Composite core paper diaper and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of disposable sanitary products, in particular to a composite core paper diaper and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the prior art, a nursing type paper diaper exists, a nursing layer with a skin maintenance function is structurally added, or an antiallergic maintenance medicine is added in a core body or a surface layer structure, so that the damage degree of excreta such as urine to the skin of a user is reduced, the maintenance effect is continuously provided for the skin of the user, the user is ensured to obtain comfortable wearing experience for a long time, however, the paper diaper has no technical scheme for better cooperation between the surface layer structure and medicine selection so as to bring better maintenance effect, and the two different functions are fully considered, so that the absorption performance and the dryness performance of the product are influenced, and therefore, the existing nursing type paper diaper actually has a lot of performance improvement space.
The patent publication No. CN114392058B discloses a nursing type dry paper diaper, which is characterized in that a nursing surface layer, a flow guiding layer, a composite absorption core body and a bottom layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the nursing surface layer is formed by completely impregnating, spraying, scraping and directly mixing plant nursing liquid with a surface layer non-woven fabric, the flow guiding layer is formed by compounding a diffusion water guiding fiber layer and a pompon-shaped elastic fiber layer, at least one surface of the flow guiding layer is distributed with an immovable cavity group after the elastic fiber layer is matched, the surface of the nursing surface layer is provided with the immovable pompon group matched with the cavity group, the nursing surface layer is connected with the flow guiding layer in a net-shaped manner by a water-soluble nursing liquid line body, the composite absorption core body is formed by respectively clamping water-absorbing high polymer materials in a three-layer non-woven fabric mode, the water-soluble nursing liquid line body is formed by sectionally forming the water-soluble nursing liquid in a mode of filling plant nursing liquid, the water-soluble nursing liquid body in a mode, the diameter of the water-soluble nursing liquid line body is not more than 2.5mm, the diameter of the water-soluble nursing liquid line body is not more than the inner diameter of the water-soluble nursing line body, and the water-soluble nursing line body is completely exceeds the water-soluble nursing line.
However, in the use process, the composite absorption core body is formed by respectively clamping three layers of non-woven fabrics with water-absorbing polymer materials, the water-absorbing polymer materials have high water absorption speed, swell after absorbing liquid, and increase the volume to more than ten times of the original volume of the composite absorption core body, so that the water-absorbing polymer materials at the upper part are easy to block the liquid from leaking downwards after preferentially absorbing the liquid and swell, and the water absorption efficiency is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the problems, the invention provides a composite core paper diaper and a preparation method thereof, which mainly solve the problem of low diffusion efficiency of paper diapers in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a composite core panty-shape diapers, includes the panty-shape diapers body, defines and extends to the longitudinal direction along the length direction of panty-shape diapers body, extends to the transverse direction along the width direction of panty-shape diapers body, the panty-shape diapers body has front waist region, crotch portion area and back waist region that distribute in proper order along the longitudinal direction, the panty-shape diapers body includes from top to bottom stacks the liquid permeability top layer, the drainage layer, absorbs sandwich layer and the impermeable bottom layer of setting gradually;
the absorption core layer comprises an upper layer non-woven fabric, a middle layer non-woven fabric, a lower layer non-woven fabric, at least three upper absorption bodies and one lower absorption body;
The lower absorber is arranged on a lower non-woven fabric, the lower absorber comprises 60-70% by weight of high molecular water-absorbent resin particles and 30-40% by weight of wood pulp fibers, at least two diversion areas are arranged on the lower absorber at intervals along the transverse direction, an absorption area is formed on the periphery of each diversion area, each diversion area penetrates through the lower absorber along the longitudinal direction, the gram weight of the high molecular water-absorbent resin particles on the lower absorber at the diversion areas is smaller than that of the high molecular water-absorbent resin particles on the lower absorber at the absorption areas, at least one group of diversion assemblies are arranged on the lower absorber at the diversion areas, each diversion assembly comprises a plurality of through grooves which are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction, each through groove is distributed along the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal length dimension of each through groove is 15-40 mm, the middle layer of the non-woven fabric is arranged on the lower absorber, and the lower non-woven fabric is concavely covered on the side wall of the through grooves inwards at the through grooves and is in adhesive connection with the non-woven fabric;
the upper absorbers are arranged on the middle-layer non-woven fabric at intervals along the transverse direction, each upper absorber comprises 20% -30% of high-molecular water-absorbent resin particles and 70% -80% of wood pulp fibers, an interval is formed between every two adjacent upper absorbers, the orthographic projection area of each interval coincides with the orthographic projection area of each diversion area, the upper-layer non-woven fabric is arranged on the upper absorber, and the upper-layer non-woven fabric is inwards sunken at the interval to cover the side wall of the upper absorber and is bonded and connected with the middle-layer non-woven fabric to form the diversion trench.
Further, two groups of flow guide components are arranged on the lower absorber at the flow guide area, the two groups of flow guide components are distributed at intervals along the transverse direction, and through grooves on the flow guide components are distributed in a staggered mode.
Further, the space between two adjacent through grooves on the same group of the flow guiding components is smaller than the longitudinal length of the through grooves, so that the two groups of the flow guiding components are provided with overlapping areas in the transverse direction.
Further, the ratio of the longitudinal length dimension of the overlapping area of each through groove to the longitudinal length dimension of the through groove is 1-4:10.
Further, the side wall of the through groove is provided with a penetration area without high molecular water absorbent resin particles, and the width dimension of the penetration area is 3 mm-7 mm.
Further, the guiding layer comprises a first hydrophilic non-woven fabric, a second hydrophilic non-woven fabric and at least 90% of hydrophilic fibers which are clamped between the first hydrophilic non-woven fabric and the second hydrophilic non-woven fabric, and when the absorption core layer absorbs water and expands, the guiding layer positioned at the guiding groove is sunken in the guiding groove.
Further, the transverse width of each through groove is 8 mm-12 mm.
Further, the transverse width dimension of the lower non-woven fabric is 15 mm-30 mm larger than that of the upper non-woven fabric, and the two transverse sides of the lower non-woven fabric are folded upwards and inwards to be attached to the upper surface of the upper non-woven fabric.
Further, the liquid-permeable surface layer comprises a third hydrophilic non-woven fabric, hydrophobic non-woven fabrics distributed on two lateral sides of the third hydrophilic non-woven fabric and leg surrounding rubber strings arranged on the free ends of the hydrophobic non-woven fabrics.
The preparation method of the composite core paper diaper is used for preparing the composite core paper diaper and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing a liquid-permeable surface layer;
(2) Preparing a diversion layer;
(3) Preparing an absorption core layer:
a. Unreeling and conveying the rolled lower non-woven fabric, gluing the upper surface of the lower non-woven fabric, and defining the longitudinal direction extending along the conveying direction of the lower non-woven fabric and the transverse direction extending along the width direction of the lower non-woven fabric:
b. The high molecular water-absorbent resin particles and wood pulp fibers are adsorbed, transported and mixed through a first feeding bin under negative pressure and deposited in a first die cavity of a first forming die wheel, and a first raised line corresponding to the through groove is arranged in the first die cavity, so that a lower absorber is formed in the first die cavity of the first forming die wheel, and then the lower absorber is transferred to the upper surface of a lower layer of non-woven fabric;
c. Unreeling and conveying the middle-layer non-woven fabric in a roll shape, gluing the lower surface of the middle-layer non-woven fabric, and compositing the middle-layer non-woven fabric on the product in the step b;
d. the lower non-woven fabric is extruded inwards at the through groove through a first compression roller mechanism, so that the lower non-woven fabric at the through groove is in composite connection with the middle non-woven fabric, and a second raised line corresponding to the through groove is arranged on a compression roller of the first compression roller mechanism;
e. sizing the upper surface of the middle-layer non-woven fabric;
f. The high molecular water-absorbent resin particles and the wood pulp fibers are adsorbed, transported and mixed through a second feeding bin under negative pressure and deposited in a second die cavity of a second forming die wheel, wherein the second die cavity comprises three grooves which are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the second forming die wheel, so that three upper absorbers are formed side by side in the second die cavity of the second forming die wheel, and then the upper absorbers are transferred to the upper surface of the middle-layer non-woven fabric;
g. unreeling and conveying the upper non-woven fabric in a roll shape, gluing the lower surface of the upper non-woven fabric, and compositing the upper non-woven fabric on the product in the step f;
h. The upper non-woven fabric is extruded inwards between two adjacent upper absorbers through a second compression roller mechanism, so that the upper non-woven fabric is in compound connection with the middle non-woven fabric, and annular raised strips are arranged on compression rollers of the second compression roller mechanism;
i. slitting the product of step h to form individual absorbent cores;
(4) Preparing a liquid impermeable back sheet;
(5) Sequentially laminating and compositely connecting the liquid-impermeable bottom layer, the absorption core layer, the diversion layer and the liquid-permeable surface layer from bottom to top;
(6) And (3) cutting the product in the step (5) along the space between two adjacent absorbent cores to form a single paper diaper with the composite core.
According to the technical scheme, the composite core paper diaper and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that when the composite core paper diaper is used, urine discharged by a human body enters the absorption core layer after being guided by the guide layer, a part of urine is absorbed by the upper absorber, and the upper absorber comprises 20% of high-molecular water-absorbing resin particles and 80% of wood pulp fibers by weight, so that the upper absorber has certain guide and downward permeation effects after absorption, the other part of urine overflows between two adjacent upper absorbers and is guided in the area, the diffusion speed is improved, meanwhile, the urine between the two adjacent upper absorbers further permeates downwards through the through grooves of the lower absorber and enters the lower absorber at the periphery of a channel, and the lower absorber comprises 70% of high-molecular water-absorbing resin particles and 30% of wood pulp fibers by weight, so that the absorption capacity of the lower absorber is improved, meanwhile, the urine is absorbed by the lower absorber through the arrangement of the upper absorber, the urine is kept away from the permeable surface layer, the comfort of the urine is improved, the urine is further expanded between the two adjacent guide grooves, and the urine is further conveniently formed between the two adjacent guide grooves, and the two lateral absorption bodies are further expanded.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a diaper body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a diaper body according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure at A-A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view at B in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a lower absorber in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic elevational view of the first feed hopper and first forming wheel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a first forming wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a second forming wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a first press roller mechanism in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. A paper diaper body; 2, a diversion area, 3, an absorption area, 4, a through groove, 5, an interval, 6, an overlapping area, 7, a penetration area, 11, a liquid-permeable surface layer, 12, a diversion layer, 13, an absorption core layer and 14, a liquid-impermeable bottom layer;
101. Front waist region, 102, crotch region, 103, back waist region, 111, third hydrophilic nonwoven, 112, hydrophobic nonwoven, 113, leg circumference rubber band, 121, first hydrophilic nonwoven, 122, second hydrophilic nonwoven, 123, hydrophilic fiber, 131, upper nonwoven, 132, middle nonwoven, 133, lower nonwoven, 134, upper absorber, 135, lower absorber;
21. The first feeding bin, 211, bin body, 212, a feeding hole, 213, a discharging hole, 214, a baffle plate, 215, a first runner, 216, a second runner, 217, a third runner, 218, a fourth runner, 219, a fifth runner, 22, a first forming wheel, 221, a first die cavity, 222, a first convex strip, 223, an adsorption hole, 231, a first high polymer water absorbent resin particle feeding pipe, 232, a second high polymer water absorbent resin particle feeding pipe, 24, a first press roller mechanism, 241, a press roller, 242, a second convex strip, 25, a second forming wheel, 251, a second die cavity, 252 and a groove.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a composite core diaper comprises a diaper body 1, a front waist region 101, a crotch region 102 and a rear waist region 103 which are sequentially distributed along the longitudinal direction, wherein the diaper body 1 is defined to extend along the length direction of the diaper body 1 into the longitudinal direction and extend along the width direction of the diaper body 1 into the transverse direction, and the diaper body 1 comprises a liquid permeable surface layer 11, a diversion layer 12, an absorption core layer 13 and a liquid impermeable bottom layer 14 which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
the absorbent core 13 includes an upper nonwoven fabric 131, a middle nonwoven fabric 132, a lower nonwoven fabric 133, three upper absorbent bodies 134, and one lower absorbent body 135;
The lower absorber 135 is disposed on the lower non-woven fabric 133, the lower absorber 135 comprises 60% -70% by weight of polymer water-absorbent resin particles and 30% -40% by weight of wood pulp fibers, preferably, the lower absorber 135 comprises 70% by weight of polymer water-absorbent resin particles and 30% by weight of wood pulp fibers, two diversion areas 2 are disposed on the lower absorber 135 at intervals along the transverse direction, the absorption areas 3 are formed on the peripheral sides of the diversion areas 2, each diversion area 2 penetrates the lower absorber 135 along the longitudinal direction, the gram weight of the polymer water-absorbent resin particles on the lower absorber 135 at the diversion areas 2 is smaller than the gram weight of the polymer water-absorbent resin particles on the lower absorber 135 at the absorption areas 3, two groups of flow guide components are arranged on the lower absorber 135 at the position of the flow guide zone 2, the two groups of flow guide components are distributed at intervals along the transverse direction, the flow guide components comprise a plurality of through grooves 4 which are distributed along the longitudinal direction at intervals, the through grooves 4 on the flow guide components are distributed in a staggered manner, the longitudinal length dimension of each through groove 4 is 15 mm-40 mm, preferably 20mm, the transverse width dimension of each through groove 4 is 8 mm-12 mm, preferably 8mm, the middle layer non-woven fabric 132 is arranged on the lower absorber 135, the lower layer non-woven fabric 133 is inwards sunken at the position of the through groove 4 to cover the side wall of the through groove 4 and is in adhesive connection with the middle layer non-woven fabric 132;
Each upper absorber 134 is arranged on the middle layer non-woven fabric 132 at intervals along the transverse direction, the upper absorber 134 comprises 20-30% of polymer water absorbent resin particles and 70-80% of wood pulp fibers, preferably, the upper absorber 134 comprises 20% of polymer water absorbent resin particles and 80% of wood pulp fibers, a space 5 is formed between two adjacent upper absorbers 134, the orthographic projection area of the space 5 coincides with the orthographic projection area of the diversion area 2, the upper layer non-woven fabric 131 is arranged on the upper absorber 134, and the upper layer non-woven fabric 131 is concavely covered on the side wall of the upper absorber 134 at the space 5 and is bonded and connected with the middle layer non-woven fabric 132 to form a diversion trench;
The lateral width dimension of the lower nonwoven fabric 133 is 15mm to 30mm, preferably 18mm, greater than the lateral width dimension of the upper nonwoven fabric 131, and the two lateral sides of the lower nonwoven fabric 133 are folded upward and inward and attached to the upper surface of the upper nonwoven fabric 131.
When the composite core paper diaper is used, urine discharged by a human body enters the absorbent core layer 13 after being guided by the guide layer 12, a part of the urine is absorbed by the upper absorber 134, and as the upper absorber 134 comprises 20% of high-molecular water-absorbent resin particles and 80% of wood pulp fibers, the upper absorber 134 has certain guide and downward permeation effects after absorption, and the other part of the urine overflows between two adjacent upper absorbers 134, and is guided in the area to improve the diffusion speed, meanwhile, the urine between the two adjacent upper absorbers 134 further permeates downwards through the through groove 4 of the lower absorber 135 and enters the lower absorber 135 on the periphery of the through groove 4, and as the lower absorber 135 comprises 70% of high-molecular water-absorbent resin particles and 30% of wood pulp fibers, the absorption capacity of the lower absorber 135 is improved, meanwhile, the urine which permeates downwards through the upper absorber 134 is also adsorbed by the lower absorber 135, the urine keeps away from the liquid-permeable surface layer 11, the comfort of the urine is improved, and the urine between two adjacent water-absorbent resin particles are further expanded on two sides of the upper absorber 135 when the two adjacent water-absorbent resin particles are positioned at the two sides of the upper absorber 135, so that the urine can expand rapidly, and the urine can be absorbed by the two adjacent water-absorbent resin particles on the two adjacent water-absorbent layers 4 is more rapidly, and the absorption layers are more convenient to expand the absorption of the urine between the two absorbers 4.
And, the interval size between two adjacent through grooves 4 on the same group of flow guiding components is smaller than the longitudinal length size of the through groove 4, so that the two groups of flow guiding components are provided with an overlapping area 6 in the transverse direction, the ratio of the longitudinal length size of the overlapping area 6 of each through groove 4 to the longitudinal length size of the through groove 4 is 1-4:10, and preferably, the ratio of the longitudinal length size of the overlapping area 6 of each through groove 4 to the longitudinal length size of the through groove 4 is 3:10, thereby improving the bending effect of the absorbent core layer 13 while ensuring the strength of the absorbent core layer 13, further improving the application fitting property, improving the urine seepage speed and improving the absorption efficiency.
It is worth noting that the side wall of the through groove 4 is provided with a penetration area 7 without high molecular water-absorbing resin particles, the width dimension of the penetration area 7 is 3 mm-7 mm, preferably 4mm, so that the penetration area 7 is only deposited with wood pulp fibers, and the blockage of the high molecular water-absorbing resin particles after water absorption expansion is avoided, thereby accelerating the penetration of urine, improving the absorption speed and reducing the leakage of the high molecular water-absorbing resin particles.
In this embodiment, the diversion layer 12 includes a first hydrophilic non-woven fabric 121, a second hydrophilic non-woven fabric 122, and 95% by weight of hydrophilic fibers 123 sandwiched between the first hydrophilic non-woven fabric 121 and the second hydrophilic non-woven fabric 122, when the absorbent core 13 swells due to water absorption, the diversion layer 12 located at the diversion trench is recessed in the diversion trench, thereby improving the diversion efficiency of the diversion layer 12, and improving the surface dryness effect of the liquid permeable surface layer 11, and improving the comfort of use, and the liquid permeable surface layer 11 includes a third hydrophilic non-woven fabric 111, hydrophobic non-woven fabrics 112 distributed on two lateral sides of the third hydrophilic non-woven fabric 111, and leg elastic bands 113 disposed on the free ends of the hydrophobic non-woven fabrics 112.
A preparation method of a composite core paper diaper is used for preparing the composite core paper diaper and comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a liquid-permeable surface layer 11;
(2) Preparing a diversion layer 12;
(3) Preparation of absorbent core layer 13:
a. unreeling and conveying the rolled lower non-woven fabric 133, and applying glue on the upper surface of the lower non-woven fabric 133, wherein the longitudinal direction along the conveying direction of the lower non-woven fabric 133 and the transverse direction along the width direction thereof are defined:
b. The high molecular water-absorbent resin particles and the wood pulp fibers are adsorbed, transported and mixed by the first feeding bin 21 under negative pressure and deposited in the first die cavity 221 of the first forming die 22, the first die cavity 221 is internally provided with a first raised line 222 corresponding to the through groove 4, the side edge of the first raised line 222 is provided with an adsorption hole 223, the wood pulp fibers can be adsorbed on the side edge of the first raised line 222 to form a permeation area 7, the lower absorber 135 is molded in the first die cavity 221 of the first forming die 22, and then the lower absorber 135 is transferred onto the upper surface of the lower layer non-woven fabric 133;
Specifically, the first feeding bin 21 includes a bin body 211, the bin body 211 is provided with a wood pulp fiber feeding hole 212, a wood pulp fiber discharging hole 213 and a cavity connecting the wood pulp fiber feeding hole 212 and the wood pulp fiber discharging hole 213, four separators 214 are arranged in the cavity side by side, the cavity is sequentially divided into a first flow channel 215, a second flow channel 216, a third flow channel 217, a fourth flow channel 218 and a fifth flow channel 219, the bin body 211 is provided with a first macromolecule water-absorbent resin particle feeding pipe 231 and a second macromolecule water-absorbent resin particle feeding pipe 232, the outlet of the first macromolecule water-absorbent resin particle feeding pipe 231 is distributed at the second flow channel 216, and the outlet of the second macromolecule water-absorbent resin particle feeding pipe 232 is distributed at the fourth flow channel 218, so that the gram weight of macromolecule water-absorbent resin particles on the lower absorber 135 at the diversion area 2 is smaller than the gram weight of macromolecule water-absorbent resin particles on the lower absorber 135 at the absorption area 3;
c. Unreeling and conveying the middle-layer non-woven fabric 132 in a roll shape, gluing the lower surface of the middle-layer non-woven fabric 132, and compositing the middle-layer non-woven fabric 132 on the product in the step b;
d. The lower non-woven fabric 133 is extruded inwards at the through groove 4 by the first press roller mechanism 24, so that the lower non-woven fabric 133 at the through groove 4 is in compound connection with the middle non-woven fabric 132, and the press roller 241 of the first press roller mechanism 24 is provided with a second raised line 242 corresponding to the through groove 4;
e. Sizing the upper surface of the middle layer nonwoven fabric 132;
f. The high molecular absorbent resin particles and the wood pulp fibers are adsorbed, transported and mixed by a second feeding bin under negative pressure and deposited in a second die cavity 251 of the second forming wheel 25, wherein the second die cavity 251 comprises three grooves 252 which are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the second forming wheel 25, so that three upper absorbers 134 are formed side by side in the second die cavity 251 of the second forming wheel 25, and then the upper absorbers 134 are transferred onto the upper surface of the middle layer non-woven fabric 132, and the second feeding bin is the prior art and is not repeated herein;
g. Unreeling and conveying the upper non-woven fabric 131 in a roll shape, gluing the lower surface of the upper non-woven fabric 131, and compositing the upper non-woven fabric 131 on the product in the step f;
h. The upper non-woven fabric 131 is pressed inwards between two adjacent upper absorbers 134 through a second press roller mechanism, so that the upper non-woven fabric 131 and the middle non-woven fabric 132 are in compound connection, an annular raised strip is arranged on a press roller of the second press roller mechanism, and the second press roller mechanism is in the prior art and is not repeated herein;
i. slitting the product of step h to form individual absorbent cores;
(4) Preparing a liquid impermeable back sheet 14;
(5) The liquid-impermeable bottom layer 14, the absorption core layer 13, the flow guiding layer 12 and the liquid-permeable surface layer 11 are laminated and compositely connected in sequence from bottom to top;
(6) And (3) cutting the product in the step (5) along the space between two adjacent absorbent cores to form a single paper diaper with the composite core.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or in communication with each other between two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.