CN118771651A - A sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sedimentation and separation device for sewage treatment, comprising a sewage treatment cylinder, one side of which is fixedly provided with an external pipe, a sedimentation and clearing assembly is installed inside the sewage treatment cylinder, and the sedimentation and clearing assembly comprises a bottom plate arranged inside the sewage treatment cylinder, the bottom wall of the bottom plate contacts the inner bottom wall of the sewage treatment cylinder, the outer wall of the bottom plate is tightly attached to the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder, a first vertical rod is coaxially fixedly installed on the top of the bottom plate, and a horizontal plate is fixedly installed on the top of the first vertical rod; in the present invention, during operation, after the top of the bottom plate is used for sedimentation, the second screw is rotated to make the movable ring move downward, and filter holes are evenly opened on the filter plate inside the movable ring, in the process of the movable ring moving downward until it reaches the top of the sediment, water below the filter plate is discharged to the top of the filter plate through the filter holes, while the sediment cannot pass through the filter holes, and when the bottom plate moves upward, the sediment between the bottom plate and the filter plate is brought out, so as to facilitate the sedimentation and separation in the sewage.

Description

A sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and in particular relates to a sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment.

Background Art

According to the patent document with the authorization announcement number "CN211871642U" and the invention name "A sewage coagulation sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment", the specification states: By setting the bottom of the mixing box in a funnel shape, it is possible to prevent wastewater and colloidal debris from being deposited at the bottom of the mixing box. By setting a sliding filter screen, the colloidal debris filtered on the screen can be cleaned at any time, which is more convenient and quick. When the sewage is left to stand, the sediment is deposited below the water. When filtering, the sediment falls onto the filter screen before the water, which may cause the filter screen to be blocked. Thereby affecting the subsequent separation effect of water and precipitation, and according to the patent document with application publication number "CN117623536A" and invention name "a method for treating copper sulfate production wastewater", its specification states: push the metal mesh plate 2 18 (equivalent to the filter plate 403 of the present application) downward to press the precipitate in the copper sulfate wastewater downward, and Cu2+ flows to the upper end of the metal mesh plate 1 along with the supernatant through the small holes on the metal mesh plate 1 and the metal mesh plate 2, and is filtered by moving the filter screen downward to avoid clogging the filter screen, but there are still the following defects:

Since filtering is performed by moving the filter mesh downward in the filtration equipment, more moving space is required under the filter mesh, making it difficult to set up stirring aeration equipment and the like under the filter mesh. In the absence of stirring aeration equipment, the reaction rate between sewage and flocculant is slow during the sewage treatment process, affecting the sewage treatment efficiency.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment, which effectively solves the problem that it is difficult to set up a stirring aeration device below when the filter screen moves downward for filtering.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment, comprising a sewage treatment cylinder, one side of which is fixedly mounted with an external pipeline, and a sedimentation removal component is installed inside the sewage treatment cylinder;

The sedimentation and clearing assembly includes a bottom plate arranged inside the sewage treatment cylinder, the bottom wall of the bottom plate contacts the inner bottom wall of the sewage treatment cylinder, the outer wall of the bottom plate is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder, a first vertical rod is coaxially fixedly installed on the top of the bottom plate, a horizontal plate is fixedly installed on the top of the first vertical rod, the horizontal plate is connected to a first lifting mechanism, the height of the horizontal plate is adjusted by the first lifting mechanism, and a solid-liquid separation assembly is installed on the first vertical rod;

The solid-liquid separation component includes a movable ring arranged inside the sewage treatment cylinder, an annular groove is provided on the inner side of the movable ring, a filter plate is provided on the inner side of the movable ring, the edge of the filter plate is located inside the annular groove, the filter plate can rotate inside the movable ring, filter holes are evenly provided on the filter plate, the movable ring is connected to a second lifting mechanism, the height of the movable ring is adjusted by the second lifting mechanism, and a sewage sedimentation component is installed on the filter plate;

The sewage sedimentation component includes a plate groove opened at an equal angle on the filter plate, a stirring plate is inserted into the plate groove, the bottom end of the stirring plate contacts the top wall of the bottom plate, a top block is fixedly installed on the top of the stirring plate, the bottom wall of the top block contacts the top wall of the filter plate, and an air intake aeration mechanism is installed on the stirring plate.

Preferably, the first lifting mechanism includes a second vertical rod fixedly installed at the bottom end of the horizontal plate, a sliding block is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the second vertical rod, the second vertical rod is located on the side of the sewage treatment cylinder away from the external pipe, a sliding box is provided on the side of the second vertical rod away from the sewage treatment cylinder, the sliding box is fixedly installed on the ground, a sliding groove is provided on the sliding box, and the sliding block is slidably installed inside the sliding groove.

Preferably, a first screw is rotatably installed inside the slide groove, the first screw is threadedly connected to the slider, the top end of the first screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor, and the first motor is fixedly installed on the top end of the sliding box.

Preferably, the movable ring is located above the external pipe, and the outer wall of the movable ring is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment barrel.

Preferably, the second lifting mechanism includes a screw barrel installed on the annular groove, the screw barrel is located on a side of the first vertical rod close to the second vertical rod, the internal thread of the screw barrel is installed with the second screw, the top of the second screw is fixedly installed with a limit rotating rod, the limit rotating rod is rotatably installed on the horizontal plate, the top of the limit rotating rod is fixedly installed with a first gear, one side of the first gear is meshed with the second gear, the second gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor, and the second motor is fixedly installed on the horizontal plate.

Preferably, a limit rotation block is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the second screw rod, and the limit rotation block is rotatably installed inside a limit rotation groove, and the limit rotation groove is provided on the bottom plate.

Preferably, the air intake aeration mechanism includes a rotating sleeve arranged above the filter plate, the rotating sleeve is arranged on the outside of the first vertical rod, two limit plates are installed on the first vertical rod, the two limit plates are respectively in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the rotating sleeve, a gear ring is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve, one side of the gear ring is meshed with a third gear, the third gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor, and the third motor is fixedly installed on the horizontal plate.

Preferably, an annular air inlet groove is opened inside the rotating sleeve, and the top of the annular air inlet groove extends to the top of the rotating sleeve. Fan blades are installed at equal angles on the inner wall of the annular air inlet groove, and the fan blades are inclined. Connecting pipes are installed at equal angles on the outer side of the rotating sleeve, and the connecting pipes correspond to the stirring plates one by one.

Preferably, one end of the connecting pipe is connected to the annular air inlet groove, one end of the connecting pipe is located below the fan blade, the other end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the top block, a ventilation groove is provided inside the stirring plate, the top of the ventilation groove is connected to the connecting pipe, an air cavity is provided inside the bottom end of the stirring plate, the air cavity is connected to the ventilation groove, air holes are evenly provided on the outside of the air cavity, and the air holes penetrate to the outside of the stirring plate.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) During operation, after the top of the bottom plate is used for sedimentation, the second screw is rotated to move the movable ring downward, and filter holes are evenly opened on the filter plate inside the movable ring. When the movable ring moves downward until it reaches the top of the sedimentation, the water below the filter plate is discharged to the top of the filter plate through the filter holes, while the sediment cannot pass through the filter holes. When the bottom plate moves upward, the sediment between the bottom plate and the filter plate is taken out, which is convenient for sedimentation and separation in sewage. At the same time, a stirring structure and an aeration structure can be set under the filter plate to facilitate the sedimentation of sludge in sewage;

2) During operation, the outer wall of the bottom plate is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment barrel, so that the sewage enters the sewage treatment barrel through the external pipe and stays above the bottom plate. At the same time, the outer wall of the movable ring is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment barrel. When the bottom plate and the movable ring move upward at the same time, the water separated from the sewage is discharged from the external pipe, which facilitates the separation of sediment and water in the sewage;

3) During operation, the stirring plate is inserted into the plate groove on the filter plate, and the rotating sleeve is fixedly connected to each stirring plate through a connecting pipe. At the same time, the filter plate is rotatably connected to the movable ring. During the rotation of the rotating sleeve, the filter plate is driven to rotate continuously. Since the bottom of the stirring plate is in the sewage, the sewage can be stirred, thereby increasing the contact probability between impurities in the sewage and the flocculant and improving the sedimentation speed;

4) During operation, the two ends of the connecting pipe are connected to the air cavity and the annular air inlet groove respectively, and the fan blades drive the outside air to continuously enter the annular air inlet groove. The air enters the air cavity through the connecting pipe and the ventilation groove, and is discharged from the air hole to the sewage for aeration, further increasing the contact probability between impurities in the sewage and the flocculant, and improving the sedimentation speed;

5) During operation, the stirring plate is continuously rotated, and the air holes are evenly arranged at the bottom of the stirring plate. When air continuously enters the sewage through the air holes, the continuous rotation of the stirring plate drives the air outlet position in the sewage to change continuously, so that the range of bubbles in the sewage is wider, and the aeration range is further expanded, thereby increasing the contact probability between impurities in the sewage and the flocculant and increasing the sedimentation rate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

In the attached picture:

FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment according to the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sediment removal assembly of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solid-liquid separation assembly of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the filter plate structure of the present invention;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the first vertical rod structure of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sewage sedimentation component of the present invention.

In the figure: 1, sewage treatment cylinder; 2, external pipeline; 3, sedimentation and cleaning assembly; 301, bottom plate; 302, first vertical rod; 303, horizontal plate; 304, second vertical rod; 305, slider; 306, sliding box; 307, slide; 308, first screw; 309, first motor; 4, solid-liquid separation assembly; 401, movable ring; 402, annular groove; 403, filter plate; 404, filter hole; 405, screw barrel; 406, second screw; 407, limit rotating rod; 4 08, first gear; 409, second gear; 410, second motor; 411, limit rotating block; 412, limit rotating slot; 5, sewage sedimentation assembly; 501, plate slot; 502, stirring plate; 503, top block; 504, rotating sleeve; 505, gear ring; 506, third gear; 507, third motor; 508, limit plate; 509, connecting pipe; 510, annular air inlet slot; 511, fan blade; 512, air cavity; 513, air hole; 514, ventilation slot.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Embodiment 1, as shown in FIGS. 1-6 , the present invention relates to a sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment, comprising a sewage treatment cylinder 1 , an external pipe 2 is fixedly installed on one side of the sewage treatment cylinder 1 , and a sedimentation removal component 3 is installed inside the sewage treatment cylinder 1 ;

The sedimentation and clearing component 3 includes a bottom plate 301 arranged inside the sewage treatment cylinder 1, the bottom wall of the bottom plate 301 contacts the inner bottom wall of the sewage treatment cylinder 1, the outer wall of the bottom plate 301 is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder 1, the top of the bottom plate 301 is coaxially fixedly installed with a first vertical rod 302, the top of the first vertical rod 302 is fixedly installed with a horizontal plate 303, the first vertical rod 302 is installed with a solid-liquid separation component 4, the bottom end of the horizontal plate 303 is fixedly installed with a second vertical rod 304, the bottom end of the second vertical rod 304 is fixedly installed with a slider 305, and the second vertical rod 304 is fixedly installed with a slider 306. On the side of the sewage treatment cylinder 1 away from the external pipe 2, a sliding box 306 is provided on the side of the second vertical rod 304 away from the sewage treatment cylinder 1. The sliding box 306 is fixedly installed on the ground. A sliding groove 307 is opened on the sliding box 306. The slider 305 is slidably installed inside the sliding groove 307. A first screw rod 308 is rotatably installed inside the sliding groove 307. The first screw rod 308 is threadedly connected to the slider 305. The top end of the first screw rod 308 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 309. The first motor 309 is fixedly installed on the top end of the sliding box 306.

The solid-liquid separation component 4 includes a movable ring 401 arranged inside the sewage treatment cylinder 1, the movable ring 401 is located above the external pipe 2, the outer wall of the movable ring 401 is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder 1, an annular groove 402 is provided on the inner side of the movable ring 401, a filter plate 403 is provided on the inner side of the movable ring 401, the edge of the filter plate 403 is located inside the annular groove 402, the filter plate 403 can rotate inside the movable ring 401, filter holes 404 are evenly provided on the filter plate 403, a sewage sedimentation component 5 is installed on the filter plate 403, and a filter plate 403 is installed on the annular groove 402. There is a screw barrel 405, which is located on the side of the first vertical rod 302 close to the second vertical rod 304. The internal thread of the screw barrel 405 is installed with a second screw rod 406. The top of the second screw rod 406 is fixedly installed with a limit rotating rod 407. The limit rotating rod 407 is rotatably installed on the horizontal plate 303. The top of the limit rotating rod 407 is fixedly installed with a first gear 408. One side of the first gear 408 is meshed and connected with a second gear 409. The second gear 409 is coaxially fixedly connected with the output shaft of the second motor 410. The second motor 410 is fixedly installed on the horizontal plate 303. On the plate 303, a limited rotation block 411 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the second screw 406, and the limited rotation block 411 is rotatably installed inside the limited rotation groove 412. The limited rotation groove 412 is opened on the bottom plate 301. After the top of the bottom plate 301 is used for sedimentation, the second screw 406 rotates to move the movable ring 401 downward, and the filter plate 403 inside the movable ring 401 is evenly provided with filter holes 404. When the movable ring 401 moves downward until it reaches the top of the sedimentation, the water below the filter plate 403 is discharged to the top of the filter plate 403 through the filter holes 404, and The sediment cannot pass through the filter hole 404. When the bottom plate 301 moves upward, the sediment between the bottom plate 301 and the filter plate 403 is brought out, which is convenient for separating the sediment in the sewage. The outer wall of the bottom plate 301 is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder 1, so that the sewage enters the sewage treatment cylinder 1 through the external pipe 2 and stays above the bottom plate 301. At the same time, the outer wall of the movable ring 401 is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder 1. When the bottom plate 301 and the movable ring 401 move upward at the same time, the water separated from the sewage is discharged from the external pipe 2, which is convenient for separating the sediment from the water in the sewage.

The sewage sedimentation component 5 includes a plate groove 501 opened at an equal angle on the filter plate 403, a stirring plate 502 is inserted into the plate groove 501, the bottom end of the stirring plate 502 contacts the top wall of the bottom plate 301, a top block 503 is fixedly installed on the top of the stirring plate 502, the bottom wall of the top block 503 contacts the top wall of the filter plate 403, a rotating sleeve 504 is provided above the filter plate 403, the rotating sleeve 504 is sleeved on the outer side of the first vertical rod 302, two limit plates 508 are installed on the first vertical rod 302, the two limit plates 508 are respectively in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the rotating sleeve 504, and a gear ring 505 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve 504. A third gear 506 is meshedly connected to one side of 505, and the third gear 506 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor 507. The third motor 507 is fixedly installed on the horizontal plate 303. An annular air inlet groove 510 is provided inside the rotating sleeve 504. The top of the annular air inlet groove 510 penetrates to the top of the rotating sleeve 504. Fan blades 511 are installed at equal angles on the inner wall of the annular air inlet groove 510. The fan blades 511 are inclined. A connecting pipe 509 is installed at equal angles on the outer side of the rotating sleeve 504. The connecting pipe 509 corresponds to the stirring plate 502 one by one. One end of the connecting pipe 509 is connected to the annular air inlet groove 510, and one end of the connecting pipe 509 is located at the fan Below the blade 511, the other end of the connecting pipe 509 is fixedly connected to the top block 503, a ventilation groove 514 is provided inside the stirring plate 502, and the top of the ventilation groove 514 is connected to the connecting pipe 509, and an air cavity 512 is provided inside the bottom end of the stirring plate 502, and the air cavity 512 is connected to the ventilation groove 514, and air holes 513 are evenly provided on the outside of the air cavity 512, and the air holes 513 penetrate to the outside of the stirring plate 502, and the stirring plate 502 is inserted into the plate groove 501 on the filter plate 403, and the rotating sleeve 504 is fixedly connected to each stirring plate 502 through the connecting pipe 509, and the filter plate 403 is rotatably connected to the movable ring 401, and the rotating sleeve 504 is fixedly connected to each stirring plate 502 through the connecting pipe 509, and the filter plate 403 is rotatably connected to the movable ring 401, and the rotating sleeve 504 is fixedly connected to each stirring plate 502 through the connecting pipe 509, and the filter plate 403 is rotatably connected to the movable ring 401, and the rotating sleeve 504 is fixedly connected to the top block 503, and the top block 503 ... During the rotation of the movable sleeve 504, the filter plate 403 is driven to rotate continuously. Since the bottom of the stirring plate 502 is in the sewage, the sewage can be stirred, the contact probability between impurities in the sewage and the flocculant is increased, and the sedimentation rate is increased. The two ends of the connecting pipe 509 are respectively connected to the air cavity 512 and the annular air inlet groove 510. During the rotation of the rotating sleeve 504, the fan blades 511 drive the outside air to continuously enter the annular air inlet groove 510. The air enters the air cavity 512 through the connecting pipe 509 and the ventilation groove 514, and is discharged from the air hole 513 to the sewage for aeration, thereby further increasing the contact probability between impurities in the sewage and the flocculant and increasing the sedimentation rate.

Working principle: When working, firstly, the sewage is passed from the external pipe 2 into the sewage treatment cylinder 1. Since the bottom wall of the bottom plate 301 is in contact with the inner bottom wall of the sewage treatment cylinder 1, the outer wall of the bottom plate 301 is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder 1, so that the sewage is located above the bottom plate 301 after entering the sewage treatment cylinder 1. Then, flocculants are added into the sewage through the external pipe 2, and the sewage liquid level should be lower than the external pipe 2.

Then, the third motor 507 is turned on to rotate the third gear 506. Since the third gear 506 is meshed with the toothed ring 505 on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve 504, the rotating sleeve 504 is driven to rotate. The rotating sleeve 504 is fixedly connected to the stirring plate 502 through the connecting pipe 509. The stirring plate 502 is inserted into the plate groove 501 on the filter plate 403. At the same time, the filter plate 403 is rotatably installed on the inner side of the movable ring 401. When the rotating sleeve 504 rotates, the filter plate 403 and each stirring plate 502 are driven to rotate, thereby increasing the contact probability between impurities in the sewage and the flocculant and improving the sedimentation speed.

Since both ends of the connecting pipe 509 are connected to the air cavity 512 and the annular air inlet groove 510 respectively, and the inner wall of the annular air inlet groove 510 is provided with inclined blades 511 at equal angles, during the rotation of the rotating sleeve 504, the fan blades 511 drive the outside air to continuously enter the annular air inlet groove 510, and the air enters the air cavity 512 through the connecting pipe 509 and the ventilation groove 514, and is discharged from the air hole 513 to the sewage for aeration, thereby further increasing the contact probability between impurities in the sewage and the flocculant, and improving the sedimentation speed;

The third motor 507 is turned on for a period of time and then turned off. After the sewage is left to stand for a period of time, the sediment is slowly deposited on the bottom plate 301. Then, the second motor 410 is turned on to rotate the second gear 409. Since the second gear 409 is meshed with the first gear 408, the second screw 406 is driven to rotate. The second screw 406 is threadedly connected with the screw barrel 405 on the movable ring 401, thereby driving the movable ring 401 to move downward, so that the movable ring 401 approaches the bottom plate 301. During the downward movement of the movable ring 401, the filter plate 403 is driven to move downward, and the water under the filter plate 403 is discharged to the top of the filter plate 403 through the filter hole 404. Until the filter plate 403 moves to the top of the sediment, the second motor 410 is powered off.

Then, the first motor 309 is turned on to rotate the first screw 308. Since the first screw 308 is threadedly connected to the slider 305, the slider 305 is driven to move upward along the slide groove 307, driving the bottom plate 301 and the filter plate 403 to move upward at the same time, thereby pushing the water above the filter plate 403 to be discharged from the external pipe 2. At the same time, the sludge between the bottom plate 301 and the filter plate 403 is brought out to the top of the sewage treatment barrel 1, completing the sedimentation and water separation in the sewage, and then the movable ring 401 is driven to move upward by the rotation of the second screw 406, and then the sediment on the top of the bottom plate 301 is cleared out.

It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. A sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment, comprising a sewage treatment cylinder (1), characterized in that: an external pipe (2) is fixedly installed on one side of the sewage treatment cylinder (1), and a sedimentation removal component (3) is installed inside the sewage treatment cylinder (1); The sedimentation and clearing component (3) comprises a bottom plate (301) arranged inside the sewage treatment cylinder (1); the bottom wall of the bottom plate (301) contacts the inner bottom wall of the sewage treatment cylinder (1); the outer wall of the bottom plate (301) is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder (1); a first vertical rod (302) is coaxially fixedly installed on the top of the bottom plate (301); a horizontal plate (303) is fixedly installed on the top of the first vertical rod (302); the horizontal plate (303) is connected to a first lifting mechanism; the height of the horizontal plate (303) is adjusted by the first lifting mechanism; and a solid-liquid separation component (4) is installed on the first vertical rod (302); The solid-liquid separation component (4) comprises a movable ring (401) arranged inside the sewage treatment cylinder (1); an annular groove (402) is provided on the inner side of the movable ring (401); a filter plate (403) is provided on the inner side of the movable ring (401); the edge of the filter plate (403) is located inside the annular groove (402); the filter plate (403) can rotate inside the movable ring (401); filter holes (404) are evenly provided on the filter plate (403); the movable ring (401) is connected to a second lifting mechanism; the height of the movable ring (401) is adjusted by the second lifting mechanism; and a sewage sedimentation component (5) is installed on the filter plate (403); The sewage sedimentation component (5) comprises a plate groove (501) which is opened at an equal angle on the filter plate (403), a stirring plate (502) is inserted into the plate groove (501), the bottom end of the stirring plate (502) is in contact with the top wall of the bottom plate (301), a top block (503) is fixedly installed on the top of the stirring plate (502), the bottom wall of the top block (503) is in contact with the top wall of the filter plate (403), and an air intake aeration mechanism is installed on the stirring plate (502). 2. A sedimentation and separation device for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first lifting mechanism includes a second vertical rod (304) fixedly installed at the bottom end of the horizontal plate (303), a slider (305) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the second vertical rod (304), the second vertical rod (304) is located on the side of the sewage treatment cylinder (1) away from the external pipe (2), a sliding box (306) is provided on the side of the second vertical rod (304) away from the sewage treatment cylinder (1), the sliding box (306) is fixedly installed on the ground, a sliding groove (307) is opened on the sliding box (306), and the slider (305) is slidably installed inside the sliding groove (307). 3. A sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: a first screw (308) is rotatably installed inside the chute (307), the first screw (308) is threadedly connected to the slider (305), the top end of the first screw (308) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor (309), and the first motor (309) is fixedly installed on the top end of the sliding box (306). 4. A sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the movable ring (401) is located above the external pipe (2), and the outer wall of the movable ring (401) is in close contact with the inner wall of the sewage treatment cylinder (1). 5. A sedimentation and separation device for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second lifting mechanism includes a screw barrel (405) installed on the annular groove (402), the screw barrel (405) is located on the side of the first vertical rod (302) close to the second vertical rod (304), the internal thread of the screw barrel (405) is installed with a second screw rod (406), the top end of the second screw rod (406) is fixedly installed with a limit rotating rod (407), the limit rotating rod (407) is rotatably installed on the horizontal plate (303), the top end of the limit rotating rod (407) is fixedly installed with a first gear (408), one side of the first gear (408) is meshedly connected with a second gear (409), the second gear (409) is coaxially fixedly connected with the output shaft of the second motor (410), and the second motor (410) is fixedly installed on the horizontal plate (303). 6. A sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that: a limit rotating block (411) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the second screw (406), and the limit rotating block (411) is rotatably installed inside a limit rotating groove (412), and the limit rotating groove (412) is opened on the bottom plate (301). 7. A sedimentation and separation device for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air intake and aeration mechanism includes a rotating sleeve (504) arranged above the filter plate (403), the rotating sleeve (504) is sleeved on the outer side of the first vertical rod (302), two limit plates (508) are installed on the first vertical rod (302), the two limit plates (508) are respectively in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the rotating sleeve (504), a gear ring (505) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve (504), one side of the gear ring (505) is meshedly connected with a third gear (506), the third gear (506) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor (507), and the third motor (507) is fixedly installed on the horizontal plate (303). 8. A sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment according to claim 7, characterized in that: an annular air inlet groove (510) is opened inside the rotating sleeve (504), the top of the annular air inlet groove (510) penetrates to the top of the rotating sleeve (504), fan blades (511) are installed at equal angles on the inner wall of the annular air inlet groove (510), and the fan blades (511) are inclined. Connecting pipes (509) are installed at equal angles on the outer side of the rotating sleeve (504), and the connecting pipes (509) correspond one-to-one to the stirring plates (502). 9. A sedimentation separation device for sewage treatment according to claim 8, characterized in that: one end of the connecting pipe (509) is connected to the annular air inlet groove (510), one end of the connecting pipe (509) is located below the fan blade (511), the other end of the connecting pipe (509) is fixedly connected to the top block (503), a ventilation groove (514) is provided inside the stirring plate (502), the top of the ventilation groove (514) is connected to the connecting pipe (509), an air cavity (512) is provided inside the bottom end of the stirring plate (502), the air cavity (512) is connected to the ventilation groove (514), and air holes (513) are evenly provided on the outside of the air cavity (512), and the air holes (513) penetrate to the outside of the stirring plate (502).