CN118619129A - Tower crane installation and disassembly methods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tower crane installation and disassembly method, the installation process is: determine the foundation construction plan → concrete foundation construction and acceptance → set the power source → check the parts and components → install the basic components of the tower crane in steps → lift and add sections to the allowed free height → anchor and add sections → install to the required height → measure ground resistance and verticality → debug the whole machine; the disassembly process is: check the disassembly site, check the various parts of the tower crane, prepare disassembly tools and materials → compile a specific disassembly plan → issue a disassembly work task list → lower the tower → remove the wall attachment device → lower to the minimum allowed height → use a truck crane to disassemble the assembly of various components → check the parts and components → transport the components out of the site → classify and stack. In the method of the invention, many technical points in the installation and disassembly process of the tower crane are explained in detail, and the operation is strictly carried out in accordance with the above technical points during use, and the construction is carried out according to the regular operation procedures, so that the safety risks can be well controlled and the safety accidents can be avoided.

Description

Tower crane installation and disassembly methods

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tower crane installation and disassembly method, belonging to the technical field of building construction methods.

Background Art

Tower crane is also called tower crane, which is a rotating crane with a boom mounted on the top of a tall tower. It has a large working space and is mainly used for vertical and horizontal transportation of materials and installation of building components in house construction. It consists of three parts: metal structure, working mechanism and electrical system. The metal structure includes the tower body, boom and base. The working mechanism has four parts: lifting, luffing, rotation and travel. The electrical system includes motors, controllers, distribution cabinets, connecting lines, signals and lighting devices, etc.

Although there are great safety risks in the installation, dismantling and use of tower cranes, if you can grasp several safety points in the installation, dismantling and use process well and follow the regular operating procedures, you can control the safety risks well.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a tower crane installation and disassembly method, by which the safety risks existing in the installation and disassembly process of the tower crane can be reduced.

The technical solution of the present invention is a tower crane installation and disassembly method, the tower crane installation process is: determine the foundation construction plan → concrete foundation construction and acceptance → set the power source → count the parts and components → install the basic components of the tower crane in steps → lift and add sections to the allowed free height → anchor and add sections → install to the required height → measure ground resistance and verticality → debug the whole machine; the tower crane disassembly process is: check the disassembly site, check the various parts of the tower crane, prepare disassembly tools and materials → prepare a specific disassembly plan → issue a disassembly work task list → lower the tower → remove the wall-mounted device → lower to the allowed minimum height → use a truck crane to disassemble the component assemblies → list the parts and components → transport the components to the site → classify and stack them.

In the above tower crane installation and disassembly methods, the technical inspection points before tower crane installation and disassembly are as follows:

1) Before installation and disassembly work begins, a comprehensive inspection should be carried out;

2) Check whether the equipment foundation meets the technical requirements and the horizontal error is less than 1/500, and level the anchor bolts or equipment foundation sections and adjust them to within the allowable range;

3) Carefully inspect all mechanisms, parts, structural welds, bolts at important parts, pins, hoisting mechanisms and wire ropes, hooks, slings, safety limit devices, electrical equipment and lines of the equipment, and solve any problems found immediately;

4) Check the hydraulic cylinder and oil pipe of the tower crane jacking hydraulic system, the jacking frame structure, the guide wheel, the jacking block and the stopper;

5) Check the wire rope and brake device of the tower crane hoisting system and use them only after confirming that they are correct;

6) Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the tools, safety belts and helmets used by the installers, and replace those that fail to meet the standards immediately;

7) Check the auxiliary machinery used in the installation and disassembly operations, and ensure that the technical requirements can meet the needs of the installation and disassembly operations;

8) Check the installation and dismantling site conditions and whether the power supply, transportation roads and work sites are ready for installation and dismantling;

9) Check whether the establishment of safety supervision posts and the implementation of safety measures meet the requirements.

In the above-mentioned tower crane installation and disassembly methods, the jacking and sectioning of the self-erecting tower crane shall meet the following requirements:

1) The lifting system must be intact;

2) Structural parts must be intact;

3) Before lifting, the lower support of the tower crane and the lifting frame should be reliably connected;

4) Before lifting, ensure that the lifting beam is placed correctly;

5) Before lifting, the tower crane should be leveled; during the lifting process, the balance of the tower crane should be ensured;

6) The order of lifting and adding sections should comply with the provisions of the product manual;

7) During the lifting process, lifting, rotation and luffing operations should not be performed;

8) After the lifting is completed, the standard section should be reliably connected to the lower slewing support;

9) If a tower crane needs to be attached after adding sections, the sequence should be to install the attachment device first and then lift and add sections. The position of the attachment device and the strength of the supporting points should meet the requirements.

In the above tower crane installation and disassembly methods, the safety technical control requirements during installation and disassembly operations are:

1) Equipment installation and disassembly should be carried out during the day. If the progress needs to be accelerated, some simple assembly work can be done at night with good lighting conditions. It should not be carried out in strong winds, dense fog, rain or snow;

2) During the installation and dismantling process, the site must be kept clean and orderly. No debris should be piled up to avoid hindering the operation and affecting safety. Wooden beams must be placed under the metal structure of the equipment to prevent damage to the structure or deformation of the structure;

3) The steel wire rope used for installation and its fixing must comply with the standards and meet the installation requirements;

4) Before assembling or installing each part piece by piece, the integrity, connection, wire rope threading and electrical circuits of each part must be fully inspected;

5) When installing and disassembling the tower crane boom and balance arm, the crane must always be kept balanced. It is not allowed to interrupt the operation by installing and disassembling only one boom;

6) During the installation and disassembly process, if there is a sudden power outage, mechanical failure, sudden weather change and the operation cannot be continued, or the operation time has reached and it needs to be stopped, the installed parts of the equipment must be stabilized and locked securely, all structural parts must be firmly connected, and the operation can only be stopped after inspection and confirmation;

7) When installing or disassembling, the specified bolts and pin connectors should be used, and reliable anti-loosening or protective devices should be provided. When tightening the bolts, the specified pre-tightening force should be met;

8) The procedures, auxiliary equipment, rigging and tools for installation and disassembly operations shall comply with the provisions in the machine's instruction manual.

In the above-mentioned tower crane installation and disassembly methods, the following should be checked after the standard section and slewing platform are installed:

1) Whether the model and installation position of the standard section conform to the installation regulations of the original manufacturer's manual, and the preload force of the bolts of the standard section and foundation section shall conform to the technical regulations;

2) The connection between the cab and the slewing bearing should be firm and reliable;

3) The verticality of the tower axis to the supporting surface below the highest attachment point should be ≤ 2/1000 of the corresponding height. The verticality of the tower axis above the highest attachment point to the supporting surface in the independent or attached state should be ≤ 4/1000.

In the above tower crane installation and disassembly methods, the tower crane balance arm, lifting arm, counterweight, brake device and various safety limit devices should be checked after installation:

1) Whether the connection between the balance arm, the boom and the tower body is tight and reliable, the connecting pin should not move, and the tightness meets the technical requirements;

2) Whether the connection between the balance arm and the crane arm is tight and reliable, and the tightness should comply with technical regulations;

3) Whether the safety devices such as guardrails and guard rings are complete, firm and reliable;

4) Whether the balance arm tie rod is installed correctly, the force is evenly distributed, and the connection and tightening meet the technical requirements;

5) Whether the weight, installation position and fixing of the counterweight meet the technical requirements;

6) Check the cab power supply voltage, the value should be 380v±5%;

7) Test run the lifting, luffing and slewing working mechanisms, which should be stable and without abnormal noise, and the braking should be sensitive and reliable;

8) Test various safety limit protection devices, and the operation should be sensitive and reliable.

In the above tower crane installation and disassembly methods, the split pin inspection:

1) The cotter pins of the tie rod pin shafts of the crane arm and the balance arm must be fully inspected before lifting to prevent missing installation or cotter pins not opening;

2) Check whether the size and size of the cotter pins at the connection between the boom, balance arm and tower cap meet the requirements;

3) Check whether the installation position of the cotter pin meets the requirements.

In the above tower crane installation and disassembly methods, the technical inspection after the whole machine is installed is:

Inspect and adjust each working mechanism, requiring that each mechanism operates correctly, smoothly, without abnormal noise, and that the brakes are sensitive and reliable;

Check that the steel structure of the whole machine is installed correctly without deformation, open welding or cracks. Check the tightness of all connection points. The bolts and pins are firm and reliable, and the tightness meets the technical requirements.

Inspect and adjust each safety protection device, requiring the limit action to be accurate, sensitive and reliable;

1) The lifting mechanism has an over-height limit, requiring the safety distance between the hook and the boom to be ≥800cm;

2) The front and rear limits of the trolley's amplitude change require that the distance between the outermost end of the trolley and the track terminal stop be ≥20-30cm;

3) Check the torque protection device, and the torque protection accuracy error shall be ≤5%;

After the above stages and the inspection of the whole machine, fill in the equipment installation self-inspection record.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention explains in detail many technical points in the installation and dismantling process of the tower crane. During use, the operation is strictly carried out in accordance with the above technical points and the construction is carried out according to the regular operating procedures, which can well control the safety risks and avoid safety accidents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the installation process of the tower crane;

Figure 2 is a process flow chart of tower crane disassembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

The embodiment of the present invention is a tower crane installation and disassembly method, the tower crane installation process is: determine the foundation construction plan → concrete foundation construction and acceptance → set the power source → count the parts and components → install the basic components of the tower crane in steps → lift and add sections to the allowed free height → anchor and add sections → install to the required height → measure ground resistance and verticality → debug the whole machine; the tower crane disassembly process is: check the disassembly site, check the various parts of the tower crane, prepare disassembly tools and materials → prepare a specific disassembly plan → issue a disassembly work task list → lower the tower → remove the wall-mounted device → lower to the minimum allowed height → use a truck crane to disassemble the component assemblies → check the parts and components → transport the components to the site → classify and stack them.

The order of tower crane installation and disassembly: follow the requirements of its instruction manual. In case of special circumstances, the user and installation units must formulate special plans and measures based on the on-site conditions.

1) Before installation and disassembly work begins, a comprehensive inspection should be carried out to prevent hidden dangers due to negligence and ensure safe operation.

2) Check whether the equipment foundation meets the technical requirements. The horizontal error is less than 1/500, and the anchor bolts or equipment foundation sections are leveled and adjusted to within the allowable range.

3) Carefully inspect all mechanisms, parts, structural welds, bolts in important parts, pins, winch mechanisms and wire ropes, hooks, slings, safety limit devices, electrical equipment, lines, etc. of the equipment, and solve any problems found immediately.

4) Check the hydraulic cylinder and oil pipe of the tower crane's jacking hydraulic system, the jacking frame structure, guide wheels, jacking blocks and stoppers, etc.

5) Check the wire rope, brake device, etc. of the tower crane hoisting system and use it only after confirming that they are correct.

6) Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the tools, safety belts, safety helmets, etc. used by the installers, and replace any that fail to meet the standards immediately.

7) Check that the auxiliary machinery used in the installation and dismantling operations, such as cranes, transport vehicles, etc., must have good performance and the technical requirements can meet the needs of the installation and dismantling operations.

8) Check the installation and dismantling site conditions, such as whether the power supply, transportation roads, work sites, etc. are ready for installation and dismantling.

9) The establishment of safety supervision posts and the implementation of safety measures have met the requirements.

Installation work should be carried out according to the requirements of the special construction plan. The installation workers should have clear division of labor and responsibilities. Before installation, the installation workers should be given safety and technical explanations. Both the person giving the explanation and the person being explained should sign the explanation book, and the full-time safety officer should supervise the entire explanation process.

After the auxiliary equipment is installed in place, its mechanical and safety performance should be inspected and it can only be used after it passes the inspection. In actual applications, it is often found that tower crane safety accidents occur due to failure of the safety performance of the auxiliary equipment itself, so the mechanical performance of the auxiliary equipment should be inspected and it can only be used after it passes the inspection.

During the installation work, unified command and clear command signals should be implemented. When the line of sight is blocked or the distance is too far, intercom or multi-level command should be used.

The lifting section of a self-erecting tower crane shall meet the following requirements:

1) The lifting system must be intact;

2) Structural parts must be intact;

3) Before lifting, the lower support of the tower crane and the lifting frame should be reliably connected;

4) Before lifting, ensure that the lifting beam is placed correctly;

5) Before lifting, the tower crane should be leveled; during the lifting process, the balance of the tower crane should be ensured;

6) The order of lifting and adding sections should comply with the provisions of the product manual;

7) During the lifting process, lifting, rotation, and luffing operations should not be performed;

8) After the lifting is completed, the standard section should be reliably connected to the lower slewing support;

9) If a tower crane needs to be attached after adding sections, the sequence should be to install the attachment device first and then lift and add sections. The position of the attachment device and the strength of the supporting points should meet the requirements.

The independent height and cantilever height of the tower crane should comply with the requirements of the product manual.

Installation work is strictly prohibited in rainy, snowy and foggy days. The wind speed at the maximum height of the tower crane during installation should meet the requirements of the product manual and should not exceed 12m/s.

It is not advisable to install tower cranes at night; in special circumstances, when tower crane installation and disassembly operations must be carried out at night, sufficient lighting should be provided.

In special circumstances, when the installation work cannot be carried out continuously, the installed parts must be securely fixed and in a safe state, and the work can only be stopped after inspection and confirmation that there are no hidden dangers.

Electrical equipment should be installed according to the requirements of the product manual, and the power lines used for installation should comply with the requirements of the current industry standard "Technical Specifications for Temporary Electricity Safety at Construction Sites" JGJ46.

The safety devices of tower cranes must be complete and should be debugged and qualified according to the procedures.

The connection parts and their anti-loosening and anti-dropping parts shall meet the specified requirements, and it is strictly forbidden to use other substitutes. The connection parts and their anti-loosening and anti-dropping parts shall use torque wrenches or special tools to tighten the connection bolts so that the pre-tightening torque meets the specified requirements.

1) Equipment installation and disassembly should be carried out during the day. If the progress needs to be accelerated, some simple assembly work can be done at night with good lighting conditions. It should not be carried out in strong winds, dense fog, rain or snow.

2) During the installation and disassembly process, the site must be kept clean and orderly, and no debris should be piled up to avoid hindering the work and affecting safety. Wooden beams must be placed under the metal structure of the equipment to prevent damage to the structure or deformation of the structure.

3) The steel wire rope used for installation and its fixing must comply with the standards and meet the installation requirements.

4) Before assembling or installing components piece by piece, a comprehensive inspection must be carried out on the integrity of each component, the connection condition, the wire rope threading condition, the electrical circuits, etc.

5) When installing or disassembling the tower crane's boom and counter-arm, the crane must always be kept balanced. It is not allowed to interrupt the operation just to install or disassemble one boom (or counter-arm).

6) During the installation and disassembly process, if there is a sudden power outage, mechanical failure, sudden weather change, etc. and the operation cannot continue, or the operation time has reached and a break is required, the installed part of the equipment must be stabilized and securely locked, all structural parts must be firmly connected, and the operation can only be stopped after inspection and confirmation that it is proper.

7) When installing and disassembling, the specified bolts, pins and other connectors should be used, and reliable anti-loosening or protective devices should be provided. The bolts should be tightened with the specified preload. The installation of wire ropes should strictly follow GB5972-2006 "Practical Specifications for Inspection and Retirement of Wire Ropes for Hoisting Machinery".

8) The installation and disassembly procedures, auxiliary equipment, rigging, tools, etc. should comply with the provisions of the machine's instruction manual.

The surface flatness of the equipment foundation, concrete strength, position of embedded parts, drainage ditch settings, etc. should be checked and all should meet the requirements.

The installation position of the foundation section (including horizontal and vertical deviations) is within the allowable range, the bolts are complete, and the tightening complies with regulations.

1) Whether the model of the standard section (referring to the reinforced section) and the installation position comply with the installation regulations of the original manufacturer's instructions, and the preload force of the standard section and foundation section bolts should comply with the technical regulations.

2) The connection between the cab and the slewing bearing should be firm and reliable.

3) The verticality of the tower axis to the supporting surface below the highest attachment point shall not be greater than 2/1000 of the corresponding height; the verticality of the tower axis above the highest attachment point to the supporting surface in the independent or attached state shall not be greater than 4/1000.

1) Whether the connection between the balance arm, the lifting arm and the tower body is tight and reliable, the connecting pin shaft should not move, and the tightness meets the technical requirements.

2) Whether the connections between the balance arm and the lifting arm are tight and reliable, the tightness should comply with technical regulations.

3) Whether guardrails, guard rings and other safety devices are complete, firm and reliable.

4) Check whether the balance arm tie rod is installed correctly, the force is evenly distributed, and the connection is tight in accordance with technical regulations.

5) Whether the weight, installation position and fixation of the counterweight comply with the technical regulations.

6) Check the cab power supply voltage, the value should be 380v±5%.

7) Test run the lifting, boom lengthening, slewing and other working mechanisms, which should be smooth and noise-free, and the braking should be sensitive and reliable.

8) Test various safety limit protection devices, and the operation should be sensitive and reliable.

1) The cotter pins of the tie rod pin shafts of the crane arm and the balance arm must be fully inspected before lifting to prevent missing installation or cotter pins not opening.

2) Check whether the size and dimensions of the cotter pins at the joints of the crane arm, balance arm, tower cap, etc. meet the requirements.

3) Check whether the installation position of the cotter pin meets the requirements.

Inspect and adjust each working mechanism, requiring it to operate correctly, smoothly, without abnormal noise, and have sensitive and reliable braking.

Check that the steel structure of the whole machine is installed correctly without deformation, open welding, cracks, etc. Check the tightness of all connection points, and that the bolts and pins are firm and reliable, and the tightness meets the technical regulations.

Inspect and adjust each safety protection device, requiring the limit action to be accurate, sensitive and reliable.

1) The lifting mechanism has an over-height limit, requiring the safe distance between the hook and the crane arm (or crane trolley) to be no less than 800cm.

2) The front and rear limits of the trolley's amplitude change require that the distance between the outermost end of the lifting trolley and the terminal stop of the track should be no less than 20-30cm.

3) Check the torque protection device and the torque protection accuracy error shall not exceed 5%.

After the above stages and the inspection of the whole machine, fill in the equipment installation self-inspection record.

The major hazards of tower cranes during installation and dismantling mainly include the following aspects:

1) Equipment overturning;

2) Danger of electric shock;

3) Object strike;

4) Falling from a height, etc.

Formulate safety technical measures to address major hazards during the installation and dismantling of tower cranes.

Improve the equipment safety management system, ensure that controls are implemented at every level and that responsibilities are assigned to individuals.

Installation and disassembly operators must hold valid certificates to work, strictly abide by the "Safety Technical Operation Regulations for Tower Cranes", strictly prohibit illegal operations, and conduct safety and technical briefings. A safety and technical briefing meeting must be held before operations, and written records must be kept.

Establish job responsibilities for operators, commanders, installers, maintenance personnel, etc., to ensure clear division of labor and responsibilities.

After the tower crane is installed (or before it is dismantled), on-site technicians organize the main vehicle driver to inspect the key parts of the equipment and correct any problems found in a timely manner.

Lifting operators must understand some basic knowledge of lifting and hoisting work, master the basic skills of lifting and hoisting operations, and be equipped with necessary communication tools, such as walkie-talkies.

Safety measures for high-voltage lines and power supply voltage drops in the tower crane operation area:

1) For high-voltage lines that affect installation and removal, the layout of the high-voltage lines should be changed, or measures should be taken to wrap the high-voltage lines with insulating rubber tubes.

2) After the equipment is installed, its grounding resistance must be measured. Generally, the grounding resistance is required to be <5 ohms; the insulation resistance of the main circuit and control circuit to ground should not be less than 0.5MΩ.

3) During the installation and operation of the tower crane, avoid colliding with high-voltage lines under the influence of the magnetic field.

4) When the installation height exceeds 100m, a secondary power supply line should be set in the middle position, or the cross-sectional area of the transmission cable should be increased to reduce voltage drop and current loss.

Connect the circuit according to the relevant electrical schematic diagram attached to the instruction manual.

Operation under no-load condition can only be carried out after careful inspection and confirmation.

Adjust the height limiter, amplitude limiter and slew limiter as required to make them sensitive and reliable.

Adjust the weight limiter and torque limiter. After debugging, the operator shall not change them at will.

The dismantling operation of tower cranes should be carried out continuously; when special circumstances occur and the dismantling operation cannot continue, measures should be taken to ensure that the tower crane is in a safe state.

When auxiliary lifting equipment used for dismantling operations is set on a building, the setting location and anchoring method should be clearly specified, and the safety of the auxiliary lifting equipment and the bearing capacity of the building should be verified.

Before disassembly, the following items should be checked: main structural parts, connectors, electrical system, lifting mechanism, slewing mechanism, luffing mechanism, jacking mechanism, etc. If hidden dangers are found, measures should be taken and disassembly can only be carried out after they are resolved.

For attached tower cranes, the sequence and method of disassembly of the attachment device should be clearly stated.

Before lowering a self-erecting tower crane each time, the connections between the jacking system and the attachment device should be checked, and operations can only be carried out after confirming that they are in good condition.

When disassembling, the section should be lowered first and then the attachment device should be removed. The free end height of the tower crane should meet the specified requirements.

After the dismantling is completed, all facilities set up for the tower crane dismantling operation should be removed, and the slings, tools and other spare parts and debris used in the operation on the site should be cleared.

Claims (8)

1. The method for installing and dismantling the tower crane is characterized in that: the installation flow of the tower crane is as follows: determining a foundation construction scheme, constructing a concrete foundation, checking and accepting, setting a power source, checking parts and components, installing basic components of a tower crane according to steps, jacking a joint to a permissible free height, anchoring the joint, installing the joint to a required height, measuring grounding resistance and verticality, and debugging the whole machine; the disassembly flow of the tower crane is as follows: checking a disassembly field, checking all parts of a tower crane, preparing disassembly tool materials, compiling a specific disassembly scheme, issuing a disassembly work order, lowering a tower, dismantling a wall attaching device, lowering the minimum allowable height, disassembling all component assemblies by using an automobile crane, listing parts and components, transporting the components out of a field, and stacking the components in a classified mode.

2. The tower crane installation and removal method according to claim 1, wherein: technical inspection key points before installing and detaching the tower crane:

1) Before the start of the mounting and dismounting operation, a comprehensive inspection should be performed;

2) Checking whether the equipment foundation meets the technical requirement or not, leveling the foundation bolts or the equipment foundation sections until the levelness error is less than 1/500, and adjusting the foundation bolts or the equipment foundation sections to be within an allowable range;

3) Carefully inspecting all mechanisms, parts, structural welding lines, important part bolts, pin shafts, hoisting mechanisms, steel wire ropes, lifting hooks, lifting slings, safety limiting devices, electrical equipment and circuits of the equipment, and immediately solving the found problems;

4) Checking a hydraulic cylinder, an oil pipe, a jacking sleeve frame structure, a guide wheel, a jacking block and a stopper of a jacking hydraulic system of the tower crane;

5) Checking a steel wire rope and a braking device of a lifting system of the tower crane, the back of the confirmation is usable without error;

6) The tool, the safety belt and the safety helmet used by the installer are comprehensively checked, and the unqualified person is immediately replaced;

7) Checking auxiliary machinery used in the mounting and dismounting operation, wherein the technical requirement can ensure the requirement of the mounting and dismounting operation;

8) Checking whether the safety commutation field has the safety and disassembly operation conditions or not;

9) Checking whether the setting of the safety supervision post and implementation of the safety measures meet the requirements.

3. The tower crane installation and removal method according to claim 1, wherein: the jacking section of the self-elevating tower crane meets the following requirements:

1) The jacking system must be intact;

2) The structural member must be intact;

3) Before jacking, the lower support of the tower crane is reliably connected with the jacking sleeve frame;

4) Before jacking, the jacking cross beam is ensured to be placed correctly;

5) Before jacking, balancing the tower crane; in the jacking process, the balance of the tower crane is ensured;

6) The sequence of jacking and adding the sections accords with the specification of the product specification;

7) In the jacking process, lifting, turning and amplitude changing operations are not required;

8) After the jacking is finished, the standard joint is reliably connected with the rotary lower support;

9) The tower crane needs to be attached after the joint is added, the attachment device is firstly attached, then the joint is lifted, and the position of the attachment device and the strength of the supporting point meet the requirements.

4. The tower crane installation and removal method according to claim 1, wherein: safety technical control requirements in the mounting and dismounting operation are as follows:

1) The equipment mounting and dismounting operation should be carried out in daytime, if the progress needs to be quickened, some simple assembly operations can be carried out at night with good lighting conditions, and the equipment mounting and dismounting operation cannot be carried out in windy, heavy fog and rainy and snowy weather;

2) In the process of mounting and dismounting operation, the field must be kept clean and orderly, sundries must not be piled up to avoid interference to operation and influence safety, and wood beams must be padded under the metal structure of the equipment to prevent damage to the structure or deformation of the structure;

3) The steel wire rope for mounting and dismounting and the fixing thereof are required to meet the standard and meet the requirements of mounting and dismounting;

4) Before assembling or installing the components piece by piece, the complete inspection of the complete condition, connection condition and wire rope threading condition of each part of the components and the electric circuit is required;

5) When the crane boom and the balance arm of the tower crane are dismounted, the balance of the crane is always kept, and only one crane boom is not allowed to be dismounted, so that the operation is interrupted;

6) In the process of installing and dismantling operation, if power failure, mechanical failure and weather sudden change occur suddenly, the operation cannot be continued, or when the operation time reaches the stop-and-break requirement, the installed part of the equipment must be in a stable state and firmly locked, all structural members are firmly connected, and after checking and confirming that the structural members are good, the operation can be stopped;

7) The bolt and the pin shaft connector are required to be used in mounting and dismounting, and a reliable anti-loosening or protecting device is required, and the bolt is required to meet the preset pretightening force in fastening;

8) The procedures, auxiliary equipment, rigging and tools for the mounting and dismounting operation should be in accordance with the specifications of the machine.

5. The tower crane installation and removal method according to claim 1, wherein: after the standard section and the rotary platform are installed, the important inspection is carried out:

1) Whether the model and the installation position of the standard joint accord with the installation specification of the original factory specification or not, and the pretightening force of bolts of the standard joint and the foundation joint accord with the technical specification;

2) The connection between the cab and the slewing bearing should be firm and reliable;

3) The verticality of the axis of the tower body below the highest attachment point to the supporting surface is less than or equal to 2/1000 of the corresponding height, and the verticality of the axis of the tower body above the highest attachment point in an independent state or an attachment state to the supporting surface is less than or equal to 4/1000.

6. The tower crane installation and removal method according to claim 1, wherein: the balance arm, the crane arm, the balance weight, the braking device and various safety limiting devices of the tower crane should be mainly checked after being installed:

1) Whether the connection among the balance arm, the lifting arm and the tower body is reliable or not, the connecting pin shaft should not have play, and the fastening meets the technical requirements;

2) Whether the connection between each section of the balance arm and each section of the crane arm is reliable or not, and the fastening should meet the technical specification;

3) Safety devices such as guardrails, guard rings and the like are complete, firm and reliable;

4) Whether the balance arm pull rod is installed correctly or not, the stress is even, and the connection and the fastening should meet the technical specification;

5) Whether the weight, the installation position and the fixing condition of the balancing weight accord with technical regulations or not;

6) Detecting the power supply voltage of a cab, wherein the value of the power supply voltage is 380 v+/-5%;

7) Test operation is carried out on the lifting, luffing and rotating working mechanisms, so that the lifting, luffing and rotating working mechanisms are stable, have no abnormal sound, and are sensitive and reliable in braking;

8) Various safety limit protection devices are tested, and the action is sensitive and reliable.

7. The tower crane installation and removal method according to claim 1, wherein: cotter pin inspection:

1) The cotter pins of the pull rod pin shafts of the lifting arm and the balance arm must be comprehensively checked once before hoisting so as to prevent neglected loading or the cotter pins from being opened;

2) Checking whether the size and the dimension of the cotter pin of the pin shaft at the joint of the lifting arm, the balance arm and the tower cap meet the requirements;

3) Checking whether the installation position of the cotter pin meets the requirement.

8. The tower crane installation and removal method according to claim 1, wherein: technical inspection after the whole machine is installed:

each working mechanism is checked and adjusted, so that each mechanism is required to act correctly, stably and without abnormal sound, and the braking is sensitive and reliable;

The steel structure of the whole machine is checked to be correctly installed, deformation, welding and cracks are avoided, the fastening condition of all connection points is checked, the bolts and the pin shafts are firm and reliable, and the fastening meets the technical specifications;

each safety protection device is checked and adjusted, and the limiting action is required to be accurate, sensitive and reliable;

1) The lifting mechanism is ultrahigh in limit, and the safety distance between the lifting hook and the lifting arm is required to be more than or equal to 800cm;

2) The trolley is limited in the front and back of amplitude variation, the trolley is required to be limited in stopping position, and the distance between the outermost end and a rail terminal stop is more than or equal to 20-30cm;

3) Checking the moment protection device, wherein the moment protection precision error is less than or equal to 5%;

after the above stage and the whole machine inspection, the equipment installation self-checking record is filled in.