CN118542222A - Automatic agricultural irrigation method and system based on Internet of things - Google Patents
Automatic agricultural irrigation method and system based on Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- CN118542222A CN118542222A CN202410677569.5A CN202410677569A CN118542222A CN 118542222 A CN118542222 A CN 118542222A CN 202410677569 A CN202410677569 A CN 202410677569A CN 118542222 A CN118542222 A CN 118542222A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic agricultural irrigation method and system based on the Internet of things, and relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation. The method comprises the following steps: monitoring the agricultural irrigation environment in real time and acquiring environmental data and crop data; processing and analyzing the environmental data and the crop data and generating an irrigation strategy; generating control instructions based on the irrigation strategy and controlling irrigation equipment to perform agricultural irrigation by the control instructions; acquiring and analyzing historical irrigation data to generate an adaptive strategy; and carrying out self-adaptive adjustment according to the self-adaptive strategy to optimize the irrigation strategy. According to the method, the environment data and the crop data are acquired and analyzed to generate the irrigation strategy, so that the irrigation efficiency and yield of agriculture are improved, and the resource waste is reduced; network transmission is also carried out by combining the ZigBee technology and the LoRaWAN technology so as to ensure the reliability and stability of data; the power supply of irrigation is also ensured by converting natural resources into electrical energy by means of an energy conversion system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, and particularly relates to an automatic agricultural irrigation method and system based on the Internet of things.
Background
Agricultural irrigation refers to the use of water resources in agricultural production, and water and fertilizer are introduced into farmlands/farmlands for irrigation by manual means so as to meet the growth requirements of crops. However, the existing agricultural irrigation cannot finely control water resources, fertilizers and other nutrient substances, and cannot consider various environmental factors such as soil, illumination, temperature and humidity, so that the existing agricultural irrigation has various problems such as low resource utilization rate, low crop yield, low irrigation efficiency and the like.
With the rapid development of the Internet of things, the agricultural irrigation integrated with the Internet of things technology also realizes large spanning, and the Internet of things technology can bring intelligent control to the agricultural irrigation, so that the efficiency and economic benefits of the agricultural irrigation are improved from multiple aspects. However, agricultural irrigation with the internet of things still has a plurality of problems due to technical limitations, for example: the incomplete monitoring and analysis of agricultural environment data can not control the growth of crops more finely, the inaccurate control of water and fertilizer and medication can not lead to the crop yield reaching expectations, the waste of resources is increased, the natural resources such as solar energy and wind energy can not be effectively utilized to ensure the supply of electric power and improve the crop yield, and the safety and the stability of an agricultural irrigation system are challenged and the irrigation efficiency is influenced because the data of the Internet of things are leaked/tampered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic agricultural irrigation method and system based on the Internet of things, which are used for obtaining environmental data and crop data and analyzing the environmental data and the crop data to generate an irrigation strategy, so that the irrigation efficiency of agriculture is improved, the resource waste is reduced, and the yield is improved; network transmission is carried out by adopting a mode of combining ZigBee and LoRaWAN technologies so as to ensure reliable transmission and stability of data; the power supply of irrigation is also ensured by converting natural resources into electrical energy by means of an energy conversion system.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an automated agricultural irrigation method based on the internet of things, including the following steps:
monitoring the agricultural irrigation environment in real time and acquiring environmental data and crop data;
processing and analyzing the environmental data and the crop data and generating an irrigation strategy;
Generating control instructions based on the irrigation strategy and controlling irrigation equipment to perform agricultural irrigation by the control instructions;
acquiring and analyzing historical irrigation data to generate an adaptive strategy;
Performing self-adaptive adjustment according to the self-adaptive strategy to optimize the irrigation strategy;
Wherein the environmental data includes soil conditions, meteorological conditions, irrigation conditions, and equipment conditions;
the crop data includes growth conditions, growth factors, and growth conditions;
generating the irrigation strategy, comprising the steps of:
establishing a first relation between the soil condition and the crop data;
establishing a second relation between the meteorological conditions and the crop data;
Establishing a third relation according to the first relation and the second relation;
Generating an irrigation strategy according to the third relation;
wherein the third relation is expressed as: w=w 1+W2;
Wherein W represents the total irrigation water and fertilizer amount required by crop growth; w 1 represents the first irrigation water and fertilizer amount; w 2 represents the second irrigation water and fertilizer quantity.
Preferably, the soil conditions include salinization degree, water content, water holding capacity and soil fertility; the meteorological conditions comprise temperature, humidity, illumination, geographic data and meteorological data; the irrigation conditions include water level, water quantity, water quality and plant diseases and insect pests; the equipment conditions comprise irrigation equipment, running state and ageing degree;
Wherein the geographic data comprises longitude and latitude, altitude and topography features of an agricultural irrigation environment; the meteorological data comprise precipitation, sunshine hours, weather phenomena, four-season changes and wind direction and wind speed.
Preferably, in the crop data, the growth conditions represent growth requirements necessary for growth of the crop, including water demand, fertilizer demand, light demand, soil property demand, water quality demand, planting time and climate environment; the growth factors represent nutrient elements necessary for the growth process of crops, including nitrogen element, phosphorus element, potassium element, iron element and zinc element; the growth conditions represent the growth state exhibited by the crop at the different growth stages.
Preferably, the agricultural irrigation environment is monitored in real time, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Deploying a variety of sensors around the agricultural irrigation environment, including environmental sensors and crop sensors;
establishing a first sensor network node by adopting Zi gBee technology;
Deploying a LoRaWAN gateway at a peripheral/central location of an agricultural irrigation environment;
establishing a second sensor network node by adopting LoRaWAN technology;
Establishing a remote control end comprising a cloud server/a local control center;
wherein, the first sensor network node and the second sensor network node establish network connection; the second sensor network node establishes network connection with the remote control end;
The first sensor network node is used for monitoring and collecting data;
The second sensor network node is used for receiving the data sent by the first sensor network node and transmitting the data to the remote control end through the LoRaWAN protocol;
The remote control end is used for receiving and processing data from the second sensor network node, and analyzing and storing the data;
The environment sensor comprises a salinization sensor, a water content sensor, a water holdup sensor, a soil fertilizer sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an illumination sensor, a water level sensor, a water quantity sensor, a water quality sensor and a rain gauge;
the crop sensor includes a nutrient element sensor and a growth state sensor.
Preferably, a multi-protocol gateway processor is adopted as an intermediate node between the first sensor network node and the second sensor network node, and comprises a protocol conversion layer, a protocol support layer and a data processing layer;
the protocol conversion layer is used for converting a protocol adopted by the ZigBee and the LoRaWAN into a unified communication format;
The protocol support layer has the capability of supporting Zi gBee protocols and LoRaWAN protocols;
the data processing layer is used for receiving and forwarding data;
The protocol support layer comprises a data transmission protocol frame format and a node authentication encryption transmission mechanism;
The data transmission protocol frame format is used for carrying out unified addressing on all nodes, setting a destination address as a unified address, and the communication frame format is as follows: frame header: 2 bytes; ACK acknowledgement bit: 1 byte; source address: 8 bytes; destination address: 2 bytes; data type: 1 byte; data: 2 bytes; CRC check: 1 byte;
The node authentication encryption transmission mechanism is used for identifying the identity of the network node and establishing a secure channel by using a digital signature mechanism which is prevented from being repudiated by both parties; the system is also used for encrypting by adopting a symmetric encryption technology on the basis of identity authentication, and storing a key by adopting a key pre-storing mechanism;
the key pre-storing mechanism specifically comprises the following steps:
Pre-storing an initial key in the node;
storing a backup of initial keys of all nodes in a base station of the network;
when the network encrypts data, the node and the base station encrypt and decrypt the data by using the keys stored in the node and the base station respectively;
The random number is used as a random step length in the encryption and decryption processes, and is used for controlling the step length condition of data displacement in the encryption process.
Preferably, the energy conversion system and the power supply system are used for providing power support for equipment in agricultural irrigation, and the method comprises the following steps:
Solar energy is acquired and converted into first electric energy through the energy conversion system;
Acquiring heat energy and dividing the heat energy into first heat energy and second heat energy, storing the first heat energy and converting the second heat energy into second electric energy through the energy conversion system;
Wind energy is acquired and converted into third electric energy through the energy conversion system;
Storing the first electrical energy, the second electrical energy and the third electrical energy;
Judging the stability of the power supply system, and if the power supply is stable, taking the first electric energy as a supplementary energy source of the power supply system; if the power supply is unstable, the second electric energy and/or the third electric energy are/is used as supplementary energy sources of the power supply system;
the energy conversion system is constructed based on the meteorological conditions and comprises a solar energy subsystem, a thermal energy subsystem and a wind energy subsystem;
the solar subsystem is associated with illumination, sunshine hours and geographic data and is used for converting solar energy into electric energy;
The heat energy subsystem is associated with temperature, illumination and geographic data and is used for storing heat energy and converting the heat energy into electric energy;
the wind energy subsystem is associated with wind direction and wind speed and geographic data and is used for converting wind energy into electric energy;
Judging the temperature difference of the current agricultural irrigation environment according to the meteorological data, and providing heat energy for the agricultural irrigation environment by releasing the first heat energy if the temperature difference is larger than a set temperature difference threshold value;
the temperature difference threshold is set based on historical temperature difference data and crop growth conditions.
Preferably, the judging of the stability of the power supply system specifically includes:
judging voltage fluctuation of each node in the power supply system, and judging that the power supply system is unstable if the voltage fluctuation exceeds a set voltage range;
judging the frequency change of the power supply system, and judging that the power supply system is unstable if the frequency change exceeds a set frequency range;
Judging the power balance among all loads in the power supply system, and judging that the power supply system is unstable if overload or underload occurs;
and otherwise, judging that the power supply system is stable.
Preferably, the first relation is expressed as:
W1＝P*h(H-(H0+H1+H2))；
Wherein W 1 represents the first irrigation water and fertilizer amount; p represents the growth state of crops; h () represents a mapping function of soil conditions and crop growth conditions; h represents the salinization degree of the soil; h 0 represents the soil moisture content; h 1 represents soil water holding rate; h 2 represents soil fertility.
Preferably, the second relational expression is expressed as:
W2＝P*f((F+F')-(F0+F1+F2))；
Wherein W 2 represents the second irrigation water and fertilizer amount; p represents the growth state of crops; f () represents a mapping function of meteorological conditions and crop growth conditions; f represents meteorological data; f' represents geographic data; f 0 represents a temperature; f 1 represents humidity; f 2 represents illumination.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the application provides an automated agricultural irrigation system based on the internet of things, which comprises a sensor module, a data communication module, a central control module, a self-adaptive optimization module and an energy conversion module;
The sensor module is used for deploying a plurality of sensors and monitoring the agricultural irrigation environment in real time so as to acquire environmental data and crop data;
the data communication module is used for establishing a data transmission channel and encrypting network connection;
The central control module is used for processing and analyzing the environmental data and the crop data and generating an irrigation strategy; generating control instructions based on the irrigation strategy and controlling irrigation equipment to perform agricultural irrigation by the control instructions;
the self-adaptive optimization module is used for acquiring and analyzing historical irrigation data to generate a self-adaptive strategy, and carrying out self-adaptive adjustment according to the self-adaptive strategy to optimize the irrigation strategy;
The energy conversion module is used for converting solar energy, wind energy and heat energy into electric energy and providing electric power support for equipment in agricultural irrigation;
Wherein the environmental data includes soil conditions, meteorological conditions, irrigation conditions, and equipment conditions;
the crop data includes growth conditions, growth factors, and growth conditions;
generating the irrigation strategy, comprising the steps of:
establishing a first relation between the soil condition and the crop data;
establishing a second relation between the meteorological conditions and the crop data;
Establishing a third relation according to the first relation and the second relation;
and generating an irrigation strategy according to the third relation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Firstly, monitoring the agricultural irrigation environment in real time through monitoring equipment and acquiring environmental data and crop data; then, carrying out data processing and data analysis on the data to obtain an analysis result, and generating an irrigation strategy according to the analysis result; generating a control instruction based on the irrigation strategy, and controlling irrigation equipment to perform agricultural irrigation according to the control instruction; finally, historical irrigation data are acquired and analyzed to generate an adaptive strategy, and the adaptive strategy is adjusted in a self-adaptive mode to optimize the irrigation strategy. According to the invention, an irrigation strategy for controlling agricultural irrigation is generated by acquiring the environmental data and the crop data and analyzing important conditions affecting the growth of crops and the relation and the influence degree between the conditions and the crops; the irrigation strategy comprises a plurality of influencing factors influencing agricultural irrigation, so that the irrigation accuracy can be greatly improved by controlling the irrigation equipment through the irrigation strategy, and all necessary and optimal growing environments required by crop growth are met by controlling water consumption, fertilization and the like, so that the irrigation efficiency of agriculture is improved, the resource waste is reduced, and the yield of crops is improved.
(2) According to the invention, network transmission is carried out in agricultural irrigation by adopting a mode of combining ZigBee technology and LoRaWAN technology, wherein Zi gBee technology is used for carrying out short-distance wireless communication, and LoRaWAN technology is used for carrying out long-distance wireless communication, and the combination of the two technologies can realize data transmission coverage in agriculture or between farms and can also be suitable for various distance requirements; on the other hand, the LoRaWAN technology has higher anti-interference capability and signal penetration capability, is suitable for complex agricultural environments, can establish a more robust network in a local range by combining the ZigBee technology, and ensures the reliable transmission and stability of data, thereby realizing flexible, efficient and low-cost intelligent irrigation management and providing better communication support for agricultural production.
(3) The multi-protocol gateway processor is used as an intermediate node of the first sensor network node and the second sensor network node and is used for providing data conversion and transmission between the ZigBee and the LoRaWAN, supporting the protocols adopted by the two technologies, allowing the heterogeneous nodes to communicate so as to complete conversion among different protocols, supporting bidirectional transparent transmission among the heterogeneous nodes, enabling data conversion to be quicker, and solving the problems of data congestion and untimely conversion; the identity of the network node is identified by establishing a node authentication encryption transmission mechanism, a secure channel is established by using a digital signature mechanism which is prevented from being repudiated by both parties, the security of data is enhanced by the identity authentication of the network node, and the integrity and the identity authentication of the data can be effectively verified by the digital signature mechanism which is prevented from being repudiated by both parties, so that the sent or received data cannot be repudiated by both parties in the interaction process; the symmetric encryption technology is adopted to encrypt on the basis of identity authentication, and the symmetric encryption technology uses the same secret key in the encryption and decryption processes, is mutually inverse operation, has less expenditure compared with other encryption algorithms, and is more suitable for the application of the sensor in the embodiment; the key is stored by adopting a key pre-storing mechanism, the risk of leakage of the key in network transmission is greatly reduced, and a random number is adopted as a random step length in the encryption and decryption processes, so that the encryption algorithm becomes a variable operation, the difficulty of the algorithm in cracking is increased, and the safety of data is improved.
(4) According to the invention, an energy conversion system such as solar energy, heat energy and wind energy is adopted in agricultural irrigation, natural resources such as the acquired solar energy, heat energy and wind energy are converted into electric energy for storage, and the electric energy is provided as standby energy when the power supply system of the agricultural irrigation is insufficient, so that the irrigation equipment and the Internet of things equipment can be ensured to normally operate without being influenced by power failure; on the other hand, the invention also divides the heat energy into two parts, one part is used for converting into electric energy, the other part is used for storing, and when the temperature difference (temperature change) of the current agricultural irrigation environment is larger than the set temperature difference threshold value, the first heat energy is released to provide heat energy for the agricultural irrigation environment, so that the growth of crops is ensured not to be influenced by the temperature change; therefore, the energy conversion system is utilized to convert natural resources into electric energy and further ensure irrigation power supply, so that automatic operation and data transmission of agricultural irrigation are enhanced, and the yield of crops is improved to a certain extent through stored heat energy.
(5) According to the invention, the agricultural irrigation environment is monitored in real time to acquire environment data and crop data and generate an irrigation strategy, and the growth, the water and the fertilizer and the drug of crops are finely controlled by the irrigation strategy, so that the comprehensiveness and the accuracy of crop irrigation are realized; by adopting a mode of combining Zi gBee and LoRaWAN technologies in agricultural irrigation for network transmission, reliable transmission and stability of data are ensured, so that flexible, efficient and low-cost intelligent irrigation management is realized, and better communication support is provided for agricultural production; the natural resources are converted into electric energy by adopting an energy conversion system such as solar energy, heat energy and wind energy in agricultural irrigation, and the electric power supply of irrigation is further ensured, so that the automatic operation and data transmission of agricultural irrigation are enhanced, and the yield of crops is improved to a certain extent by the stored heat energy; the irrigation water and fertilizer quantity required by the growth of the crops is obtained by analyzing the relation among soil conditions, meteorological conditions and the growth state of the crops, so that the crops can obtain the most accurate irrigation quantity, resources are saved, and the irrigation efficiency and the crop yield are improved.
Drawings
For a better understanding and implementation, the technical solution of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a step flowchart of an automated agricultural irrigation method based on the internet of things, provided by an embodiment of the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an automated agricultural irrigation system based on the internet of things according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the technical means and effects adopted by the present application for achieving the intended purpose, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the application. Rather, they are merely examples of methods and systems that are consistent with aspects of the application as detailed in the accompanying claims.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to any or all possible combinations including one or more of the associated listed items.
The following detailed description of specific embodiments, features and effects according to the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the application provides an automated agricultural irrigation method based on internet of things, comprising the following steps:
monitoring the agricultural irrigation environment in real time and acquiring environmental data and crop data;
processing and analyzing the environmental data and the crop data and generating an irrigation strategy;
Generating control instructions based on the irrigation strategy and controlling irrigation equipment to perform agricultural irrigation by the control instructions;
acquiring and analyzing historical irrigation data to generate an adaptive strategy;
and carrying out self-adaptive adjustment according to the self-adaptive strategy to optimize the irrigation strategy.
Wherein the environmental data includes soil conditions, meteorological conditions, irrigation conditions, and equipment conditions;
the crop data includes growth conditions, growth factors, and growth conditions;
generating the irrigation strategy, comprising the steps of:
establishing a first relation between the soil condition and the crop data;
establishing a second relation between the meteorological conditions and the crop data;
Establishing a third relation according to the first relation and the second relation;
and generating an irrigation strategy according to the third relation.
It should be noted that, the self-adaptive strategy of the application can find out the change rule through the historical data and feed back in real time, and self-adaptive adjustment is carried out by inducing the influence of different seasons on the growth stage of crops, so that the irrigation strategy is optimized and the accuracy is improved.
Specifically, since the existing agricultural irrigation technology cannot accurately control the amount of water and fertilizer used for irrigation, thereby causing the growth of crops to be limited and increasing the waste of resources, in order to solve the problems, the application firstly monitors the agricultural irrigation environment in real time by monitoring equipment and acquires environmental data and crop data; then, carrying out data processing and data analysis on the data to obtain an analysis result, and generating an irrigation strategy according to the analysis result; generating a control instruction based on the irrigation strategy, and controlling irrigation equipment to perform agricultural irrigation according to the control instruction; finally, historical irrigation data are acquired and analyzed to generate an adaptive strategy, and the adaptive strategy is adjusted in a self-adaptive mode to optimize the irrigation strategy. According to the application, an irrigation strategy for controlling agricultural irrigation is generated by acquiring the environmental data and the crop data and analyzing important conditions affecting the growth of crops and the relation and the influence degree between the conditions and the crops; the irrigation strategy comprises a plurality of influencing factors influencing agricultural irrigation, so that the irrigation accuracy can be greatly improved by controlling the irrigation equipment through the irrigation strategy, and all necessary and optimal growing environments required by crop growth are met by controlling water consumption, fertilization and the like, so that the irrigation efficiency of agriculture is improved, the resource waste is reduced, and the yield of crops is improved.
It should be noted that, the irrigation equipment in the present application includes, but is not limited to, a water delivery manifold, a water pump, an electromagnetic valve, a plurality of water spray pipes, and a fertilizer supply device; since the present application is mainly directed to agricultural irrigation methods, the irrigation apparatus may be selected according to specific application scenarios, and the present embodiment is not specifically limited herein, and it is understood that other irrigation apparatuses besides the above-listed irrigation apparatuses are also within the scope of the present application.
It will be appreciated that the agricultural irrigation may be represented not only as a farmland, but also as a farm, which is selected according to a specific application scenario, and the agriculture is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
In one embodiment provided by the application, the soil conditions include salinization degree, water content, water holding capacity and soil fertility; the meteorological conditions comprise temperature, humidity, illumination, geographic data and meteorological data; the irrigation conditions comprise water level, water quantity, water quality and plant diseases and insect pests; the equipment conditions comprise irrigation equipment, running state and ageing degree; yet further, the geographic data includes latitude and longitude, altitude, and topography features (e.g., hills, plains, rivers, mountains, or plateaus, etc.) of an agricultural irrigation environment (farmland/farm); the meteorological data comprise precipitation amount (such as rainfall and snowfall), sunshine hours, weather phenomena (such as sunny days, cloudy days, rainy days, snowy days and the like), four seasons change, wind direction and wind speed and the like.
Specifically, because the soil condition plays a vital role in crop growth, the application analyzes the soil condition of farmlands/farmlands, mainly judges whether the salinization degree of the soil exceeds a standard, whether the water content and the water retention rate are in a normal range, whether the fertility of the soil can maintain crop growth and the like; the weather conditions are used as objective factors and influence the growth of crops to a certain extent, so that the weather conditions such as temperature and humidity, illumination, longitude and latitude, altitude, precipitation, weather phenomenon and the like are analyzed; the irrigation condition is used as another factor affecting the growth of crops, and the water quality and the pest and disease conditions are detected to obtain the optimal data of the growth of the crops by analyzing the irrigation water level and the water quantity; the equipment conditions are mainly related data of the irrigation equipment, the running state and the aging degree of the irrigation equipment can be represented by analyzing the data, equipment errors or control errors are avoided from the viewpoint of the irrigation equipment, and the crops can be accurately irrigated; according to the application, a plurality of conditions contained in the environmental data are analyzed, a plurality of external environments in which crops grow are analyzed and correlated with the growth of the crops, and an irrigation strategy is generated subsequently by utilizing the correlation, so that the growth of the crops can be accurately controlled.
In one embodiment of the present application, in the crop data, the growth conditions are mainly growth requirements necessary for growth of crops, including water requirement, fertilizer requirement, light requirement, soil requirement, water requirement, planting time, climate environment (such as changing crops in four seasons, and light affecting synthesis of nutrient elements in growth factors); the growth factors are mainly nutrient elements necessary for the growth process of crops, and the content of the nutrient elements reflects the growth condition of the crops and the change condition of soil water and fertilizer, and the nutrient elements comprise nitrogen elements, phosphorus elements, potassium elements, iron elements, zinc elements and the like in trace elements; the growth conditions mainly represent the daily/monthly changing growth states of crops, such as seedling height, flowering, fruit bearing, fruit ripening, branch and leaf growth, etc., which reflect the growth states of crops in different growth stages. It should be noted that, the plant diseases and insect pests in the irrigation conditions in the environmental data also affect the growth condition of the crops to a certain extent, so that the irrigation conditions are also used as one of the judging factors of the growth condition in this embodiment.
Specifically, the crop data is mainly represented as data reflecting the growth change of the crop, the living environment required by the crop is judged according to the growth condition, the growth condition and the change condition of the environmental data are reflected according to the content of each nutrient element in the growth factors, the growth states of a plurality of stages of the crop are further represented according to the growth condition, and the influence of the growth condition and the environmental data on the crop is represented by the change of the growth state. In the embodiment, three change factors, namely the growth condition, the growth factor and the growth condition, are utilized to represent the change condition of crops in the growth process, and meanwhile, the three change factors are also connected with soil conditions, meteorological conditions and irrigation conditions in environmental data, so that the changed data are more complete and reliable, and the most accurate data support is provided for a subsequently generated irrigation strategy.
In one embodiment provided by the application, the method for monitoring the agricultural irrigation environment in real time specifically comprises the following steps:
Deploying a variety of sensors around the agricultural irrigation environment, including environmental sensors and crop sensors;
establishing a first sensor network node by adopting Zi gBee technology;
Deploying a LoRaWAN gateway at a peripheral/central location of an agricultural irrigation environment;
establishing a second sensor network node by adopting LoRaWAN technology;
Establishing a remote control end comprising a cloud server/a local control center;
wherein, the first sensor network node and the second sensor network node establish network connection; the second sensor network node establishes network connection with the remote control end;
The first sensor network node is used for monitoring and collecting data;
The second sensor network node is used for receiving the data sent by the first sensor network node and transmitting the data to the remote control end through the LoRaWAN protocol;
The remote control end is used for receiving and processing data from the second sensor network node, and analyzing and storing the data;
Wherein the environmental sensor includes, but is not limited to, a salinization sensor, a water content sensor, a water holdup sensor, a soil fertilizer sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an illumination sensor, a water level sensor, a water quantity sensor, a water quality sensor, a rain gauge and the like;
the crop sensor includes, but is not limited to, a nutrient element sensor, a growth status sensor.
It should be noted that, the selection of the environmental sensor is related to the above environmental data, each data type included in the environmental data needs to be detected and acquired by adopting a sensor correspondingly, and the specific sensor is selected according to the type of the environmental data, which is not limited in this embodiment; the selection of the crop sensor is also related to the crop data, and each data type contained in the crop data is detected and acquired by adopting a sensor correspondingly; the nutrient element sensor and the growth state sensor may not be so named in the prior art, but only one type of data types in the crop data is generally called in this embodiment, and the nutrient element sensor and the growth state sensor are only defined and used as one type of sensors for detecting nutrient elements and growth states of crops, so that the sensors capable of detecting nutrient elements (such as nitrogen element, phosphorus element, potassium element, iron element, zinc element and the like in trace elements) and growth states (such as seedling height, flowering, fruit bearing, fruit ripening condition, branch and leaf growth condition and the like) of crops are called as "nutrient element sensor" and "growth state sensor". Such as: the nutrient element sensor can be selected from a spectrum sensor, an ion selective electrode sensor, a conductivity sensor or a chemical sensor; and the growth state sensor may be selected from a spectrum sensor, an infrared sensor, etc.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, network transmission is performed in agricultural irrigation by adopting a mode of combining two technologies of ZigBee and lorewan, where the ZigBee technology is used for performing short-distance wireless communication, and the lorewan technology is used for performing long-distance wireless communication, and the combination of the two technologies can realize data transmission coverage in a farmland or between farms, and can also be adapted to various distance requirements; it should be noted that, the two technologies already include communication protocols of each other, so no additional protocol or device is needed as an intermediate node, but if an intermediate node is needed, a ZigBee-lowwan coordinator or an integrated chip supporting both ZigBee and lowwan communication capabilities may be used as an intermediate node to establish network communication. On the other hand, the LoRaWAN technology has higher anti-interference capability and signal penetration capability, is suitable for complex agricultural environments, can establish a more robust network in a local range by combining the ZigBee technology, and ensures the reliable transmission and stability of data, thereby realizing flexible, efficient and low-cost intelligent irrigation management and providing better communication support for agricultural production.
Although protocols of the two technologies of ZigBee and LoRaWAN are already included in the two technologies, in the process of data transmission, there are data congestion caused by untimely data conversion and data security problems caused by data leakage if the data volume is too large, so in order to solve the data congestion and data security problems, in one embodiment provided by the present application, a multi-protocol gateway processor is adopted as an intermediate node between the first sensor network node and the second sensor network node, and includes a protocol conversion layer, a protocol support layer, and a data processing layer;
the protocol conversion layer is used for converting a protocol adopted by the ZigBee and the LoRaWAN into a unified communication format;
The protocol support layer has the capability of supporting Zi gBee protocols and LoRaWAN protocols;
the data processing layer is used for receiving and forwarding data;
The protocol support layer comprises a data transmission protocol frame format and a node authentication encryption transmission mechanism;
The data transmission protocol frame format is used for carrying out unified addressing on all nodes, setting a destination address as a unified address, and the communication frame format is as follows: frame header: 2 bytes; ACK acknowledgement bit: 1 byte; source address: 8 bytes; destination address: 2 bytes; data type: 1 byte; data: 2 bytes; CRC check: 1 byte;
The node authentication encryption transmission mechanism is used for identifying the identity of the network node and establishing a secure channel by using a digital signature mechanism which is prevented from being repudiated by both parties; the system is also used for encrypting by adopting a symmetric encryption technology on the basis of identity authentication, and storing a key by adopting a key pre-storing mechanism;
the key pre-storing mechanism specifically comprises the following steps:
Pre-storing an initial key in the node;
storing a backup of initial keys of all nodes in a base station of the network;
when the network encrypts data, the node and the base station encrypt and decrypt the data by using the keys stored in the node and the base station respectively;
The random number is used as a random step length in the encryption and decryption processes, and is used for controlling the step length condition of data displacement in the encryption process.
Specifically, the application takes the multi-protocol gateway processor as an intermediate node between the first sensor network node and the second sensor network node, is used for providing data conversion and transmission between ZigBee and LoRaWAN, supports the protocols adopted by the two technologies, allows the heterogeneous nodes to communicate so as to complete conversion among different protocols, supports bidirectional transparent transmission among the heterogeneous nodes, ensures that the data conversion is more rapid, and solves the problems of data congestion and untimely conversion; the identity of the network node is identified by establishing a node authentication encryption transmission mechanism, a secure channel is established by using a digital signature mechanism which is prevented from being repudiated by both parties, the security of data is enhanced by the identity authentication of the network node, and the integrity and the identity authentication of the data can be effectively verified by the digital signature mechanism which is prevented from being repudiated by both parties, so that the sent or received data cannot be repudiated by both parties in the interaction process; the symmetric encryption technology is adopted to encrypt on the basis of identity authentication, and the symmetric encryption technology uses the same secret key in the encryption and decryption processes, is mutually inverse operation, has less expenditure compared with other encryption algorithms, and is more suitable for the application of the sensor in the embodiment; the key is stored by adopting a key pre-storing mechanism, the risk of leakage of the key in network transmission is greatly reduced, and a random number is adopted as a random step length in the encryption and decryption processes, so that the encryption algorithm becomes a variable operation, the difficulty of the algorithm in cracking is increased, and the safety of data is improved.
In order to avoid the problem of power outage or unstable power supply due to the extremely power-dependent energy supply during agricultural irrigation, in one embodiment of the present application, an energy conversion system and a power supply system are used to provide power support for equipment in agricultural irrigation, comprising the steps of:
Solar energy is acquired and converted into first electric energy through the energy conversion system;
Acquiring heat energy and dividing the heat energy into first heat energy and second heat energy, storing the first heat energy and converting the second heat energy into second electric energy through the energy conversion system;
Wind energy is acquired and converted into third electric energy through the energy conversion system;
Storing the first electrical energy, the second electrical energy and the third electrical energy;
Judging the stability of the power supply system, and if the power supply is stable, taking the first electric energy as a supplementary energy source of the power supply system; if the power supply is unstable, the second electric energy and/or the third electric energy are/is used as supplementary energy sources of the power supply system;
the energy conversion system is constructed based on the meteorological conditions and comprises a solar energy subsystem, a thermal energy subsystem and a wind energy subsystem;
the solar subsystem is associated with illumination, sunshine hours and geographic data and is used for converting solar energy into electric energy;
The heat energy subsystem is associated with temperature, illumination and geographic data and is used for storing heat energy and converting the heat energy into electric energy;
the wind energy subsystem is associated with wind direction and wind speed and geographic data and is used for converting wind energy into electric energy;
judging the temperature difference (temperature change) of the current agricultural irrigation environment according to the meteorological data, and providing heat energy for the agricultural irrigation environment by releasing the first heat energy if the temperature difference is larger than a set temperature difference threshold;
the temperature difference threshold is set based on historical temperature difference data and crop growth conditions.
Specifically, the application adopts the energy conversion systems such as solar energy, heat energy, wind energy and the like in agricultural irrigation, converts the acquired natural resources such as solar energy, heat energy, wind energy and the like into electric energy for storage, and provides electric energy as a standby energy source when the power supply system of the agricultural irrigation is insufficient, thereby ensuring that irrigation equipment and the Internet of things equipment can normally operate without being influenced by power failure; the first electric energy is used as the supplementary energy of the power supply system when the power supply is stable, and the second electric energy and/or the third electric energy is used as the supplementary energy of the power supply system when the power supply is unstable, because the least electric energy is provided in the three renewable energy sources of solar energy, heat energy and wind energy when the solar energy and the wind energy are converted into the electric energy, the solar energy is converted into the electric energy usually by using a photovoltaic cell panel to directly convert sunlight into the electric energy, and compared with the solar energy and the wind energy, the conversion efficiency of the heat energy and the wind energy is usually higher than that of the solar energy, so that the first electric energy converted into the supplementary energy when the power supply system is stable can ensure that the power supply system is more than one without losing too much electric energy; on the other hand, the embodiment also divides the heat energy into two parts, one part is used for converting the heat energy into electric energy, the other part is used for storing the electric energy, and when the temperature difference (temperature change) of the current agricultural irrigation environment is larger than the set temperature difference threshold value, the first heat energy is released to provide the heat energy for the agricultural irrigation environment, so that the growth of crops is ensured not to be influenced by the temperature change; the set temperature difference threshold value is set by analyzing the temperature difference and the growth condition of crops on the basis of the historical temperature difference data; therefore, the energy conversion system is utilized to convert natural resources into electric energy and further ensure irrigation power supply, so that automatic operation and data transmission of agricultural irrigation are enhanced, and the yield of crops is improved to a certain extent through stored heat energy.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the apparatus included in the energy conversion system is not specifically limited, and all energy conversion systems capable of implementing the above functions and actions are within the protection scope of this embodiment.
Further, the method for judging the stability of the power supply system specifically comprises the following steps:
judging voltage fluctuation of each node in the power supply system, and judging that the power supply system is unstable if the voltage fluctuation exceeds a set voltage range;
judging the frequency change of the power supply system, and judging that the power supply system is unstable if the frequency change exceeds a set frequency range;
Judging the power balance among all loads in the power supply system, and judging that the power supply system is unstable if overload or underload occurs;
and otherwise, judging that the power supply system is stable.
Specifically, the embodiment determines whether the power supply system is stable by judging voltage fluctuation, frequency variation and power balance; by monitoring and evaluating the parameters, the stability condition of the power supply system can be comprehensively and accurately known.
In one embodiment of the present application, the first relation is expressed as:
W1＝P*h(H-(H0+H1+H2))；
Wherein W 1 represents the first irrigation water and fertilizer amount; p represents the growth state of crops; h () represents a mapping function of soil conditions and crop growth conditions; h represents the salinization degree of the soil; h 0 represents the soil moisture content; h 1 represents soil water holding rate; h 2 represents soil fertility.
Specifically, in the embodiment, the soil condition and the growth state of crops are subjected to correlation analysis, a mapping function is established between the salinization degree, the water content, the water retention rate, the soil fertility and the growth condition in the soil condition, and then the first irrigation water and fertilizer amount is expressed according to the mapping function and the growth state; the first irrigation water and fertilizer amount is used to represent the irrigation water and fertilizer amount (including water and fertilizer amount) required by the crops under the condition of soil and crop data as main factors.
In one embodiment of the present application, the second relation is expressed as:
W2＝P*f((F+F')-(F0+F1+F2))；
Wherein W 2 represents the second irrigation water and fertilizer amount; p represents the growth state of crops; f () represents a mapping function of meteorological conditions and crop growth conditions; f represents meteorological data; f' represents geographic data; f 0 represents a temperature; f 1 represents humidity; f 2 represents illumination.
Specifically, the embodiment carries out association analysis on the meteorological conditions and the growth state of crops, establishes a mapping function of the temperature, humidity, illumination, geographic data and meteorological data in the meteorological conditions and the growth conditions, and then expresses the second irrigation water and fertilizer amount according to the mapping function and the growth state; the second irrigation water and fertilizer amount is used for representing the irrigation water and fertilizer amount required by crops under the condition that meteorological conditions and crop data are taken as main factors.
In one embodiment of the present application, the third relation is expressed as: w=w 1+W2;
Wherein W represents the total irrigation water and fertilizer amount required by crop growth; w 1 represents the first irrigation water and fertilizer amount; w 2 represents the second irrigation water and fertilizer quantity.
Specifically, the third relation is to combine the first relation and the second relation to obtain the total irrigation water and fertilizer amount required by crop growth; the total irrigation water and fertilizer amount is obtained by carrying out overall analysis by taking meteorological conditions and soil conditions as influence factors, and the change relation of the crop growth state, the meteorological conditions and the soil conditions can be reflected.
It should be noted that, the third relation only indicates the required irrigation water and fertilizer amount, and the irrigation strategy generated based on the third relation also needs to consider the irrigation time and the irrigation equipment, so that the third relation is not equivalent to the generation of the irrigation strategy; and the irrigation water and fertilizer amount, the irrigation time and the irrigation equipment are taken as consideration factors together to finally generate the irrigation strategy.
In summary, the agricultural irrigation environment is monitored in real time to acquire environment data and crop data and generate an irrigation strategy, and the growth, the water and the fertilizer and the drug of crops are finely controlled by the irrigation strategy, so that the comprehensiveness and the accuracy of crop irrigation are realized; the network transmission is carried out by adopting a mode of combining ZigBee and LoRaWAN technologies in agricultural irrigation, so that the reliable transmission and stability of data are ensured, thereby realizing flexible, efficient and low-cost intelligent irrigation management and providing better communication support for agricultural production; the natural resources are converted into electric energy by adopting an energy conversion system such as solar energy, heat energy and wind energy in agricultural irrigation, and the electric power supply of irrigation is further ensured, so that the automatic operation and data transmission of agricultural irrigation are enhanced, and the yield of crops is improved to a certain extent by the stored heat energy; the irrigation water and fertilizer quantity required by the growth of the crops is obtained by analyzing the relation among soil conditions, meteorological conditions and the growth state of the crops, so that the crops can obtain the most accurate irrigation quantity, resources are saved, and the irrigation efficiency and the crop yield are improved.
In summary, the automatic agricultural irrigation method based on the Internet of things can greatly improve the irrigation efficiency of agricultural irrigation, reduce the resource waste and improve the yield.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the application provides an automated agricultural irrigation system based on the internet of things, which comprises a sensor module, a data communication module, a central control module, a self-adaptive optimization module and an energy conversion module;
The sensor module is used for deploying a plurality of sensors and monitoring the agricultural irrigation environment in real time so as to acquire environmental data and crop data;
the data communication module is used for establishing a data transmission channel and encrypting network connection;
The central control module is used for processing and analyzing the environmental data and the crop data and generating an irrigation strategy; generating control instructions based on the irrigation strategy and controlling irrigation equipment to perform agricultural irrigation by the control instructions;
the self-adaptive optimization module is used for acquiring and analyzing historical irrigation data to generate a self-adaptive strategy, and carrying out self-adaptive adjustment according to the self-adaptive strategy to optimize the irrigation strategy;
The energy conversion module is used for converting solar energy, wind energy and heat energy into electric energy and providing electric power support for equipment in agricultural irrigation;
Wherein the environmental data includes soil conditions, meteorological conditions, irrigation conditions, and equipment conditions;
the crop data includes growth conditions, growth factors, and growth conditions;
generating the irrigation strategy, comprising the steps of:
establishing a first relation between the soil condition and the crop data;
establishing a second relation between the meteorological conditions and the crop data;
Establishing a third relation according to the first relation and the second relation;
and generating an irrigation strategy according to the third relation.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-described division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical application, the above-described functional distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, i.e. the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-described functions. The functional units and modules in the embodiment may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit, where the integrated units may be implemented in a form of hardware or a form of a software functional unit. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The present invention is not limited in any way by the above-described preferred embodiments, but is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments, and any person skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be embodied in the form of a program for carrying out the method of the present invention, while the above disclosure is directed to equivalent embodiments capable of being altered or modified in a slight manner, any and all concise modifications, equivalent variations and alterations of the above embodiments are still within the scope of the present disclosure, all as may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
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