Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a zero-leakage external wide-channel plate type low-temperature economizer and a waste heat recovery system, so as to solve the problems of easy abrasion, easy leakage, easy ash accumulation and the like of the traditional low-temperature economizer and improve the heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchanger.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the utility model provides an external wide channel plate-type low temperature economizer of zero leakage, includes wide channel plate heat exchanger, wide channel plate heat exchanger top is provided with the water catch bowl, wide channel plate heat exchanger bottom is provided with the heat medium water tank, the water catch bowl with the heat medium water tank passes through the downcomer intercommunication, the downcomer sets up wide channel plate heat exchanger's the end of giving vent to anger, the water catch bowl top is provided with the soda heat exchanger, soda heat exchanger one end is provided with the water inlet header, and the other end is provided with the water outlet header, the water inlet header with water outlet header intercommunication.
Preferably, the wide channel plate heat exchanger comprises a plurality of heat exchange plates which are arranged at equal intervals, and any two adjacent heat exchange plates are fixedly connected through a plurality of welding spots.
Preferably, the heat exchange sheet adopts hydraulic bulge to form a wide flow channel foam plate, two side surfaces of the heat exchange sheet are symmetrically expanded outwards, and the welding spots are formed by laser full-automatic non-oxidation welding.
Preferably, the inner side wall of the down tube is fixedly connected with a plurality of anti-return rings, the anti-return rings are arranged from top to bottom at equal intervals, the outer ring of the anti-return rings is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the down tube, the outer ring of the anti-return rings is higher than the inner ring, and the anti-return rings are coaxially arranged with the down tube.
Preferably, the water inlet header is communicated with a water inlet pipeline, the water outlet header is communicated with a water outlet pipeline, and the water inlet header is communicated with the water outlet header through a plurality of pipelines.
Preferably, the steam-water heat exchanger is provided with a safety valve and a pressure gauge.
The waste heat recovery system of the zero-leakage external wide-channel plate type low-temperature economizer comprises a plurality of parallel-connection and communicated economizers, wherein the economizers are arranged in corresponding flues, a condensate main pipe is commonly communicated with an inlet end and an outlet end of the economizers, and the economizers are also communicated with a soot blowing system.
Preferably, the condensation water main pipe is provided with a primary low-pressure heater and a secondary low-pressure heater, the primary low-pressure heater is communicated with the inlet end of the economizer, the secondary low-pressure heater is communicated with the outlet end of the economizer, and the primary low-pressure heater is communicated with the secondary low-pressure heater.
Preferably, an inlet manual door and an inlet electric door are arranged between the primary low-pressure heater and the inlet end of the economizer, a pressurizing manual door, a pressurizing pump, a pressurizing electric door, a standby manual door, a standby pressurizing pump and a standby electric door are arranged between the inlet electric door and the inlet end of the economizer, the pressurizing manual door, the pressurizing pump and the pressurizing electric door are connected in parallel with the standby manual door, the standby pressurizing pump and the standby electric door, an outlet electric door and an outlet manual door are arranged between the secondary low-pressure heater and the outlet end of the economizer, and a circulating manual door, a circulating pump and a circulating electric door are arranged between the outlet electric door and the inlet electric door.
Preferably, the soot blowing system comprises a plurality of soot blowers, the soot blowers are symmetrically arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the economizer and are communicated with the inlet end and the outlet end of the economizer, and a manual valve, an electric valve and an electric door of a soot blowing outlet are further arranged in the soot blowing system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
1. the separation of the boiler condensate water and the flue gas channel is realized, and zero leakage of the condensate water is greatly realized so as to ensure the safe operation of the low-temperature economizer and maintain the operation safety of the unit;
2. The characteristic of excellent flue gas flow field of the wide flow channel plate heat exchanger is inherited, and dust is difficult to adhere to the flue gas dust;
3. the condensed water of the boiler does not flow in the narrow plate pair any more, the pressure of the water side can be reduced to be lower than 20% of the original pressure, and the operation energy consumption of the pump is reduced;
4. the flue gas side resistance of the heat exchanger is 80% of that of the traditional fin-tube heat exchanger, so that the energy consumption of the induced air fan is saved;
5. The self-circulation of the internal heat exchange medium is realized by utilizing the self-circulation principle of the natural circulation boiler, so that the recessive circulation energy consumption is eliminated, the heat exchange mediums with different temperatures are distinguished, and the heat efficiency is further improved;
6. The boiler condensed water pipeline is arranged outside the flue, so that the overhaul is convenient;
7. The heat exchange efficiency is improved to 1.5-2 times of the original heat exchange efficiency;
8. the operation cost of the coal-fired power plant is reduced;
9. Realizing the on-line control of the waste heat recovery system.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the invention provides a zero-leakage external wide-channel plate type low-temperature economizer, which comprises a wide-channel plate type heat exchanger 6, wherein a water collecting tank 9 is arranged at the top end of the wide-channel plate type heat exchanger 6, a heating medium water tank 7 is arranged at the bottom end of the wide-channel plate type heat exchanger 6, the water collecting tank 9 is communicated with the heating medium water tank 7 through a descending pipe 8, the descending pipe 8 is arranged at the air outlet end of the wide-channel plate type heat exchanger 6, a steam-water heat exchanger 5 is arranged at the top end of the water collecting tank 9, a water inlet header 2 is arranged at one end of the steam-water heat exchanger 5, a water outlet header 4 is arranged at the other end of the steam-water heat exchanger 5, and the water inlet header 2 is communicated with the water outlet header 4.
Further, an anti-abrasion section 12 is arranged at the air inlet end of the wide-channel plate heat exchanger 6, and a plurality of first protrusions 15 and a plurality of second protrusions 16 are arranged on two side walls of the anti-abrasion section 12.
In a further optimized scheme, the wide-channel plate heat exchanger 6 comprises a plurality of heat exchange plates 13 which are arranged at equal intervals, and any two adjacent heat exchange plates 13 are fixedly connected through a plurality of welding points 14.
According to a further optimization scheme, the heat exchange piece 13 is formed into a wide-flow-channel foam plate by hydraulic bulge, two side faces of the heat exchange piece 13 are symmetrically expanded outwards, and the welding spots 14 are formed by laser full-automatic non-oxidation welding.
Further optimizing scheme, down tube 8 inside wall fixedly connected with is prevented returning ring 17 a plurality of, and a plurality of prevent returning ring 17 from top to bottom equidistant setting prevents returning ring 17 outer lane and down tube 8 inside wall fixed connection, prevents returning ring 17 outer lane height to be higher than the inner circle height, prevents returning ring 17 and down tube 8 coaxial setting.
In a further optimized scheme, the water inlet header 2 is communicated with a water inlet pipeline 1, the water outlet header 4 is communicated with a water outlet pipeline 3, and the water inlet header 2 is communicated with the water outlet header 4 through a plurality of pipelines.
Further optimizing scheme, the steam-water heat exchanger 5 is provided with a safety valve 10 and a pressure gauge 11.
The water inlet header 2 plays a role in distributing condensed water; the water outlet header 4 is mainly used for uniformly mixing condensed water with different temperatures in the pipeline; the pipelines of the steam-water heat exchanger 5 are staggered, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved; the heat exchange sheets 13 are fixed through circular welding spots 14 according to designed circulating water Cheng Liudao by adopting a laser full-automatic non-oxidation welding technology, then a wide-flow-channel foam plate is formed by adopting hydraulic expansion, the foam plate surface is expanded towards two side surfaces in a symmetrical shape, ND steel, 2205 steel and 2507 steel are selected according to arrangement positions, straight channels are arranged between the heat exchange sheets 13, the air flow direction is not in series flow in the transverse direction, no smoke velocity dead zone exists, dust is not easy to accumulate on the heat exchange sheets 13, and the problem of vortex on the lee surface of a heat exchange tube does not exist. At a proper wind speed, the self-ash-cleaning function is good; the down tube 8 is mainly used as a down channel of condensed heat medium water, and the principle is that the heat exchange difference between the heat exchange piece 13 and the down tube 8 and flue gas is utilized, so that the tube diameter of the down tube 8 is not suitable to be too large and is arranged at one side of a flue gas outlet, the heat exchange between the down tube 8 and the flue gas is reduced, thereby improving the circulation efficiency, and meanwhile, the down tube 8 adopts a non-return design, thereby being beneficial to better flowing down of the heat medium water and reducing the rising of bubbles; the top safety valve 10 is used for discharging noncondensable gas, condensed water is not introduced before formal operation, the heat exchange piece 13 filled with heat medium water is heated in the flue, and under the set pressure condition, water vapor discharges the noncondensable gas through the safety valve 10, so that the reduction of heat exchange efficiency caused by the existence of the noncondensable gas is avoided; the pressure gauge 11 is used for detecting leakage, and if the pressure of the pressure gauge 11 is under the normal operating pressure for a long time, the heat exchange piece 13 is judged to be worn out of the leakage hole, and the leakage hole needs to be overhauled and replaced; the anti-abrasion section 12 is arranged on the flue gas scouring front heat exchange plate, 2205 steel or 2507 steel which is more resistant to impact corrosion is used as the material, and the thickness of the anti-abrasion section is consistent with that of a laser welding spot.
The working principle of the zero-leakage external wide-channel plate type low-temperature economizer is as follows:
the first step: the waste heat flue gas at the outlet of the air preheater passes through the wide channel plate heat exchanger 6 and conducts heat to the heat exchange plates 13.
And a second step of: and a heat medium self-circulation system: ① After the heat exchange medium exchanges heat in the wide-channel plate heat exchanger 6, the heat exchange medium is changed into steam-water mixture to rise, and the steam with the most energy enters the steam-water heat exchanger 5; ② The water vapor is condensed after heat exchange with the steam-water heat exchanger 5, the water vapor becomes condensed water drops, and the condensed water drops flow back to the water collecting tank 9 through the sloping plate at the lower part of the steam-water heat exchanger 5; ③ The heat exchange medium in the water collecting tank 9 flows back to the heat medium water tank 7 through the down pipe 8 under the action of gravity by utilizing the density difference caused by the temperature and pressure difference of the rising section; ④ The medium in the heat medium water tank 7 is heated by utilizing the temperature and pressure difference between the down pipe 8 and the heat exchange sheet 13 and simultaneously reentering the heat exchange sheet 13 under the combined action of the rising force of the vapor bubble of the heat exchange sheet 13 and the force of part of capillary condensate film, so that the self-circulation of the heat exchange medium in the economizer module is realized.
And a third step of: the boiler condensate water passes through the steam-water heat exchanger 5 and only exchanges heat with the top steam, and directly returns to the condensate water outlet pipe after absorbing heat, and as the heat exchange sheets 13, the heat insulation layers, the condensate water pipes and other multiple separation layers exist between the boiler condensate water and the flue gas, the boiler condensate water has no leakage risk except artificial damage, natural disasters and part aging damage, and zero leakage of the boiler condensate water in the shelf life can be achieved.
In order to facilitate manufacturing, transportation and maintenance, the invention adopts a modular grading arrangement concept, 20-50 heat exchange sheets 13 are used as a module, the modules are arranged side by side in the flue 27, the top condensed water pipelines are connected in series, the number of the arranged modules and the number of the single module heat exchange sheets 13 are adjustable according to the difference of design conditions of a power plant, different heat exchange stages can be designed according to the installation position of the flue 27 of the power plant, the expansion size of the flue 27 is flexibly adjusted, and the flue gas flow rate is adjusted at the same time, so that the problems of abrasion increase due to the too large flow rate and dust accumulation due to the too low flow rate are avoided.
A waste heat recovery system of a zero-leakage external wide-channel plate type low-temperature economizer comprises a plurality of parallel-connected economizers, wherein the economizers are arranged in corresponding flues 27, a condensate main pipe 18 is commonly connected with an inlet end and an outlet end of each of the economizers, and a soot blowing system 19 is also connected with the economizers.
The economizer is mainly arranged in the flue 27, and is usually arranged on the flue 27 at the section from the rear of the air preheater to the front of the electrostatic precipitator, and the difference of the number of the economizers is determined according to the actual running condition of the power plant, namely, 2-4 different flue 27, and one economizer is usually arranged in one flue 27. For convenient manufacture, transportation and maintenance, the economizer adopts modular hierarchical arrangement, and the specific module number and the stage number are calculated according to the heat exchange amount and the specification of the flue 27.
In a further optimized scheme, a primary low-pressure heater 1801 and a secondary low-pressure heater 1802 are arranged on the condensate main pipe 18, the primary low-pressure heater 1801 is communicated with the inlet end of the economizer, the secondary low-pressure heater 1802 is communicated with the outlet end of the economizer, and the primary low-pressure heater 1801 is communicated with the secondary low-pressure heater 1802.
In a further optimized scheme, an inlet manual door 2201 and an inlet electric door 2202 are arranged between the primary low-pressure heater 1801 and the inlet end of the economizer, a booster manual door 2301, a booster pump 2302, a booster electric door 2303, a standby manual door 2401, a standby booster pump 2402 and a standby electric door 2403 are arranged between the inlet electric door 2202 and the inlet end of the economizer, the booster manual door 2301, the booster pump 2302, the booster electric door 2303 and the standby manual door 2401, the standby booster pump 2402 and the standby electric door 2403 are connected in parallel, an outlet electric door 2501 and an outlet manual door 2502 are arranged between the secondary low-pressure heater 1802 and the outlet end of the economizer, and a circulation manual door 2601, a circulation pump 2602 and a circulation electric door 2603 are arranged between the outlet electric door 2501 and the inlet electric door.
The condensate comes from the circulating condensate of the boiler, and the pipelines between the primary low-pressure heater 1801 and the secondary low-pressure heater 1802 are usually selected to be led out, and the inlet water temperature of the condensate system is usually selected to be about 60-80 ℃ and the outlet water temperature is selected to be about 90-110 ℃ according to the actual running condition of the current power plant. The condensation water system is provided with a pressurizing system and a circulating system, the pressurizing water quantity and the circulating water quantity are calculated according to parameters such as smoke temperature, water temperature and water quantity, then equipment selection is carried out, 2-3 booster pumps are usually arranged, one or two use is provided, the circulating pump is provided with 0-2 pumps, and the circulating water quantity is regulated by controlling the opening difference of the condensation water inlet and outlet valves when circulation is not arranged.
Further optimizing scheme, soot blowing system 19 includes a plurality of soot blowers 20, and a plurality of soot blowers 20 symmetry set up in the entrance point and the exit point of economizer and communicate with it, still are provided with manual valve 1901, motorised valve 1902, soot blowing export motorised door 21 in the soot blowing system 19.
The soot blowing mode is usually steam soot blowing or acoustic wave soot blowing. The steam blowing is to blow the inside of the heat exchange sheet 13 by using the steam of about 200-300 ℃ of the power plant, and has the advantages of lower cost and resource utilization of the steam of the power plant, and has the defects that the blowing force is obviously insufficient after the steam blowing is blown to the tail part of the heat exchange sheet 13, and the high-temperature steam can be partially converted into water drops in the blowing process, and the water drops are mixed with ammonium bisulfate adsorbed on the heat exchange sheet 13, so that the adhesive force of the ammonium bisulfate is stronger; the sound wave soot blowing utilizes sound waves with a certain frequency to weaken the binding force between soot particles and the plate, so that deposited soot is loose and falls off, and compared with steam soot blowing, the sound wave soot blowing has better soot blowing effect, but the sound wave soot blowing needs to be provided with an air compressor station, has larger one-time investment and has a general cleaning effect on serious deposited soot.
When the system is in operation, condensed water is led out from the outlet of the primary low-pressure heater 1801, enters the low-temperature economizer through the booster pump 2302, smoke is led out from the outlet of the air preheater, the smoke and the condensed water exchange heat in the low-temperature economizer and are discharged to the dust remover, and the condensed water returns to the inlet position of the secondary low-pressure heater 1802.
If the temperature of the condensed water outlet is too low, the condensed water enters a circulating system, enters a low-temperature economizer through a circulating pump 2602 for secondary heat exchange, and then returns to the condensed water main pipe 18.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.