CN118577065A - Waste gas treatment equipment for stearic acid production and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste gas filtration and purification, in particular to waste gas treatment equipment for stearic acid production and a use method thereof, which comprises a treatment box, a filtration bottom plate arranged at the bottom end of the inside of the treatment box and used for filtering waste gas, and a movable cylinder arranged at the center of the inside of the treatment box, the periphery of one end of the bottom of the treatment box is fixedly provided with an equipment plate through bolts, one side of the bottom of the treatment box is connected with an air inlet pipe penetrating through the equipment plate, and the center of one side of the bottom of the equipment plate, which is positioned at the bottom of the treatment box, is fixedly provided with a recovery box through bolts. According to the invention, the arc movable blocks are used for beating out the granular dust in the holes of the filter bottom plate, the granular dust is brought down by the neutralizing liquid sprayed by the spraying seat, the waste gas is dispersed and contacted with the neutralizing liquid by the first purifying disk and the second purifying disk, the contact area of the neutralizing liquid and the waste gas is enlarged, the waste gas is subjected to neutralization reaction by the liquid films in the holes on the first purifying disk and the second purifying disk, and the neutralization efficiency is improved.

Description

Waste gas treatment equipment for stearic acid production and use method thereof

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of waste gas filtration and neutralization, and in particular to a waste gas treatment device for stearic acid production and a use method thereof.

Background Art

Stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid, is produced by the hydrolysis of oils and fats. It is an important chemical raw material in modern industrial production. As an auxiliary agent and raw material, it is widely used in the manufacture of plastic profiles and films, the synthesis and processing of rubber, and the production of stearate. The waste gas generated during the production of stearic acid is a volatile organic waste gas and also a malodorous gas with complex composition, high concentration, large concentration fluctuations, and high odor concentration. Long-term exposure to this gas environment will seriously affect people's physical and mental health, so the waste gas needs to be treated before it can be discharged into the environment.

The waste gas from stearic acid production is mixed with impurity particles. These impurity particles rise to the filter plate as the waste gas is discharged. As the particles accumulate over the years, the filter plate will be blocked, greatly affecting the subsequent waste gas filtration efficiency. Using a cleaning brush will squeeze the particles into the filter holes when brushing. Since the particles rise to the filter holes with the waste gas, they are not firmly adhered and do not need to be brushed. In addition, the waste gas is relatively short in the subsequent neutralization process, and the contact area between the neutralizing liquid and the waste gas is also relatively low, which results in low neutralization efficiency of the waste gas produced by stearic acid and unstable neutralization effect.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a waste gas treatment device for stearic acid production and a method for using the same.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it includes a treatment box, a filter bottom plate installed at the bottom end of the treatment box for filtering exhaust gas, and a movable cylinder arranged at the center of the treatment box, wherein an equipment plate is fixedly installed at the outer periphery of one end of the bottom of the treatment box by bolts, an air inlet pipe that runs through and moves on the equipment plate is connected to one side of the bottom of the treatment box, a recovery box is fixedly installed at the center of one side of the bottom of the treatment box by bolts on the bottom of the equipment plate, the inner bottom end of the treatment box is fixedly installed with the filter bottom plate by bolts, a first purification disk is fixedly installed at the inner top of the treatment box by bolts, a second purification disk is fixedly installed at the top side of the first purification disk in the treatment box by bolts, the movable cylinder is arranged at the center between the filter bottom plate and the first purification disk in the treatment box, the movable cylinder is installed in the treatment box through a fixed plate at the outer periphery of the middle end, and a movable component is arranged in the movable cylinder, and the movable component includes:

An arc-shaped movable block for knocking the filter bottom plate, a plastic plate with a circular structure is fixedly installed at the top center of the filter bottom plate by bolts, and the arc-shaped movable block moves at the top center of the plastic plate;

The supporting block for the up-and-down movement of the arc-shaped movable block moves in the movable cylinder, and fixed slide grooves are provided at the centers of both ends of the movable cylinder. A fixed slider is slidably connected to the movable cylinder in the fixed slide groove, and the fixed slider is fixed on both sides of the supporting block, and a rack is fixedly installed at the center of one side of the supporting block by bolts;

A movable ring is pushed at the bottom of the first purification disk and the second purification disk, a connecting plate is fixedly installed at the center of the movable ring, movable columns are fixedly installed around the top of the movable ring and at the top center of the connecting plate by bolts, and the movable columns are movable and penetrate the first purification disk and the second purification disk;

A movable groove is provided on one side of the outer side of the movable cylinder, and the rack moves in the movable groove, a half gear is meshed and connected on the rack in the movable groove, a mounting plate is fixedly installed on one side of the outer side of the processing box by bolts, a motor is fixedly installed on the mounting plate by bolts, a spray seat is connected to the top end of the inner part of the processing box through a spray plate, a plurality of spray heads are evenly installed on the bottom of the spray seat by bolts, and the spray seat is located at the inner center of the processing box.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a rotating rod is rotatably connected at the center of the half gear, a first bevel gear is fixedly installed on the rotating rod by bolts on one side of the half gear, a second bevel gear is meshingly connected to one side of the first bevel gear, a rotating shaft is fixedly installed at the output end of the motor, the top end of the rotating shaft extends through the processing box, and the top end of the rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the center of one side of the second bevel gear by bolts.

A conical lower hopper penetrating the equipment plate is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the processing box by bolts, and the bottom of the conical lower hopper is connected to the top center of the recovery box, a plurality of wedge blocks are fixedly installed at one end of the interior of the recovery box by bolts, a baffle is fixedly installed at the other end of the recovery box by bolts, a recovery filter plate is movably arranged on one side of the baffle on the wedge block in the recovery box, and a handle is arranged on the recovery filter plate at the center of one end of the outlet of the recovery box;

A water pump is arranged at the inner bottom end of the recovery box, and a water pipe is connected to the output end of the water pump. The top end of the water pipe extends through the spray seat at the top of the treatment box, and a plurality of air outlet holes are evenly arranged on the top of the treatment box.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a movable bottom plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable cylinder by bolts, a support rod is fixedly installed between the top center of the arc-shaped movable block and the support block by bolts, and the support rod movably passes through a support hole opened at the center of the movable bottom plate.

A telescopic spring is fixedly installed on the top of the movable bottom plate at the outside of the support hole by bolts, the top end of the telescopic spring is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the support block by bolts, and the telescopic spring moves around the periphery of the support rod.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the first purification disk and the second purification disk are both provided with a plurality of limiting holes that match the size and position of the movable columns, and the movable columns are movable through the limiting holes, a connecting rod is fixedly installed at the top center of the support block by bolts, and the top end of the connecting rod is fixedly installed on the bottom center of the connecting plate, the aperture of the first purification disk is larger than the aperture of the second purification disk, and the hole density of the second purification disk is larger than the hole density of the first purification disk, and the holes of the first purification disk and the holes of the second purification disk are staggered, and a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are provided at the outer periphery of both ends of the movable column, and the arc-shaped grooves are movable in the limiting holes.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a method for treating waste gas used in stearic acid production mainly comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Fix the whole treatment box device to the exhaust end of the stearic acid production equipment through the equipment plate, discharge the waste gas to be treated into the treatment box through the air inlet pipe, and perform particle filtration and acid-base neutralization treatment on the waste gas through the alkaline neutralization liquid sprayed from the filter bottom plate and the spray seat;

Step 2: The particles blocked under the filter bottom plate are knocked back and forth in the movable cylinder through the arc-shaped movable block, and the particles are carried out with the acid-base neutralization liquid at the top to avoid stagnation and blockage;

Step 3: Spray the neutralizing liquid through the spray head under the spray seat, and use the spray liquid to contact and neutralize the exhaust gas. The spray liquid stays on the first purification disk and the second purification disk to increase the residence time;

Step 4: The filtered and neutralized waste gas is discharged through the air outlet on the top of the treatment box, and the neutralized liquid enters the recovery box through the conical lower hopper. The impurities are filtered and discharged by the recovery filter plate. The neutralized liquid is recovered through the recovery box for reuse, and the neutralized liquid is sprayed and neutralized by a water pump and a water pipe. The neutralized liquid can be replaced regularly.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

1. The particles in the exhaust gas are filtered and blocked by the filter bottom plate. The arc-shaped movable block moves up and down in the movable cylinder, so that the arc-shaped movable block knocks the plastic plate at the top center of the filter bottom plate at intervals, so that the particles attached to the filter bottom plate are knocked off to avoid blockage. The structure is simple and stable.

2. The particulate dust in the holes of the filter bottom plate is knocked out by the arc-shaped movable block. The particulate dust is taken down by the neutralizing liquid sprayed by the spray seat, and then discharged through the recovery filter plate to centrally treat the particulate dust in the exhaust gas.

3. Neutralize the rising exhaust gas by spraying neutralizing liquid through the spray head under the spray seat. The exhaust gas is dispersed through the first purification disk and the second purification disk to expand the contact area with the neutralizing liquid and the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas is neutralized through the liquid film in the holes of the first purification disk and the second purification disk to improve the neutralization efficiency.

4. Through the interlaced holes between the first purification disk and the second purification disk, the sprayed neutralizing liquid contacts the exhaust gas in the first purification disk and the second purification disk, and the exhaust gas increases the contact time with the neutralizing liquid, so that the exhaust gas continues to rise through the holes of the first purification disk and then enters the second purification disk, so that the exhaust gas neutralization effect is good.

5. The second bevel gear on the rotating shaft is driven by the motor to move, and the meshing of the second bevel gear drives the movement of the first bevel gear. The rotation of the first bevel gear drives the half gear on the rotating rod to drive and rotate. The half gears mesh at intervals to drive the support block on the rack to move in the movable cylinder. The rack cooperates with the telescopic spring to achieve the up and down movement of the support block in the movable cylinder, so that the arc-shaped movable block knocks on the filter bottom plate, and at the same time drives the movable column to move in the first purification disk and the second purification disk.

6. The arc groove on the movable column moves back and forth in the limiting hole, and the neutralizing liquid on the purification plate is quickly discharged when the arc groove enters the limiting hole, avoiding excessive accumulation of neutralizing liquid in the purification plate, which affects the contact area and contact time between the holes on the purification plate and the exhaust gas. The structure is simple and stable.

7. The recovery filter plate in the recovery box is used to separate the particulate impurities and the neutralizing liquid, which is convenient for the subsequent reuse of the neutralizing liquid. The neutralizing liquid enters the spray seat through the water pump and the water pipe, and the recycling effect is good. The recovery filter plate of the recovery box is conveniently replaced and cleaned through the wedge block, baffle and U-shaped handle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the processing box in FIG1 of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the overall bottom structure of FIG2 of the present invention;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the movable cylinder in FIG2 of the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the support block connection structure in FIG5 of the present invention;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first purification disk and the second purification disk in FIG2 of the present invention;

FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the filter base plate in FIG3 of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the recycling box in Figure 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the spray seat in FIG. 2 of the present invention.

Among them: 10, processing box; 11, equipment plate; 12, air inlet pipe; 13, mounting plate; 14, motor; 15, first bevel gear; 16, second bevel gear; 17, rotating shaft; 18, conical lower hopper; 19, air outlet; 20, filter bottom plate; 21, plastic plate; 30, movable cylinder; 31, arc movable block; 32, support block; 33, fixed slide; 34, fixed slider; 35, rack; 36, movable slot; 37, half gear; 38, rotating rod; 39, movable Moving bottom plate; 40, recovery box; 41, spray seat; 42, spray head; 43, wedge block; 44, baffle; 45, recovery filter plate; 46, handle; 47, water pump; 48, water pipe; 49, spray plate; 50, first purification plate; 51, second purification plate; 52, movable ring; 53, connecting plate; 54, movable column; 55, limiting hole; 56, arc groove; 60, support rod; 61, support hole; 62, telescopic spring; 63, connecting rod; 70, fixed plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all. Based on the embodiments in the implementation mode, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

Embodiment: As shown in Figures 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, it includes a treatment box 10, a filter bottom plate 20 installed at the bottom end of the treatment box 10 for filtering exhaust gas, and a movable cylinder 30 arranged at the center of the treatment box 10. The outer periphery of one end of the bottom of the treatment box 10 is fixed with an equipment plate 11 by bolts, so that the treatment box 10 is conveniently installed on the stearic acid processing equipment. One side of the bottom of the treatment box 10 is connected to an intake pipe 12 that runs through the equipment plate 11, and the exhaust gas is connected. The bottom of the equipment plate 11 is fixed at the center of one side of the bottom of the treatment box 10 by bolts. A recovery box 40 is installed, a filter bottom plate 20 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the processing box 10 by bolts to block dust particles in the exhaust gas, a first purification disc 50 is fixedly installed at the top of the processing box 10 by bolts, and a second purification disc 51 is fixedly installed at the top side of the first purification disc 50 in the processing box 10 by bolts, and a movable cylinder 30 is arranged at the center between the filter bottom plate 20 and the first purification disc 50 in the processing box 10, and the movable cylinder 30 is installed in the processing box 10 through a fixed plate 70 on the periphery of the middle end, and a movable component is arranged in the movable cylinder 30, and the movable component includes:

The arc-shaped movable block 31 for knocking the filter bottom plate 20, a plastic plate 21 with a circular structure is fixedly installed at the top center of the filter bottom plate 20 by bolts, and the arc-shaped movable block 31 moves at the top center of the plastic plate 21 to knock the particles under the filter bottom plate 20, so as to facilitate falling off and avoid clogging;

The support block 32 of the arc-shaped movable block 31 moves up and down, and the support block 32 moves in the movable cylinder 30. The centers of both ends of the movable cylinder 30 are provided with fixed slide grooves 33. The movable cylinder 30 is slidably connected with a fixed slider 34 in the fixed slide groove 33. The fixed slider 34 is fixed on both sides of the support block 32, and a rack 35 is fixedly installed at the center of one side of the support block 32 by bolts, so as to achieve intermittent meshing and good reciprocating motion effect.

A movable ring 52 is pushed at the bottom of the first purification disk 50 and the second purification disk 51, and a connecting plate 53 is fixedly installed at the center of the movable ring 52. A movable column 54 is fixedly installed around the top of the movable ring 52 and at the top center of the connecting plate 53 by bolts, and the movable column 54 is movable and penetrates the first purification disk 50 and the second purification disk 51, and the neutralization liquid in the purification disk is discharged regularly to improve the neutralization efficiency;

A movable groove 36 is opened on the outer side of the movable cylinder 30, and the rack 35 moves in the movable groove 36. A half gear 37 is meshed and connected on the rack 35 in the movable groove 36. A mounting plate 13 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the processing box 10 by bolts, and a motor 14 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 13 by bolts. The top of the interior of the processing box 10 is connected to a spray seat 41 through a spray plate 49, and a plurality of spray heads 42 are evenly installed on the bottom of the spray seat 41 by bolts, and the spray seat 41 is located at the inner center of the processing box 10 for spraying and neutralization, thereby avoiding waste of neutralization liquid, saving resources and making neutralization stable.

Referring to Figures 1, 8 and 9, a rotating rod 38 is rotatably connected at the center of the half gear 37, a first bevel gear 15 is fixedly installed on the rotating rod 38 at one side of the half gear 37 by bolts, a second bevel gear 16 is meshingly connected to one side of the first bevel gear 15, a rotating shaft 17 is fixedly installed at the output end of the motor 14, the top end of the rotating shaft 17 extends through the processing box 10, and the top end of the rotating shaft 17 is fixedly installed on the center of one side of the second bevel gear 16 by bolts, meshing transmission, simple and stable structure.

A conical lower hopper 18 penetrating the equipment plate 11 is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the processing box 10 by bolts, and the bottom of the conical lower hopper 18 is connected to the top center of the recovery box 40. A plurality of wedge blocks 43 are fixedly installed at one end of the recovery box 40 by bolts, and a baffle plate 44 is fixedly installed at the other end of the recovery box 40 by bolts. A recovery filter plate 45 is movably provided on the wedge block 43 on one side of the baffle plate 44 in the recovery box 40, and a handle 46 is provided on the recovery filter plate 45 at the center of one end of the outlet of the recovery box 40, so as to facilitate the installation and assembly of the recovery filter plate 45 and achieve a cleaning effect;

A water pump 47 is provided at the bottom of the recovery box 40, and a water pipe 48 is connected to the output end of the water pump 47. The top end of the water pipe 48 extends through the spray seat 41 on the top of the treatment box 10, and a plurality of air outlet holes 19 are evenly arranged on the top of the treatment box 10.

Referring to Figures 2, 3, 5 and 6, a movable bottom plate 39 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable cylinder 30 by bolts, and a support rod 60 is fixedly installed between the top center of the arc-shaped movable block 31 and the support block 32 by bolts. The support rod 60 movably passes through a support hole 61 opened at the center of the movable bottom plate 39.

A telescopic spring 62 is fixedly installed on the top of the movable bottom plate 39 on the outside of the support hole 61 by bolts. The top end of the telescopic spring 62 is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the support block 32 by bolts, and the telescopic spring 62 moves on the outer periphery of the support rod 60. The structure is simple and stable, and the up and down reciprocating motion of the support block 32 in the movable cylinder 30 is realized.

Referring to Figures 1, 4, 7 and 10, the first purification disk 50 and the second purification disk 51 are both provided with a plurality of limiting holes 55 that match the size and position of the movable column 54, and the movable column 54 is movable through the limiting holes 55. A connecting rod 63 is fixedly installed at the top center of the support block 32 by bolts, and the top of the connecting rod 63 is fixedly installed on the bottom center of the connecting plate 53. The aperture of the first purification disk 50 is larger than the aperture of the second purification disk 51, and the hole density of the second purification disk 51 is larger than the hole density of the first purification disk 50. The holes of the first purification disk 50 and the holes of the second purification disk 51 are staggered. A plurality of arc grooves 56 are provided at the outer periphery of both ends of the movable column 54, and the arc grooves 56 are movable in the limiting holes 55, so as to achieve a high efficiency of liquid drainage and avoid the failure of the rising holes of the exhaust gas to discharge the neutralizing liquid in time, resulting in accumulation in the purification disk.

A method for treating waste gas used in stearic acid production mainly comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Fix the entire treatment box 10 device to the exhaust end of the stearic acid production equipment through the bottom plate, discharge the waste gas to be treated into the treatment box 10 through the air inlet pipe 12, and filter the waste gas through the alkaline neutralization liquid sprayed from the filter bottom plate 20 and the spray seat 41 to perform particle filtration and acid-base neutralization treatment;

Step 2: The particles blocked under the filter bottom plate 20 are knocked back and forth in the movable cylinder 30 through the arc-shaped movable block 31, and the particles are taken out with the top acid-base neutralization liquid to avoid staying and clogging;

Step 3: Spray the neutralizing liquid through the spray head 42 under the spray seat 41, and use the spray liquid to contact and neutralize the exhaust gas. The spray liquid stays on the first purification disk 50 and the second purification disk 51 to increase the residence time;

Step 4: The filtered and neutralized waste gas is discharged through the air outlet 19 on the top of the treatment box 10, and the neutralized liquid enters the recovery box 40 through the conical lower hopper 18, and is filtered and discharged by the recovery filter plate 45. The neutralized liquid is recovered through the recovery box 40 for reuse, and the neutralized liquid is circulated and sprayed by the water pump 47 and the water pipe 48, and the neutralized liquid can be replaced regularly.

Working principle: exhaust gas is discharged into the treatment box 10 through the air intake pipe, and the exhaust gas particles are filtered and blocked by the filter bottom plate 20. The first bevel gear 15 is driven to rotate by the motor 14, and the first bevel gear 15 is engaged to drive the second bevel gear 16 to rotate. The rotating rod 38 on the second bevel gear 16 drives the half gear 37 to rotate, and the half gear 37 is engaged to drive the rack 35 on the support block 32 to lift. At this time, the telescopic spring 62 between the support block 32 and the movable bottom plate 39 is in a stretched state. After the support block 32 is lifted, the movable column 54 on the movable ring 52 will be driven by the connecting rod 63 to push out of the limiting hole 55 of the first purification disk 50 and the second purification disk 51, so that the arc groove 56 on the movable column 54 enters the limiting hole 55, and the neutralizing liquid on the first purification disk 50 and the second purification disk 51 is discharged to avoid the accumulation of neutralizing liquid on the purification disk, resulting in low exhaust gas outlet efficiency.

The waste gas is neutralized through the staggered holes on the first purification disk 50 and the second purification disk 51. The neutralized liquid enters the filter bottom plate 20 and drives the particles into the recovery box 40 along with the liquid. The recovery filter plate 45 in the recovery box 40 discharges the particles. The filtered neutralized liquid enters the recovery box 40, and is driven to the spray head 42 under the spray seat 41 by the water pump 47 and the water pipe 48 in the recovery box 40 to achieve recycling. The neutralized liquid is regularly discharged and replaced, and the filtered and neutralized waste gas is discharged into the treatment box 10 through the air outlet 19.

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A waste gas treatment device for stearic acid production, comprising a treatment box (10), a filter bottom plate (20) installed at the bottom end of the treatment box (10) for filtering waste gas, and a movable cylinder (30) arranged at the center of the treatment box (10), characterized in that an equipment plate (11) is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of one end of the bottom of the treatment box (10) by bolts, an air intake pipe (12) penetrating and movable on the equipment plate (11) is connected to one side of the bottom of the treatment box (10), a recovery box (40) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the equipment plate (11) at the center of one side of the bottom of the treatment box (10) by bolts, and the treatment box (10) is provided with a plurality of air intake pipes (12) extending through the equipment plate (11) and extending through the equipment plate (11). The filter bottom plate (20) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the inner part of the treatment box (10) by bolts, the first purification disc (50) is fixedly mounted on the top end of the treatment box (10) by bolts, and the second purification disc (51) is fixedly mounted on the top side of the first purification disc (50) in the treatment box (10) by bolts. The movable cylinder (30) is arranged at the center between the filter bottom plate (20) and the first purification disc (50) in the treatment box (10), and the movable cylinder (30) is installed in the treatment box (10) through a fixing plate (70) at the outer periphery of the middle end. The movable cylinder (30) is provided with a movable component, and the movable component includes: an arc-shaped movable block (31) for striking the filtering bottom plate (20), wherein a plastic plate (21) with a circular structure is fixedly mounted at the top center of the filtering bottom plate (20) by means of bolts, and the arc-shaped movable block (31) moves at the top center of the plastic plate (21); A support block (32) for the up-and-down movement of the arc-shaped movable block (31), the support block (32) is movable in the movable cylinder (30), fixed slide grooves (33) are provided at the centers of both ends of the movable cylinder (30), a fixed slide block (34) is slidably connected to the movable cylinder (30) in the fixed slide groove (33), the fixed slide block (34) is fixed to both sides of the support block (32), and a rack (35) is fixedly installed at the center of one side of the support block (32) by means of bolts; A movable ring (52) is pushed at the bottom of the first purification disk (50) and the second purification disk (51), a connecting plate (53) is fixedly installed at the center of the movable ring (52), and movable columns (54) are fixedly installed at the four sides of the top of the movable ring (52) and the center of the top of the connecting plate (53) by bolts, and the movable columns (54) are movable and penetrate the first purification disk (50) and the second purification disk (51); A movable groove (36) is provided on one side of the outer portion of the movable cylinder (30), and the rack (35) moves in the movable groove (36); a half gear (37) is meshedly connected to the rack (35) in the movable groove (36); a mounting plate (13) is fixedly mounted on one side of the outer portion of the processing box (10) by bolts; a motor (14) is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate (13) by bolts; a spray seat (41) is connected to the top end of the inner portion of the processing box (10) by a spray plate (49); a plurality of spray heads (42) are evenly mounted on the bottom of the spray seat (41) by bolts; and the spray seat (41) is located at the inner center of the processing box (10). 2. A waste gas treatment equipment for stearic acid production according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotating rod (38) is rotatably connected at the center of the half gear (37), and a first bevel gear (15) is fixedly installed on the rotating rod (38) on one side of the half gear (37) by bolts, and a second bevel gear (16) is meshedly connected to one side of the first bevel gear (15), and a rotating shaft (17) is fixedly installed at the output end of the motor (14), and the top end of the rotating shaft (17) extends through the treatment box (10), and the top end of the rotating shaft (17) is fixedly installed on the center of one side of the second bevel gear (16) by bolts. 3. A waste gas treatment device for stearic acid production according to claim 2, characterized in that a conical lower hopper (18) penetrating the equipment plate (11) is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the treatment box (10) by bolts, and the bottom of the conical lower hopper (18) is connected to the top center of the recovery box (40), a plurality of wedge blocks (43) are fixedly installed at one end of the interior of the recovery box (40) by bolts, and a baffle (44) is fixedly installed at the other end of the recovery box (40) by bolts, and a recovery filter plate (45) is movably provided on the wedge block (43) at one side of the baffle (44) in the recovery box (40), and a handle (46) is provided on the recovery filter plate (45) at the center of one end of the outlet of the recovery box (40); A water pump (47) is provided at the bottom end of the recovery box (40), and the output end of the water pump (47) is connected to a water pipe (48). The top end of the water pipe (48) extends through the spray seat (41) at the top of the treatment box (10). A plurality of air outlet holes (19) are evenly arranged on the top of the treatment box (10). 4. A waste gas treatment equipment for stearic acid production according to claim 3, characterized in that a movable bottom plate (39) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable cylinder (30) by bolts, and a support rod (60) is fixedly installed between the top center of the arc-shaped movable block (31) and the support block (32) by bolts, and the support rod (60) is movably inserted into a support hole (61) opened at the center of the movable bottom plate (39). 5. A waste gas treatment equipment for stearic acid production according to claim 4, characterized in that a telescopic spring (62) is fixedly installed on the top of the movable bottom plate (39) on the outside of the support hole (61) by bolts, and the top end of the telescopic spring (62) is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the support block (32) by bolts, and the telescopic spring (62) moves on the periphery of the support rod (60). 6. A waste gas treatment equipment for stearic acid production according to claim 5, characterized in that the first purification plate (50) and the second purification plate (51) are each provided with a plurality of limiting holes (55) that match the size and position of the movable column (54), and the movable column (54) is movable through the limiting holes (55), and a connecting rod (63) is fixedly installed at the center of the top end of the support block (32) by bolts, and the top end of the connecting rod (63) is fixedly installed on the center of the bottom end of the connecting plate (53). 7. A waste gas treatment equipment for stearic acid production according to claim 6, characterized in that the pore size of the first purification disk (50) is larger than the pore size of the second purification disk (51), and the hole density of the second purification disk (51) is larger than the hole density of the first purification disk (50), and the holes of the first purification disk (50) and the holes of the second purification disk (51) are staggered. 8. A waste gas treatment device for stearic acid production according to claim 6, characterized in that a plurality of arc-shaped grooves (56) are provided at the outer periphery of both ends of the movable column (54), and the arc-shaped grooves (56) move in the limiting hole (55). 9. The method for treating waste gas for stearic acid production according to claim 8, characterized in that it mainly comprises the following steps: Step 1: The entire treatment box (10) is fixed to the exhaust end of the stearic acid production equipment through the equipment plate (11), and the waste gas to be treated is discharged into the treatment box (10) through the air inlet pipe (12), and the waste gas is subjected to particle filtration and acid-base neutralization treatment by the alkaline neutralizing liquid sprayed from the filter bottom plate (20) and the spray seat (41); Step 2: The particles blocked under the filter bottom plate (20) are knocked back and forth in the movable cylinder (30) through the arc-shaped movable block (31), and the particles are carried out with the acid-base neutralization liquid at the top to avoid stagnation and clogging; Step 3: spraying the neutralizing liquid through the spray head (42) under the spray seat (41), and utilizing the spray liquid to contact and neutralize the exhaust gas, and the spray liquid stays on the first purification disk (50) and the second purification disk (51) to increase the residence time; Step 4: The filtered and neutralized waste gas is discharged through the air outlet (19) at the top of the treatment box (10), and the neutralized liquid enters the recovery box (40) through the conical lower hopper (18), and is filtered and discharged by the recovery filter plate (45). The neutralized liquid is recovered through the recovery box (40) for reuse, and is circulated and sprayed for neutralization through the water pump (47) and the water pipe (48), and the neutralized liquid can be replaced regularly.