CN118803459A

CN118803459A - A low-power remote transmission system and method for collecting data on power transmission line dancing

Info

Publication number: CN118803459A
Application number: CN202410753948.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏振; 杨咏新; 韩麟; 林文辉; 李仪佳; 毕建鑫; 王澎; 韩兴臣; 赵祥君; 陈方; 陈明礼
Original assignee: Qingdao Jiacheng Electrical Consulting Co ltd; Qingdao Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Jiacheng Electrical Consulting Co ltd; Qingdao Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
Priority date: 2024-06-12
Filing date: 2024-06-12
Publication date: 2024-10-18

Abstract

The invention provides a micro-power consumption remote transmission system and a method for collecting power transmission line galloping data, which form a low-power consumption galloping remote transmission system through an acceleration sensor, an angular velocity sensor, a main control unit, an NB-IOT module and an RFID module, and the monitoring data is remotely transmitted through the NB-IOT module, and the monitoring data is locally transmitted through the RFID module. And the acquired acceleration galloping data and angle galloping data are fused by using a Kalr filtering method, so that the error of the data acquired by the sensor is reduced, and the accuracy of the subsequent galloping data analysis of the power transmission line is improved.

Description

Micro-power consumption remote transmission system and method for power transmission line galloping data acquisition

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission line monitoring, and particularly relates to a micro-power consumption remote transmission system and method for power transmission line galloping data acquisition.

Background

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.

The transmission line often needs to span various complex meteorological condition areas, and various natural environments and meteorological loads form a great threat to the safety and stability of the transmission line. The normal working transmission line conductor is not only affected by the action of traction force, but also the weight of the conductor, and the influence of extremely bad weather such as storm wind, storm rain, snow storm and the like, and the accumulated rain erosion all the year round can also affect the transmission line conductor main body. In remote mountain areas, such as riverbed areas, desert areas, mountain slope dangerous areas and other areas with extremely high geological damage degree, the traction stress of the long-time running transmission line wires is unbalanced, the transmission line wires basically adopt overhead lines, and the damage to the transmission line wires is obvious when the transmission line wires are matched with natural disasters, so that the real-time running condition of the transmission line wires is ensured to be safe and reliable. Under the combined action of multiple loads, the lead can cause the whole or part of the transmission lead to be in galloping, the galloping can lead to fatigue damage of a tower material, tearing of a bolt hole, looseness of a node bolt and even falling off, the bearing performance of the lead is reduced, the lead is damaged locally if the lead is light, and the lead is overturned wholly if the lead is heavy. The occurrence of the conditions is gradual, so that fault detection and early warning can be carried out through galloping monitoring, and therefore, effective monitoring of the galloping of the lead is very necessary. At present, the existing online monitoring mode has the problems of large investment scale, large deployment difficulty, high maintenance cost, poor power supply reliability and communication. And for the single transmission line galloping parameter that obtains, because there is certain error in the measurement data of sensor, lead to the inaccurate problem of analysis that is used for follow-up transmission line galloping.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a micro-power consumption remote transmission system and a micro-power consumption remote transmission method for collecting power transmission line galloping data. And the acquired acceleration galloping data and angle galloping data are fused by using a Kalr filtering method, so that the error of the data acquired by the sensor is reduced, and the accuracy of the subsequent galloping data analysis of the power transmission line is improved.

To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a micro-power consumption remote transmission system for power transmission line galloping data acquisition, which is characterized by comprising:

the acceleration and angular velocity sensor is used for collecting galloping data of the power transmission line and sending the galloping data to the main control unit;

The main control unit is used for receiving the galloping data acquired by the acceleration sensor and the angular velocity sensor in real time, and fusing the acquired acceleration galloping data and angular velocity galloping data based on a Kalman filtering method to form monitoring data;

The NB-IOT module is used for uploading the monitoring data of the main control unit to the cloud;

And the RFID module is used for transmitting the monitoring data of the main control unit to the local mobile terminal.

The second aspect of the invention provides a micro-power consumption remote transmission method for power transmission line galloping data acquisition, which comprises the following steps:

acquiring acceleration galloping data and angle galloping data of a power transmission line;

The acquired acceleration galloping data and angular velocity galloping data are fused by using a Kalman filtering method to form monitoring data;

The monitoring data is remotely transmitted based on NB-IoT communications and locally transmitted based on RFID communications.

A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer apparatus comprising: the system comprises a processor, a memory and a bus, wherein the memory stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, when the computer device runs, the processor and the memory are communicated through the bus, and the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor to execute a power transmission line galloping data acquisition micro-power consumption remote transmission method.

A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor performs a method for power line galloping data acquisition micro power consumption telemetry.

The one or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

In the invention, a low-power-consumption galloping remote transmission system is formed by an acceleration sensor, an angular velocity sensor, a main control unit, an NB-IOT module and an RFID module, monitoring data are remotely transmitted by the NB-IOT module, and the monitoring data are locally transmitted by the RFID module. And the acquired acceleration galloping data and angle galloping data are fused by using a Kalr filtering method, so that the error of the data acquired by the sensor is reduced, and the accuracy of the subsequent galloping data analysis of the power transmission line is improved.

Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.

Fig. 1 is a frame diagram of a micro-power consumption remote transmission system for power transmission line galloping data acquisition in a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an NB-IOT module operation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a decoupling diagram of an ICM-20948 chip according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an N21 module power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 shows an N21 module MCU control power-on circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating operation of an RFID module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Example 1

The embodiment discloses transmission line galloping data acquisition micropower dissipation teletransmission system includes:

There are many characteristic parameters affecting the conductor galloping, but there are three main monitoring parameters, namely the amplitude, frequency and half wave number of the transmission line galloping.

In the embodiment, the acceleration and angular velocity sensor adopts ICM-20948, the ICM-20948 can output the acceleration and angular velocity of three axes, the accelerometer and the gyroscope of the ICM-20948 have advantages and disadvantages, the acceleration value of the three axes has no accumulated error, and the inclination angle can be obtained through calculation, but the sensor contains too much noise, such as acceleration generated when the object to be measured moves, the sensor cannot be directly used, and only the inclination angle obtained in a static state is accurate; the gyroscope has small influence on external waving and high precision, and can obtain the inclination angle through angular velocity integration, but accumulated errors can be generated. Therefore, the accelerometer or gyroscope of ICM-20948 alone cannot be used to obtain tilt angle for angular measurements in motion, and complementation is required. The idea of the kalman filtering algorithm is to give different weights to the acceleration and the gyroscope, and combine them together for correction.

The angles obtained by the gyroscope and the accelerometer have certain errors, the gyroscope obtains the angles in an integral process, and the more the accumulation times, the larger the errors. The angle is obtained through the accelerometer, and when the attitude sensor is not stationary, the data obtained by the accelerometer is the sum of the gravity acceleration and the motion acceleration, and the obtained data has a certain error. The method comprises the steps of integrating data acquired by a gyroscope and an accelerometer by using a Kalman filtering algorithm, continuously recursing a covariance matrix according to real-time data, thereby estimating an optimal angle value, only preserving the covariance matrix at the last moment, changing the value of a Kalman gain coefficient along with data at different moments, and optimally estimating the Kalman gain coefficient according to the data at different moments. The following detailed implementation steps are as follows:

1) Predicting a current angle value

First predicting the current Angle value, we consider that the Angle at this time can be approximated as the Angle value at the previous moment plus the angular acceleration value measured by the gyroscope at the previous moment times time, because Angle = Gyro x t, but the gyroscope has a static drift q_gyro, which value is meaningless to subtract from when it is calculated. From this we get the predicted value Angle of the current Angle.

Wherein the Angle on the left of the equal sign is the Angle predicted at this time, the Angle on the right of the equal sign is the Angle predicted at the previous time, gyro is the value of the angular velocity measured by the gyroscope, and t is the time interval between the two filtering. Q_ syro is also a variable quantity, but the current drift is considered to be the same as the moment in time, i.e. q_gyro=q_gyro, in terms of prediction.

2) Prediction covariance matrix

The second step is to predict the predicted value of the variance matrix, Q-Gyr. Is the noise of the drift, Q _ Angle is the noise of the Angle value,For the system noise covariance matrix, the variance values D (q_angle), D (q_gyro) are specified constants, so the system noise covariance matrix is known, and the trust degree of the system to the gyroscope can be set by setting the system noise covariance matrix Q.

Wherein abcd on the left of the equal sign is the covariance matrix element of the prediction, and abcd on the right of the equal sign is the covariance matrix element of the prediction of the last time.

3) Calculating a Kalman gain coefficient

The kalman gain coefficient is a two-dimensional vector set as Kg (k) = |j, wherein ICAngle refers to an Angle measurement noise value, and is a constant, and the trust degree of the system on accelerometer data can be adjusted by setting R_angle.

4) Calculating a current optimization estimate

Correction of the data by Kalman gain, where Acc_Angle is the Angle calculated by the accelerometer, as measured value, rightBy combining the predicted value and the measured value, the optimal estimated value of the display state, i.e. the left side, can be obtained for the current predicted value

5) Updating covariance matrix

In order to keep the kalman filter running until the end of the system process, the covariance matrix is updated.

As shown in FIG. 3, the ICM-20948 used in this example was applied by placing a 1 μF tantalum capacitor (C _s) at V _S and a 0.1 μF ceramic capacitor (C _I/O) at V _DDI/O near the ICM-20948 power pins to sufficiently decouple the accelerometer and eliminate power supply noise. If additional decoupling is required, a resistor or ferrite bead of no more than 100 Ω is placed in series with V _S, which may be functional. In addition, by adding a bypass capacitor to a tantalum capacitor of 10 μF to V _S and connecting a ceramic capacitor of 0.1 μF in parallel, noise can be improved. It should be noted that it is ensured that the connection from the ICM-20948 ground to the power ground has a low impedance, since noise through the ground has a similar effect as noise propagating through V _S. It is recommended to apply V _S and VD _DI/O separately to minimize the digital clock noise of the V _S power supply. If not feasible, additional power filtering may be required as previously mentioned.

In designing a PCB, it is considered that the ICM-20948 is mounted near the firm mounting point of the PCB. If the ICM-20948 is mounted on an unsupported PCB, significant measurement errors may result due to the fact that PCB waving is not inhibited. Mounting the accelerometer near the firm set point ensures that any PCB on the accelerometer will wave above the resonant frequency of the mechanical sensor of the accelerometer, so that the accelerometer's wave is practically negligible. The proximity sensor and/or thicker PCB also helps reduce the effect of system resonance on sensor performance at multiple mounting points.

In this embodiment, the ICM-20948 uses a communication method of accessing the IIC bus to bidirectionally communicate with the main control chip, and collects the galloping inclination parameters by slight or severe shaking of the power transmission line lead body. In the system, one IIC bus of the MCU is set to be an analog IIC. The software design of the ICM-20948 sensor module mainly includes the initialization of ICM-20948, the IIC timing procedure, and the ICM-20948 function procedure.

When the system is powered on, the ICM-20948 sensor firstly performs module initialization and IIC initialization, starts to read data information after the time of the timer interruption is reached, fuses sensor data by utilizing a built-in Kalman filtering algorithm, and finally sends the data to the LoRa or NB-IoT data sending buffer area.

As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the NB-IOT module employs an N21 wireless communication module, which is an ultra-small package NB-IOT industrial-level wireless communication module. The module is characterized by ultra-low power consumption, wide area coverage, simple peripheral circuit, easy development of clients and suitability for low-speed and low-power consumption Internet of things communication equipment. The module adopts 22Pin LGA package, the external dimension is only 18mm 13.8mm 2.5mm, and the structure can basically meet the requirement of the application on the space dimension.

In this embodiment, the power supply design of the N21 wireless communication module includes two parts: circuit design and PCB layout. Reasonable circuit design is favorable for reliable operation of the module, and PCB design can ensure the electromagnetic compatibility reliability of the product and effectively reduce the power consumption.

As shown in fig. 4, the maximum input voltage of the power supply of the N21 wireless communication module is 4.3V, and the typical value is 3.6V; the TVS2 protection voltage cannot be higher than the highest bearing voltage of the module, and needs to be placed close to the power input interface, so that the power surge voltage is clamped before entering the back-end circuit, and the back-end device and the module are protected; c3 can select a large-capacity aluminum electrolytic capacitor (470 mu F or 1000 mu F) or a tantalum electrolytic capacitor (220 mu F or 100 mu F), so that the instant large-current follow current capacity of the power supply can be improved, and the withstand voltage value is larger than 1.5 times of the power supply voltage; a bypass capacitor with low ESR is arranged close to the module position, and high-frequency interference in the power supply is filtered; q1 selects an enhanced P-MOSFET, and selects a device with high withstand voltage, higher drain current and low direct current resistance; q2 selects NPN triode, perhaps NPN digital triode, can be when equipment dormancy mode work, cuts off the module power supply completely, effectively reduces whole work. Note that the R1/R2 parameter is taken into account, especially in view of the fact that the base-electrode turn-on voltage of the transistor will rise at low temperature, to ensure sufficient margin in design.

The N21 module supports the following power-on control modes including a key control module power-on, an MCU control module power-on and a power-on circuit, and in this embodiment, the MCU control module power-on mode is adopted.

As shown in FIG. 5, after VBAT is powered up, the PWRKEY_N pin is pulled low and held for more than 2s, which can trigger the module to power on. After the module is started, PWRKEY_N is pulled to a high level. After the start-up is successful, the STATUS lamp will light up to indicate that the initialization of the module is completed. The NB-IoT module does self-adaptive baud rate, the baud rate of the serial port of the module is not fixed, so that an instruction AT needs to be sent from the serial port, AT the moment, the serial port can automatically adapt to and output return code information such as "+ PBREADY" and the like based on the baud rate sent by the serial port, the serial port is normal, the AT instruction can operate, and the starting flow of the module is shown in the following chart.

In addition, in the programming, "+ PBREADY" output by the serial port can be used to detect whether the module is abnormally reset. According to the power-on time sequence requirement, an external main control MCU is recommended to be powered on first, and after the serial port of the MCU is initialized normally, the main power supply of the module is powered on. If the module is powered on first, some uncertain signals may be output in the process of initializing the serial port after the external main control MCU is powered on, so that the module responds wrongly.

The MCU control module is powered off through the PWRKEY_N pin, and when the PWRKEY_N pin inputs a low-level pulse exceeding 2.5s in the normal working state of the module, the module can be triggered to enter a power off process, and normally the power is completely powered off for about 3s, and at the moment, the main power supply is turned off.

And the logic time sequence relation of the power-on and power-on of the module is utilized to realize the low-power consumption design of the transmission line conductor galloping monitoring terminal. The process is that after the transmission line conductor galloping monitoring terminal is powered on, the wireless communication module is not powered on, namely PWR_EN is always low, and PWRKEY_N is always high. At this time, the acceleration sensor module is normally powered on. When the detected galloping data reaches a prescribed number or a set time has elapsed. And the MCU controls PWR_EN to be high and PWRKEY_N to be low according to the starting time sequence to finish starting, and then starts to communicate with a remote server to finish data remote transmission. And after the data transmission is completed, the port is controlled once according to the shutdown time sequence, and the shutdown is completed. The design ensures that the wireless communication module is enabled only when data transmission is needed, and is in a complete power-off state at ordinary times, so that the power consumption of the equipment is ensured to be as low as possible, and the purpose of low-power consumption design is achieved.

In this embodiment, the PCB design of the NB-IOT module requires that the power supply has an ESR capacitor placed at the output to suppress the spike current. The TVS tube is arranged at the power input end, voltage spike is restrained, and the rear-end device is protected. Circuit design is of natural importance, but device layout and routing are also important. The following points are most important in power supply design:

the TVS can absorb instantaneous high-power pulse, can bear an instantaneous pulse current peak value of tens or even hundreds of amperes, and has extremely short clamping response time. The TVS should be placed as close to the interface as possible to ensure that the surge voltage can be clamped before the pulse is coupled to the adjacent PCB conductor;

The bypass capacitor is required to be placed close to a power pin of the module, and high-frequency noise signals in the power supply are filtered;

In the module main power supply loop, the PCB wiring width is required to ensure that 1A current can safely pass, and no obvious loop voltage drop exists. The PCB wiring width is required to be at least 1mm, so that the ground plane of the power supply part is ensured to be as complete as possible. The power supply wiring is as short and thick as possible;

Noise sensitive circuits should be remote from power supply circuits, such as audio/radio frequency circuits, etc., and particular attention should be paid to the use of DC-DC power supplies; the GND pin and the bottom bonding pad of the chip are required to be grounded, so that good heat dissipation and noise isolation are ensured.

Because in this application, the NB-IoT module is transmitting data at regular time, the module is in a sleep power-off state at ordinary times, and only when data transmission is needed, the module is powered on by the MCU and is controlled to be powered on. The NB-IoT module has corresponding configuration software, and is connected with the motherboard after configuration is completed. And if the sensor acquisition data reach the set quantity or reach the set time, the module transmits the sensor acquisition information and the data stored in the transmission buffer zone to the cloud platform. First, during the data transmission, it is determined whether the NB-IoT is online or not, and the NB-IoT is forced to be offline beyond a certain time. If NB-IoT is online, the buffer data is sent to the cloud platform, at which point we can see clearly the real-time tilt data of the transmission line conductors where the various nodes are located. Otherwise, returning to the starting point, and repeating the process. After the data is sent to the cloud platform, the data is analyzed and stored, and if the trigger value set by people is exceeded, the mobile terminal notification and the computer terminal notification are carried out.

As shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, near field communication is an active RFID communication mode built by using a 2.4G network, and is built by combining a CC2500 wireless transceiver chip and an AT2401C radio frequency front end chip.

In the application, the RFID module is used for transmitting data in a near field and is also used as a tag identifier, so that the module broadcasts ID codes at regular time and is in a dormant power-off state at ordinary times, and the MCU is used for controlling data transmission only when the data is required to be transmitted. The RFID module broadcasts the ID code every 2 seconds and then goes into deep sleep to achieve a low power mode. When the RFID is required to communicate, the mobile terminal sends a communication request command, and when the RFID is activated to broadcast the ID code, the communication request is received, and then communication connection is established, so that command interaction is completed. After completion, the RFID module continues to enter a sleep mode and enters an ID broadcasting cycle.

Since in the present application the RFID module is near field transfer data. When the mobile terminal needs to communicate through the RFID, the mobile terminal scans the ID code broadcast by the digital monitoring terminal of the power transmission line, and when the digital monitoring terminal of the power transmission line is scanned and the RFID activates the broadcast ID code, a communication request is sent, and then communication connection is established to complete command interaction. And after the communication is completed, releasing the RFID communication channel, and recovering the timing broadcasting entity ID coding state by the transmission line digital monitoring terminal.

In this embodiment, in order to fully ensure the continuous power supply capability of the system, the system adopts a mode of combining a solar panel and a lithium battery to supply power to the system, and can charge the lithium battery and supply power to the system during daytime, and the lithium battery supplies power to the system during night, so as to ensure the self-sufficiency of the power of the system. The hardware design of the power module mainly comprises a solar battery, a solar battery charging management circuit and a DC-DC converter.

TP4065 is adopted in the charging management circuit, is a complete single-battery lithium battery charger, is a single chip with the protection of reverse connection of the anode and the cathode of a self-charging battery and the protection of reverse connection of the anode and the cathode of an input power supply, and is compatible with charging current of 3mA-600 mA. With trickle, constant current, constant voltage control, SOT23-5 packaging and a small number of external components make TP4065 an ideal choice for portable applications. TP4065 may be suitable for USB power and adapter power operation.

Because of the internal PMOSFET architecture, plus an anti-reverse-charge circuit, no external sense resistor and isolation diode are required. Thermal feedback may automatically adjust the charging current to limit the chip temperature during high power operation or high ambient temperature conditions. The charging current may be set externally through a resistor. When the battery reaches the preset voltage, the charging current is reduced to 1/10 of the set value, and the charging is automatically stopped by the TP 4065.

When the input voltage (ac adapter or USB power) is removed, TP4065 automatically enters a low current state with battery leakage below 1 μa. Other features of TP4065 include power adaptation, under-voltage lockout, automatic recharging, and two status pins for indicating end of charge and input voltage on.

In order to ensure reliable use under various conditions and prevent chip damage caused by peak and burr voltages, it is recommended that the VCC end and the BAT end in TP4065 application are respectively connected with a ceramic capacitor of 1 mu F-10 mu F and a ceramic capacitor of 0.1 mu F, and customers recommend larger ceramic capacitors of 4.7-10 mu F and 0.1 mu F under the charging use of high current 400mA and above. All the capacitor positions should be placed close to the chip pins and should not be too far.

In the embodiment, the main control chip adopts an STM32F103ZET6 chip based on a Cortex-M3 ARM core, and has the advantages of low power consumption, high performance, low cost and the like.

In this embodiment, the local mobile terminal includes a main control chip hardware design, an RFID communication module hardware design, a USB communication module, and a power supply module hardware design.

The main control chip adopted by the equipment is the STM32F103ZET6 chip based on Cortex-M3 ARM core, and has the advantages of low power consumption, high performance, low cost and the like.

Near field communication of the transmission line conductor galloping monitoring mobile terminal is the same as that of the transmission line digital monitoring terminal. The active RFID communication mode built by a 2.4G network is built by combining a CC2500 wireless transceiver chip and an AT2401C radio frequency front end chip.

The USB communication of the device adopts an AX88179 chip, which is the first USB 3.0-gigabit Ethernet controller in the world integrating a USB3.0 PHY and a 10/100/1000Mbps gigabit Ethernet MAC/PHY into a single chip. AX88179 is a latest complement to the ASIX USB-to-LAN product combination, which provides a small solution and plug-and-play availability enabling embedded system designers to provide gigabit ethernet connectivity while taking advantage of the growth and speed of USB3.0 ultra-high speed technology.

The USB interface of AX88179 conforms to the USB 3.0/2.0/1.1 specification, and the gigabit Ethernet MAC and PHY are compatible with IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3 u and IEEE802.3 ab protocols. The micro controller with the built-in USB Host interface is matched with AX88179, so that the gigabit Ethernet characteristic of a twisted pair can be increased. In addition, AX88179 only needs a single 25MHz clock to work properly. AX88179 supports many advanced features including IPv4/IPv6 packet checksum bearer engine, twisted pair cross-adaptation, TCP large packet transport bearer, IEEE802.3az ultra energy efficient Ethernet standard (EEE; ENERGY EFFICIENT ETHERNET) compliance, and the like. According to EEE, when there is no data traffic in the ethernet link, AX88179 enters a low-power mode, which can save unnecessary power consumption and make the energy more effectively utilized. The system can also support the green Ethernet GREEN ETHERNET in the gigabit mode, automatically detect the connection and use condition of the wired network, and adjust the output power to achieve the purpose of power saving. AX88179 also supports the function of remote Wake-on-LAN, and the system enters a low power state to Wake remotely by detecting network connection state changes, receiving magic packets, microsoft Wake-up packets and other events.

AX88179 can be used in any embedded system where a USB host microcontroller requires a twisted pair physical network connection. AX88179 communicates with a USB host controller using a USB interface (compliant with USB specifications v3.0, v2.0, and v 1.1), and also integrates on-chip gigabit ethernet MAC and PHY (compatible with IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3U, and IEEE802.3AB). In addition, AX88179 requires only a 25 mhz crystal to drive the USB and ethernet physical interfaces.

AX88179 provides a wide range of functions including IPv4/IPv6 checksum offload engines, cross-detection and auto-correction, TCP big send offload and ieee802.3az EEE (energy-efficient ethernet). EEE defines a mechanism that allows AX88179 to enter a low-power idle state to reduce power consumption and implement a more power efficient ethernet. It supports dynamic cable length detection and dynamic power adjustment green ethernet in gigabit mode. AX88179 also provides various power management wake-on-lan functions, including magic packets, microsoft wake-on frames, and link state changes, allowing the system to enter a low power state and wake-up the required network traffic.

The USB device controller integrates a USB 3.0PHY and a controller, is compatible with USB 3.0, 2.0 and 1.1 specifications, supports all USB 3.0 energy-saving modes (U0, U1, U2 and U3) to support a USB ultra-high speed/full speed mode, and the power supply driving capability supports a bus power supply mode and a self-power supply mode to ensure that the packet transmission rate on a USB bus is extremely high by utilizing a unique burst transmission mechanism.

The device is powered by USB, and USB voltage is converted by a dual-channel synchronous buck DC/DC converter RT8075 to power the device. RT8075 is a dual channel synchronous buck DC/DC converter with high efficiency Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). When the input range is 2.5V to 5.5V, the output current can reach 1A. RT8075 is applicable to portable electronic devices powered by a single lithium battery, such as mobile phones, PDAs, PC WLAN cards and palm-top devices. RT8075 provides three modes of operation, PWM mode, low voltage drop mode and shutdown mode. The internal low RDS (ON) synchronous rectifier reduces the conduction loss during PWM mode operation without the need for additional Schottky diodes in the actual design. RT8075 enters a low voltage drop mode when the upper P-MOSFET cannot be continuously turned on during PWM operation. When the EN pin is at low potential, the power-off mode is entered, and the consumption current is less than 0.1 mu A. Since the switching ripple can be designed by filtering with smaller packaged components operating at a constant frequency of 1.25MHz, RT8075 uses a package specification of WDFN-10l 3x 3.

Because the galloping monitoring terminal is arranged on the circuit wire, the problem of data acquisition becomes a difficult point, and the real-time requirement and the micro-power consumption requirement are met. The real-time acquisition and timing uploading working mode can be adopted in practical application. In order to reduce the network communication load, it is necessary to locally pre-judge the collected data, and only the changed data is uploaded to the master station.

The device uses the narrowband internet of things (Narrow Band Internet of Things, NB-IoT) to rapidly upload the acquired data to the background server, and the transmission channel is efficient and reliable due to the advantages of low power, high efficiency and long distance, so that the device is a key link of acquisition, transmission and processing and has high importance. The theory can integrate 5 ten thousand acquisition points in a single communication unit, and the wireless cellular network is particularly suitable for the wire distribution of the long-distance wide-area transmission line.

The low power consumption is an important index of the application of the Internet of things, and particularly for equipment and application scenes in which batteries cannot be replaced frequently. NB-IoT focuses on small data volume, low rate applications, terminal device endurance needs to be greatly increased from the last months to at least ten years. The low power consumption technology adopted in the NB-IoT network has important effects on the long service life of the terminal, whether efficient connection can be achieved, whether interference can be effectively reduced, and the like. The NB-IoT low-power consumption technical research and the adjustment of the network related parameter settings in different scenes have very positive significance for the popularization of NB-IoT business and the optimization of the network.

In a default state, three working states exist, the three states can be switched according to different configuration parameters, the three states influence the characteristics of the NB-IoT deeply, such as micro-power consumption characteristics of the NB-IoT compared with traditional GPRS, explanation can be obtained from the three states, and meanwhile, when the NB-IoT is used and related programs are designed in a subsequent mode, the three working states are required to be properly customized according to development requirements and product characteristics.

(1) Connected (Connected):

The module is in the state after logging in the network, can send and receive data, can enter Idle mode after no data interaction exceeds a period of time, and the time is configurable.

(2) Idle (Idle state):

The data can be received and transmitted, and the downlink data can enter a Connected state, and the PSM mode can be entered when no data interaction exceeds a period of time, so that the time is configurable.

(3) PSM (power save mode):

In this mode, the terminal turns off the transceiver and does not monitor the paging of the wireless side, so that the signaling is not reachable, downlink data cannot be received, and the power is small although the terminal is still registered in the network. The duration is configured by the core network (T3412) and the Connected state is entered when there is uplink data to be transmitted or when the TAU period ends. In the operating state shown in fig. 4.Psm (Power Save Mode), the average current is only 6.7uA, and the Power consumption is very low.

According to the characteristics of the business of the Internet of things, the NB-IoT chip and the signaling integrally adopt a design mode with low power consumption and low cost. For example, a 180kHz narrow-band system is adopted, so that the complexity of a base band is reduced, and the working current is reduced; the protocol stack is simplified, the FLASH/RAM in the chip is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced; the half duplex mode is adopted, so that the cost is low and the energy consumption of the battery is reduced compared with elements required by full duplex; only supporting the mobility management of cell selection and reselection, simplifying the air interface signaling and effectively reducing the power consumption of single transmission; based on control and access of coverage level, single transmission time is reduced, and power consumption is reduced. The NB-IoT most dominant power saving technique consists of three aspects:

(1) PSM (Power Saving Mode );

(2) eDRX (extended Discontinuous Reception );

(3) The long period TAU/RAU (tracking area update/routing area update) reduces the number of times the terminal sends a location update.

The principles of the two low power technologies PSM and eDRX, and their impact on traffic and networks, will be discussed in detail below.

1. PSM technology

The basic principle of PSM is to allow a terminal to turn off the functions related to the transmission and reception of signals and AS (access stratum) after entering an idle state for a period of time, so AS to reduce the power consumption overhead of antenna, radio frequency and signaling processing. The PSM mode is similar to shutdown, but the terminal is still registered on the Network, and the terminal does not need to restart Attach, reconnect or establish a connection to a packet Network (PDN) of PACKET DATA, until the terminal needs to transmit data to the outside again or reaches a TAU period, and then returns to the connected state.

The terminal in PSM mode cannot be immediately paged, and the services such as data and short message cannot be executed. Only when the TAU period timer (T3412) expires, or the terminal initiates active exit of the service, the terminal exits the PSM mode to enter the connected state to process the uplink and downlink services. After the terminal processes the data, the RRC connection is released, the idle mode is returned, and a Timer ACTIVE TIMER is started (T3324), and after the Timer expires, the UE enters PSM mode. The power consumption of the terminal in the PSM mode is 1/200 of that in the normal idle state. Fig. 1 is a terminal mode transition condition.

During an access or monitoring location update procedure, whether the PSM mode can be used by the network is determined by the T3324 timer and can only be used if T3324 is not set to "deactivated". The terminal may apply for using PSM mode in Attach or TAU procedure, and enter PSM state after the terminal has allocated an active T3324 timer and the timer times out, receiving "Extended wait time" (extended waiting period) from lower layers. Entering PSM state, all NAS timers are stopped and the relevant process is abandoned except for the backoff timers T3412, T3346, T3396, etc. and the timer for higher level PLMNs periodic search.

The terminal cannot use PSM in the following cases:

(1) During the process of accessing the emergency bearer service;

(2) Upon triggering a PDN connection for an emergency bearer service, and this connection type is not set to "EPS emergency connection";

(3) When the terminal is triggering or has established a PDN connection for an emergency bearer service during tracking location area updates.

2. EDRX technical study

DRX (Discontinuous Reception ) is a new technology introduced by 3gpp R1. In the prior art, a discontinuous reception technology of DRX exists in a 2G system, a terminal does not need to continuously transmit, and a transceiver is closed during the period of no transmission so as to achieve the purpose of saving power.

In order to reduce the power consumption of the terminal, three DRX scenes, namely IDLE DRX, CONNECT DRX and INACTIVE TIMER, are designed, and the DRX mechanisms in the three scenes are analyzed.

(1)IDLE DRX

The terminal in IDLE mode can monitor paging message by DRX mode, and only monitor whether the PDCCH carries P-RNTI at paging moment on corresponding paging radio frame in a period of DRX to judge whether the corresponding PHICH carries paging message. If the PDCCH carries the P-RNTI, receiving data on a PDSCH physical channel according to PDSCH parameters indicated on the PDCCH; if the terminal does not analyze the P-RNTI on the PDCCH, the terminal does not need to receive the PDSCH physical channel any more, and enters dormancy according to the DRX period. The longer the DRX Cycle period, the more power-saving the terminal is, e.g., setting the DRX Cycle to 1 280ms increases the idle state standby time of the terminal by nearly 40% over 320 ms.

(2)CONNECT DRX

The CONNECT DRX is DRX in a connected state, which is mainly applied to data traffic, and a connected state terminal is divided into an active period (On Duration) and a sleep period (Long DRX Cycle) On a time axis. A typical DRX cycle is shown in fig. 2, and the indication "On Duration" is the time when the terminal monitors the downlink PDCCH subframe, when the terminal is in an awake state. In fig. 2, the time of Long Drx Cycle minus On Duration Timer is the Drx sleep time, when the terminal goes to sleep, and does not monitor the PDCCH subframe. The longer the DRX sleep time, the lower the power consumption of the terminal, but the traffic transmission delay will increase.

(3)INACTIVE TIMER

In an actual network, a relatively large data may not be transmitted yet, and the data transmission is stopped due to On Duration Timer due to expiration, and the data transmission cannot be continued until the next Long Drx Cycle begins, which may cause a great increase in transmission delay. In order to reduce the data transmission delay, a DRX-InactivityTimer is added in the DRX mechanism.

The drx-InactivityTimer parameter indicates how many PDCCH subframes need to be monitored continuously after the terminal successfully decodes one downlink PDCCH. The number of PDCCH subframes is also taken as a basic unit, for example psf80 indicates that the terminal needs to monitor 80 downlink PDCCH subframes continuously to enter a sleep state. The timer is started when a new uplink or downlink transmission is indicated in the PDCCH subframe, and stopped when Go-To-Sleep CE is received. If drx-InactivityTimer is running, the terminal still needs to continue listening to the downlink PDCCH subframes even if On Duration Timer expires until drx-InactivityTimer times out.

The eDRX is an enhancement to the original DRX technology, and the supported paging cycle can be longer, so that the terminal saves more power and has longer service life. In NB-IoT networks, the method is mainly applied to discontinuous transmission scenes in idle state. The parameter setting "eDRX-Allowed" in the network indicates whether eDRX mode is on in the cell. The paging cycle of eDRX is specified by the network side in Attach and TAU messages, which can be 5s, 12s, … …, up to 2.621.44 s. The network allows a maximum of 4 eDRX paging cycle combinations, i.e., (2621.44 x 4/60)/60=2.91 hours. As shown in fig. 3, the eDRX time interval becomes longer than the DRX paging cycle configuration of 1.28s, 2.56s, etc., and the power consumption can be greatly reduced. The power consumption in the eDRX mode is 1/16 of that in the normal DRX mode.

3. Correlation of PSM and eDRX

The network side informs the terminal to use both the PSM and eDRX techniques, one of them is used, neither technique is used, and the use period of both techniques is determined by the network side. According to the study of two techniques:

(1) In PSM state, the terminal is in sleep state most of the time, so the terminal can keep extremely low power consumption, and the terminal can initiate access flow after waking up.

(2) In the eDRX state, the terminal wakes up periodically, and the eDRX period has a length of a fraction, and in the time window, the core network can issue paging information through the base station, and the terminal can initiate access in response to the paging information.

The main difference between PSM and eDRX is the length of time that the device is allowed to reside in some powered off mode, and the switching flow from sleep mode to receive mode, both of which sacrifice network traffic real-time requirements. PSM power saving effect is better but business real-time performance is poor, eDRX power saving effect is poor but business real-time performance is better, so PSM and eDRX have the necessary. Different technologies are adopted aiming at different scenes, and eDRX is suitable for service scenes with higher real-time requirements, such as remote control types; and PSM is more suitable for service scenes with lower real-time requirements, such as intelligent meter reading service.

4. Discussion of Power parameter configuration for different application scenarios

The internet of things has a much different connection requirement than a traditional cellular network. In various application scenarios, the requirements for communication frequency, communication instantaneity, standby time of a terminal, coverage degree, and the like are different, so that the adopted low-power consumption technology is also different. A typical scenario is selected from the communication real-time requirement to analyze whether PSM or eDRX is needed to achieve the purpose of power saving.

(1) Application scene with low real-time requirement, long standby time and long terminal service life requirement

Meter reading is a typical business for this scenario. The most important scene of meter reading Internet of things application is no external power supply, and the communication frequency is extremely low, such as meter reading business of water meters, electric meters, gas meters and the like, and the data reporting frequency is in the level of once in x hours or even once in x days. Considering that meter reading business is usually related to house construction, the position is fixed and is difficult to replace, the requirement on power consumption is extremely high (the replacement period of the meter is usually 5-10 years), and the service life of the terminal is required to be at least 10 years. In order to prolong the service life of the terminal, the purpose of saving electricity is achieved by reducing the communication frequency. For this scenario, it is proposed to activate both PSM and eDRX functions simultaneously.

(2) Sudden application scene with high real-time requirement

The scenes with high requirements on communication instantaneity comprise a remote control type scene, a tracking type scene and the like.

Remote control services such as lamp posts, smart home, unlocking/bell searching in a motorcycle, and the like; tracking type services such as pet tracking, child watch tracking, etc. The scene is characterized in that an external power supply is generally arranged or the charging can be conveniently carried out (for example, once every 2 weeks), and the randomness of the communication is very high due to the characteristics of the service, so that the real-time requirement is relatively high. For such scenarios, it is suggested to use eDRX functionality instead of PSM functionality, either to ensure continuity of tracking procedure communications or to save power through discontinuous reception when idle. For services (within 20 s-30 s) with very high real-time requirements such as unlocking in a mole bicycle, it is recommended that when the eDRX function is used, the period configuration is short or the eDRX function is abandoned and only the DRX function is used, so that normal operation of the services and use experience of users are ensured.

(3) Discussion of other application scenarios

For some traffic scenarios, for example, the terminal may receive very low frequency (e.g., one day) messages from the network at random, but require a response to be given in a very short time (e.g., within 5 minutes). The real-time requirement of the scene on the response of the terminal is high, if a PSM function is adopted, the operations of exiting from the PSM to the IDLE mode, carrying out TAU or residing in the IDLE mode and the like must be executed at intervals of 5 minutes; if eDRX function is adopted, the terminal only needs to enter the active receiving mode every 5 minutes. In comparison, in this scenario, the signaling overhead generated by eDRX is smaller, and the effect of saving power can be achieved, so that only the eDRX function should be selected to be activated. The PSM functionality is most appropriate for scenarios where the network issues messages very infrequently (e.g., once per day), the time of transmission is fixed (e.g., 10 am transmissions) and no communication is required at other times.

The difference between PSM and eDRX is mainly in terms of communication real-time requirements, how to most efficiently utilize these techniques so that the power saving effect is optimized. The communication behavior characteristics and client perception requirements under different service scenes are needed to be deeply understood, and the most effective mode for the current service can be selected to achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life of the terminal.

(4) Other factors affecting the power consumption of the terminal

The coverage enhancement function is introduced into the NB-IoT network, and the method is suitable for applications with high requirements on deep coverage, such as factories, underground garages and well covers. The key technologies for achieving strong coverage capability are narrowband, retransmission, and low frequency, where retransmission is a redundant transmission. NB-IoT supports a greater number of retransmissions than traditional approaches. The rate is halved for every double the number of retransmissions, and a gain of 3dB is achieved. The maximum number of uplink retransmissions is defined in the standard as up to 128 times, but the maximum number of uplink retransmissions is generally limited to 16 times in consideration of the rate and the cell capacity in the edge scene, and the maximum number of uplink retransmissions corresponds to a gain of 9dB, which is actually about 3dB lower than the theoretical value. Multiple transmissions of the same data necessarily takes longer, eventually increasing overall power consumption and affecting battery life. Therefore, designing the retransmission times parameter setting in the coverage enhancement application according to the service scene and the actual network situation is also very important for prolonging the service life of the battery

Example two

The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a micro-power consumption remote transmission method for power transmission line galloping data acquisition, which includes:

Example III

It is an object of the present embodiment to provide a computing device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which processor implements the steps of the method described above when executing the program.

Example IV

An object of the present embodiment is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the above method.

The devices of the second, third and fourth embodiments correspond to the first embodiment, and the detailed description of the devices of the first embodiment will be referred to in the relevant description section of the first embodiment. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media including one or more sets of instructions; it should also be understood to include any medium capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor and that cause the processor to perform any one of the methods of the present invention.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the invention described above may be implemented by general-purpose computer means, alternatively they may be implemented by program code executable by computing means, whereby they may be stored in storage means for execution by computing means, or they may be made into individual integrated circuit modules separately, or a plurality of modules or steps in them may be made into a single integrated circuit module. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power remote transmission system for collecting data on power transmission line dancing, characterized by comprising:

Acceleration and angular velocity sensors are used to collect the dancing data of the transmission line and send it to the main control unit;

The main control unit is used to receive the dancing data collected by the acceleration and angular velocity sensors in real time, and fuse the collected acceleration dancing data and angular velocity dancing data to form monitoring data based on the Karl filter method;

NB-IOT module, used to upload the monitoring data of the main control unit to the cloud;

The RFID module is used to transmit the monitoring data of the main control unit to the local mobile terminal.

2. A transmission line dancing data collection micro-power consumption remote transmission system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in the main control unit, the collected acceleration dancing data and angular velocity dancing data are fused to form monitoring data based on the Karl filter method, specifically:

Predicting current angle dance data based on the angle dance data of the transmission line acquired at the last moment;

Based on the currently predicted angle dance data combined with the system noise, the covariance matrix is predicted;

The Kalman gain is calculated based on the predicted covariance matrix and the noise of the angle measurement;

Calculate the current best estimate based on the calculated Kalman gain and the measured value of acceleration;

The covariance matrix is updated according to the current optimal estimate until the fused monitoring data is obtained.

3. A transmission line dancing data collection micro-power remote transmission system as described in claim 1, characterized in that if the data collected by the acceleration and angular velocity sensors reaches a set number or reaches a set time, it is determined whether the NB-IOT module is online. If the NB-IOT module is online, the data in the main control unit buffer is sent to the cloud platform.

4. A transmission line dancing data collection micro-power consumption remote transmission system as described in claim 1, characterized in that if RFID module communication is required, the RFID module ID code is activated and broadcast to establish a communication connection and complete the command interaction; when the communication is completed, the RFID communication channel is released and the timed broadcast of the physical ID code state is restored.

5. A power transmission line dancing data collection and low-power remote transmission system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the acceleration and angular velocity sensors communicate bidirectionally with the main control unit by accessing the IIC bus communication method.

6. A transmission line galloping data collection micro-power remote transmission system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the parameters characterizing the transmission line galloping include amplitude, frequency and acceleration.

7. A transmission line dancing data collection and low-power remote transmission system as described in claim 1, characterized in that it also includes a power module, the power module is connected to the main control unit, and the power module supplies power to the main control unit.

8. A method for collecting and transmitting micro-power consumption data of power transmission line dancing, characterized by comprising:

Obtain acceleration and angle dancing data of the transmission line;

The acceleration dancing data and angular velocity dancing data are fused to form monitoring data using the Karl filtering method;

The monitoring data is remotely transmitted based on NB-IoT communication, and is locally transmitted based on RFID communication.

9. A computer device, characterized in that it comprises: a processor, a memory and a bus, wherein the memory stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, and when the computer device is running, the processor and the memory communicate through the bus, and when the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor, a micro-power consumption remote transmission method for collecting power line dancing data is performed as described in claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for collecting micro-power consumption remote transmission of power line dancing data as claimed in claim 8 is executed.