature is 300-400 ℃, and the carbonization time is 5-10h.
More preferably, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃ and the drying time is 20-24h.
Preferably, the dosage ratio of the modified biochar to the sodium polyacrylate to the montmorillonite powder to the biogas slurry treatment liquid is (5-10) kg to (0.3-0.6) kg to (1-1.4) kg to (0.8-1) L.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the urea to the monopotassium phosphate to the modified biochar is (1-3) to (5-10).
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
The carbonization temperature is controlled within the range of 300-400 ℃, and organic components in straw powder start to be pyrolyzed within the temperature range, so that gas and liquid products are generated. Because the carbonization temperature is lower, most of nutrient substances in the obtained biomass are reserved, and the fertilizer value of the biochar is improved. But the pore structure has not yet been fully developed. When the carbonization temperature is too high (more than 400 ℃), as the temperature increases, the organic components in the straw powder continue to pyrolyze, producing more gas and liquid products, resulting in gradually decreasing the yield of the biochar, so that the fertilizer value of the biochar decreases, but at higher carbonization temperatures, the number of micropores and mesopores in the biochar increases, which is beneficial to improving the adsorption performance of the biochar. The invention can improve the yield of the biochar and the fertilizer value, and the temperature is controlled at 300-400 ℃. The biogas slurry treatment liquid not only can provide a large amount of nutrient elements (including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like) for biomass fertilizer, contains a large amount of microorganisms and provides nutrients for crops by decomposing organic substances in soil, but the adhesion and growth of the microorganisms in the organic fertilizer are a complex process, and are influenced by the properties, surface characteristics and other factors of the microorganisms, so that the microorganisms possibly fall off and run off. In addition, the biogas slurry treatment liquid also contains ammonium carbonate, and in the process of releasing potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the inner core through pores in the membrane layer, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the ammonium carbonate in the biogas slurry treatment liquid react chemically to generate carbon dioxide, so that a new pore diameter is formed on the membrane layer, and microorganisms adsorbed on the membrane layer are slowly released.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
Urea is required to be decomposed and converted into ammonium nitrogen in soil through microorganisms and then can be absorbed and utilized by crops. In addition, the urea cannot be absorbed by soil before being converted into ammonium nitrogen, has higher fluidity, is easy to be leached out by rainwater, causes fertilizer loss and causes water pollution.
According to the invention, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are prepared into an inner core of the fertilizer, modified biochar, sodium polyacrylate, montmorillonite powder and biogas slurry treatment liquid are taken as coating materials, so that the biochar fertilizer is prepared, the modified biochar and the montmorillonite powder form a membrane layer with a multi-stage micropore structure simultaneously when providing nutrients, the membrane layer can realize temporary encapsulation of urea and reduce urea loss, meanwhile, the montmorillonite powder and the modified biochar can also adsorb microorganisms in the biogas slurry treatment liquid, so that the microorganisms are prevented from losing and falling, and when substances in the inner shell are released outwards slowly through a porous structure on the membrane layer, ammonium carbonate in the biogas slurry treatment liquid reacts with potassium dihydrogen phosphate to produce carbon dioxide gas, so that the porosity on the membrane layer is improved, and the slow release of microorganisms is realized.
The invention fully utilizes the waste straw and biogas slurry, and simultaneously prepares the multifunctional biochar fertilizer, improves the nutrition utilization efficiency and improves the disease resistance and yield of crops.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The treatment method of the biogas slurry treatment liquid comprises the steps of conveying the biogas slurry of a certain duck raising farm to an anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the reaction time is 25 days, conveying the obtained biogas slurry to an air floatation system, enabling the obtained biogas slurry to be easier to separate from water in subsequent separation, conveying the biogas slurry subjected to air floatation to a ceramic membrane assembly for membrane separation, and effectively intercepting tiny particles and residual organic matters in the biogas slurry, wherein the liquid separated by the membrane is the biogas slurry treatment liquid. The purpose of the treatment of the biogas slurry is to remove a large amount of colloid substances in the biogas slurry, the ammonia nitrogen content is not too high, the purpose can be achieved by treating the biogas slurry by other methods by a person skilled in the art, and the treatment method of the biogas slurry does not belong to the contribution of the invention to the prior art.
The straw powder in the embodiment of the invention is prepared by crushing wheat straw, the crushing method is not particularly limited, the conventional dispersing method is adopted, and the wheat straw is preferably cleaned and air-dried before being crushed and then crushed, and the grain size of the obtained straw powder is 100-250nm.
Other required raw materials in the embodiment of the invention are all obtained through commercial purchase, wherein the grain size of montmorillonite powder is 100-250nm.
Example 1 preparation method of biochar fertilizer
S1, mixing wheat straw powder (7.2 kg) with graphene oxide suspension (48L, 0.2 wt.%), filtering to obtain straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, carbonizing (300 ℃ for 8 hours) the straw powder (7.2 kg) impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, and drying (100 ℃ for 20 hours) to obtain the modified biochar.
S2, mixing urea (1 kg) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1.5 kg), granulating, and preparing into a core;
S3, mixing the modified biochar (6 kg) prepared by the S1, sodium polyacrylate (0.5 kg), montmorillonite powder (1 kg) and biogas slurry treatment liquid (0.85L), coating the inner core prepared by the S2, and drying (50 ℃ for 5 h) to prepare the biochar fertilizer.
Example 2 preparation method of biochar fertilizer
S1, mixing wheat straw powder (12 kg) with graphene oxide suspension (80L, 0.2 wt.%), filtering to obtain straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, carbonizing (400 ℃ for 5 hours) the straw powder (12 kg) impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, and drying (110 ℃ for 20 hours) to obtain the modified biochar.
S2, mixing urea (3 kg) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2.5 kg), granulating, and preparing into a core;
S3, mixing the modified biochar (10 kg) prepared by the S1, sodium polyacrylate (0.58 kg), montmorillonite powder (1.4 kg) and biogas slurry treatment liquid (0.9L), coating the inner core prepared by the S2, and drying (50 ℃ for 5 h) to prepare the biochar fertilizer.
Example 3 preparation method of biochar fertilizer
S1, mixing wheat straw powder (7.2 kg) with graphene oxide suspension (48L, 0.1 wt.%), filtering to obtain straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, carbonizing (350 ℃ for 5 hours) the straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension (7.2 kg), and drying (100 ℃ for 20 hours) to obtain the modified biochar.
S2, mixing urea (2 kg) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3 kg), granulating, and preparing the inner core;
s3, mixing the modified biochar (7 kg) prepared by the S1, sodium polyacrylate (0.4 kg), montmorillonite powder (1.1 kg) and biogas slurry treatment liquid (1L), coating the inner core prepared by the S2, and drying (50 ℃ for 5 h) to prepare the biochar fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the carbonization temperature for preparing the modified biochar is too high, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
s1, mixing wheat straw powder (7.2 kg) with graphene oxide suspension (48L, 0.2 wt.%), filtering to obtain straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, carbonizing (500 ℃ for 8 h) the straw powder (7.2 kg) impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, and drying (100 ℃ for 20 h) to obtain the modified biochar.
S2, mixing urea (1 kg) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1.5 kg), granulating, and preparing into a core;
S3, mixing the modified biochar (6 kg) prepared by the S1, sodium polyacrylate (0.5 kg), montmorillonite powder (1 kg) and biogas slurry treatment liquid (0.85L), coating the inner core prepared by the S2, and drying (50 ℃ for 5 h) to prepare the biochar fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the carbonization temperature for preparing the modified biochar is too low, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
S1, mixing wheat straw powder (7.2 kg) with graphene oxide suspension (48L, 0.2 wt.%) and filtering to obtain straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, carbonizing (180 ℃ for 8 hours) the straw powder (7.2 kg) impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, and drying (100 ℃ for 20 hours) to obtain the modified biochar.
S2, mixing urea (1 kg) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1.5 kg), granulating, and preparing into a core;
S3, mixing the modified biochar (6 kg) prepared by the S1, sodium polyacrylate (0.5 kg), montmorillonite powder (1 kg) and biogas slurry treatment liquid (0.85L), coating the inner core prepared by the S2, and drying (50 ℃ for 5 h) to prepare the biochar fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 1, except that montmorillonite powder was not added, the specific preparation method was:
S1, mixing wheat straw powder (7.2 kg) with graphene oxide suspension (48L, 0.2 wt.%), filtering to obtain straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, carbonizing (300 ℃ for 8 hours) the straw powder (7.2 kg) impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, and drying (100 ℃ for 20 hours) to obtain the modified biochar.
S2, mixing urea (1 kg) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1.5 kg), granulating, and preparing into a core;
s3, mixing the modified biochar (6 kg) prepared by the S1, sodium polyacrylate (0.5 kg) and biogas slurry treatment liquid (0.85L), coating the inner core prepared by the S2, and drying (50 ℃ for 5 h) to prepare the biochar fertilizer.
Test method
The test field is equally divided into six cells, corn of the same variety (Zhengdan 958) is planted in each cell, the area and planting density of each cell are the same, fertilizer of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 is used for fertilization, the dosage is 300 kg/mu, and other management measures are kept consistent.
In different growth stages of seedling stage, jointing stage, spinning stage, grouting stage, etc. of corn, the corn in each district is investigated, the incidence and disease degree of each disease are recorded, disease resistance is evaluated, and the comprehensive disease index of each district is calculated. Corn from each cell was harvested at the maturity stage of corn, and the yield increase for each cell was calculated and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the invention prepares a mixed solution for adsorbing microorganisms by mixing straw powder and biogas slurry treatment liquid with other raw materials (sodium polyacrylate and montmorillonite powder), and then wraps an inner shell containing urea and monopotassium phosphate by the mixed solution, so that enrichment and slow release of microorganisms in the biogas slurry treatment liquid are realized while the urea is ensured not to run off, and the biochar fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1-3 fully utilizes nutrient substances in waste straw and biogas slurry, improves nutrition utilization efficiency, and improves disease resistance and yield of crops. In the preparation of the modified biochar, the carbonization temperature is too high, so that the biomass yield is low, the yield and the morbidity of corn are improved, in the preparation of the modified biochar, the carbonization temperature is too low, the specific surface area and pore structure of the biomass charcoal are bad, the adsorption performance is reduced, even if montmorillonite powder is added, effective adsorption of nutrients and microorganisms in biogas slurry treatment liquid cannot be realized, in addition, the pore development bad hinders release of kernel substances, so that the fertilizer efficiency is affected, the yield of corn is reduced, the morbidity is improved, and in the preparation of the modified biochar, the adsorption performance of a film layer on nutrients and microorganisms in biogas slurry treatment liquid is reduced, so that the fertilizer efficiency is affected, the yield of corn is reduced, and the morbidity is improved.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The biochar fertilizer is characterized by being of a core-shell structure and comprising an inner core and a membrane layer, wherein raw materials of the inner core comprise urea and monopotassium phosphate, and raw materials of the membrane layer comprise modified biochar, sodium polyacrylate, montmorillonite powder and biogas slurry treatment liquid.
2. A method for preparing a biochar fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of mixing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, granulating to obtain an inner core, mixing modified biochar, sodium polyacrylate, montmorillonite powder and biogas slurry treatment liquid, coating the inner core, and drying to obtain the biochar fertilizer.
3. The preparation method of the biochar fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the modified biochar comprises the steps of mixing straw powder with graphene oxide suspension, filtering to obtain straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, carbonizing the straw powder impregnated with the graphene oxide suspension, and drying to obtain the modified biochar.
4. The method for preparing the biochar fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the feed liquid ratio of the straw powder to the graphene oxide suspension is (1-1.2) kg to (5-8) L.
5. A method for preparing a biochar fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the carbonization temperature is 300-400 ℃ and the carbonization time is 5-10 hours.
6. A method for preparing a biochar fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃ and the drying time is 20-24 hours.
7. The method for preparing the biochar fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the dosage ratio of the modified biochar to the sodium polyacrylate to the montmorillonite powder to the biogas slurry treatment liquid is (5-10) kg to (0.3-0.6) kg to (1-1.4) kg to (0.8-1) L.
8. The method for preparing the biochar fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the monopotassium phosphate to the modified biochar is (1-3) to (5-10).
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| CN119285416A (en) * | 2024-12-11 | 2025-01-10 | 昆明学院 | Soil conditioner containing medium and trace elements for flue-cured tobacco planting and preparation method thereof |
| CN119306542A (en) * | 2024-12-13 | 2025-01-14 | 浙江竟成环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method and equipment of composite bentonite loaded microorganisms |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN119285416A (en) * | 2024-12-11 | 2025-01-10 | 昆明学院 | Soil conditioner containing medium and trace elements for flue-cured tobacco planting and preparation method thereof |
| CN119306542A (en) * | 2024-12-13 | 2025-01-14 | 浙江竟成环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method and equipment of composite bentonite loaded microorganisms |
| CN119306542B (en) * | 2024-12-13 | 2025-03-28 | 浙江竟成环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method and equipment of composite bentonite loaded microorganism |
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