CN118881007A - A light steel-precast concrete hybrid structural system suitable for low-rise residential buildings - Google Patents
A light steel-precast concrete hybrid structural system suitable for low-rise residential buildings Download PDFInfo
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- E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
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- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
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- E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
- E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
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Abstract
本发明提供一种适合低层住宅的轻钢‑预制混凝土混合结构体系，包括由多个钢柱和设在钢柱上方的钢梁连接形成的框架结构，框架结构的外围设有外围结构，外围结构包括外墙体和设在外墙体内部的钢柱和钢梁，外围结构上端设有楼盖结构连接形成室内空间；空间内部设有包含内隔墙和吊顶系统的内装结构。本体系利用轻钢‑预制混凝土混合结构中两种材料的优势，主要部件工厂内加工预制、现场装配的方式，既具有良好的结构安全性能和节能性，又能在低层住宅中能实现户型空间变形协调，同时其集成化程度高，现场湿作业量和材料损耗少。
The present invention provides a light steel-precast concrete hybrid structure system suitable for low-rise residential buildings, including a frame structure formed by connecting a plurality of steel columns and steel beams arranged above the steel columns, a peripheral structure is arranged on the periphery of the frame structure, the peripheral structure includes an outer wall body and steel columns and steel beams arranged inside the outer wall body, a floor structure is arranged on the upper end of the peripheral structure to form an indoor space; an interior structure including an inner partition wall and a ceiling system is arranged inside the space. This system utilizes the advantages of the two materials in the light steel-precast concrete hybrid structure, and the main components are processed and prefabricated in the factory and assembled on site. It has good structural safety performance and energy saving, and can achieve the coordination of the deformation of the apartment space in low-rise residential buildings. At the same time, it has a high degree of integration, and the amount of wet work on site and material loss are small.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及建筑结构技术领域，尤其是涉及一种适合低层住宅的轻钢-预制混凝土混合结构体系。The invention relates to the technical field of building structures, and in particular to a light steel-precast concrete mixed structure system suitable for low-rise residential buildings.
背景技术Background Art
农村住宅建设一般由农村工匠按照客户要求，参考政府提供的户型建议，根据工匠自己的经验完成采购、施工全过程。农村住宅结构体系一般采用砌体结构，部分采用框架结构，围护体系一般采用砌体，内外墙都采用砌体砌筑，一般不布置保温层，梁柱规格、钢筋等都根据工匠经验布置，楼面多采用现浇楼板，屋面体系采用平屋面或坡屋面。平屋面一般为现浇屋面，坡屋面采用梁木结构或现浇坡屋面，现场砼一般采用现场拌制砼，配合比根据工匠经验配制砼。这种模式严重依赖于农村工匠的工作经验和技能，对梁柱规格、钢筋配筋和现场搅拌砼的配合比都没有很好的质量控制措施，质量和安全很难得到保证。同时，农村住宅建筑一般多为零星施工，体量非常小，在实施过程中需要大量的周转材料，周转材料使用效率极低，又有大量的湿作业，施工速度慢，对周边环境影响非常大。Rural housing construction is generally completed by rural craftsmen according to customer requirements, with reference to the housing type suggestions provided by the government, and based on the craftsmen's own experience to complete the entire process of procurement and construction. The rural residential structural system generally adopts masonry structure, and some adopts frame structure. The enclosure system generally adopts masonry. Both the internal and external walls are built with masonry. Generally, no insulation layer is arranged. The specifications of beams and columns, steel bars, etc. are arranged according to the experience of craftsmen. The floor mostly adopts cast-in-place floor slabs, and the roof system adopts flat roofs or sloped roofs. Flat roofs are generally cast-in-place roofs, and sloped roofs adopt beam-wood structures or cast-in-place sloped roofs. On-site concrete is generally mixed on-site, and the mix ratio is prepared according to the experience of craftsmen. This model relies heavily on the work experience and skills of rural craftsmen. There are no good quality control measures for beam and column specifications, steel bar reinforcement, and on-site concrete mix ratio, and quality and safety are difficult to guarantee. At the same time, rural residential buildings are generally sporadic construction, with very small volumes. During the implementation process, a large amount of turnover materials are required, and the efficiency of turnover materials is extremely low. There are also a large number of wet operations, slow construction speed, and a great impact on the surrounding environment.
中国专利文献CN112482559A一种装配式钢结构建筑体系及施工方法，记载了一种建筑体系及施工方法，包含装配式钢结构骨架系统、装配式钢结构楼板系统、装配式钢结构外墙系统和装配式钢结构内墙系统，所述装配式钢结构骨架系统包含若干箱型钢柱、若干钢梁和隅撑,箱型钢柱与钢梁之间水平方向上的连接通过栓焊混合的连接方式,箱型钢柱与钢梁之间在垂直方向上通过隅撑连接,所述装配式钢结构楼板系统设置在装配式钢结构骨架系统上,所述装配式钢结构外墙系统设置在装配式钢结构骨架系统外围，所述装配式钢结构内墙系统设置在装配式钢结构骨架系统内部。该专利中外墙采用蒸压加气混凝土板，相比轻质预制混凝土墙体，其抗压强度、结构体系安全性和可靠性较低，且施工成本更高。Chinese patent document CN112482559A discloses a prefabricated steel structure building system and construction method, which records a building system and construction method, including a prefabricated steel structure skeleton system, a prefabricated steel structure floor system, a prefabricated steel structure exterior wall system and a prefabricated steel structure interior wall system. The prefabricated steel structure skeleton system includes a plurality of box-shaped steel columns, a plurality of steel beams and corner braces. The box-shaped steel columns and steel beams are connected in the horizontal direction by a mixed connection method of bolt welding. The box-shaped steel columns and steel beams are connected in the vertical direction by corner braces. The prefabricated steel structure floor system is arranged on the prefabricated steel structure skeleton system, the prefabricated steel structure exterior wall system is arranged on the periphery of the prefabricated steel structure skeleton system, and the prefabricated steel structure interior wall system is arranged inside the prefabricated steel structure skeleton system. In this patent, the exterior wall adopts autoclaved aerated concrete slabs, which have lower compressive strength, structural system safety and reliability than lightweight precast concrete walls, and have higher construction costs.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种适合低层住宅的轻钢-预制混凝土混合结构体系，解决低层住宅现场施工工程量大、集成化程度低，结构死板、施工质量无保证的问题。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a light steel-precast concrete hybrid structure system suitable for low-rise residential buildings, so as to solve the problems of large on-site construction workload, low degree of integration, rigid structure and unguaranteed construction quality of low-rise residential buildings.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：包括由多个钢柱和设在钢柱上方的钢梁连接形成的框架结构，框架结构的外围设有外围结构，外围结构包括外墙体和设在外墙体内部的钢柱和钢梁，外围结构上端设有楼盖结构连接形成室内空间；In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: comprising a frame structure formed by connecting a plurality of steel columns and steel beams arranged above the steel columns, a peripheral structure is arranged outside the frame structure, the peripheral structure comprises an outer wall body and steel columns and steel beams arranged inside the outer wall body, and a floor structure is arranged on the upper end of the peripheral structure to form an indoor space;
空间内部设有包含内隔墙和吊顶系统的内装结构。The space is equipped with an interior structure including internal partition walls and ceiling systems.
优选方案中，钢梁与钢柱、钢梁与钢梁和钢柱与钢柱在连接端处分别固设有端板，端板之间通过多个高强度螺栓固定连接，连接端处浇筑砼密封包覆。In the preferred embodiment, end plates are fixed at the connection ends of steel beams and steel columns, steel beams and steel columns, and steel columns and steel columns. The end plates are fixedly connected by multiple high-strength bolts, and the connection ends are cast with concrete for sealing.
优选方案中，外墙体连接处的水平缝采用启口连接，在连接顶部处的外墙体内设有钢梁，外墙体内部的两侧或一侧设有钢柱；In the preferred solution, the horizontal seam at the connection of the outer wall body is connected by an open joint, a steel beam is provided in the outer wall body at the connection top, and steel columns are provided on both sides or one side of the inner part of the outer wall body;
水平缝的外侧高程较低，内侧高程较高。The outer side of the horizontal joint has a lower elevation, while the inner side has a higher elevation.
优选方案中，外墙体采用轻质预制砼墙板，外墙体内部设有结构钢筋，结构钢筋的顶端在靠近钢梁的部分折弯，折弯的部分伸入钢梁内部空间；In the preferred solution, the outer wall is made of lightweight prefabricated concrete wall panels, and structural steel bars are arranged inside the outer wall. The top of the structural steel bars is bent at the part close to the steel beam, and the bent part extends into the inner space of the steel beam;
在外墙体的内侧还固设有竖直布置的定位保护杆，定位保护杆的底端部分伸出到水平缝内侧以下，与水平缝的外侧平齐，以实现外墙体辅助定位和防倾覆。A vertically arranged positioning protection rod is also fixed on the inner side of the outer wall. The bottom end of the positioning protection rod extends below the inner side of the horizontal seam and is flush with the outer side of the horizontal seam to achieve auxiliary positioning and anti-overturning of the outer wall.
优选方案中，楼盖结构为用于平屋面的楼板体系，楼板体系包括底部设有的楼面板，楼面板通过勾头螺栓连接下方的钢梁。In a preferred embodiment, the floor structure is a floor system for a flat roof, and the floor system includes a floor panel provided at the bottom, and the floor panel is connected to the steel beam below by hook bolts.
优选方案中，楼面板为包括预制板和现浇层的叠合楼板，叠合楼板内设有多个钢筋桁架，钢筋桁架上下连接现浇层和预制板内分别设有的分布钢筋。In the preferred embodiment, the floor panel is a composite floor panel including a precast panel and a cast-in-place layer. A plurality of steel trusses are provided in the composite floor panel, and the steel trusses are connected up and down to the distributed steel bars respectively provided in the cast-in-place layer and the precast panel.
优选方案中，分布钢筋在叠合楼板连接端处延伸出筋，预制板内的出筋向上折弯，伸入连接端处的现浇层内部。In the preferred embodiment, the distributed steel bars extend out from the connection ends of the composite floor slabs, and the bars in the precast slabs are bent upward and extend into the cast-in-place layer at the connection ends.
优选方案中，楼盖结构为用于坡屋面的轻钢框架体系，轻钢框架体系包括多个C形轻钢连接组成的钢框架，和设在钢框架之间的框架板。In a preferred embodiment, the floor structure is a light steel frame system for a sloping roof, and the light steel frame system includes a steel frame composed of a plurality of C-shaped light steel connections, and frame plates arranged between the steel frames.
优选方案中，内隔墙和吊顶系统内部均设有水电管线通道，吊顶系统位于楼盖结构与内隔墙之间，包括连接楼盖结构设有的主龙骨和连接主龙骨的次龙骨。In the preferred embodiment, water and electricity pipeline channels are provided inside the inner partition wall and the ceiling system. The ceiling system is located between the floor structure and the inner partition wall, and includes a main keel connected to the floor structure and a secondary keel connected to the main keel.
优选方案中，外围结构内侧和内隔墙均采用轻钢龙骨隔墙，轻钢龙骨隔墙包括多个竖向龙骨和固定竖向龙骨的横向龙骨，竖向龙骨之间填充有保温棉，通过紧固件在竖向龙骨和横向龙骨外侧固设有墙面板。In the preferred embodiment, the inner side of the outer structure and the inner partition wall are both made of light steel frame partition walls, which include multiple vertical keels and transverse keels for fixing the vertical keels. The vertical keels are filled with thermal insulation cotton, and wall panels are fixed to the outside of the vertical keels and transverse keels by fasteners.
本发明提供了一种适合低层住宅的轻钢-预制混凝土混合结构体系，包括由多个钢柱和设在钢柱上方的钢梁连接形成的框架结构，框架结构的外围设有外围结构，外围结构包括外墙体和设在外墙体内部的钢柱和钢梁，外围结构上端设有楼盖结构连接形成室内空间；空间内部设有包含内隔墙和吊顶系统的内装结构。外围结构采用内部设有钢柱和钢梁的轻质预制砼墙体，以及柱通梁断相连的方式，充分利用轻钢-预制混凝土混合结构中两种材料的优势，既保证结构体系安全性和可靠性高，又能在低层住宅应用中实现变形协调，同时住宅内部不设置承重墙体，可实现空间可变和户型可变。框架结构、外围结构、楼盖结构和内装结构中大部分工程量在工厂加工完成后，现场施工方便快捷，集成化程度高。同时在施工过程中，现场湿作业量极少，能减少大量环境粉尘和噪声污染，施工质量有保证；也不需要模板等周转材料，材料损耗极少，故本混合结构体系是节能节材节水的环境友好型结构体系。The present invention provides a light steel-precast concrete hybrid structure system suitable for low-rise residential buildings, including a frame structure formed by connecting a plurality of steel columns and steel beams arranged above the steel columns, a peripheral structure is arranged on the periphery of the frame structure, the peripheral structure includes an outer wall and steel columns and steel beams arranged inside the outer wall, a floor structure is arranged on the upper end of the peripheral structure to form an indoor space; and an interior structure including an inner partition wall and a ceiling system is arranged inside the space. The peripheral structure adopts a lightweight precast concrete wall with steel columns and steel beams arranged inside, and a column-through-beam-break connection method, making full use of the advantages of the two materials in the light steel-precast concrete hybrid structure, which not only ensures the safety and reliability of the structural system, but also realizes deformation coordination in low-rise residential applications. At the same time, no load-bearing walls are arranged inside the residential building, so that the space and the apartment type can be changed. After most of the engineering quantities in the frame structure, the peripheral structure, the floor structure and the interior structure are processed in the factory, the on-site construction is convenient and fast, and the degree of integration is high. At the same time, during the construction process, the amount of wet work on site is extremely small, which can reduce a lot of environmental dust and noise pollution, and the construction quality is guaranteed; there is no need for turnover materials such as formwork, and material loss is extremely small. Therefore, this hybrid structural system is an environmentally friendly structural system that saves energy, materials and water.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
图1是本发明混合结构体系示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid structure system of the present invention;
图2是本发明外墙体与钢梁和钢柱连接俯视图；FIG2 is a top view of the connection between the outer wall, the steel beam and the steel column of the present invention;
图3是本发明两个外墙体连接剖视图；FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of the connection of two exterior walls of the present invention;
图4是本发明钢梁与钢梁连接示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between steel beams of the present invention;
图5是本发明楼板体系与钢梁连接示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the floor system and the steel beam of the present invention;
图6是本发明两个叠合楼板连接示意图；FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of two composite floor slabs according to the present invention;
图7是本发明叠合楼板与外围结构连接示意图；FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the composite floor slab and the peripheral structure of the present invention;
图8是本发明钢框架和框架板连接示意图；FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the steel frame and the frame plate of the present invention;
图9是本发明轻钢框架体系剖视图；FIG9 is a cross-sectional view of a light steel frame system of the present invention;
图10是本发明吊顶系统示意图；FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a ceiling system of the present invention;
图11是本发明轻钢龙骨隔墙侧剖视图；FIG11 is a side sectional view of a light steel keel partition wall of the present invention;
图12是本发明轻钢龙骨隔墙正剖视图；FIG12 is a front cross-sectional view of a light steel keel partition wall of the present invention;
图中：框架结构1；钢柱101；钢梁102；端板103；高强度螺栓104；外围结构2；外墙体201；水平缝202；结构钢筋203；定位保护杆204；楼盖结构3；楼板体系5；楼面板501；勾头螺栓502；叠合楼板503；预制板504；现浇层505；钢筋桁架506；分布钢筋507；出筋508；轻钢框架体系6；钢框架601；框架板602；内装结构4；内隔墙401；吊顶系统402；主龙骨403；次龙骨404；轻钢龙骨隔墙405；竖向龙骨406；横向龙骨407；保温棉408；墙面板409。In the figure: frame structure 1; steel column 101; steel beam 102; end plate 103; high-strength bolt 104; peripheral structure 2; outer wall 201; horizontal seam 202; structural steel bar 203; positioning protection rod 204; floor structure 3; floor system 5; floor panel 501; hook bolt 502; composite floor 503; prefabricated panel 504; cast-in-place layer 505; steel truss 506; distribution steel bar 507; outrigger 508; light steel frame system 6; steel frame 601; frame plate 602; interior structure 4; interior partition wall 401; ceiling system 402; main keel 403; secondary keel 404; light steel keel partition wall 405; vertical keel 406; horizontal keel 407; insulation cotton 408; wall panel 409.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
实施例1：Embodiment 1:
如图1-11所示，一种适合低层住宅的轻钢-预制混凝土混合结构体系，包括由多个钢柱101和设在钢柱101上方的钢梁102连接形成的框架结构1，框架结构1的外围设有外围结构2，外围结构2包括外墙体201和设在外墙体201内部的钢柱101和钢梁102，外围结构2上端设有楼盖结构3连接形成室内空间；空间内部设有包含内隔墙401和吊顶系统402的内装结构4。由此结构，框架结构1外部的钢柱101和钢梁102预埋在外墙体201内，框架结构1内部的钢柱101和钢梁102螺栓固定，采用柱通梁断的方式连接，节点连接方便快捷；通过钢柱101和钢梁102连接外围结构2和楼盖结构3，形成住宅室内空间，内部的内装结构4为装配式体系，不设置承重墙体，因此可根据需求实现室内空间可变、户型可变；框架结构1、外围结构2、楼盖结构3和内装结构4形成全装配式建筑混合结构体系，采用工厂预制加工、现场装配的方式实施，保证结构体系安全性和可靠性，同时现场湿作业量和材料损耗极少，还能减少大量环境粉尘和噪声污染，使得现场施工作业方便、施工质量有保证。As shown in Figures 1-11, a light steel-precast concrete hybrid structure system suitable for low-rise residential buildings includes a frame structure 1 formed by connecting multiple steel columns 101 and steel beams 102 arranged above the steel columns 101, a peripheral structure 2 is arranged on the periphery of the frame structure 1, the peripheral structure 2 includes an outer wall 201 and steel columns 101 and steel beams 102 arranged inside the outer wall 201, a floor structure 3 is arranged on the upper end of the peripheral structure 2 to form an indoor space; an interior structure 4 including an inner partition wall 401 and a ceiling system 402 is arranged inside the space. According to this structure, the steel columns 101 and steel beams 102 outside the frame structure 1 are embedded in the outer wall 201, and the steel columns 101 and steel beams 102 inside the frame structure 1 are fixed with bolts and connected in a column-through-beam-break manner, so that the node connection is convenient and fast; the outer structure 2 and the floor structure 3 are connected by the steel columns 101 and the steel beams 102 to form a residential indoor space, and the internal interior structure 4 is an assembled system without load-bearing walls, so that the indoor space and the apartment type can be changed according to needs; the frame structure 1, the outer structure 2, the floor structure 3 and the interior structure 4 form a fully assembled building hybrid structural system, which is implemented by factory prefabrication and on-site assembly to ensure the safety and reliability of the structural system. At the same time, the amount of wet work and material loss on site are extremely small, and a large amount of environmental dust and noise pollution can be reduced, making on-site construction work convenient and the construction quality guaranteed.
优选方案中，如图1-4所示，钢梁102与钢柱101、钢梁102与钢梁102和钢柱101与钢柱101在连接端处分别固设有端板103，端板103之间通过多个高强度螺栓104固定连接，连接端处浇筑砼密封包覆。由此结构，钢柱101和钢梁102均为轻钢，通过在钢柱101和钢梁102的连接处设置端板103，端板103内部布置多个孔洞，孔洞内设有高强度螺栓104用以连接固定，后浇筑砼封堵填实，其中钢柱101与钢柱101之间采用通长连接方式，以使连接节点可靠、传力途径清晰；轻钢结构的钢柱101和钢梁102能减轻建筑自身重量，从而降低地基和结构的承载压力；优选地，钢梁102采用“H”形钢梁102，钢柱101采用方形钢柱101。In the preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-4, end plates 103 are fixed at the connecting ends of steel beams 102 and steel columns 101, steel beams 102 and steel beams 102, and steel columns 101 and steel columns 101, respectively. The end plates 103 are fixedly connected by multiple high-strength bolts 104, and the connecting ends are cast with concrete for sealing. According to this structure, the steel column 101 and the steel beam 102 are both light steel. An end plate 103 is set at the connection between the steel column 101 and the steel beam 102, and a plurality of holes are arranged inside the end plate 103. High-strength bolts 104 are provided in the holes for connection and fixation, and then concrete is poured to seal and fill. A through-length connection is adopted between the steel columns 101 and the steel columns 101 to make the connection nodes reliable and the force transmission path clear. The steel columns 101 and steel beams 102 of the light steel structure can reduce the weight of the building itself, thereby reducing the bearing pressure of the foundation and the structure. Preferably, the steel beam 102 adopts an "H"-shaped steel beam 102, and the steel column 101 adopts a square steel column 101.
优选方案中，如图2、3所示，外墙体201连接处的水平缝202采用启口连接，在连接顶部处的外墙体201内设有钢梁102，外墙体201内部的两侧或一侧设有钢柱101；水平缝202的外侧高程较低，内侧高程较高。由此结构，两个对齐连接的外墙体201，在连接处的水平缝202设置为内高外低的启口反坎连接方式，即水平缝202的外侧高程较低，内侧高程较高。用以提高防水效果，外墙的雨水不易进入，也延长了渗透路径，其次是在装配时，水平缝202实现自限位，避免外墙体201向外倾覆。外墙体201内部的钢梁102布置在上下层连接顶部处，在外墙体201内两侧或一侧设有的钢柱101作为结构柱，以确保整体结构安全可靠。In the preferred embodiment, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the horizontal seam 202 at the connection of the outer wall 201 adopts an open connection, a steel beam 102 is provided in the outer wall 201 at the connection top, and a steel column 101 is provided on both sides or one side of the outer wall 201; the outer elevation of the horizontal seam 202 is lower, and the inner elevation is higher. With this structure, the horizontal seam 202 at the connection of the two aligned and connected outer walls 201 is set as an open reverse sill connection mode with high inside and low outside, that is, the outer elevation of the horizontal seam 202 is lower, and the inner elevation is higher. It is used to improve the waterproof effect, and rainwater from the outer wall is not easy to enter, and the penetration path is also extended. Secondly, during assembly, the horizontal seam 202 realizes self-limiting to prevent the outer wall 201 from tipping outward. The steel beam 102 inside the outer wall 201 is arranged at the top of the upper and lower layers, and the steel columns 101 provided on both sides or one side of the outer wall 201 are used as structural columns to ensure the safety and reliability of the overall structure.
优选方案中，如图3所示，外墙体201采用轻质预制砼墙板，外墙体201内部设有结构钢筋203，结构钢筋203的顶端在靠近钢梁102的部分折弯，折弯的部分伸入钢梁102内部空间。由此结构，外墙体201采用预制砼墙板，其中预制砼由轻骨料拌制而成；结构钢筋203为双层双向结构分布的钢筋，结构钢筋203的顶端折弯并伸入钢梁102内部空间，以确保外墙体201与钢梁102连接稳定性；优选地，外墙体201厚度为250mm～300mm，长度不超过6m，高度不超过3.3m，面密度不超过450kg/m2。In the preferred solution, as shown in FIG3 , the outer wall 201 is made of lightweight prefabricated concrete wall panels, and structural steel bars 203 are arranged inside the outer wall 201. The top of the structural steel bars 203 is bent at the part close to the steel beam 102, and the bent part extends into the inner space of the steel beam 102. According to this structure, the outer wall 201 is made of prefabricated concrete wall panels, wherein the prefabricated concrete is mixed with lightweight aggregate; the structural steel bars 203 are double-layer bidirectional structural distributed steel bars, and the top of the structural steel bars 203 is bent and extends into the inner space of the steel beam 102 to ensure the connection stability between the outer wall 201 and the steel beam 102; preferably, the thickness of the outer wall 201 is 250 mm to 300 mm, the length does not exceed 6 m, the height does not exceed 3.3 m, and the surface density does not exceed 450 kg/m 2 .
进一步地，在外墙体201的内侧还固设有竖直布置的定位保护杆204，定位保护杆204的底端部分伸出到水平缝202内侧以下，与水平缝202的外侧平齐，以实现外墙体201辅助定位和防倾覆。由此结构，定位保护杆204的底端部分伸出到水平缝202内侧以下，与水平缝202的外侧平齐，以实现外墙体201辅助定位和防倾覆。定位保护杆204的作用包括：一是使外墙体201的底部平直，能够被竖直的放置，在装配时定位保护杆204能够辅助外墙体201定位，当定位保护杆204的内侧与下层的外墙体201的外壁贴合，则下层的外墙体201与上层的外墙体201实现定位，且定位保护杆204还起到底部限位的效果，以使外墙体201在装配过程中不易倾覆。优选的，定位保护杆204采用角钢，通过预埋螺母或螺栓与外墙体201固定连接，预埋的螺母也作为后续内装的连接结构。Furthermore, a vertically arranged positioning and protection rod 204 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the outer wall 201, and the bottom end portion of the positioning and protection rod 204 extends below the inner side of the horizontal slit 202 and is flush with the outer side of the horizontal slit 202, so as to realize auxiliary positioning and anti-overturning of the outer wall 201. With this structure, the bottom end portion of the positioning and protection rod 204 extends below the inner side of the horizontal slit 202 and is flush with the outer side of the horizontal slit 202, so as to realize auxiliary positioning and anti-overturning of the outer wall 201. The functions of the positioning protection rod 204 include: first, making the bottom of the outer wall 201 flat and able to be placed vertically, and the positioning protection rod 204 can assist in positioning the outer wall 201 during assembly, and when the inner side of the positioning protection rod 204 fits the outer wall of the lower outer wall 201, the lower outer wall 201 and the upper outer wall 201 are positioned, and the positioning protection rod 204 also has the effect of limiting the bottom position, so that the outer wall 201 is not easy to overturn during the assembly process. Preferably, the positioning protection rod 204 is made of angle steel, and is fixedly connected to the outer wall 201 by pre-embedded nuts or bolts, and the pre-embedded nuts are also used as the subsequent internal connection structure.
优选方案中，如图1、5所示，楼盖结构3为用于平屋面的楼板体系5，楼板体系5包括底部设有的楼面板501，楼面板501通过勾头螺栓502连接下方的钢梁102。由此结构，用于平屋面的楼盖结构3或上下楼层之间设有的楼盖结构3均可采用楼板体系5，楼面板501布置在钢梁102上端，内部设有扩孔用以连接勾头螺栓502的一端，勾头螺栓502的另一端固定在钢梁102顶部，以使楼面板501与钢梁102上下固定连接。优选地，楼板体系5由下至上依次设有楼面板501、防水层、OSB板垫层和装饰面层；进一步优选地，对于厨房或卫生间，OSB板垫层上部还铺设有水泥砂浆找平和防水层，顶部再铺设地砖装饰层面；优选地，楼面板501采用ALC板，即蒸压轻质加气混凝土板，厚度为200mm，ALC板自重轻，可降低结构荷载。In the preferred embodiment, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, the floor structure 3 is a floor system 5 for a flat roof, and the floor system 5 includes a floor panel 501 provided at the bottom, and the floor panel 501 is connected to the steel beam 102 below through a hook bolt 502. With this structure, the floor structure 3 for a flat roof or the floor structure 3 provided between upper and lower floors can adopt the floor system 5, and the floor panel 501 is arranged at the upper end of the steel beam 102, and an expansion hole is provided inside for connecting one end of the hook bolt 502, and the other end of the hook bolt 502 is fixed to the top of the steel beam 102, so that the floor panel 501 is fixedly connected to the steel beam 102 up and down. Preferably, the floor system 5 is provided with a floor panel 501, a waterproof layer, an OSB board cushion layer and a decorative surface layer in sequence from bottom to top; further preferably, for the kitchen or bathroom, a cement mortar leveling and waterproof layer is also laid on the upper part of the OSB board cushion layer, and a floor tile decorative surface layer is laid on the top; preferably, the floor panel 501 adopts an ALC board, that is, an autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete board, with a thickness of 200 mm. The ALC board has a light weight and can reduce the structural load.
优选方案中，如图5-7所示，楼面板501为包括预制板504或现浇层505的叠合楼板503，叠合楼板503内设有多个钢筋桁架506，钢筋桁架506上下连接现浇层505和预制板504内分别设有的分布钢筋507。由此结构，钢筋桁架506的一端连接位于预制板504内的分布钢筋507，另一端连接位于预制板504上方现浇层505内的分布钢筋507，在现浇层505内浇筑砼构成叠合楼板503，多个钢筋桁架506用以承受传递结构荷载。优选地，钢筋桁架506的高度为叠合楼板503厚度减去6～7cm。In the preferred embodiment, as shown in Figs. 5-7, the floor panel 501 is a composite floor 503 including a precast panel 504 or a cast-in-place layer 505, and a plurality of steel trusses 506 are provided in the composite floor 503, and the steel trusses 506 are connected to the distribution steel bars 507 provided in the cast-in-place layer 505 and the precast panel 504 respectively. According to this structure, one end of the steel truss 506 is connected to the distribution steel bars 507 located in the precast panel 504, and the other end is connected to the distribution steel bars 507 located in the cast-in-place layer 505 above the precast panel 504, and concrete is poured in the cast-in-place layer 505 to form the composite floor 503, and the plurality of steel trusses 506 are used to bear the transfer structural load. Preferably, the height of the steel truss 506 is the thickness of the composite floor 503 minus 6 to 7 cm.
优选方案中，如图6、7所示，分布钢筋507在叠合楼板503连接端处延伸出筋508，预制板504内的出筋508向上折弯，伸入连接端处的现浇层505内部。由此结构，水平对齐的叠合楼板503整体连接时，现浇层505内部的分布钢筋507在连接端处向外延伸出筋508，左右出筋508交叉重叠绑扎，预制板504内的出筋508在连接端处进行向上折弯；叠合楼板503与下端的框架结构1、外围结构2或内装结构4等支座部件形成直角连接时，预制板504和现浇层505内的分布钢筋507在连接直角处延伸出筋508，预制板504内的出筋508向上折弯；在现浇层505内浇筑砼，预制板504生产过程中无需进行边模封堵，实现全自动流水线生产。优选地，出筋508在连接端处3～5cm的位置折弯，折弯高度大于预制板504高度的1～2cm；若作为单向搭接板，出筋的长度大于5倍钢筋直径，若作为双向搭接板，出筋的长度大于15倍钢筋直径。In the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , the distribution steel bars 507 extend into bars 508 at the connection end of the composite floor slab 503 , and the bars 508 in the precast slab 504 are bent upward and extend into the cast-in-place layer 505 at the connection end. With this structure, when the horizontally aligned composite floor slabs 503 are connected as a whole, the distributed steel bars 507 inside the cast-in-place layer 505 extend outward at the connection end to form bars 508, the left and right bars 508 are cross-overlapped and tied, and the bars 508 in the precast panel 504 are bent upward at the connection end; when the composite floor slab 503 forms a right-angle connection with the supporting components such as the frame structure 1, the peripheral structure 2 or the interior structure 4 at the lower end, the distributed steel bars 507 in the precast panel 504 and the cast-in-place layer 505 extend outward at the right angle of the connection to form bars 508, and the bars 508 in the precast panel 504 are bent upward; when pouring concrete in the cast-in-place layer 505, there is no need to seal the side molds during the production process of the precast panel 504, thereby realizing fully automatic assembly line production. Preferably, the rib 508 is bent at a position of 3 to 5 cm from the connection end, and the bending height is 1 to 2 cm greater than the height of the prefabricated plate 504; if used as a one-way lap plate, the length of the rib is greater than 5 times the diameter of the steel bar, and if used as a two-way lap plate, the length of the rib is greater than 15 times the diameter of the steel bar.
优选方案中，如图1、8、9所示，楼盖结构3为用于坡屋面的轻钢框架体系6，轻钢框架体系6包括多个C形轻钢连接组成的钢框架601，和设在钢框架601之间的框架板602。由此结构，对于坡屋面采用轻钢框架体系6，多个C形轻钢通过螺栓或焊接方式固定连接，钢框架601所形成的中空部分铺设框架板602，多个框架板602与钢框架601连接形成密封结构，并固定在外围结构2上端。优选地，轻钢框架体系6由下至上依次设有钢框架601与框架板602、防水层、OSB板垫层、保温层、防水层和屋面层。In the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 , 8 and 9 , the floor structure 3 is a light steel frame system 6 for a sloping roof, and the light steel frame system 6 includes a steel frame 601 composed of a plurality of C-shaped light steels, and a frame plate 602 disposed between the steel frames 601. With this structure, a light steel frame system 6 is used for a sloping roof, a plurality of C-shaped light steels are fixedly connected by bolts or welding, a frame plate 602 is laid in the hollow portion formed by the steel frame 601, and a plurality of frame plates 602 are connected to the steel frame 601 to form a sealing structure, and fixed to the upper end of the peripheral structure 2. Preferably, the light steel frame system 6 is provided with a steel frame 601 and a frame plate 602, a waterproof layer, an OSB board cushion layer, an insulation layer, a waterproof layer and a roofing layer in sequence from bottom to top.
优选方案中，如图1、10所示，内隔墙401和吊顶系统402内部均设有水电管线通道，吊顶系统402位于楼盖结构3与内隔墙401之间，包括连接楼盖结构3设有的主龙骨403和连接主龙骨403的次龙骨404。由此结构，水电管线与内装结构4分离布置，并集成在内隔墙401和吊顶系统402内部，竖向水电管线布置在内隔墙401内，水平管线布置在吊顶系统402内，方便后期的维修与更新；通过在主龙骨403上布置吊件用以连接上方的楼盖结构3，次龙骨404搭接在内隔墙401顶部，次龙骨404之间设有装饰面板，用以形成密封的吊顶系统402。In the preferred solution, as shown in Figs. 1 and 10, water and electricity pipelines are provided inside the inner partition wall 401 and the ceiling system 402. The ceiling system 402 is located between the floor structure 3 and the inner partition wall 401, and includes a main keel 403 connected to the floor structure 3 and a secondary keel 404 connected to the main keel 403. With this structure, the water and electricity pipelines are arranged separately from the interior structure 4 and integrated inside the inner partition wall 401 and the ceiling system 402. The vertical water and electricity pipelines are arranged in the inner partition wall 401, and the horizontal pipelines are arranged in the ceiling system 402, which is convenient for later maintenance and updating; by arranging hanging parts on the main keel 403 to connect the upper floor structure 3, the secondary keel 404 is overlapped on the top of the inner partition wall 401, and decorative panels are arranged between the secondary keels 404 to form a sealed ceiling system 402.
优选方案中，如图1、11、12所示，外围结构2内侧和内隔墙401均采用轻钢龙骨隔墙405，轻钢龙骨隔墙405包括多个竖向龙骨406和固定竖向龙骨406的横向龙骨407，竖向龙骨406之间填充有保温棉408，通过紧固件在竖向龙骨406和横向龙骨407外侧固设有墙面板409。由此结构，内隔墙401采用设有保温棉408的轻钢龙骨隔墙405，外围结构2包括外墙体201，和外墙体201内侧设有保温棉408的轻钢龙骨隔墙405，均是为实现保温节能设计。优选地，对于有固定钉挂需要的，在竖向龙骨406或横向龙骨407内布置衬垫，用以增加强度，确保钉挂力和安全性。优选地，保温棉408为岩棉或玻璃纤维棉，墙面板409为石膏板或水泥纤维板；墙面板409铺设为双层双面板，以增强保温和隔声效果。In the preferred solution, as shown in Figs. 1, 11 and 12, the inner side of the peripheral structure 2 and the inner partition wall 401 both use a light steel keel partition wall 405, which includes a plurality of vertical keels 406 and a transverse keel 407 for fixing the vertical keels 406, and insulation cotton 408 is filled between the vertical keels 406, and a wall panel 409 is fixed on the outer side of the vertical keels 406 and the transverse keels 407 by fasteners. With this structure, the inner partition wall 401 uses a light steel keel partition wall 405 with insulation cotton 408, the peripheral structure 2 includes an outer wall 201, and a light steel keel partition wall 405 with insulation cotton 408 on the inner side of the outer wall 201, all of which are designed to achieve thermal insulation and energy saving. Preferably, for those that need to be fixed and nailed, a pad is arranged in the vertical keel 406 or the transverse keel 407 to increase strength, ensure nailing force and safety. Preferably, the thermal insulation wool 408 is rock wool or glass fiber wool, and the wall panel 409 is gypsum board or cement fiber board; the wall panel 409 is paved with a double-layer double-panel board to enhance the thermal insulation and sound insulation effects.
实施例2：Embodiment 2:
结合实施例1进一步说明，本混合结构体系用于不超过4层的低层住宅，其施工流程包括：基础施工并预埋螺栓；安装固定钢柱101和钢梁102；安装预制外墙体201并与钢柱101和钢梁102连接；安装一层楼面ALC板；安装二层钢柱101；安装二层钢梁102和预制外墙体201；安装屋面钢梁102及用于屋面的楼盖结构3；内装结构4拼装内隔墙401和吊顶系统402，并完成水电管线施工。To further illustrate in conjunction with Example 1, the hybrid structural system is used for low-rise residential buildings of no more than 4 floors, and its construction process includes: foundation construction and pre-embedded bolts; installation and fixing of steel columns 101 and steel beams 102; installation of prefabricated exterior walls 201 and connection with steel columns 101 and steel beams 102; installation of first-floor ALC panels; installation of second-floor steel columns 101; installation of second-floor steel beams 102 and prefabricated exterior walls 201; installation of roof steel beams 102 and floor structures 3 for the roof; assembly of interior partition walls 401 and ceiling systems 402 in the interior structure 4, and completion of water and electricity pipeline construction.
更进一步说明，本实施例优选地采用楼板体系5，其中叠合楼板503中预制板504的生产过程包括：将预制板504数据输入控制系统，生成组模方案、钢筋布置方案和砼用量规格数据；将台模运行到边模布置区，机械手根据组模方案自动布置边模，并用边模内部永磁铁固定边模；机械手在组模区域内喷涂脱模剂；台模运行到钢筋布置区，机械手根据钢筋数据抓取分布钢筋507及钢筋桁架506，布置分布钢筋507及钢筋桁架506；将台模运行至砼布料区，砼布料机根据砼数据自动在组模区域内布料；震捣台模，将砼震捣密实；运行台模至养护室进行养护，砼达到强度后出库，即完成叠合楼板503中预制板504的流水线自动化生产。To further illustrate, the present embodiment preferably adopts the floor system 5, wherein the production process of the precast panels 504 in the composite floor 503 includes: inputting the data of the precast panels 504 into the control system to generate a die assembly plan, a reinforcement arrangement plan and concrete usage specification data; moving the table mold to the side mold arrangement area, the manipulator automatically arranges the side mold according to the die assembly plan, and fixes the side mold with the permanent magnet inside the side mold; the manipulator sprays a release agent in the die assembly area; the table mold moves to the reinforcement arrangement area, the manipulator grabs the distributed reinforcement 507 and the reinforcement truss 506 according to the reinforcement data, and arranges the distributed reinforcement 507 and the reinforcement truss 506; the table mold moves to the concrete distribution area, the concrete distribution machine automatically distributes the concrete in the die assembly area according to the concrete data; vibrates the table mold to compact the concrete; moves the table mold to the curing room for curing, and the concrete is shipped out after reaching the strength, thus completing the automated production of the precast panels 504 in the composite floor 503.
上述的实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案，而不应视为对于本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求记载的技术方案，包括权利要求记载的技术方案中技术特征的等同替换方案为保护范围。即在此范围内的等同替换改进，也在本发明的保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201614693U (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2010-10-27 | 迈特建筑科技(武汉)有限公司 | Cold bent thin-walled steel roof beam for building |
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