CN118759027A - A ship corrosion location method based on hull potentiometer - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于船体腐蚀监测技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种基于船体电位仪的船舶腐蚀定位方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of hull corrosion monitoring, and more specifically, relates to a ship corrosion positioning method based on a hull potentiometer.
背景技术Background Art
船舶在服役期间，由于与空气中的氧、水等物质的长期暴露，会导致船舶表面出现严重的腐蚀现象。船体与海水及空气接触的部位是船体最易锈蚀的部位，对船体的性能、可靠性及安全性有很大的影响。防止船体腐蚀的方法目前主要有两种，一是涂料法：在船体钢材表面涂刷油漆，利用漆膜隔绝周围介质对钢材的侵蚀；二是阴极保护法：利用不同金属的电势不同以保护船体金属的方法。而对于阴极保护法，不论是牺牲阳极法，还是外加电流阴极保护法，其保护阳极(锌、铝金属或镁合金，铅或银的合金或镀铂的钛等)均布置在船体水下部分表面上，肉眼无法直接观察，为了检验保护阳极的持续有效性，进而保障船体防腐措施的可靠性，目前船舶上主要采用船体电位仪来进行相关的检测工作。During the service of ships, long-term exposure to oxygen, water and other substances in the air will cause serious corrosion on the surface of the ship. The parts of the hull that are in contact with seawater and air are the most susceptible to rust, which has a great impact on the performance, reliability and safety of the hull. There are currently two main methods to prevent hull corrosion. One is the coating method: paint is applied to the surface of the hull steel to isolate the surrounding medium from erosion of the steel; the other is the cathodic protection method: the method of using the different potentials of different metals to protect the hull metal. As for the cathodic protection method, whether it is the sacrificial anode method or the impressed current cathodic protection method, the protective anode (zinc, aluminum metal or magnesium alloy, lead or silver alloy or platinum-plated titanium, etc.) is arranged on the surface of the underwater part of the hull, which cannot be directly observed by the naked eye. In order to test the continued effectiveness of the protective anode and then ensure the reliability of the hull anti-corrosion measures, the hull potentiometer is currently used on ships to carry out related detection work.
船体电位仪的主要功能是通过测量船体浸入海水部分与海水(或淡水)之间的电位值，根据其电位的变化，编辑船体腐蚀情况的轻重与电位之间变化的应用软件，利用计算机对检测的数据进行综合处理，以分析海水对船舶体的腐蚀情况，以便设计、维修部门采取有效的防护措施对船体进行更好地选材和保护。目前这一技术方法在舰艇防腐工作中被广泛采用，取得了很好的应用效果，但也存在一定的不足，虽然利用船体电位仪可以检测船体的腐蚀情况，却无法对腐蚀的部位进行初步定位，大大增加了后续的维护工作成本和时间。The main function of the hull potential meter is to measure the potential value between the part of the hull immersed in seawater and seawater (or fresh water), and edit the application software of the severity of the hull corrosion and the change between the potential according to the change of its potential, and use the computer to comprehensively process the detected data to analyze the corrosion of the ship hull by seawater, so that the design and maintenance departments can take effective protective measures to better select materials and protect the hull. At present, this technical method has been widely used in ship anti-corrosion work and has achieved good application results, but it also has certain shortcomings. Although the hull potential meter can detect the corrosion of the hull, it cannot preliminarily locate the corroded parts, which greatly increases the cost and time of subsequent maintenance work.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对当前船体电位仪测量船体电位无法确定船体腐蚀部位的局限性，本发明的目的在于提供了一种基于船体电位仪的船舶腐蚀定位方法，在船舶上选择若干代表船体的测点(简称船体测点)，在船舶周围设置若干水中测点(参比电极)，通过船体电位仪测量并记录所有船体测点与水中测点之间的电位值，计算相应的腐蚀电流，腐蚀电流变化明显的区域即可初步视为包含发生腐蚀的部位，从而快速判定腐蚀的大概范围或目标区域，以便更好地指导船舶腐蚀处理工作的进行。In view of the limitation that the current hull potentiometer cannot determine the hull corrosion site by measuring the hull potential, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a ship corrosion positioning method based on the hull potentiometer, wherein a number of measuring points representing the hull (referred to as hull measuring points) are selected on the ship, and a number of underwater measuring points (reference electrodes) are set around the ship. The hull potentiometer measures and records the potential values between all hull measuring points and the underwater measuring points, and calculates the corresponding corrosion current. The area where the corrosion current changes significantly can be preliminarily regarded as containing the site where corrosion occurs, thereby quickly determining the approximate range or target area of corrosion, so as to better guide the progress of ship corrosion treatment work.
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种基于船体电位仪的船舶腐蚀定位方法，所需材料为参比电极和连接电缆，所需装置为船体电位仪设备，包括以下步骤：A ship corrosion positioning method based on a hull potentiometer, the required materials are a reference electrode and a connecting cable, the required device is a hull potentiometer device, and includes the following steps:
进行船体电位测量之前，先根据船舶大小或承担任务重要性等，设置一定数量的船体测点与水中测点；Before measuring the hull potential, a certain number of hull measuring points and underwater measuring points should be set according to the size of the ship or the importance of the mission.
将参比电极置于水中测点，并通过连接电缆与船体电位仪连接，同时将船体测点也通过连接电缆与船体电位仪连接，并测量所有船体测点与水中测点之间的电位值；Place the reference electrode at the measuring point in the water and connect it to the hull potentiometer via a connecting cable. Meanwhile, connect the hull measuring point to the hull potentiometer via a connecting cable and measure the potential values between all the hull measuring points and the measuring points in the water.
以腐蚀电流作为船舶腐蚀的评价指标；The corrosion current is used as the evaluation index of ship corrosion;
船舶腐蚀监测过程中，根据后续测量的电位值计算腐蚀电流，将腐蚀电流变化明显的船体测点与水中测点进行连线；During the ship corrosion monitoring process, the corrosion current is calculated based on the potential value measured later, and the hull measurement points with obvious corrosion current changes are connected with the water measurement points;
分析不同测点连线形成的图形分布，分析多个图形交叉的情况，并将图形交叉的部分初步判定为可能发生腐蚀的目标区域；Analyze the distribution of graphs formed by connecting different measuring points, analyze the intersection of multiple graphs, and preliminarily determine the intersection of the graphs as the target area where corrosion may occur;
根据目标区域内腐蚀电流数值变化的大小，判断可能发生腐蚀的程度。The extent of possible corrosion can be determined based on the magnitude of the change in the corrosion current value in the target area.
进一步地，所述以腐蚀电流作为船舶腐蚀的评价指标，包括：Furthermore, the corrosion current is used as an evaluation index of ship corrosion, including:
根据船体电位差与测点距离、腐蚀电流之间的关系，建立表达式：According to the relationship between the hull potential difference, the distance between the measuring points and the corrosion current, the expression is established:
V ＝ βI/L (1)V = βI/L (1)
式(1)中，V为电位测量值，L为船体测点与水中测点的水平距离，β为电阻系数，I为电流；In formula (1), V is the potential measurement value, L is the horizontal distance between the hull measurement point and the water measurement point, β is the resistivity, and I is the current;
当进行初始测量时，认为此时没有发生金属腐蚀，因此此时的I应为船体与参比电极形成的原电池回路上的初始电流I0，此时的电阻系数β0代表基本原电池的综合电阻，为：When the initial measurement is performed, it is assumed that no metal corrosion occurs at this time, so I at this time should be the initial current I 0 on the galvanic cell circuit formed by the hull and the reference electrode. The resistivity β 0 at this time represents the comprehensive resistance of the basic galvanic cell, which is:
β0 ＝ VL/I0 (2)β 0 ＝ VL/I 0 (2)
β0为固有参数，因此在船体电位监测过程中根据式(3)计算电流It：β 0 is an inherent parameter, so during the hull potential monitoring process, the current I t is calculated according to formula (3):
It ＝ VL/β0 (3)I t ＝ VL/β 0 (3)
将电流It与初始电流I0进行比较，即得到由于金属腐蚀产生的腐蚀电流If：Comparing the current I t with the initial current I 0 , we can get the corrosion current I f due to metal corrosion:
If ＝ It - I0 (4)。 If = It - I0 (4).
优选地，所述若干个船体测点与水中测点一一对应设置。Preferably, the plurality of hull measuring points are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the underwater measuring points.
可选地，所述腐蚀电流变化明显为变化超过初始值的5％。Optionally, the corrosion current changes significantly by more than 5% of an initial value.
由于采用上述技术方案，本发明的优点在于：Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention are:
(1)利用船体电位仪进行船体电位测量操作简单，方便快捷。本发明只需通过简单分析不同船体测点与水中测点之间的电位与腐蚀电流变化，即可快速判断可能发生腐蚀的目标区域，大大提高战时决策的效率以及节省后期检查的时间。(1) The hull potential measurement using the hull potential meter is simple, convenient and fast. The present invention can quickly determine the target area where corrosion may occur by simply analyzing the potential and corrosion current changes between different hull measurement points and water measurement points, greatly improving the efficiency of wartime decision-making and saving time for later inspections.
(2)根据船体电位测量原理，以腐蚀电流作为船舶腐蚀的评价指标，既可以确定船体是否发生腐蚀，又可以对发生腐蚀的位置进行初步定位，从而在不增加船舶腐蚀监测工作内容的基础上达到了提高工作成效的目标。(2) Based on the principle of hull potential measurement, corrosion current is used as an evaluation index for ship corrosion. This can not only determine whether the hull is corroded, but also preliminarily locate the location of the corrosion, thereby achieving the goal of improving work efficiency without increasing the content of ship corrosion monitoring work.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:
图1为船舶腐蚀定位测量方法示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring ship corrosion location;
图2为船体电位仪测量示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the hull potentiometer measurement.
附图标记说明：Description of reference numerals:
1、船舶；2、船体测点；3、水中测点；4、船体电位仪；5、连接电缆；6、参比电极。1. Ship; 2. Hull measuring point; 3. Underwater measuring point; 4. Hull potentiometer; 5. Connecting cable; 6. Reference electrode.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
以下结合附图及具体实施例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例1：Embodiment 1:
船体作为金属表面与周围电解质(如海水)接触，会发生一系列电化学反应。当金属腐蚀时，会产生电流，并引起金属表面电势的变化。船体电位仪通过测量这种电位变化来判断船体的腐蚀情况。根据这一原理，本发明在船舶上选择若干代表船体的测点(简称船体测点)，然后在船舶周围设置若干水中测点(参比电极)，通过船体电位仪测量并记录所有船体测点与水中测点之间的电位值，计算相应的腐蚀电流，腐蚀电流变化明显的区域即可初步视为包含发生腐蚀的部位，从而快速判定腐蚀的大概范围或目标区域，以便更好地指导船舶腐蚀处理工作的进行。When the hull, as a metal surface, contacts the surrounding electrolyte (such as seawater), a series of electrochemical reactions will occur. When the metal corrodes, an electric current will be generated, causing a change in the metal surface potential. The hull potentiometer determines the corrosion of the hull by measuring this potential change. Based on this principle, the present invention selects a number of measuring points representing the hull on the ship (referred to as the hull measuring points), and then sets up a number of underwater measuring points (reference electrodes) around the ship. The hull potentiometer measures and records the potential values between all hull measuring points and underwater measuring points, calculates the corresponding corrosion current, and the area where the corrosion current changes significantly can be preliminarily regarded as containing the site where corrosion occurs, thereby quickly determining the approximate range or target area of corrosion, so as to better guide the progress of ship corrosion treatment work.
一种基于船体电位仪的船舶腐蚀定位方法，所需材料为参比电极和连接电缆，所需装置为船体电位仪设备，包括以下步骤：A ship corrosion positioning method based on a hull potentiometer, the required materials are a reference electrode and a connecting cable, the required device is a hull potentiometer device, and includes the following steps:
进行船体电位测量之前，先根据船舶大小或承担任务重要性等(即船舶越大或任务越重，需要的测点越多，用来保证测量结果的精度)，设置一定数量的船体测点与水中测点，将参比电极置于水中测点，并通过连接电缆与船体电位仪连接，同时将船体测点也通过连接电缆与船体电位仪连接，并测量所有船体测点与水中测点之间的电位值；Before measuring the hull potential, a certain number of hull measuring points and water measuring points are set according to the size of the ship or the importance of the mission (i.e., the larger the ship or the heavier the mission, the more measuring points are needed to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results). The reference electrode is placed at the water measuring point and connected to the hull potentiometer through a connecting cable. At the same time, the hull measuring point is also connected to the hull potentiometer through a connecting cable, and the potential values between all hull measuring points and water measuring points are measured.
以腐蚀电流作为船舶腐蚀的评价指标；The corrosion current is used as the evaluation index of ship corrosion;
船舶腐蚀监测过程中，根据后续测量的电位值计算腐蚀电流，将腐蚀电流变化明显(即超过初始值的5％)的船体测点与水中测点进行连线；During the ship corrosion monitoring process, the corrosion current is calculated based on the potential value measured subsequently, and the hull measurement points where the corrosion current changes significantly (i.e., exceeds 5% of the initial value) are connected with the measurement points in the water;
分析不同测点连线形成的图形分布，分析多个图形交叉的情况，并将图形交叉的部分初步判定为可能发生腐蚀的目标区域；Analyze the distribution of graphs formed by connecting different measuring points, analyze the intersection of multiple graphs, and preliminarily determine the intersection of the graphs as the target area where corrosion may occur;
根据目标区域内腐蚀电流数值变化的大小，判断可能发生腐蚀的程度。The extent of possible corrosion can be determined based on the magnitude of the change in the corrosion current value in the target area.
进一步地，不同船体测点与不同水中测点之间的距离是大小不一(船体测点可以与多个水中测点之间测量电位值)，且差别较大的，因此它们之间的电位差不能直接用来作腐蚀分析与判别，由此，本发明考虑以腐蚀电流作为船舶腐蚀评价的指标。首先根据船体电位差与测点距离、腐蚀电流之间的关系，可建立它们之间的经验表达式如下：Furthermore, the distances between different hull measuring points and different underwater measuring points are different (the hull measuring point can measure the potential value with multiple underwater measuring points), and the difference is large, so the potential difference between them cannot be directly used for corrosion analysis and discrimination. Therefore, the present invention considers using corrosion current as an indicator for ship corrosion evaluation. First, based on the relationship between the hull potential difference, the distance between the measuring points, and the corrosion current, an empirical expression between them can be established as follows:
V ＝ βI/L (1)V = βI/L (1)
式(1)中，V为电位测量值，L为船体测点与水中测点的水平距离，β为电阻系数，是一个表征船体电阻、海水电导率以及船体电位仪内部电阻的综合参数，I为电流。In formula (1), V is the potential measurement value, L is the horizontal distance between the hull measurement point and the water measurement point, β is the resistivity, which is a comprehensive parameter that characterizes the hull resistance, seawater conductivity and the internal resistance of the hull potentiometer, and I is the current.
当进行初始测量时，可以认为此时没有发生金属腐蚀，因此此时的I应为船舶船体与参比电极形成的原电池回路上的初始电流I0，此时的电阻系数β0代表这个基本原电池的综合电阻，为：When the initial measurement is performed, it can be assumed that no metal corrosion occurs at this time. Therefore, I at this time should be the initial current I 0 on the galvanic cell circuit formed by the ship hull and the reference electrode. The resistivity β 0 at this time represents the comprehensive resistance of this basic galvanic cell, which is:
β0 ＝ VL/I0 (2)β 0 ＝ VL/I 0 (2)
β0为固有参数，因此在船体电位监测过程中可根据式(3)计算电流It：β 0 is an inherent parameter, so during the hull potential monitoring process, the current I t can be calculated according to formula (3):
It ＝ VL/β0 (3)I t ＝ VL/β 0 (3)
将电流It与初始电流I0进行比较，即可得到由于金属腐蚀产生的腐蚀电流If：By comparing the current I t with the initial current I 0 , the corrosion current I f due to metal corrosion can be obtained:
If ＝ It - I0 (4)。 If = It - I0 (4).
实施例2：Embodiment 2:
基于实施例1，本实施例提供的一种船体电位仪的船舶腐蚀定位方法，参看图1、图2，步骤如下：Based on Example 1, this embodiment provides a ship corrosion positioning method using a hull potentiometer, referring to Figures 1 and 2, the steps are as follows:
a.根据船舶1大小或承担任务重要性等，设置8个船体测点2与8个水中测点3；a. According to the size of the ship 1 or the importance of the mission, set 8 hull measurement points 2 and 8 underwater measurement points 3;
b.进行船体电位测量时，将参比电极6与船体测点2通过连接电缆5与船体电位仪4连接，并将参比电极6置于水中测点3处；b. When measuring the hull potential, the reference electrode 6 is connected to the hull measuring point 2 through the connecting cable 5 and the hull potentiometer 4, and the reference electrode 6 is placed at the measuring point 3 in the water;
c.测量所有船体测点2与水中测点3之间的电位值，根据理论公式(2)、(3)计算初始电流和电阻系数，并记录初始值；c. Measure the potential values between all the measuring points 2 on the hull and the measuring points 3 in the water, calculate the initial current and resistivity according to the theoretical formulas (2) and (3), and record the initial values;
d.根据船舶腐蚀监测结果，计算腐蚀电流，并将腐蚀电流变化明显的船体测点与水中测点连线，连线形成的图形即代表可能发生腐蚀的范围；d. Calculate the corrosion current based on the ship corrosion monitoring results, and connect the hull measurement points with the water measurement points where the corrosion current changes significantly. The graph formed by the connection represents the range where corrosion may occur;
e.将多个可能发生腐蚀的范围进行图形交叉分析，并将图形交叉的部分初步判定为可能发生腐蚀的目标区域，并根据目标区域内腐蚀电流变化的大小，判断可能发生腐蚀的程度。e. Conduct graphic cross-analysis on multiple areas where corrosion may occur, and preliminarily determine the cross-sectional area as the target area where corrosion may occur. And judge the degree of possible corrosion based on the change in corrosion current in the target area.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案，尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明，但本发明不局限于上述具体实施方式，因此任何对本发明进行修改或等同替换；而一切不脱离发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进，其均涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation methods. Therefore, any modification or equivalent replacement of the present invention; and all technical solutions and improvements thereof that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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