CN118553509A - Transformer with symmetrical noise sources and natural cancellation of common mode noise of power converter - Google Patents

Transformer with symmetrical noise sources and natural cancellation of common mode noise of power converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118553509A
CN118553509A CN202410629301.4A CN202410629301A CN118553509A CN 118553509 A CN118553509 A CN 118553509A CN 202410629301 A CN202410629301 A CN 202410629301A CN 118553509 A CN118553509 A CN 118553509A
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magnetic
winding
transformer
symmetrical
power converter
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CN202410629301.4A
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CN118553509B (en
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周闯
张方华
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
    • H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，包括：磁芯和绕组，磁芯形状对称且环绕每一匝绕组左、右半匝的磁通相等，绕组绕制在磁芯的两个内侧磁柱上，每层绕制单匝或多匝绕组，绕组的总层数为偶数层2n，绕组布局关于磁芯镜像对称。本发明无需在变压器中添加额外的组件，在不影响变压器电气性能的基础上，使用本发明中的变压器可使变换器的共模噪声下降20dBμV以上。

The present invention discloses a transformer for naturally canceling common-mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources, comprising: a magnetic core and a winding, wherein the magnetic core is symmetrical in shape and the magnetic fluxes around the left and right half turns of each winding are equal, the winding is wound on two inner magnetic columns of the magnetic core, each layer is wound with a single turn or multiple turns, the total number of layers of the winding is an even number of layers 2n, and the winding layout is mirror-symmetrical about the magnetic core. The present invention does not require the addition of additional components to the transformer, and the use of the transformer in the present invention can reduce the common-mode noise of the converter by more than 20dBμV without affecting the electrical performance of the transformer.

Description

Transformer with symmetrical noise sources and natural cancellation of common mode noise of power converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrician, in particular to a transformer for naturally canceling common-mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources.
Background
Push-pull and full-bridge LLC resonant converters are widely applied to various fields such as aerospace, electric vehicles, server power supplies and the like due to the advantages of high efficiency, high power density and the like. Under the development trend of high frequency and miniaturization, the wide-bandgap semiconductor switching device and the planar integrated matrix transformer are increasingly applied to push-pull full-bridge LLC resonant converters. However, the fast switching action and the large parasitic capacitance between primary and secondary windings lead to serious common mode noise problems. The common mode filter is a common noise suppression means, but the excessively high original common mode noise of the converter leads to a large filter volume, which severely limits the improvement of the power density of the converter. If the original common-mode noise of the converter is suppressed from the noise transmission path, the volume pressure of the filter can be greatly reduced. The transformer is used as an important component on the common mode noise transmission path, so that the original common mode noise can be reduced from the transformer, the volume of the common mode filter is reduced, and the power density of the transformer is improved.
For transformers, common noise reduction measures include the use of shielding layers, balancing or counteracting windings, adding compensation capacitors, equipotential arrangements of primary and secondary windings, and the like. However, these methods have certain drawbacks, such as the shielding layer, shielding or counteracting windings increase the volume of the transformer, resulting in certain eddy current losses. The tolerance and self-characteristics of the compensation capacitor are high, and it is difficult to directly find a proper capacitance. Equipotential winding arrangements are not suitable for applications where the turns are relatively large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a transformer with symmetrical noise sources and which is used for naturally counteracting common mode noise of a power converter, wherein no additional component is added in the transformer, and the common mode noise of the transformer can be reduced by more than 20dB mu V by using the transformer on the basis of not affecting the electrical performance of the transformer.
In order to solve the technical problem, the present invention provides a transformer for natural cancellation of common mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources, comprising: the magnetic core and the windings are symmetrical in shape, magnetic fluxes around the left half turn and the right half turn of each turn of winding are equal, the windings are wound on a center post of the magnetic core, each layer of winding is wound with a single turn or a plurality of turns, the total number of layers of windings is an even number of layers 2n, and the winding layout is in mirror symmetry with respect to the magnetic core.
Preferably, the windings are flat copper wire windings or PCB traces.
Preferably, the core shape is symmetrical left and right and the magnetic flux in the core is symmetrically distributed about the left and right half turns of each turn of the winding.
Preferably, the magnetic core comprises an upper magnetic plate and a lower magnetic plate connected with the four magnetic columns, and the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate have the same length, width and height.
Preferably, the four magnetic poles include two inner magnetic poles for winding and two outer magnetic poles for shunting magnetic flux, and the cross-sectional area of the outer magnetic poles is the same as that of the upper and lower magnetic plates and is half of that of the inner magnetic poles.
Preferably, the upper magnetic plate and the four magnetic columns are provided with air gaps with the same length, a longitudinal air gap is arranged in the middle of the upper magnetic plate, the length of the air gap is twice that of the air gap between the upper magnetic plate and the four magnetic columns, and the window area between the outer magnetic column and the inner magnetic column is half of that between the two inner magnetic columns.
Preferably, the primary windings wound on the same inner magnetic pole are connected in series, the primary windings wound on the two inner magnetic poles are connected in parallel, the windings on the two inner magnetic poles are opposite in winding direction, and the windings are mirror symmetrical with respect to the middle of the magnetic core.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention does not need any extra components, and does not cause the increase of the volume and the cost and the performance reduction of the transformer; the design of the symmetrical transformer can be realized accurately, the natural cancellation of common mode noise of the push-pull resonant converter and the full-bridge resonant converter is facilitated, the design pressure of a common mode filter is reduced, and the power density of the converter is improved; the winding structure is simple, the upper n layers can be turned over to obtain the lower n layers, and the manufacturing cost is saved; the magnetic core is provided with a plurality of distributed air gaps, so that the alternating current loss of the transformer winding can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a symmetrical integrated matrix transformer core and winding layout according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph comparing common mode noise of a full-bridge LLC resonant converter using a conventional integrated matrix transformer with a symmetrical integrated matrix transformer as proposed in the present invention.
Detailed Description
A transformer for natural cancellation of common mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources, comprising: the magnetic core and the windings are symmetrical in shape, the magnetic fluxes around the left half turn and the right half turn of each turn of the windings are equal, the windings are wound on two inner magnetic columns of the magnetic core, each layer of windings is wound with a single turn or a plurality of turns, the total number of layers of the windings is an even number of layers 2n, and the winding layout is in mirror symmetry with the magnetic core.
As shown in fig. 1, the magnetic core of the symmetrical integrated matrix transformer provided by the invention is symmetrical left and right, and magnetic flux in the magnetic core is symmetrically distributed about the left half turn and the right half turn of each turn of winding. The magnetic core comprises an inner magnetic column and an outer magnetic column, and an upper magnetic plate and a lower magnetic plate. The four magnetic columns are connected with the lower magnetic plate, wherein the thickness of the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate and the width of the two outer magnetic columns are w, and the width of the two inner magnetic columns is 2w. The upper and lower magnetic plates have the same length, width and height. An air gap l with the same length exists between the four magnetic columns and the upper magnetic plate. A longitudinal air gap is arranged in the middle of the upper magnetic plate, and the length of the air gap is 2l. The longitudinal sectional area of the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate is the same as the sectional area of the outer magnetic columns 1 and 2, and is half of the sectional area of the inner magnetic column. The area of the magnetic core window 1 and the area of the window 3 between the outer magnetic pole and the inner magnetic pole are the same, and the area of the magnetic core window 2 between the two inner magnetic poles is half. The windings are respectively wound on two inner side magnetic columns of the magnetic core, the total number of layers of the windings on each magnetic column is 4, and each layer can be wound with a single-turn or multi-turn winding. The first layer winding and the second layer winding on each inner magnetic column are turned 180 degrees along the black dotted line to obtain a third layer winding and a fourth layer winding. The primary windings wound on the same inner magnetic column are connected in series, and the primary windings wound on the two inner magnetic columns are connected in parallel. The windings on the two inner magnetic columns are oppositely wound and mirror symmetric about the red dashed line.
As shown in fig. 2, compared with the conventional integrated matrix transformer, the common mode noise of the full-bridge LLC resonant converter using the symmetrical integrated matrix transformer proposed in the present invention has a drop of more than 20dB μv in the low frequency band and a drop of 3 to 6dB μv in the high frequency band.

Claims (8)

1.一种噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，其特征在于，包括：磁芯和绕组，磁芯形状对称且环绕每一匝绕组左、右半匝的磁通相等，绕组绕制在磁芯的两个内侧磁柱上，每层绕制单匝或多匝绕组，绕组的总层数为偶数层2n，绕组布局关于磁芯镜像对称。1. A transformer with symmetrical noise sources and natural cancellation of common-mode noise of a power converter, characterized in that it comprises: a magnetic core and a winding, the magnetic core is symmetrical in shape and the magnetic flux around the left and right half turns of each turn of the winding is equal, the winding is wound on the two inner magnetic columns of the magnetic core, each layer is wound with a single turn or multiple turns of winding, the total number of layers of the winding is an even number of layers 2n, and the winding layout is mirror-symmetric about the magnetic core. 2.如权利要求1所述的噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，其特征在于，绕组为扁平铜线绕组。2. The transformer for naturally canceling common-mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the winding is a flat copper wire winding. 3.如权利要求1所述的噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，其特征在于，绕组为PCB走线。3. The transformer for naturally canceling common-mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the winding is a PCB trace. 4.如权利要求1所述的噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，其特征在于，磁芯形状左、右对称且磁芯中磁通关于每匝绕组的左、右半匝对称分布。4. The transformer for naturally canceling common-mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the shape of the magnetic core is symmetrical in the left and right directions and the magnetic flux in the magnetic core is symmetrically distributed about the left and right half turns of each winding. 5.如权利要求1所述的噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，其特征在于，磁芯包括上磁板和连接四个磁柱的下磁板，上磁板与下磁板有着相同的长、宽和高。5. The transformer for naturally canceling common-mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the magnetic core includes an upper magnetic plate and a lower magnetic plate connecting four magnetic columns, and the upper magnetic plate and the lower magnetic plate have the same length, width and height. 6.如权利要求5所述的噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，其特征在于，四个磁柱包括两个用于绕线的内侧磁柱和两个用于分流磁通的外侧磁柱，外侧磁柱的截面积与上、下磁板的截面积相同，且为内侧磁柱截面积的一半。6. A transformer with symmetrical noise sources and natural common-mode noise cancellation for a power converter as described in claim 5, characterized in that the four magnetic columns include two inner magnetic columns for winding and two outer magnetic columns for shunting magnetic flux, and the cross-sectional area of the outer magnetic columns is the same as the cross-sectional area of the upper and lower magnetic plates, and is half of the cross-sectional area of the inner magnetic columns. 7.如权利要求6所述的噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，其特征在于，上磁板与四个磁柱之间有着相同长度的气隙，上磁板中间开有一个纵向气隙，且气隙长度为上磁板与四个磁柱之间气隙长度的二倍，外侧磁柱与内侧磁柱之间的窗口面积为两个内侧磁柱之间窗口面积的一半。7. A transformer with symmetrical noise source and natural common-mode noise cancellation of a power converter as described in claim 6, characterized in that there are air gaps of the same length between the upper magnetic plate and the four magnetic pillars, a longitudinal air gap is opened in the middle of the upper magnetic plate, and the length of the air gap is twice the length of the air gap between the upper magnetic plate and the four magnetic pillars, and the window area between the outer magnetic pillar and the inner magnetic pillar is half the window area between the two inner magnetic pillars. 8.如权利要求1所述的噪声源对称的功率变换器共模噪声自然抵消的变压器，其特征在于，绕制在同一个内侧磁柱上的原边绕组互相串联，绕制在两个内侧磁柱上的原边绕组相互并联，两个内侧磁柱上的绕组绕向相反，且关于磁芯的中间镜像对称。8. The transformer for naturally canceling common-mode noise of a power converter with symmetrical noise sources as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the primary windings wound on the same inner magnetic column are connected in series with each other, the primary windings wound on two inner magnetic columns are connected in parallel with each other, the windings on the two inner magnetic columns are wound in opposite directions, and are symmetrical about the middle mirror image of the magnetic core.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4853668A (en) * 1987-12-23 1989-08-01 Bloom Gordon E Integrated magnetic converter core
CN204651149U (en) * 2015-06-01 2015-09-16 蓉中电气设备有限公司 The dry-type transformer that a kind of tool winding wire material use quantity is few
CN111180177A (en) * 2020-01-07 2020-05-19 南京航空航天大学 Method for eliminating shielding winding multipoint grounding common mode noise of multi-winding overlapping winding high-frequency transformer
CN115588550A (en) * 2022-09-30 2023-01-10 南京航空航天大学 a core structure

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4853668A (en) * 1987-12-23 1989-08-01 Bloom Gordon E Integrated magnetic converter core
CN204651149U (en) * 2015-06-01 2015-09-16 蓉中电气设备有限公司 The dry-type transformer that a kind of tool winding wire material use quantity is few
CN111180177A (en) * 2020-01-07 2020-05-19 南京航空航天大学 Method for eliminating shielding winding multipoint grounding common mode noise of multi-winding overlapping winding high-frequency transformer
CN115588550A (en) * 2022-09-30 2023-01-10 南京航空航天大学 a core structure

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
赵修科;: "第4讲 线圈", 电源技术应用, no. 10, 15 October 2007 (2007-10-15), pages 45 - 52 *

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