CN118499955A - Frequency division dodging system suitable for groove type condenser and design method - Google Patents
Frequency division dodging system suitable for groove type condenser and design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118499955A CN118499955A CN202410660192.2A CN202410660192A CN118499955A CN 118499955 A CN118499955 A CN 118499955A CN 202410660192 A CN202410660192 A CN 202410660192A CN 118499955 A CN118499955 A CN 118499955A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency-division dodging system and a design method suitable for a groove type condenser, wherein the frequency-division dodging system comprises the frequency-division dodging system and the condenser, and the frequency-division dodging system is positioned above the condenser; the frequency division dodging system comprises a flat reflector and a receiver, wherein the flat reflectors are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the bottom surface of the receiver, the flat reflectors at two ends of the receiver are arranged in an inclined mirror image mode, and the flat reflectors are all inclined inwards; the inner surface of the flat reflector is plated with a total reflection film or a light splitting film. After the light is condensed by the condenser and enters the flat-plate reflector for uniform light, the uniformity of the output light spots can reach more than 0.92, and the uniformity of the output light spots is greatly improved; after the light is split by the light splitting film, the sunlight with shorter wavelength in the sunlight can be used for photovoltaic power generation, and the long-wave sunlight beam absorbed by the light splitting film is converted into heat energy by the heat collector, so that the cascade utilization of solar energy full-wave band energy is realized; the flat reflector has simple structure, low cost and easy processing.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a frequency division dodging system and a design method thereof, and more particularly to a frequency division dodging system and a design method thereof suitable for a trough condenser.
Background
Solar energy has the obvious advantages of abundant reserves, long use time, wide existence, cleaning and the like, and is one of the most popular renewable energy sources at present. The development of the solar energy efficient comprehensive utilization technology has important significance for solving the energy crisis, protecting the ecological environment and developing the human society industry and the technology at a high speed.
The main utilization modes of solar energy include photoelectric conversion and photothermal conversion, wherein the photoelectric conversion is to directly convert solar energy into electric energy, and the photothermal conversion is to convert solar radiation energy into heat energy. Photoelectric conversion is the most dominant form of solar energy utilization. Photovoltaic power generation technology is a technology that converts solar radiation directly into electrical energy. The solar cell is an important carrier for the photovoltaic power generation technology, and has the advantages of no noise, convenient installation, long service life, less maintenance requirement, light weight, low cost and the like. The solar photo-thermal utilization means that solar radiation energy is converted into heat energy through a heat collector to be utilized, and a condensing device is generally adopted to improve the temperature of working media, improve the energy grade and widen the application range. Solar photo-thermal utilization can be classified into low temperature utilization (< 100 ℃), medium temperature utilization (100-250 ℃) and high temperature utilization (> 250 ℃) according to the working temperature. Photovoltaic conversion and photothermal conversion technologies each have different characteristics. The photovoltaic power generation technology has lower price, but is limited by instability of solar irradiation and large-scale grid connection of intermittent photovoltaic power generation, so that great impact is brought to a power grid. The photo-thermal conversion technology can store heat in a large scale, can directly output alternating current with high electric energy quality, has good matching performance with a power grid, and has high cost. Photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation have strong complementarity in the technical aspect. In addition, the combination of photovoltaic and photo-thermal technologies is beneficial to reducing the power generation cost, and the system efficiently utilizes solar energy resources. Therefore, solar photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated technology is increasingly paid attention to.
In the solar energy utilization process, in order to improve the solar energy flow density and further improve the solar energy utilization efficiency, a condensation technology is required to efficiently converge solar energy so as to meet the energy supply temperature requirement. The traditional photovoltaic photo-thermal technology ignores the grade characteristics of the full spectrum band of solar energy, the response band of the photovoltaic is near visible light, and the conversion of long-wave heat energy is not realized. The solar energy spectrum energy can be separated by utilizing a spectrum frequency division technology, photovoltaic power generation is realized by a short wave photovoltaic response part, a long wave non-response part is used for heat collection, and the photovoltaic and the photo-thermal are combined, so that the efficient utilization of the solar energy is realized.
Concentrating and frequency division are one of the most common modes for comprehensive utilization of photovoltaic light and heat. However, the common plane structure of the frequency divider in the existing concentrating frequency division technology is complex, so that the processing difficulty is high, the cost is high, and the large-scale application of the concentrating frequency division technology is limited; secondly, the problem of uneven distribution of the energy flow of focused light spots on the surface of the photovoltaic cell generally exists after condensation and frequency division, and the performance of the photovoltaic cell is seriously influenced and even the cell is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a frequency division dodging system suitable for a groove type condenser and a design method thereof, and the receiving rate and uniformity of output light spots are improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention comprises a frequency division dodging system and a condenser, wherein the frequency division dodging system is positioned above the condenser; the frequency division dodging system comprises a flat reflector and a receiver, wherein the flat reflectors are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the bottom surface of the receiver, the flat reflectors at two ends of the receiver are arranged in an inclined mirror image mode, and the flat reflectors are all inclined inwards.
The inner surface of the flat plate type reflector is plated with a total reflection film or a light splitting film, the plated total reflection film can carry out secondary reflection on the collected sunlight, and the plated light splitting film can carry out light splitting on the sunlight.
The flat reflector is located above the focal point of the condenser.
The flat reflector is hollow, and one end face of the flat reflector, which faces the condenser, is a light receiving opening; the top of the flat reflector is provided with a light ray outlet; the receiver is positioned against the exit of the planar reflector.
The caliber of the light receiving opening is larger than the light spot size of the condenser so as to ensure the receiving rate.
The aperture of the light ray outlet is larger than the incident aperture of the light ray.
When the edge light collected by the condenser reaches the lowest end of the flat reflector, the edge light reaches the edge of the other side of the receiver after being reflected, and therefore the uniformity of light spots on the surface of the receiver can be improved to the greatest extent.
The condenser is a trough condenser.
The mirror surface of the groove type condenser keeps consistent roughness, so that the reflection angles of solar rays are the same, and the solar rays are focused at the same position.
A design method of a frequency division dodging system suitable for a groove type condenser comprises the following steps:
The length of an upper opening AB of a known frequency division dodging system is D, and the length of a lower opening CD is D;
let +.adc=θ, +.odc=α, α is known,
The passing point B is used as BM and is perpendicular to the CD extension line, and the drop foot is M;
The passing point A is AN and is perpendicular to the extension line of CN, and the drop foot is N;
Then
The height BM of the reflector is set to be h,
And a straight line L 1 is perpendicular to BD, and when the drop foot is D, L 1 is an angular bisector of the ODA.
Let L 1 and CD be included angle beta
Since BD is a tangent to the entrance face, the slope is set to k1,
L 1 is the normal to the incident ray OD, the slope is set to k 2, k2=tan (- β) = -tan β;
Since BD+.T.L 1, k1.k2= -1, i.e.
And also (b)
The flat reflector height h can be obtained from (1) and (2).
The beneficial effects are that: after the light is condensed by the condenser and enters the flat-plate reflector for uniform light, the uniformity of the output light spots can reach more than 0.92, and the uniformity of the output light spots is greatly improved; after the light is split by the light splitting film, the sunlight with shorter wavelength in the sunlight can be used for photovoltaic power generation, and the long-wave sunlight beam absorbed by the light splitting film is converted into heat energy by the heat collector, so that the cascade utilization of solar energy full-wave band energy is realized; the flat reflector has simple structure, low cost and easy processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frequency division dodging system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light simulation path of the frequency division dodging system of the present invention applied to a trough condenser;
FIG. 3 is an irradiance of the receiver surface with a reflector ray entrance aperture of 80mm and an exit aperture of 110 mm;
FIG. 4 is an irradiance of the receiver surface with a reflector ray entrance aperture of 60mm and an exit aperture of 110 mm;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the tendency of the uniformity of the light spot on the surface of the receiver when the incident aperture of the reflector is changed from 60mm to 100mm and the emergent aperture is 110 mm.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the frequency division dodging system applicable to the trough condenser of the present invention comprises a frequency division dodging system and a condenser 4, and the frequency division dodging system is located above the condenser 4. The frequency division dodging system comprises a flat reflector 1 and a receiver 3, wherein the flat reflector 1 is symmetrically arranged at two ends of the bottom surface of the receiver 3, the flat reflectors 1 positioned at two ends of the receiver 3 are arranged in an inclined mirror image mode, the flat reflectors 1 are obliquely arranged inwards, and the flat reflectors 1 are positioned above the focal point of the condenser 4.
The flat reflector 1 is hollow, and one end surface of the flat reflector 1 facing the condenser 4 is a light receiving port; the light receiving aperture of the flat reflector 1 is much larger than the condenser spot size. The top of the flat reflector 1 is provided with a light ray outlet; the receiver 3 is closely attached to the exit opening of the plate reflector 1, ensuring that the reflected light totally strikes the surface of the receiver 3. The concentrated solar energy is split and reflected to the surface of the receiver 3, and when the concentrated marginal light reaches the lowest end of the flat reflector 1, the concentrated marginal light reaches the marginal edge of the other side of the receiver 3 after reflection.
The inner surface of the flat reflector 1 is plated with a total reflection film or a light splitting film 2, the plated total reflection film can reflect the collected sunlight for the second time, and the plated light splitting film can split the sunlight. The light-splitting film 2 can divide incident sunlight into two parts according to a spectral wavelength range, a short-wave sunlight beam reflected by the light-splitting film is used for photovoltaic power generation, and the sunlight of a long-wave part is converted into heat energy by the heat collecting device.
The invention relates to a design method of a frequency division dodging system suitable for a groove type condenser, which comprises the following steps:
Knowing that the upper opening AB has a length D and the lower opening CD has a length D;
let +.adc=θ, +.odc=α, α is known,
The passing point B is used as BM and is perpendicular to the CD extension line, and the drop foot is M;
The passing point A is AN and is perpendicular to the extension line of CN, and the drop foot is N;
Then
The height BM of the reflector is set to be h,
And a straight line L 1 is perpendicular to BD, and when the drop foot is D, L 1 is an angular bisector of the ODA.
Let L 1 and CD be included angle beta
Since BD is a tangent to the entrance face, the slope is set to k1,
L 1 is the normal to the incident ray OD, the slope is set to k 2, k2=tan (- β) = -tan β;
Since BD+.T.L 1, k1.k2= -1, i.e.
And also (b)
The reflector height h can be determined from (1) and (2).
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, the condenser 4 is a trough condenser, the flat reflector 1 is located above the trough condenser, the incident aperture of light is larger than the diameter of the light spot, so as to collect all the light collected by the condenser, the emergent aperture of light is larger than the incident aperture of light, and the collected light is reflected by the inside of the flat reflector 1 and then output a uniform light spot.
The outline of the flat reflector 1 is flat, the inner surface of the flat reflector is a reflection mirror surface coated with a beam splitting film, and the focused solar rays are subjected to frequency division and reflection in the flat reflector 1 and reach the receiver 3 above the flat reflector 1. The height of the flat reflector 1 is vertical height of the upper bottom and the lower bottom, when the width of the receiver 3 is determined, the width of the upper opening is determined, and after the lower opening is determined through the light spot and the actual requirement, the height of the reflector can be determined according to the geometrical optics principle. The flat reflector 1 is positioned above the focal point of the groove type condenser, and the diameter of a light spot is smaller than the incident caliber of the flat reflector so as to ensure the receiving rate.
After the height of the flat-plate reflector is determined, the size of the trough type condenser is determined, so that the light receiving angle of the flat-plate reflector is determined, and according to the edge light principle, namely, light rays incident from the edge of the optical element are emitted from the edge of the device, the incident light rays at the two extreme edges are ensured to respectively reach the extreme edges at the two ends of the receiver through reflection during design, and the uniformity of light spots on the surface of the receiver can be improved to the greatest extent.
The parabolic focal point height of the trough condenser of this embodiment is 850mm, the surface is a silvered surface, and the reflectivity is 0.9. The mirror surface of the groove type condenser keeps consistent roughness, so that the reflection angles of the solar rays are the same, and the solar rays are focused at the same position. In practical cases, the half angle of the fillet opening angle of the sun is 16', and the spot diameter of the groove type condenser is calculated to be 12.4mm. The experiment was carried out with a receiver of length 110 mm. With reference to FIG. 1, the heights at the lower end openings of 60mm and 80mm (each larger than the spot diameter of 12.4 mm) were calculated, respectively.
The design method of the frequency division dodging system suitable for the groove type condenser of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
Point O is the trough concentrator focal point, OD is the marginal incident ray, DA is the marginal outgoing ray;
The upper opening length AB is 110mm, and the lower opening length CD is 80mm;
Let +.adc=θ, odc=a, alpha=16.24°
The passing point B is used as M;
the passing point A is AN T CN, and the drop foot is N;
Then
The set reflector height BM is hmm,
And the passing point D is L 1 which is perpendicular to BD, the drop foot is D, and L 1 is the angular bisector of the ODA.
Let L 1 and CD be included angle beta
Since BD is a tangent to the entrance face, the slope is set to k1,
L 1 is the normal to the incident ray OD, the slope is set to k 2, k2=tan (- β) = -tan β;
Since BD+.T.L 1, k1.k2= -1, i.e.
And also (b)
Simultaneous (1) (2) is obtained, h=75.9 mm, θ=38.5°
Point O is the trough concentrator focal point, OD is the marginal incident ray, DA is the marginal outgoing ray;
The upper opening length AB is 110mm, and the lower opening length CD is 60mm;
Let +.adc=θ, odc=a, alpha=16.24°
The passing point B is used as M;
the passing point A is AN T CN, and the drop foot is N;
Then
The set reflector height BM is hmm,
And a straight line L 1 is perpendicular to BD, and when the drop foot is D, L 1 is an angular bisector of the ODA.
Let L 1 and CD be included angle beta
Since BD is a tangent to the entrance face, the slope is set to k1,
L 1 is the normal to the incident ray OD, the slope is set to k 2, k2=tan (- β) = -tan β;
Since BD+.T.L 1, k1.k2= -1, i.e.
And also (b)
Simultaneous (1) (2) is obtained, h= 91.02mm, θ= 46.95 °
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the illumination uniformity of the receiver can reach 0.92 at this time, and in practical application, the illumination uniformity can be considered to be uniform when the uniformity reaches more than 0.7. As shown in FIG. 5, the optical performance analysis was performed on the incident aperture length of the flat reflector of 60 to 100mm, and the uniformity was all 0.90 or more. The invention can form high-uniformity focusing light spots.
The invention uses the edge light theory to determine the geometrical configuration of the flat reflector based on the reflection compensation thought, the uniformity of the energy flow reaching the surface of the receiver after being reflected by the reflector exceeds 0.90, and further uses the glass flat plate with the surface coated with the spectroscope as the reflector, thereby synchronously realizing frequency division and light homogenization, using short wave photons for photovoltaic power generation, converting long wave photons into working medium heat energy in the heat collector, and realizing comprehensive and efficient utilization of photovoltaic light and heat.
Claims (10)
1. The frequency division dodging system is characterized by comprising a frequency division dodging system and a condenser, wherein the frequency division dodging system is positioned above the condenser; the frequency division dodging system comprises a flat reflector and a receiver, wherein the flat reflectors are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the bottom surface of the receiver, the flat reflectors at two ends of the receiver are arranged in an inclined mirror image mode, and the flat reflectors are all inclined inwards.
2. The divided homogenizing system of claim 1 wherein the planar reflector is coated with a total reflection film or a dichroic film on its inner surface.
3. A divided light homogenizing system for a trough concentrator as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the planar reflector is located above the focal point of the concentrator.
4. A frequency division dodging system as recited in claim 3, wherein said plate reflector is hollow and has a light receiving opening at an end face facing said condenser; the top of the flat reflector is provided with a light ray outlet; the receiver is positioned against the exit of the planar reflector.
5. The divided homogenizing system of claim 4 wherein the aperture of the light receiving opening is larger than the spot size of the condenser.
6. The divided homogenizing system of claim 4 wherein the aperture of the light exit is greater than the aperture of the light entrance.
7. The divided-by-frequency dodging system for a trough type condenser as recited in claim 1, wherein said collected marginal ray reaches the lowest end of the plate type reflector, and is reflected to the extreme edge of the other side of the receiver.
8. The divided light distribution system of claim 7, wherein the condenser is a trough condenser.
9. The divided homogenizing system of claim 8 wherein the mirror surface of the trough concentrator maintains a uniform roughness.
10. The method for designing a frequency division dodging system for a trough condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
The length of an upper opening AB of a known frequency division dodging system is D, and the length of a lower opening CD is D;
let +.adc=θ, +.odc=α, α is known,
The passing point B is used as BM and is perpendicular to the CD extension line, and the drop foot is M;
The passing point A is AN and is perpendicular to the extension line of CN, and the drop foot is N;
Then
The height BM of the reflector is set to be h,
And a straight line L 1 is perpendicular to BD, and when the drop foot is D, L 1 is an angular bisector of the ODA. Let L 1 and CD be included angle beta
Since BD is a tangent to the entrance face, the slope is set to k1,L 1 is the normal to the incident ray OD, the slope is set to k 2, k2=tan (- β) = -tan β;
Since BD+.T.L 1, k1.k2= -1, i.e.
And also (b)
The flat reflector height h can be obtained from (1) and (2).
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