CN1185852A - Wireless and secure control of electrical equipment - Google Patents

Wireless and secure control of electrical equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1185852A
CN1185852A CN96193933A CN96193933A CN1185852A CN 1185852 A CN1185852 A CN 1185852A CN 96193933 A CN96193933 A CN 96193933A CN 96193933 A CN96193933 A CN 96193933A CN 1185852 A CN1185852 A CN 1185852A
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China
Prior art keywords
communication link
server
control station
data
electric equipment
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CN96193933A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄绳庆
陈国伟
鄞云程
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P-SERV Technology Pte Ltd
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P-SERV Technology Pte Ltd
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Publication of CN1185852A publication Critical patent/CN1185852A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/16—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses
    • G08C19/28—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses using pulse code
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/40—Remote control systems using repeaters, converters, gateways
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/40—Remote control systems using repeaters, converters, gateways
    • G08C2201/41—Remote control of gateways

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A wireless automation system is disclosed including apparatus and method for transfering data between a plurality of electrical equipment or appliances (servers). In the preferred embodiment, multiple servers including those having remote infra-red control mainains wireless communication links with at least one control station for data transmission and reception. These servers in turn are either electrically or optically coupled to electrical equipment or appliances. Data frames having unique device identification are encoded using frequency-shift keying technique before they are send to radio frequency transceiver for modulation into FM signals. The control station has a central processor which converts the digital data from the transceiver into square pulses of their respective frequency before transmitting it to the RF transceiver of the servers. It follows that the present invention transmits and receives data frames between a control station and multiple servers securely by using the same radio frequency without affecting the reliability of the system.

Description

Wireless and the security control of electricity equipment
The present invention relates to electric installation.Particularly, relate to a kind of system that wirelessly controls electric equipment that is used for reaching safely.
No matter they are in office or home environment for traditional electric equipment and device, all are used as the device of independent utility.The appearance of digital technology impelled the device of the added value manufacturer independent utility that these are previous to carry out integrated so that they as intelligence system work, thereby make our life convenient and comfortable.For example, the patent No. a kind of extendible family expenses automatic system that has been 5,086,385 U.S. Patent Publication, it includes a central processing unit that is used for by a plurality of dissimilar device of data bus control man.Make the owner of family can long-rangely turn on and off a plurality of equipment or the device of a plurality of interpolation cards (add-on cards) that are connected to practically on the data bus identical, for example illuminator and/or security system with central processing unit.For example keyboard, touch-screen and/or phone can be controlled this extendible family expenses automatic system to the input media of computer system.
Although first generation family expenses automatic system afford.But it is trouble and time-consuming that equipment that these are different and device are connected to data bus.The personnel that phone meaned this system of uncommitted visit as the input media to this family expenses automatic system can conduct interviews without permitting.
The patent No. is that 5,022,067 United States Patent (USP) has provided a kind of phone security system.It comprises that a long-haul carrier access switch prevents the uncommitted phone input media that has access to, the phone recognition sequence by making this on-off control system request call person number.If this serial number is incorrect, this system arrives it with regard to denied access.And the inquiry/answer dialogue of a coding has been used in this invention between phone and this on-off control system in order to increase safety.
Recently, a kind of wireless home security system of being made up of a control desk and a plurality of sensor has been introduced by X-10 company limited.These sensors are the part of a domestic safety system, for example alarm.Motion detector and door/window sensor.These sensors send radiofrequency signal to control desk, and control desk sends digital signal to start alarm and flashlamp by existing house circuit.Because not needing extra line, this X-10 wireless home security system is the improvement to hard-wired family expenses automatic system.The user only need insert control desk in the existing house circuit can realize its installation.And, because the user needn't specify access code to give distance sensor, needn't remember any complex password, so operation is simpler.
Although it is easy when mounted fast to resemble the domestic safety system of X-10 wireless home security system, not as hard-wired domestic safety system reliable.
As mentioned above, the invention provides a kind of new automatic system of between a plurality of and different electric equipment and device, carrying out radio communication and resource sharing of being used for, the invention provides a kind of economy of not learning as yet in the prior art up to now, reliably and the automatic system of safety.
One object of the present invention has been to provide a kind of be used for wirelessly the controlling a plurality of dissimilar electric equipment and the system of device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of being used for wirelessly and safely to control a plurality of dissimilar electric equipment and the system of device by using same radio frequency.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of response by for example instruction that medium received of cable, optical fiber or wireless channel etc., wirelessly and safely controls a plurality of and dissimilar electric equipment and the system of device.
Disclose a kind of wireless automatic system, include the device and method (server) that is used between a plurality of electric equipment or device, transmitting data.In a preferred embodiment, comprise that a plurality of servers maintenances of the server that these have infrared remote control and the wireless communication link of at least one control station transmit and receive to carry out data.These servers again by electricity or light be coupled to electric equipment or device.Frame with unique device identification is encoded to be used the frequency shift keying technology before being modulated into the FM signal being sent to radio-frequency (RF) transceiver.This control station has a central processing unit, and it will send to from the numerical data of transceiver before the RF transceiver of these servers, and these digital data conversion are become their rect.p.s of frequency separately.Make the present invention by using identical radio frequency safety ground transmission and receiving data frames and do not influence the reliability of system between a control station and a plurality of server.
Controlled in wireless for server with infrared remote control, the invention is characterized in a mode of learning, under this pattern, server carries out conversion and it is compressed in response to detecting pulse-length modulation or the pulse distance modulation signal tentation data form to the instruction that is used to control infrared control device.
Fig. 1 has illustrated one-piece construction of the present invention, and wherein a control station is controlled a plurality of servers by radio frequency.
Fig. 2 is the generalized schematic of control station of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the generalized schematic of AC server of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the generalized schematic of infrared (IR) of the present invention server.
Fig. 5 is the generalized schematic that the server of (WM) is installed on the wall of the present invention.
Fig. 6 A is the logical organization synoptic diagram by the data layout of control station transmission of the present invention.
Fig. 6 B is the time diagram of the encoding scheme that adopts in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
A kind of system that is used for the wireless and security control of electric equipment and device is disclosed.In the following description, for illustrative purposes, concrete numeral, byte, register, address, time, signal and data layout etc. have been provided to provide to thorough of the present invention.But for those skilled in the art, obviously there are not these concrete details can realize the present invention yet.In other cases, for not unnecessarily fuzzy the present invention, known circuit and device are illustrated with the block scheme form.
Fig. 1 has illustrated and has been suitable for realizing a kind of wireless control system 10 of the present invention.The present invention includes at least one control station 20 and at least one server.In the preferred embodiments of the present invention.Control station 20 keep with respectively by the communication link of a plurality of control subsystem of several words 30 to 60 signs.For illustrative purposes, maintenance is referred to as " server " with all control subsystem of the communication link of control station 20 by the concentrated area.How each server connects with this controller face and how this controller will be described in detail below with the details that each server face connects.Not shown in Figure 1 but can understand by those skilled in the art, control station 20 by arbitrary cable by external linkage so that the user of this wireless control system 10 can remotely visit this system.This cable can comprise any shared medium, for example concentric cable, optical fiber, radio channel, telephone line etc.Similarly, electric equipment and/or the device that is connected to these servers is not clearly shown that with fuzzy to expression of the present invention.Those skilled in the art should be appreciated that server 30 is connected to the power supply that electric equipment and/or device to system 10 provide electric energy.By same mark, server 40 quilts (but not shown) optically are connected to and infrared (IR) telepilot associated device and device.Last but not least, server 50-60 be connected to light fixture or similarly equipment to control the intensity level of these equipment.Server 50-60 is mounted on the wall (WM) usually but is not must be like this.They are identified as the WM server.
As being described, the invention provides a kind of new data layout that is used to adopt same radio frequency, wirelessly and safely control the system of at least one control station 20 and a plurality of server 30-60, structure of the present invention and stipulations make the interference minimum of control station, even they are in very near distance mutually.Just becoming at a radio frequency is the period of a rare method, the invention provides a kind ofly to be used for controlling intelligently electric equipment and device and not comprise the economic and simple method of the needs that data are maintained secrecy.In this embodiment, the present invention with 100 watts of outputs in 50-100MHZ work and meet the technical specification 12 of Singtel management board.
Fig. 2 is the generalized schematic of control station 20 of the present invention.This control station 20 comprises a communication interface 70, an information transmission device 80, a display device 85, reaches input media 95, a central processing unit 100, a transceiver 105 and an antenna 110.This communication interface 70 comprises circuit well known in the prior art, logic and software, is used for the detection streamer (not shown) and receives from user's signal and send a signal to the user.For purpose clearly, the physical circuit of unexposed in this manual composition communication interface 70, program and other logic are because the device of defined its function of realization is known in the prior art in present patent application.As mentioned above, the cable that is connected to communication interface 70 can comprise any shared medium, for example concentric cable, optical fiber, radio channel, telephone line etc.
Refer again to Fig. 2, communication interface 70 is connected to massaging device 80, is used for sending the signal from cable to it.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, massaging device 80 is a telephone answer machine, and in other function, the input information of the free mark of its file is play the composite signal of pre-programmed, and the dtmf signal from user's telephone set is decoded.The output of massaging device 80 is one of two signal sources that input to by processor 100, and another signal source is an input media 95.The whole work of processor 100 control control system 10.Processor 100 generates the order that is sent to server 30-60, disposes these servers by giving each server one unique identification code and title, and the integrality of the communication link between test control station 20 and the server 30-60.The output of processor 100 is coupled to the input of transceiver 105, is used for by antenna 110 instruction and data being sent to server 30-60 (not shown).In a preferred embodiment of the invention, processor 100 is the microcontroller TMP87CC20 of Toshiba's production.
Fig. 3 is the generalized schematic of AC server of the present invention.Server 30 comprises a transceiver 120, an antenna 125, a processor 130, a display device 133, a switch 135 and power supply control 140.Transceiver 120 receives from the RF signal of the transceiver 105 of control station 20 by antenna 125 and converts thereof into digital signal, the output of transceiver 120 is provided for processor 130 as input, be used for turning on and off power supply (Fig. 3 is not shown), display device is with the useful information of the state of relevant server 30, for example power connection, communication link test pattern etc. offer the user, switch 135 is connected to processor 130, is used to make the user can manually turn on and off these devices.The output of processor 130 is provided for power supply control 140 as input, is used to control electric equipment and/or device power supply in system 10.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, processor 130 is microcontroller TMP47C202 that Toshiba produces.
Fig. 4 is the generalized schematic of infrared (IR) of the present invention server.Server 40 comprises a transceiver 150, an antenna 155, a processor 160, a display device 163, input media 165, infrared (IR) sensor 170 and an infrared transmitter 180.Transceiver 150 receives from the RF signal of the transceiver 105 of control station 20 by antenna 155 and converts thereof into digital signal.The output of transceiver 150 is provided for processor 160 as input, is used for these infrared signals of living again when being sent instruction by control station 20.Display device is indicated the mode of operation of server 40, for example mode of learning, transmission mode etc. to the user.Further describe as following, processor 160 study, processing, compression and storage are from the infrared signal of IR sensor 170.Input media 165 is connected to processor 160, be used to receive infrared signal from infrared sensor, and record is corresponding to the predetermined programmable function key from the infrared signal of Infrared remote controller, the output of processor 160 is provided for infrared transmitter 180 as input, is used for starting and cancelling the electric equipment and/or the device of system 10.Although unactual illustrating has a trigger in Fig. 4, can allow the infrared server of the long-range use of user.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, processor 160 is microcontroller TMP47C422 that Toshiba produces.
Fig. 5 is the generalized schematic that (WM) server is installed on the wall of the present invention.Server 50 comprises that a transceiver 190, an antenna 195, a processor 200, show that LED203, an input media 205 and power supply control 210, transceiver 190 receive from the RF signal of the transceiver 105 of control station 20 by antenna 195 and convert thereof into digital signal.The output of transceiver 190 is provided for processor 200 as input, is used for turning on and off power supply (Fig. 5 is not shown).Display device is the useful information of the state of relevant server 50, and for example power connection, communication link test pattern and other offer the user.Input media 205 is connected to processor 200.Be used to allow the user can manually turn on and off this device, the output of processor 200 is provided for power supply control 210 as input, is used for controlling power supply or illumination level to system's 10 electric equipment and/or device.
Fig. 6 A is the logical organization by the packet of control station transmission of the present invention, the structure of this packet is one of novel features of the present invention, because it allows the instruction and the safety of data and wireless transmission not to use different radio frequencies to control electric equipment and/or device.More importantly, the structure of this packet and content make the error starting of wireless control system reduce to minimum.Like this, the integrality of this system is reinforced.Referring to Fig. 6 A, the present invention adopts the elementary cell of the data transmission that is known as " packet " 220.Packet 220 comprises a preamble 230, a SYN240, a server ID 250, an operational code 260, an operand 270 and a check and 280.Because these fields relate to the communication between control station 20 and the server 30, their function and effectiveness separately is summarized as follows:
Preamble: wake servers
The beginning of SYN designation data
Server ID identification sender and recipient
The opcode instructions server is done anything
Operand: provide all parameter to carry out the instruction in the control field
Check and: detect the CRC16 check and under error
Referring to Fig. 6 A, control station 20 and arbitrary server 30-60 begin with the preamble of each packet 220 again.This preamble makes server 30-60 and control station 20 synchronised.At the same time, preamble 230 announcement server data will arrive.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this preamble 24 comprises that 24 frames respectively are 9 data.The one or eight most significant digit is the XOR result of eight lowest orders of device ID and owner ID.The server ID field is specified owner ID and device ID.The lowest order of this preamble is this preamble gap.It comprises the rect.p. of two 625HZ frequencies.It is synchronous that the effectiveness in this preamble gap provides word.These servers write data after for example being consecutively detected frequency.This preamble is served the energy of these servers altogether, because these servers only wake up when being requested.If make not receive suitable preamble, these servers can be placed in sleep pattern.
The beginning of SYN field 240 designation datas stream.It comprises 8 real data that are used to have with SYN field model identical, and it will be filled in device by position commonly known in the art and be filled by the another one of logical one.
The server ID field is specified owner ID and device ID.They jointly are called as server ID.This server ID comprises 32: the one 24 5 of following for owner ID are device ID.This owner ID sign sends the owner of data.During plant produced, the given sole owner ID of each owner, who is Data Receiving person to this master unit operative installations ID with announcement server.The user disposes a device ID to each server.Should be appreciated that these servers can have identical device ID.This means that the server with such ID will be activated with identical instruction.
Also in Fig. 6 A, operational code 260 is specified following operational code:
Operational code Operation Narration
$0 Test The communication link of test slave unit
$1 Configuration server Configuration server
$2 Turn-off instruction Cutoff device
$3 Go code Engaging means
Operational code 260 comprises 5: 4 are used for TYPE for 1 of operative position.TYPE specifies these data to be used for carrying out or verifying.These data of one O value indication are just sent first and will be carried out at once.These data of one 1 values indication were before sent and only were used for verifying.But if this server does not receive this past data, this instruction is performed.
Operand field 270 among Fig. 6 A includes and is used to make server undesirably to operate required information.The content of operand field 270 is along with the type of operational code and server and change.Ginseng sees the above table, if operational code is 0 or 1, this operand field is omitted.In other words, if the communication link or the master unit configuration server of master unit test and slave unit, then operand field void value are called out in operation.Also in the aforesaid operations code table,, when promptly turn-offing instruction, have only infrared server 40 to receive following operand 30 when operational code is 2
????SPKEY
4
Operand field 270 also changes during with engaging means in operational code.The content of operand field is fixed against destination server.For AC server 30, this field only comprises the duration.For infrared server, this operand field includes the duration, 5 key words and turn-off key word.Each key word is one 4 bit fields, and the user uses it can start infrared server.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, can provide 5 key words at most.At last, for the WM server, except the duration, also comprise luminance level in this field.Duration is a son field, and it is specified and carries out the duration of connecting order, if the duration has crossed, this device will be turned off.
Check and field 280 are 16 bit wides and the CRC-16 as a result that includes cyclic redundancy check (CRC), CRC-16=X here 16+ X 15+ X 2+ 1.This Potential Slope (batter) is 11,000 000 000 0101.
The technology that use is known as frequency shift keying (FSK) is encoded to the packet among Fig. 6 A 220 by radio frequency and is sent.All numerical datas are being sent to transceiver with before being modulated into the FM signal, they are being encoded into predetermined separately frequency.Before these numerical datas were sent to the RF transceiver, the processor 100 by master unit converted them to their rect.p. of frequency separately.These servers receive from the FSK rect.p. of RF transceiver and are decoded into their logical datas separately.
Fig. 6 B shows the time diagram of the encoding scheme that adopts in a preferred embodiment of the invention.Wherein show the logic high of FSK scheme and low.Except height and hanging down, another frequency representation is arranged by the described preamble gap that is associated with the preamble 230 of packet 220.These three frequencies take 3.125KHZ presentation logic height, 1.25KHZ presentation logic low, and last frequency 625HZ identify this preamble gap.This Transmission bit rate is 312.5bps.
In Fig. 1 and 4, infrared server 40 is controlled electric equipment or device with infrared remote control.The user generally comes starter gear with Infrared remote controller by infrared remote control.Each button on the Infrared remote controller is corresponding to different orders.When pushing a button, produce a pair of order that should button, be sent to a sensor on the device as infrared signal.This infrared server 40 has a plurality of programmable keys and an infrared sensor.Light until LED by pushing a key, this infrared server is placed into mode of learning.This user should point to original remote Infrared remote controller the infrared sensor 170 of the infrared server 40 in Fig. 4.When pushing a button of Infrared remote controller, the infrared server 40 study order relevant with this button.This infrared signal is 40 analyzed by infrared server, compression and storage.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the typical infrared server that is used to control video recorder (VCR) has following key corresponding to order:
Key on the infrared server The order of storage
????1 Rewinding
????2 Stop
????3 Channel 3
????4 Channel 10
????5 Channel 5
????6 Channel 12
????7 TV3
????8 Channel 8
????9 Play
????0 Video recording
????ON Connect VCR
????OFF Turn-off VCR
For example, the user wishes to record down the TV programme on the channel 12.Control station 20 sends orders to infrared server with operating key " ON ", " 6 " and " 0 ".These orders are sent out by radio frequency.When the order that infrared server 40 receives from control station 20, this infrared server is lived again and is sent infrared signal in the storer that formerly has been compressed and has been stored in accordingly infrared server.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this storer is EEPROM.
In the mode of learning of infrared server 40, infrared server responds two basic infrared signal stipulations: (1) pulse distance modulation (PDM) and (2) pulse-length modulation (PWD).In PDM, when the cycle between adjacent pulse transmits was modulated, the constant cycle of a carrier wave in Frame was sent out.In PWM, when cycle of being sent by reality of carrier wave was modulated therein, the cycle between carrier wave transmits kept constant.When infrared server 40 detected arbitrary stipulations, system 10 was provided with a sign and is used to control the suitable compression scheme of use.Same compression scheme is used to PDM and PWM, is consistent because how these send data to a form that installs.Difference is effective bit position.According to making any in two kinds of stipulations, this significance bit is present on the strange or idol position on the nib of the data of storing in institute's assignment ram space.Ratio of compression is 2: 1.Then, the data of compression are stored among the EEPROM.
Although focus on a kind of safely and wirelessly control the system of electric equipment, specifically describe referring to figs. 1 through 6 couples of the present invention, should be understood that these figure only should be looked at as limitation of the invention for illustrative purposes and not.And very clear method of the present invention and device need have practicality to many fields that equipment carries out controlled in wireless.Can reckon with that those skilled in the art can make many variations and remodeling under the prerequisite that does not break away from described the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (22)

1. one kind is used for wireless and controls the system of at least one electric equipment safely, and described system comprises:
One control station has at least one first communication link with a remote user, is used to receive the instruction from it, and described control station sends data in response to the instruction from described remote user; And
At least one server has the second communication link with described control station, is used to receive the data from it, and described server is coupled to described electric equipment by a third communication link, is used for starting or cancelling described electric equipment.
, described user do not damage the security of described system thereby wirelessly and safely controlling described server.
2. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said first communication link transmits with phone.
3. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said first communication link is cancellous.
4. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said control station comprises at least one microprocessor and at least one transmitter.
5. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said data comprise that one is used for identifying uniquely the form of described control station, described server and described equipment.
6. according to the system of claim 5, wherein said form also comprises and is used for not using the contiguous field of controlling described server more than a frequency.
7. according to the system of claim 5, wherein said form also comprises the contiguous field of the integrality that is used to check described second communication link.
8. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said second communication link is wireless.
9. according to the system of claim 7, wherein said second communication link comprises radio frequency.
10. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said server comprises at least one receiver and at least one microprocessor.
11. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said third communication link is infrared.
12. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said third communication link is hard-wired.
13. a system that is used for controlling wirelessly and safely at least one electric equipment, described system comprises:
One control station, has at least one first communication link with a remote user, be used to receive instruction from it, described control station generates data in response to receiving from described remote user's instruction, and described control station also comprises at least one microprocessor, at least one receiver and at least one transmitter that is used to send described data that is used to receive described data; And
At least one server, has second communication link with described control station, be used to receive data from it, described server comprises that also at least one receiver and at least one being used for become the signal that can be distinguished by described electric equipment with the described data conversion from described control station, described server is coupled to described electric equipment by a third communication link, is used for starting or cancelling described electric equipment.
, described user do not damage the security of described system thereby wirelessly and safely controlling described server.
14. according to the system of claim 13, wherein said first communication link transmits with phone.
15. according to the system of claim 13, wherein said first communication link is cancellous.
16. according to the system of claim 13, wherein said data comprise that one is used for identifying uniquely the form of described control station, described server and described equipment.
17. according to the system of claim 16, wherein said form also comprises and is used to control described server and makes the error starting of described system and cancel the contiguous field that reduces to minimum.
18. according to the system of claim 16, wherein said form also comprises the contiguous field of the integrality that is used to check described second communication link.
19. according to the system of claim 13, wherein said second communication link is wireless.
20. according to the system of claim 13, wherein said second communication link comprises radio frequency.
21. according to the system of claim 13, wherein said second communication link is infrared.
22. according to the system of claim 13, wherein said third communication link is hard-wired.
CN96193933A 1995-05-17 1996-05-16 Wireless and secure control of electrical equipment Pending CN1185852A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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SG9500457-8 1995-05-17
SG1995000457A SG45097A1 (en) 1995-05-17 1995-05-17 Wireless and secure control of electrical equipment

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DE (1) DE19681402T1 (en)
SG (1) SG45097A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996036953A1 (en)

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FR2721730B1 (en) * 1994-06-22 1996-08-23 Clifford Holding Ltd Keyboard control unit cooperating with a memory card which makes the unit and the keyboard functional.

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WO1996036953A1 (en) 1996-11-21
DE19681402T1 (en) 1998-06-18
AU5786896A (en) 1996-11-29
SG45097A1 (en) 1998-01-16
JPH11511881A (en) 1999-10-12

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