CN118765561A - Lightweight power roller compacting seedbed fertilizing seeder for crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a light and simple crop power roller compaction seed bed fertilizing and seeding machine, which comprises a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary cultivator comprises a frame body, a rotary cutter shaft is arranged at the lower part of the frame body, a gearbox connected with a power output shaft of a tractor is arranged at the upper part of the frame body, a plurality of seven-character rotary blades are arranged on the rotary cutter shaft, a soil retaining assembly is arranged at the rear end of the frame body and comprises a soil retaining grating plate and an adjusting plate, a power roller assembly, a fertilizer applicator and a seed sowing device are sequentially arranged behind the soil retaining grating plate, broken soil is thrown to the rear of the frame body through the grating crossing the power roller assembly, and a large block of soil is blocked by the soil retaining grating plate for secondary rotary cultivation; the power roller assembly compacts the smashed soil and presses out the groove, and the fertilizer applicator and the seed sowing device respectively send the waste and the seeds into the groove; the rear of the seed sowing device is connected with a soil scraping plate and a pressing roller. The rotary tillage machine is simple in structure and convenient to operate, effectively improves rotary tillage quality, and further improves emergence rate.

Description

Lightweight power roller compacting seedbed fertilizing seeder for crops

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a light-weight crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing seeder.

Background Art

A seeder is a planting machine that sows crop seeds. It is mainly used for sowing a certain type of crop and is often named after the crop type, such as grain drill, corn hole seeder, cotton seeder, forage spreader, etc. In the 1st century BC, my country had promoted the use of plows, which were the earliest drill seeding machines in the world and are still used in northern dry farming areas. The object of the seeder is crop seeds or pelletized coated seeds. It can be divided into three categories according to the sowing method: vacuum seed seeder spreader, drill seeder and hole seeder. Various types of precision seeders have been developed in large numbers since the 1950s, which can accurately control the sowing amount, hole (plant) spacing and sowing depth. However, before sowing, the cultivated land often needs to be plowed and fertilized, and plowing and fertilization require other equipment. Therefore, the existing seeders have a single function and cannot take into account both fertilization and sowing. In some rice-growing areas, after rice is harvested, the soil is wet and sticky, and the land preparation quality is not high. Similarly, such problems also exist in areas with heavy clay soils, and the existing seeders cannot be effectively applied to sowing in such soils. Therefore, there is a need for a lightweight crop power roller compacting seedbed fertilization seeder that combines plowing, fertilization and sowing and is suitable for sticky land and plots with poor land preparation quality.

Summary of the invention

In order to address the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a lightweight power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing and seeding machine for crops that combines tillage, fertilization and sowing and is suitable for clay soil and soil with poor land preparation quality. The retaining plate of the rotary tiller is replaced with a retaining grid plate, a grid is opened on the basis of the retaining plate, and the size of the grid opening is adjusted. Finely divided soil passes over the power roller assembly through the grid to cover the seeds discharged by the seed meter behind the power roller assembly. The grid blocks large clods of soil for secondary or even multiple rotary tillage, which can effectively improve the rotary tillage quality of the soil. The matching power-driven rolling roller compacts the seedbed, and the finely divided soil thrown out by the grid covers the surface of the seeds, forming a seed germination environment with "empty on top and solid on the bottom" in the soil, which is conducive to seed germination and thereby improves the germination rate.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The light and simple crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing and seeding machine comprises a rotary tiller, which comprises a frame body, a rotary cutter shaft is installed at the lower part of the frame body, a gearbox connected to the tractor power output shaft is arranged at the upper part of the frame body, and a plurality of seven-shaped rotary tillers are installed on the rotary cutter shaft.

A soil retaining assembly is arranged at the rear end of the frame body, and the soil retaining assembly includes a soil retaining grille plate connected to the frame body and an adjusting plate slidably arranged on the frame body up and down for adjusting the grille opening size on the soil retaining grille plate. A power roller assembly connected to the gearbox rotating shaft, a fertilizer applicator, and a seed meter are arranged in sequence behind the soil retaining grille plate. The seven-character rotary tillage blade lifts the soil, and the crushed soil passes through the grille and over the power roller assembly and is thrown to the rear of the frame body. Large pieces of soil are blocked by the soil retaining grille plate for secondary rotary tillage.

The power roller assembly compacts the crushed soil and presses out the groove, and the fertilizer applicator and seed meter send the waste and seeds into the groove respectively; the scraper plate and the pressing roller are connected to the rear of the seed meter. After the seeds are sent into the groove, the scraper plate scrapes the soil, and the soil on both sides of the groove is scraped into the groove to bury the seeds.

The power roller assembly includes a power pressing roller, on which a plurality of power pressing rings are slidably arranged. The power pressing rings are fixed by countersunk screws. The distance between the power pressing rings is adjusted according to the row spacing required for sowing. After the adjustment is completed, the power pressing rings are fixed by a screw assembly. As the power pressing rings rotate, grooves are formed on the crushed soil.

A plurality of top screw through holes are radially arranged on the power pressure ring, and countersunk top screws are arranged in the top screw through holes. After the distance between the power pressure rings is adjusted, the countersunk top screws are screwed to make the inner ends of the countersunk top screws press against the outer circle of the power pressure roller, thereby fixing the power pressure ring and the power pressure roller in connection.

A slideway is arranged on the power pressure roller, a slide bar is arranged inside the power pressure ring, and the power pressure ring slides on the power pressure roller through the slide bar and the slideway, so that the power pressure ring and the power pressure roller rotate synchronously;

The inner wall of the power pressing ring is in close contact with the outer wall of the power roller. The thickness of the power pressing ring is 2-4 cm, and the width of the power pressing ring is 7-10 cm, so as to press out a groove of corresponding width and depth.

The power pressing ring comprises a pressing ring portion and fillet portions arranged on both sides of the pressing ring portion. Both sides of the power pressing roller are connected with scraper assemblies for scraping clay off the power pressing ring through a first bearing and a second bearing.

The scraper assembly comprises a scraper frame, a scraper plate installed on the scraper frame, and a scraper installed on the scraper plate;

The scraper frame includes a left horizontal column connected to the left side of the power pressure roller through a first bearing, and a right horizontal column connected to the right side of the power pressure roller through a second bearing. The left horizontal column is connected to a left vertical column, and the right horizontal column is connected to a right vertical column. A crossbeam is connected between the left vertical column and the right vertical column. The left horizontal column has the same structure as the right horizontal column, and the left vertical column has the same structure as the right vertical column.

The scraper plate is provided with a groove with the opening facing downwards, and multiple adjustment holes are provided on both sides and the middle of the upper side of the groove of the scraper plate, and the scraper is installed in the groove through the adjustment holes.

A first left extension portion and a first right extension portion are respectively provided on both sides of the retaining grid plate, and a first threaded hole is provided on the first left extension portion and the first right extension portion; a second left extension portion corresponding to the first left extension portion and a second right extension portion corresponding to the first right extension portion are respectively provided on both sides of the adjustment plate, and a second threaded hole corresponding to the first threaded hole is provided on the second left extension portion and the second right extension portion; after the adjustment plate is set to a suitable position, it is fixed by fixing bolts.

A shock-absorbing rubber pad is arranged on the inner wall of the adjusting plate; and a plurality of soil-breaking nails are arranged on the inner wall of the retaining grid plate.

The present invention changes the retaining plate of the existing rotary tiller into a retaining grid plate, and adds a plurality of vertical grids on the retaining plate, so that the finely divided soil can pass through the grid and climb over the power roller assembly to cover the seeds discharged by the seed-discharging device behind the power roller assembly. The grid blocks the large soil blocks for secondary or even multiple rotary tillage, which can effectively improve the rotary tillage quality of the soil. The matching power-driven pressing roller compacts the seedbed, and the finely divided soil thrown out by the grid covers the surface of the seeds, forming a seed germination environment with "empty soil on top and solid soil on the bottom" in the soil, which is conducive to seed germination. By setting the corresponding adjustment plate, the vertical size of the grid opening of the retaining grid plate can be adjusted, thereby changing the thickness of the covering soil and improving the germination rate.

The present application performs groove pressing by means of a power roller assembly arranged behind the retaining grid plate. The power roller assembly includes a power pressure roller and a power pressure ring. The power pressure ring slides on the power pressure roller. The distance between the power pressure rings can be adjusted by a countersunk screw, so that the seeder of the present application can adapt to sowing with different row spacings, thereby improving the applicability of sowing.

To sum up, the present application has a simple structure and is easy to operate. By setting a soil retaining grid plate and a corresponding adjustment plate, the quality of rotary tillage is effectively improved, and the adjustment plate is used to change the vertical size of the grid opening and thus change the soil covering thickness, thereby improving the seedling emergence rate. A power pressure ring that slides on a power pressure roller is further provided. By pressing the groove through the power pressure ring, the seed drill of the present application can be suitable for soil conditions of poor quality such as clay soil.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure roller assembly according to the present invention from a first viewing angle;

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure roller assembly according to the present invention from a second viewing angle;

FIG4 is an enlarged view of portion A in FIG3 ;

FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power pressure ring of the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power pressure roller and a scraper frame of the present invention;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of the retaining grid plate of the present invention;

8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting plate of the present invention adjusting the smaller opening of the retaining grid plate;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the adjusting plate of the present invention for adjusting a larger opening of the retaining grid plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As shown in Figures 1-9, the light-weight crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing and sowing machine of the present invention comprises a rotary tiller 1, which comprises a frame body 4, a rotating cutter shaft is installed at the lower part of the frame body 4, a gearbox 5 connected to the tractor power output shaft is arranged at the upper part of the frame body 4, a plurality of seven-shaped rotary tillers are installed on the rotating cutter shaft, a soil retaining assembly 2 is arranged at the rear end of the frame body 4, and the soil retaining assembly 2 comprises a soil retaining grid plate 3 connected to the frame body 4 and a soil retaining grid plate 3 and a soil retaining grid plate 3 for adjusting the ... The adjusting plate 23 of the vertical size of the grille opening 17 on the soil grille plate 3, the seven-shaped rotary tiller lifts the soil, and the crushed soil is thrown to the rear of the frame body 4 through the grille, and the large pieces of soil are blocked by the retaining grille plate 3 for secondary rotary tillage; the seven-shaped rotary tiller can effectively throw the soil backward when rotating at a high speed, and the larger pieces of soil thrown after being rotated are blocked by the retaining grille plate 3, and the large pieces of soil are rotary tilled for multiple times to improve the quality of rotary tillage; the smaller pieces of soil and crushed soil are thrown backward through the grille opening 17 of the retaining grille plate 3;

A power roller assembly 7, a fertilizer applicator 6, and a seeding device 8 connected to the rotating shaft of the gearbox 5 are arranged in sequence behind the retaining grid plate 3. The power roller assembly 7 compacts the crushed soil and presses out grooves. This groove pressing method can effectively adapt to moist soil or land with high viscosity. The fertilizer applicator 6 and the seeding device 8 respectively send waste and seeds into the grooves. The fertilizer box of the fertilizer applicator 6 can be placed above the rotary tiller 1 or side by side with the seed box of the seeder (as shown in Figure 1). The feed pipe of the fertilizer applicator 6 can be adjusted as needed. The feed pipe of the fertilizer applicator 6 can be set on the rotary tiller 1 and the feed port can be placed in front of the rotary tiller 1 to achieve fertilization before rotary tillage, or the feed pipe of the fertilizer applicator 6 can be placed side by side with the seeding pipe of the seeder. The arrangement is to realize fertilization after rotary tillage, and those skilled in the art can arrange it according to actual needs; a scraper plate 9 and a pressing roller 10 are connected to the rear of the seed meter 8. After the seeds are sent into the groove, the scraper plate 9 scrapes the soil, and the soil on both sides of the groove is scraped into the groove to bury the seeds. The broken soil thrown to the rear through the grille opening 17 of the retaining grille plate 3 is relatively hollow, and is sown after being grooved by the power roller assembly 7. After sowing, the soil is scraped by the scraper plate 9 and pressed by the pressing roller 10, so that the soil reaches a state of hollowness on the top and solidness on the bottom, which is conducive to the germination of seeds and improves the germination rate. On the other hand, due to the use of the groove pressing method, capillary phenomenon will occur in the groove, and the moisture at the bottom of the soil will go up under the action of the capillary phenomenon, providing good moisture for the seeds, which is conducive to the germination of seeds.

The power roller assembly 7 includes a power pressing roller 11, on which a plurality of power pressing rings 12 are slidably arranged. A top screw through hole 15 is radially arranged in the power pressing ring 12, and a countersunk top screw is arranged in the top screw through hole 15. The distance between the power pressing rings 12 is adjusted according to the row spacing required for sowing. After the adjustment is completed, the countersunk top screw is screwed so that the inner end of the countersunk top screw presses the outer circle of the power pressing roller 11, thereby fixing the power pressing ring 12 to the power pressing roller 11 and fixing it by the countersunk top screw. As the power pressing ring 12 rotates, a groove is formed on the broken soil. A slideway 13 is provided on the power pressure roller 11, and a slide bar 16 is provided in the power pressure ring 12. The power pressure ring 12 slides on the power pressure roller 11 through the slide bar 16 and the slideway 13, so that the power pressure ring 12 and the power pressure roller 11 rotate synchronously; the power pressure ring 12 slides on the power pressure roller 11 and can be set as needed, which can realize equal row spacing planting as well as wide and narrow row planting, so that the seeder has a wider applicability.

The power pressing ring 12 includes a pressing ring portion 35 and rounded corner portions 36 arranged on both sides of the pressing ring portion. A scraper assembly for scraping clay off the power pressing ring is connected to both sides of the power pressing roller 11 through a first bearing 29 and a second bearing. The scraper assembly includes a scraper frame 25, a scraper plate 26 mounted on the scraper frame 25, and a scraper 27 mounted on the scraper plate 26; the scraper frame 25 includes a left horizontal column 30 connected to the left side of the power pressing roller through a first bearing 29, and a right horizontal column 31 connected to the right side of the power pressing roller through a second bearing, the left horizontal column 30 is connected to a left vertical column 32, the right horizontal column 31 is connected to a right vertical column, a crossbeam is connected between the left vertical column 32 and the right vertical column, the left horizontal column 30 has the same structure as the right horizontal column 31, and the left vertical column 32 has the same structure as the right vertical column. The scraper plate 26 is provided with a groove with an opening facing downward, and a plurality of adjustment holes 28 are provided on both sides and the middle of the groove on the scraper plate 26. The scraper 27 is installed in the groove through the screw adjustment holes 28; the scraper frame 25 is connected to the power pressure roller through the first bearing 29 and the second bearing, so that the power pressure roller does not affect the scraper frame 25 when rotating. As the power pressure roller rotates, the power pressure ring is driven to rotate, and the clay adhered to the power pressure ring is scraped off by the scraper 27. During use, the scraper 27 will have a certain degree of wear. By providing a plurality of adjustment holes 28, the scraper 27 can be extended and retracted up and down. When the scraper 27 is seriously damaged, the scraper 27 can be disassembled by screws and moved downward to work again. It is convenient and quick to avoid the trouble caused by replacing the scraper 27.

The inner wall of the power pressing ring 12 is close to the outer wall of the power roller, the thickness of the power pressing ring 12 is 2-4 cm, and the width of the power pressing ring 12 is 7-10 cm, so as to press out a groove of corresponding width and depth. In practical application, the thickness of the power pressing ring 12 is generally set to 3 cm, and the width is set to 8 cm, so that the pressed groove is 8 cm wide and 3 cm deep, which is conducive to seedling emergence. It can also be set arbitrarily according to actual needs to adapt to different widths and depths.

The first left extension part 21 and the first right extension part 22 are respectively provided on both sides of the retaining grid plate 3, and the first left extension part 21 and the first right extension part 22 are provided with a first threaded hole 18. The second left extension part corresponding to the first left extension part 21 and the second right extension part 20 corresponding to the first right extension part 22 are respectively provided on both sides of the adjustment plate 23, and the second left extension part and the second right extension part 20 are provided with a second threaded hole 19 corresponding to the first threaded hole 18. The adjustment plate 23 can be moved up and down to adjust the size of the grid opening 17 of the retaining grid plate 3, thereby changing the thickness of the soil cover required for sowing. After the adjustment plate 23 is set to a suitable position, it is fixed by fixing bolts 14. A shock-absorbing rubber pad is provided on the inner wall of the adjustment plate 2. It can prevent noise caused by vibration during operation; a plurality of soil-breaking nails 24 are provided on the inner wall of the retaining grid plate 3. During the operation of the rotary tiller, the soil hits the soil-breaking nails 24, which is conducive to soil breaking. In addition, the width of the grille opening 17 of the retaining grille plate 3 is 3 to 4 cm, with 3.5 cm being the most preferred. The soil blocks passing through the grille opening are usually less than 3 cm, the soil is loose and suitable for planting, and the rotary tillage efficiency and the size of the soil blocks suitable for planting requirements achieve a good balance.

The present invention changes the retaining plate of the existing rotary tiller 1 into a retaining grid plate 3, and adds a plurality of vertical grids on the retaining plate, so that the finely divided soil can pass through the grid to climb over the power roller assembly and cover the seeds discharged by the seed meter 8 behind the power roller assembly. The grid blocks the large soil blocks for secondary or even multiple rotary tillage, which can effectively improve the rotary tillage quality of the soil. The matching power-driven pressing roller compacts the seedbed, and the finely divided soil thrown out by the grid covers the surface of the seeds, forming a seed germination environment with "empty soil on top and solid soil on the bottom" in the soil, which is conducive to seed germination. By setting the corresponding adjustment plate 23, the vertical size of the grid opening 17 of the retaining grid plate 3 can be adjusted, thereby changing the thickness of the covering soil and improving the germination rate. On the other hand, the present application uses a power roller assembly 7 arranged behind the retaining grid plate 3 to press grooves on the loose soil after rotary tillage. The power roller assembly 7 includes a power pressing roller 11 and a power pressing ring 12. The power pressing ring 12 slides on the power pressing roller 11. The distance between the power pressing rings 12 can be adjusted by a countersunk screw, so that the seed drill of the present application can adapt to sowing with different row spacings, thereby improving the applicability of sowing. The present application has a simple structure and is easy to operate. The rotary tillage quality is effectively improved by setting the retaining grid plate 3 and the corresponding adjustment plate 23, and the vertical size of the grid opening 17 is changed by the adjustment plate 23 to change the soil cover thickness, thereby improving the emergence rate, and further a power pressing ring 12 sliding on the power pressing roller 11 is arranged. The power pressing ring 12 is used to press grooves, so that the seed drill of the present application can be suitable for soil conditions with poor quality such as clay soil, effectively solving the technical problem that the existing seed drill cannot adapt to poor soil quality such as clay soil.

This embodiment does not impose any formal limitation on the shape, material, structure, etc. of the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A light and simple crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing and sowing machine, comprising a rotary tiller, the rotary tiller comprising a frame body, a rotary cutter shaft is installed at the lower part of the frame body, a gearbox connected to the tractor power output shaft is arranged at the upper part of the frame body, and a plurality of seven-shaped rotary tillers are installed on the rotary cutter shaft, characterized in that: A soil retaining assembly is arranged at the rear end of the frame body, and the soil retaining assembly includes a soil retaining grille plate connected to the frame body and an adjusting plate slidably arranged on the frame body up and down for adjusting the grille opening size on the soil retaining grille plate. A power roller assembly connected to the gearbox rotating shaft, a fertilizer applicator, and a seed meter are arranged in sequence behind the soil retaining grille plate. The seven-character rotary tillage blade lifts the soil, and the crushed soil passes through the grille and over the power roller assembly and is thrown to the rear of the frame body. Large pieces of soil are blocked by the soil retaining grille plate for secondary rotary tillage. The power roller assembly compacts the crushed soil and presses out the groove, and the fertilizer applicator and seed meter send the waste and seeds into the groove respectively; the scraper plate and the pressing roller are connected to the rear of the seed meter. After the seeds are sent into the groove, the scraper plate scrapes the soil, and the soil on both sides of the groove is scraped into the groove to bury the seeds. 2. The light-weight crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing seeder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the power roller assembly includes a power pressure roller, on which a plurality of power pressure rings are slidably arranged, and the power pressure rings are fixed by countersunk top screws, and the distance between the power pressure rings is adjusted according to the row spacing required for sowing. After the adjustment is completed, it is fixed by a screw assembly, and as the power pressure ring rotates, grooves are formed on the broken soil. 3. The light-weight crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing seeder according to claim 2 is characterized in that: a plurality of top screw through holes are radially arranged on the power pressure ring, and countersunk top screws are arranged in the top screw through holes. After the distance between the power pressure rings is adjusted, the countersunk top screws are screwed so that the inner end of the countersunk top screw presses against the outer circle of the power pressure roller, thereby fixing the power pressure ring and the power pressure roller in fixed connection. 4. The light-weight crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing seeder according to claim 3 is characterized in that: a slideway is provided on the power pressure roller, a slide bar is provided inside the power pressure ring, and the power pressure ring slides on the power pressure roller through the slide bar and the slideway, so that the power pressure ring and the power pressure roller rotate synchronously; The inner wall of the power pressing ring is in close contact with the outer wall of the power roller. The thickness of the power pressing ring is 2-4 cm, and the width of the power pressing ring is 7-10 cm, so as to press out a groove of corresponding width and depth. 5. The light-weight crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing seeder according to claim 4 is characterized in that the power pressure ring includes a pressure ring part and rounded corners arranged on both sides of the pressure ring part, and the two sides of the power pressure roller are connected with a scraper assembly for scraping off the clay on the power pressure ring through the first bearing and the second bearing. 6. The light-weight crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: the scraper assembly comprises a scraper frame, a scraper plate mounted on the scraper frame, and a scraper mounted on the scraper plate; The scraper frame includes a left horizontal column connected to the left side of the power pressure roller through a first bearing, and a right horizontal column connected to the right side of the power pressure roller through a second bearing. The left horizontal column is connected to a left vertical column, and the right horizontal column is connected to a right vertical column. A crossbeam is connected between the left vertical column and the right vertical column. The left horizontal column has the same structure as the right horizontal column, and the left vertical column has the same structure as the right vertical column. The scraper plate is provided with a groove with the opening facing downwards, and a plurality of adjustment holes are provided on both sides and the middle of the groove on the scraper plate, and the scraper is installed in the groove through the adjustment holes. 7. The lightweight crop power roller compaction seed bed fertilization seeder according to claim 6 is characterized in that: a first left extension portion and a first right extension portion are respectively provided on both sides of the retaining grid plate, and a first threaded hole is provided on the first left extension portion and the first right extension portion, and a second left extension portion corresponding to the first left extension portion and a second right extension portion are respectively provided on both sides of the adjustment plate, and a second threaded hole corresponding to the first threaded hole is provided on the second left extension portion and the second right extension portion, and after the adjustment plate is set to a suitable position, it is fixed by fixing bolts. 8. The light-weight crop power roller compacting seed bed fertilizing seeder according to claim 7 is characterized in that a shock-absorbing rubber pad is provided on the inner wall of the adjustment plate; and a plurality of soil-breaking nails are provided on the inner wall of the soil retaining grid plate.